DOCSLIB.ORG

Uptake of Modern Contraception Among Youths (15-24) at Community Level in Busia District, Uganda

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Uptake of Modern Contraception Among Youths (15-24) at Community Level in Busia District, Uganda UPTAKE OF MODERN CONTRACEPTION AMONG YOUTHS (15-24) AT COMMUNITY LEVEL IN BUSIA DISTRICT, UGANDA BY: SUSAN BABIRYE KAYONGO MakSPH-CDC FELLOW FEBUARY 2013 UPTAKE OF MODERN CONTRACEPTION AMONG YOUTHS (15-24) AT COMMUNITY LEVEL IN BUSIA DISTRICT, UGANDA BY: SUSAN BABIRYE KAYONGO B.MASS COMM.; MPHL MakSPH-CDC FELLOW MakSPH-CDC FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM FEBUARY 2013 Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ........................................................................................... iii DECLARATION ....................................................................................................................... iv DEDICATION ........................................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................... vi ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................viii OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS ...................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND...................................................................... 2 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Background ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Statement of the Problem................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Significance of the Study ....................................................................................................... 6 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................ 8 2.1Background Information on Youths’ Sexuality and Contraception ...................................... 8 2.1.1 Sexual Behaviors of Youths in Sub-Saharan Africa ..................................................... 8 2.1.2 Contraception among Youths in Uganda ..................................................................... 9 2.2 Factors Affecting Contraceptive Use among Young People ............................................. 11 2.2.1 Individual Factors ..................................................................................................... 11 2.2.2 Reproductive Health Service Factors ........................................................................ 13 2.3 Research Questions and Objectives.................................................................................. 17 2.3.1 Research Questions................................................................................................... 17 2.3.2 General Objective ..................................................................................................... 17 2.3.3. Specific Objectives .................................................................................................. 17 2.4 Conceptual Framework.................................................................................................... 18 3.0 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................ 19 3.1 Study Design ................................................................................................................... 19 3.2 Study Area and Population .............................................................................................. 19 3.2.1 Study Area ............................................................................................................... 19 3.2.3 Sample Size .............................................................................................................. 20 3.2.4 Sampling Procedure .................................................................................................. 20 3.2.5 Study Variables ........................................................................................................ 23 3.3 Data Collection Procedures ............................................................................................. 23 3.3.1 Tools ........................................................................................................................ 24 3.4 Data Management, Quality Control and Analysis ............................................................. 25 3.4.1 Data Management ..................................................................................................... 25 3.4.3 Data Analysis ........................................................................................................... 26 3.5 Ethical Considerations ..................................................................................................... 27 4.0 RESULTS ........................................................................................................................... 29 4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 29 4.2 Demographic Characteristics of Respondents .................................................................. 29 4.2.1 Socio-demographic Characteristics of Respondents ................................................... 29 4.2.2 Sexual and Reproductive Behaviors and Experiences of Respondents ....................... 30 4.3 Use and Preferences of Contraceptives among Respondents ............................................ 32 4.3.1 Contraceptive Prevalence .......................................................................................... 