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1973 April.Pdf By J860 rwo-thi ~d!; o f RllOdl' Jsl,md 's inhllbir,mls Werl'Clty dWl'lIers. In the midsl of this I' ~blln mot'emenl WOl5 the bl'$y "orr of Prorid..nre and 0" rhe ~it,,,~'s ,,-'esr bank rjoregwl'nd) Ihe Fifrh Wllrd was home and Illbo~ center for Irish immigrants, (Page 53l o. ' ~"o ' " ''''' I ' ~P~ by lo ~" P ." ...."'00' .. ~.....,..,f "'o..~...- ~ "om t~ .. ......Jr .>/'~ ."'-..J...uR,..... (. I~S/I RHO DE ISLAND HISTORY Published by Issued Quarterly at Providence. Rhode Island . THE RHODE ISLAND HI STORICAL SOCIEn February, May, August, and November. Second 52 POWER STREET, PROVIDENCE , RHODE ISLAND class postage paid at Providence, Rhode Island. 02906 The Rhode lsland Historical Society assumes Joseph K. Ott, president no responsibility fo r opinions ofcontributo rs. George C. Davis, v ice president Duncan Hunter Mauran. t.k e president Bradford F. Swan. secretary Thomas R. Adams, assistant secretary Table of Co ntents TownesM. Harris. Ir.. treasurer Lawrence Lanpher. assistant treasurer Popular Sovereignty in the Dorr War ­ Albert T. Klyberg. director Conservative Co unterblast by William M . W iecek 35 Carl Bridenbaugh. {p/low ofthe Society Fifth Ward lrish- PUBLICATIONSCOM M ITTEE Immigrant Mobility in Providence Stuart C. Sherman. chairman 1850 - 1870 Henry L. P. Beckwith, Jr. by Robert A. WI'e e1er 53 Mrs. Philip Davis Wendell Garrett Norman W. Smith 151st Annual Meeting 62 STAff Joel A. Cohen. editor Noel P. Conlon. managing editor Mildred C. Tilley, picture editor VO L t:M~. 32, r\t:MIlER2 )1.\ '" 'r lQ7} --- ------ - - 35 Popular Sov ereignty in the Don War ­ Conservative Counterblast by Will illm /l.-t. W iecek· That history is written from the viewpoint of ....lin­ rejected in their time. As a preliminary. lei us ners and "good guys" in the struggles of the past is survey conservative thought on popular an old and familiar complaint,I certainly true of sovereignty, which constituted a coherent and historical studies of the Dorr Rebellion. All recent integrated rebuttal to an idea whose time - by studies implicitly assume that the suffragists' cause 1842 - had plainly come. was superior 10 thai of the anu-suffragists.' At the outset. we are met by inevitable defini­ Further. the whole course of subsequent American tional pr oblems - what is conserv atism ? an d who history has vindicated the vision of those who are ce nservat ivesj I shall not attemp t to answer opposed the tree-hold qualification and the malap­ the first because I suspect that so diffuse a concept portionmenl of the Rhode Island legislature in the as American conservatism can be defined only by early 18405. Rhode Island conservatives of the infinite enumeration ; I do hope ho wever to 18405 have been consigned to that part of the contribute one element to that enumeration. I use historical attic reserved for Bourbon the label "com ert-' uriv e" to describe those Rhode obstructionists of progress. human rights, and Islanders and the ir supporters o utside the st ate libertarian democracy . With the ethical ..... ho either- component of this judgment, most Americans 1) opposed (or were reluctant to concede) suffrage would have no quarrel. extension or reapportionment o t the General It is nonetheless worth rescuing conservative Assembly or both bet ween 1840 and June 18-U; or anti-suffragists momentarily from historical 2) opposed, at an y time after July 1841, the oblivion to reconsider their political thought on its program of the Rhode Island Suffrage Association, own term s. Such a reconsideration could tell us specifi cally the calling of the extra-legal Peoples much about processes of American Convention and the drafting an d adoption of the co nstitutionalism. ab out perennial themes of con­ People's Constitut ion . sensus and conflict in ou r past, and about demo­ Though such usage is justifi ed by modern defini­ cratic valu es that censervau ves so emphatically tions,' by the term 's etymology,' and by choice of •Associate Professor o f History at the University 01 Missouri ­ Columbia and Author 01 The G u.:m m l.,i' Clausi' of til" U. 5 "kw" s of Ihe Dorr War," Rima. ' Island Histon, I :2 COl15 titulio" (It haca , Cornell Un iversit y Press. 1972), Mr, (April 1942 ) 33-44 . Charles O . Lerche, "Don R"',ellion ,,,,,I WiKek wisN-s to than k the stat ts ot the Rhode l eland the Ffd" ra l COIlslrtut iOlC RhodelsIolnd His/Qr!i. 9 :1 tjanu­ Historica l Socreiy Library and the John H,jy Library, Brown dry 1950 ) 1-10.:"lahlon H. Hellt'm h. 