32 4.3.3 Modern Contraception Preferences of Respondents ................................................... 33 4.3.4 Contraceptive Use Behaviors and Practices among Respondents ............................... 34 4.3.5 Source of Contraceptives at Community Level .......................................................... 36 4.4 Factors that Influence Uptake of Modern Contraceptives among Respondents ................. 37 4.4.1 Logistic Regression Predicting the Likelihood of Modern Contraceptive Use ............ 37 4.4.2 Logistic Regression Predicting the Likelihood of Condom Use ................................. 38 4.4.3 Logistic Regression Predicting the Likelihood of Use of Depo-Provera ..................... 39 4.5. Young People’s Perceptions towards Receiving Contraceptives from the Different Service Providers at Community Level .............................................................................................. 40 4.5.1 Perceptions of Youths towards Contraceptive Uptake by Youths ............................... 41 4.5.2 Perceptions of Youths towards Availability and Variability of Contraceptive Services ......................................................................................................................................... 41 4.5.3 Perceptions of Youths towards the Information Given to Clients ............................... 43 4.5.4 Perceptions of Youths towards Provider’s Technical Competences ........................... 44 4.5.5 Perceptions of Youths towards Provider’s Interpersonal Relations ............................ 45 4.5.6 Perceptions of Youths towards the Availability of Mechanisms for Continuity of Contraceptive Use ............................................................................................................. 45 4.5.6 Perceptions of Youths towards Constellation of Services .......................................... 46 ii 4.6. Community level provider’s perspectives on provision of contraceptives to youths ............. 47 4.6.1 Non Attitudinal Factors............................................................................................. 47 4.6.2 Attitude Related Factors ........................................................................................... 51 5.0 DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................... 57 5.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 57 5.2 Discussion ....................................................................................................................... 57 6.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................ 61 6.1 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 61 6.2 Public Health Implications & Recommendations ............................................................. 61 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................... 63 iii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES TABLE 1: Socio-demographic characteristics of respondents……………….………...30 TABLE 2: Sexual and reproductive behaviors and experiences of respondents by contraceptive uptake…………………………………………..…………………...……31 TABLE 3: Age, sex, marital and schooling status of respondents by modern Contraception……………………………….……………………………………………32 TABLE 4: Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratios for the factors influencing modern contraception among respondents……………………………..………………………...37 TABLE 5: Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratios for the factors influencing use of Condoms
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Genealogical Linguistic Implication of the Abaluhyia Naming System
    IJRDO-Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN : 2456-2971 A GENEALOGICAL LINGUISTIC IMPLICATION OF THE ABALUHYIA NAMING SYSTEM David Wafula Lwangale (Egerton University) [email protected] or [email protected] ABSTRACT Most African communities have a systematic way of naming their children. The naming system of a given community speaks a lot about their way of life. Some communities have family names which cannot be attributed to any meaning. Such names may be regarded generally as clan names. Some names may be attributed to some events and seasons. Others may be inherited in a situation where communities name their children after their dead or living relatives. Therefore, names are not only cultural but also linguistic. The study investigated the naming systems of the Luhyia sub-tribes with a view of establishing the genealogical relatedness of the Luluhyia language dialects. The study established three levels of naming children shared by most of the Luhyia sub-nations. These are based on seasons, events and naming after their dead relatives. Key words: genealogical, language, name, male and female Background to the Study Luhyia dialects have been extensively studied over a long period of time. The speakers of Luluhyia dialects are generally referred to as AbaLuhyia who were initially known as Bantu Kavirondo as a result of their being close to Lake Victoria in Kavirondo Gulf. The Luhyia nation, tribe or ethnic group consists of seventeen sub-nations or dialect speaking sub-groups. These include Abakhayo, Babukusu, Abanyala, Abanyore, Abatsotso, Abetakho, Abesukha, Abakabras, Abakisa, Abalogoli, Abamarachi, Abasamia, Abatachoni, Abatiriki and Abawanga.
    [Show full text]
  • Conflicts Between Pastoral Communities in East Africa. Case Study of the Pokot and Turkana
    UNIVERSITY OFNAIROBI INSTITUTE OF DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES Conflicts between Pastoral Communities in East Africa. Case Study of the Pokot and Turkana SIMON MIIRI GITAU R50/69714/2013 SUPERVISOR: DR. OCHIENG KAMUNDAYI A Project submitted in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Master of Arts in International Studies, Institute of diplomacy and International Studies, University of Nairobi i ii DECLARATION This thesis is my original work and has not been submitted for the award of a Diploma or Degree in any other University Signed…………………………… Date……………………… SIMON MIIRI GITAU This work has been submitted to the Board of Examiners of the University of Nairobi with my approval. Signed……………………………. Date…………………. DR OCHIENG KAMUNDAYI iii DEDICATION To my two sons Brian Gitau and James Ndung’u iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to the following KWS staff assisted in primary data collection: Joseph Kinyanjui, Warden Nasolot National Park West Pokot County and David Kones Warden South Turkana National Reserve Turkana County. Linda Nafula assisted a lot in organizing the data from questionnaire. Fredrick Lala and Lydiah Kisoyani assisted a lot in logistics of administration of the questionnaires I am finally grateful to my family, my wife and my two sons Brian and James for bearing with me during the period I was away from them v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ASTU Anti- Stock Theft Unit CAR Central Africa Republic DPC District Peace Committee DPRC District Peace and Reconciliation Committee IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on Development KPR Kenya
    [Show full text]
  • Asere CEES-BAED.Pdf (1018.Kb)
    MAKERERE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF LITERATURE FAMILY VALUES IN THE SAMIA PROVERBS OF EASTERN UGANDA BY ASERE WINNIE 17/U/2978/EVE A RESEARCH DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE BACHELOR'S DEGREE OF ARTS WITH EDUCATION AT MAKERERE UNIVERSITY 7/12/2020 1 i ii DEDICATION I dedicated this book to my beloved parents, Mr. Etyang Erisam and Mrs. Achalat Betty for their tireless support in my education. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank everyone for the support they granted to me in pursuit of this work. I am grateful to have been part of Makerere University. It has made me make friends from different regions. My friends from the kindreds group you played a great role in my stay at Makerere University. I am indebted to my supervisor Prof. Abasi Kiyimba for the guidance in pursuit of this work. I extend my sincere gratitude to my family members for sacrificing to make me reach this level not forgetting the of literature 2017/2018. To my close friends with whom we have shared the struggle in the three years especially; kiiza Fatuma, Munanu Donald, Mwesigwa Joel Ntokolo, Mulonde Joy Najjembe Wegoyi Jafal, Kipsiro Paul and Natunga Patrick, Elaete Sarah. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION...................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. APPROVAL ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. DEDICATION ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Interaction, Migration, Settlement, Ethnic Interaction, Early Migrant Groups, Yimbo, Western Kenya
    International Journal of Applied Sociology 2020, 10(1): 1-12 DOI: 10.5923/j.ijas.20201001.01 Ethnic and Cultural Interaction between the Early Migrant Groups in Yimbo of Western Kenya Elekia Osuga1,*, Fredrick Odede2, Samuel Okuro2 1Eldoret University, Kenya 2JOOUST, Kenya Abstract Inter-ethnic relations entail a wide range of interactions by members of diverse tribes in a given geographical space. This work aimed at determining the nature of inter-ethnic interactions among communities in Yimbo of Western Kenya. The study was conducted in Yimbo; Usigu Division within Bondo Sub-County. The study employed The Race Relations Cycle theory that holds that racial or ethnic contacts lead to competition, accommodation and eventual assimilation of cultural or ethnic groups. Purposive and snowball sampling strategies were employed to arrive at the respondents for data collection. Interview guides, Focus Group Discussion guides and archival records were used for data collection. Thematic data analysis assisted in data analysis and finally data interpretation and synthesis were undertaken. The findings of the study pointed out that the history of cultural interaction in Yimbo region goes back to at least the last millennium B.C during which time the Rift Southern Cushitic speakers had spread to Western Kenya and beyond into Northern and Central Tanzania, as well as, into the South Western side of Lake Victoria. Interaction begun from migration times the period of settlement up to the post-independence period. It involved borrowing or exchange of ideas and cultural traits possibly leading to cultural exchange and assimilations through processes of warfare, trade, and intermarriage. Keywords Cultural interaction, Migration, Settlement, Ethnic interaction, Early migrant groups, Yimbo, Western Kenya inter-ethnic interactions between communities of Yimbo is 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Not My Brother's Keeper: Forces That Have Kept the Luyia People Apart