'Luth"r C!b..s in th.. University, for valuabl .. assistance . to acknowled ge a grant Lc noerCourts " Rhode IS//lnd H.story 11 :1 (April IQS 2>33--45 trom tM ~ oI t i onal Endowment for the Humanrues that made Robert L. Ciaburri. Dorr Rebellion In Rh",l" Is/alzd. ,\ lo<ler­ rlz~ muc h of the research lor this paper possible: and to) acknow­ ute Rhode Ishm.l Histor.1i 2t>;J \July 1907>73-87 ~t. ~\'r ls on ledge a grant from the Faculty Research Council. Unive rsity 01 Ceorge Dellniso ll, TllOrnus Dorr COUPlselof Missouri, lor typing funds. Ri'cord /PI Ll<lh ..r u. Borden ,.51,Louis UlIlt'. Law /ourIlal lS (1971) 398-428 Ml(hdel Canron. ''Law , Politics, ,m d Chi.., lusnce Tm lll"y" R"eollsideralion vf th e LI,lllcr 1.', Bora",! ' Herbe rt Butterfield. Wllig Interprellllion of Hi5lory (London: O,'inilm ," A",en'Ctm{ournlll of Legloll Hisloryl l ( 967) Bell, 193 1), 377-388. Patrick T. Co nley , "Do rr Rebd/iOlI,' Riloae /51"'1<1 5 •Arthur M. Schlesinl/:er lr. Age of !aekso" (Bosto n: Little. Crisis in COIlstl/ulioP!/l1GOt'e rnmerr t ., A m,'n eap! Chrorrlcle Brow n, 19451 410-4 17 , C. Pete r :..l,jgr olth , '·Oplm ll.stic Demo­ 1;1 ()anu.lry 1972) 48-53 . cra!, Tho ",<lS 1--'.', Dorr and Ihi' C~ of Luther .'s, Borde" 'Arn ...,c/lPl H"nt/ll<f' lJJC!lon/lry ot f h f' English Lanl<Ullse (on­ Rhodl' Island History 29 : 3 & 4 (August and :-':covember 19701 servanve (adj.j - t"'lJing to fa!,'o, !he preseTt.,..tion of the 94-112. ~larvm E. Ge ltleman,'Po/.t1C/l/ Oppos.tlon /lnd t'~is /l"g Rad,callSm i,l /he Dorr Rebel/ion . paper read al O rgan ization o rdl!T /llld to regard proposals fo rCha'l){e wr/h al$­ trust "Concise O~fora DiClIOIl/lry conservative (,,,,ii. lit n.} ­ 01 Amencan Historian s co ncennon 1969. Chilton .......·iIlia mson. '"[)isench/ln fm e'l! of Thomas W, De-e. ,.Rhode "aisposed 10 "I/linf/lirr uislirrg inst itut ions . Isla,,,l Hist ory 17:4 (Oc t\, ~ r 1958) 97-108 . John 13 . Role. ' Latin COlISf'Tt.' lol re - to prl'Serlie . 3 6 POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY co nservauves themselves. •some may object Urban£', modi'ruti' , fluibl£', u"d r£'lu/it'i'ly /oli'ru,,' Elisha R. because such use is tautological or begs imp ortant Porre- . Jr questions of political theory. No other label. however, so aptly fits the ideology of the group of men whose thought we are about to examine. I use "suffragist" promiscuously to de note all who act ively supported suff rage extension, reappor­ tionment. or the inseparably related proposals for constitutional reform in Rhode Island in the early 184(}o;. and "Dcrrue" to designate supporters of "Go verno r" Thomas Wilson Dorr after May 1842. Any generalization about conservatives should be qualified at the outset by one observation­ they w ere not monolithic in outlook or tempera­ ment. They varied widely from urbane, moderate, flexible. and relatively tolerant Elisha R. Potter, Jr" to adamant reactionaries like Edwin Noyes w ho wrote that "this [ree suffragp," which he called "the mobocratir priPl(iple. "" i n the end will damn any ro m munity, " or the anonymous mossback who composed this fervid prayer for a broadside. "God, i11 merry . deliver us frorn ,marrhy. rivil war . contlagrations , plague. .., pestilence ami [amine. Hell and Free Suffrage, PorI...., RIH5 CoIln-n"" The constitut ional background of the DOff Rebellion determined the course of debate ov er popular sovereignty in the rebellion. If "consti­ tution" is defined as a unita ry . written, Because the charter was silent on qu alifications co nstitutive document. the only constitution of freemen , it was left to the Gen eral Assembly to Rho de Islan d had on the eve of the Am erican de fine the term and thereby dete rmine wh o could Revo lution was the charter granted by Charles II vo te. Its 1665 catalogue of desirable qualities of in the early years of the Restoration." It limited the freemen anticipated Jackso nian-era conserv ative franchise to "[reemen of the said Company" but attit udes - freemen were to be all those "of did not define this term. It also provided that Competent Estates, Civil Conversation, and representat ives of freemen. a bo dy that evolved O bedient to tlie Civil Magistrate , .. ,, 9 The First of into the House, should be com posed of two repre­ these qu alities was translated int o monetary terms, sentatives from ever y town, with Providence, so that by the American Revolution . a man Portsmo uth , and Warwick each gett ing four and qualified to vote if he po ssessed the equi valent of Newport. six. $1 34 worth of real estate. The General Assem bly ' Li'tli'r to 110'1 . ]ami'S F, Simmo"s, by a Rhode-Island Con­ the R.I.
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