    Not My Brother’s Keeper: Forces That Have Kept the Luyia People Apart By Bethuel Oduo The Luyia community has produced more vice presidents than any other Kenyan community. Musalia Mudavadi was appointed vice president in 2002 for 90 days, Wamalwa Kijana in 2003 for seven months and Moody Awori was also Mwai Kibaki’s vice president between 2003 and 2007. But has this ever translated into any political clout or force? That has always been the big question of the day. Luyias have never been able to take advantage of their numbers to gain or forge strong, collective political mileage. They have been unable to put their eggs in one basket to negotiate for their community. To understand the story of the Luyias of Kenya, one has to analyse their history from pre-colonial days to date, and particularly the impact of colonial events, ideology and administration. Before the Luyia nation was cobbled together as a political necessity in 1943, several Luyia clans, such as the Bukusu, Banyala, Batsotso, Idakho, Isukha Kisa, Marama and Wanga, were originally Luo, Kalenjin or Masaai. In fact, a whole community like the Tachoni was originally part of the highland Nilotes who were incorporated through inter-marriage with the Bantu. This history does not make any of the clans less Luyia. Indeed, the entire community is an amalgamation of Bantu and Nilotic genealogy, bound by a common linguistic and cultural orientation acquired through adoption or assimilation. There are more than 800 Luyia clans to date, existing as units with fluid boundaries, joined together by a thin mosaic band of cultural and linguistic similarities.
    [Show full text]
  • Joseph L. Awange and Obiero Ong'ang'a Lake Victoria
    Joseph L. Awange and Obiero Ong'ang'a Lake Victoria Joseph L. Awange Obiero Ong'ang'a Lake Victoria Ecology, Resources, Environment With 83 Figures AUTHORS: PROF. DR. ING. DR. OBIERO ONG'ANG'A JOSEPH L. AWANGE OSIENALA (FRIENDS OF LAKE DEPARTMENT OF VICTORIA) ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES P.O.BOX 4580-40103 MASENO UNIVERSITY KISUMU, KENYA P.O. BOX 333 MASENO, KENYA E-mail: E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] ISBN 10 3-540-32574-3 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 13 978-3-540-32574-1 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2006924571 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broad- casting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006 Printed in The Netherlands The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant pro- tective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: E. Kirchner, Heidelberg Production: A.
    [Show full text]
  • Kenya) Proverbs and Wise Sayings
    A COLLECTION OF 100 OLUSAMIA (KENYA) PROVERBS AND WISE SAYINGS By GABRIEL ODHIAMBO African Proverbs Working Group Nairobi, Kenya MAY, 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to thank all those who gave their valuable contribution towards the completion of this document. My greatest appreciation goes to Fr. Joseph G. Healey of the Maryknoll Society of Kenya, for the financial and moral support, Cephas Y. Agbemenu for his continuous mentorship and moral support. My special thanks go to Margaret Ireri and Secretary of APWG for her valuable input, mentorship and inspiration from the beginning until the completion of the work. I would also like to thank the African Proverbs Working Group in Nairobi for allowing me to proceed with this project. Finally, my special thanks go to my family, my wife and children for their support during the period and friends who gave their valuable contribution towards the work. DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my wife Marion Apondi. INTRODUCTION Location The Kenyan Samia speak Saamia or Olusamia dialect of the Luhya language, and they live in Western Kenya and Eastern Uganda. They are a Bantu ethnic community also known as Abaluyia, found in Kenya and Uganda. Before the advent of colonialism, they defined their boundaries based on occupation of territory by a community of people with a similar language, cultural traditions or under the leadership of a particular ruler or king. Their territory neighboured the Baganda, Basoga and Bagisu of present-day Uganda, and the Luo, Kisii, (Gusii) Teso, and Nandi of Present day Kenya. The territory occupied by the Bantu around Lake Victoria and to the north of Lake Victoria was known as Kavirondo.
    [Show full text]
  • Globalisation and Fish Utilisation and Marketing Study
    RESEARCH REPORT GLOBALISATION AND FISH UTILISATION AND MARKETING STUDY ECONOMIC PROFILES OF SELECTED LANDING SITES ON LAKE VICTORIA SOCIO-ECONOMICS SECTION FISHERIES RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE Jinja, Uganda Submitted to Mike Dillon Associates Limited: October, 2002 THE RESEARCH TEAM Konstantine Odongkara Team Leader Jonnah Wegoye Researcher Mercy Kyangwa Researcher Anne Nyapendi Research Assistant Richard Jawoko Driver CONTACT ADDRESS Fisheries Resources Research Institute National Agricultural Research Organisation P.O. Box 343, JINJA Uganda Fax: 256-43-120192 Tel. 256-43-120484 e-mail: [email protected] i ACRONYMS AFO Assistant Fisheries Officer DFID Department for International Development DFO District Fisheries Officer DFR Department for Fisheries Resources DRC Democratic Republic of Congo EPRC Economic Policy Research Centre EU European Union FIRRI Fisheries Resources Research Institute LVEMP Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project MFPED Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development NARO National Agricultural Research Organization PAF Poverty Action Fund UBOS Uganda Bureau of Statistics ii DEFINITIONS Mosquito net A small-mesh net used for catching mukene. Mukene A local word for the small pelagic fish caught using light and scientifically called Rastreneobola argentea Parachute A term used to refer to a three-planked small boat with a flat bottom manually propelled Ssesse A local word widely used to mean a V-shaped boat with definite angles and a keel. Trolling A fishing method that involves dragging a baited hook from a moving boat. iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY General 1) The objective of the study is to examine the impact of development of the export fishery on the poor. The report focuses on the economic structure of fish landing sites, providing data relating to the livelihoods of artisanal fish producers, processors, traders and consumers, in particular data relating to income and revenue flows.
    [Show full text]
  • Genealogical Reconstruction of the Proto -Luluhyia Language
    GENEALOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROTO -LULUHYIA LANGUAGE DAVID WAFULA LWANGALE A thesis submitted to the Graduate School in partial fulfillment for the requirements of Doctor of Philosophy degree in English Language and Linguistics of Egerton University EGERTON UNIVERSITY NOVEMBER, 2018 DECLARATION AND RECOMMENDATION Declaration This is my original work and has not been presented to any other university or college for any academic award. Signature______________________ Date________________________ David Wafula Lwangale Reg. No.AD13/0252/09 Recommendation This thesis has been submitted for examination with our recommendation as university supervisors. Signature______________________ Date________________________ Professor James K. Mutiti Department of Literature, Languages and Linguistics Pwani University Signature______________________ Date________________________ Dr. Phylis J. Bartoo Department of Literature, Languages and Linguistics Egerton University ii COPYRIGHT © 2018 David Wafula Lwangale All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be produced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the author or Egerton University on his behalf. iii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my wife Ruth Khakasa for standing by and with me through constant reminder that time was running out; my children for always asking about my graduation day, the question which brightly lit the academic effort and determination in me; my father, John Lwangale and my mother, Elizabeth Khaoma for setting the academic foundation in me. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I'm grateful to Almighty God for his everlasting Grace that saw me through till completion of this study. I thank Egerton Univeristy for providing the platform that enabled me futher my studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Boundary Establishment and Its Influence on Pastoral Resource
    International Journal of Social Science and Technology ISSN: 2415-6566 Vol. 1 No. 2; November 2016 BOUNDARY ESTABLISHMENT AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PASTORAL RESOURCE CONFLICT BETWEEN THE POKOT AND KARAMOJONG SINCE 1902 BY JACOB ADIPO OGALO DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY MASENO UNIVERSITY P.O. BOX 333 MASENO & PROF. MILDRED NDEDA DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE, JARAMOGI OGINGA ODINGA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY P.O. BOX 210 BONDO ABSTRACT International boundaries remain finite lines of divisions by which national geopolitical space is delineated and contained. This understanding is based on territoriality and sovereignty of each state denoting what is internal and external to the state. The thrust of this paper is that the establishment of the international boundary between Kenya and Uganda not only split or separated pastoral communities that hitherto lived together but has contributed in fueling cross border resource conflict between the Pokot and Karamojong. This is against the cardinal norm that boundary or border relations and interaction should help foster, promote and maintain peace and human coexistence. This paper posits that the study of cross-border pastoral conflict should be done in tandem with the functionality and contribution of the boundary to the phenomenon. It holds the position that the rapture of the vice is faceable through colonialism and Post colonial period and that the problem of rusting and banditry among these pastoralists remain unresolved due to the way in which the boundary was perceived and is now manned. Key words: Boundary, Border, Pokot, Karamojong, conflict, colonial administrators. Background to the Establishment of the Kenya – Uganda Boundary In Africa, two broad types of boundaries were identified in the process of their creation.
    [Show full text]
  • We Need New Names,Unleash the Bulls!,Not My Brother's Keeper
    We Need New Names By Oduor Obura In late 2019, the Luanda Boda Boda Riders’ Association purchased a bus for public service. The association is located along the Maseno-Luanda border and its membership is largely drawn from the Luanda and Maseno catchment area. The name of the association has a lot to do with the state of our union as a country or even as a region. It is a microcosm of ethno-nationalist tensions existing in Kenya and many other regions of Africa, and the changing times that bring new and multiple ways to negotiate these invented differences. The boda boda association is a chance to look at how we negotiate citizenship daily, and how we can overcome some essentialist ideals that are so deeply entrenched in eastern Africa. The boda boda association draws membership from Luanda and Maseno, two small towns that are barely three kilometers apart. Maseno was established as a mission town and gets its name from oseno, which is a Luo word for the indigenous tree that used to be dominant in the area before ecological colonialism. The Kinyore (the Luhya sub-group inhabiting the Maseno and Luanda corridor) calls the same tree luseno. Oseno has since been colonised by the blue gum commonly called bao, which is indigenous to Australia. Young people would be at pains to identify oseno in Maseno today. Shortly before colonialism, Luanda had been established by a Luo chief from Gem Yala. Currently Luanda is dominantly a Luhya town, and it is located in Vihiga County. I have grown to like the sound of Maseno.
    [Show full text]
  • A Bibliography of the Customary Laws of Kenya (With Special Reference to the Laws of Wrongs)
    1 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE CUSTOMARY LAWS OF KENYA (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE LAWS OF WRONGS) Richard L. Abel* This bibliography was developed in the course of research in the customary laws of wrongs in Kenya,** and is there­ fore most thorough with respect to that subject. However, the nature of customary law is such that wrongs do not form a sharply differentiated substantive area. Moreover, other bodies of law--e.g., those pertaining ~o the family, to property rights, to procedural matters--clearly bear on the treatment of wrongs. Consequently, most sources cover a broad subject matter, and in seeking to include all those having any bearing on the laws of wrongs, I believe I have been reasonably comprehensive. Two areas were deliberately excluded. Non-customary laws-- received English law, adopted Indian Acts, Moslem or Hindu law--where it has no bearing on customary practices, is not referred to. Within customary law itself, the rules of land law have only been dealt with incidentally, for the area is sufficiently specialized to constitute a separable subject matter, with an extensive bibliography of its own. (See especially Sorrenson, M.P.K. Land Reform in the Kikuyu Country: a study in Government Policy, pp. 253-56. New York: Oxford Univ. P. for E. Afr. Inst. Soc. Res., 1967.) *Assistant Professor of Law, Yale Law School. B.A., 1962, Harvard College; LL.B., 1965, Columbia Law School. **This research was supported by a Marshall Scholar­ ship in London and by a Foreign Area Fellowship in Kenya. I am extremely grateful to Professor A.N.
    [Show full text]