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This document is from the collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansas http://dolearchives.ku.edu Rhode Island Department of Economic Dcvelo;nnent A Historic Textile Mill Stands at Slater Mill Historic Site in Pawtucket RHODE ISLAND is the smallest state in the Union. About 65 per cent of Rhode Island's people live in It covers only 1,210 square miles (3,140 square kilo- the Providence metropolitan area. Only California and meters), and is a little more than half the size of Dela- New Jersey have a greater percentage of urban residents. ware, the second smallest state. In spite of its size, About a sixth of Rhode Island's people live in Provi- Rhode Island is an important industrial state. It ranks dence itself, second to Boston among New England's high among the states in textile and jewelry production. largest cities. Rhode Island's official nickname is Ocean State. But The people of Rhode Island have played important because of its size, it has traditionally been called Little parts in the history and industrial development of the Rhody. Providence is the capital and largest city of United States. Roger Williams, who founded Provi- Rhode Island. dence in 1636, worked for religious and political free- Rhode Island lies on beautiful Narragansett Bay, dom. Under his leadership, R hode Islanders gained an arm of the Atlantic Ocean. The bay makes the state fame for their love of personal liberty. In 1776, Rhode a leading vacationland. Thousands of tourists come to Island became the first of the 13 original colonies to Rhode Island each summer to enjoy boating, fishing, formally declare independence from Great Britain. But and other water sports. Naval installations along Nar- it was the last colony to ratify the U.S. Constitution. ragansett Bay include the Newport Naval Underwater Rhode Island delayed ratification for three years-until Systems Center and the Naval War College. 1790 - when the Bill of Rights was ready to be added Narragansett Bay almost cuts Rhode Island in two. to the Constitution. The bay extends 28 miles ( 45 kilometers) inland from Samuel Slater, an English machinist who settled in southern Rhode Island. The state has 36 islands, most R hode Island, helped establish the American textile of which are in the bay. Aquidneck, the largest island, industry. In the late I 700's, he built the first cotton was officially named Rhode Island in 1644. Towns on spinning mill driven by water power. Nehemiah and the mainland were called Providence Plantations. As a Seri! Dodge, R hode Island brothers, started the jewelry result, Rhode Island's official name is State of Rhode industry in America. Rhode Islanders also were promi- Island and Providence Plantations. Thus, the smallest state nent in the boatbuilding, fishing, shipping, and whaling has the longest official name. industries. Page 1 of 112 This document is from the collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansas http://dolearchives.ku.edu RHODE ISLAND~ OCEAN STATE Rhode Island Department of Economic Development Cl iff W alk Winds Past The Breakers, the Carnelius Vanderbilt Estate in Newport Rhode Island (blue) ranks as the smallest of all the 50 states. It Facts in Brief is one of the New England States (gray). Capital: Providence. Government: Congress-U.S. s~nators, 2; U.S. represent- atives, 2. Electoral Votes-4. State Legislature-senators, 50; representatives, 100. Counties-5 (no ,,county gov- ernments). Cities and Towns-39 with l\Jcal govern- ments. Area: 1,210 sq. mi. (3,140 km'), including 158 sq. mi. (408 km') of inland water but excluding 14 sq. mi. (36 km') of coastal water; 50th and smallest in size among the states. Greatest Distances-north-south, 48 mi. (77 km); east-west, 37 mi. (60 km) . Coastline-40 mi. (64 km). Elevation: Highest-Jerimoth Hill, 812 ft. (247 m) above sea level. Lowest-sea level along the Atlantic Coast. Population: 1980 Census-947,154; 40th among the states; density, 781 persons per sq . mi. (302 per km'); dis- tribution, 87 per cent urban, 13 per cent rural. 1970 Census-949, 723. Chief Products: Agriculture-greenhouse and nursery prod- ucts, milk. Fishing Industry-flounder, lobsters. Manu- facturing-jewelry and silverware, fabricated metal products, nonelectric machinery, textiles, primary metals. Mining-sand and gravel, stone. Statehood: May 29, 1790, the 13th state. The contributors of this article are William D. Met:;,, Professor of History, Emeritus, at the University of Rhode Island; State Abbreviations: R.I. (traditional); RI (postal). hhn J. Monaghan, Jr., Managing Editor of the Providence Eve- State Motto: Hope. ning Bulletin; and Marion I. Wright, Professor of Geography at State Song: "Rhode Island." Words and music by Rhode Island College. T. Clarke Brown. 279 Page 2 of 112 This document is from the collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansas http://dolearchives.ku.edu RHODE ISLAND/Government Constitution of Rhode Island was adopted in 1842. sion of reapportionment in Rhode Island, see T he Mid- It became effective on May 2, 1843. Until then, a royal 1900's section of this article. English charter of 1663 served as Rhode Island's con- Courts. The Supreme Court of Rhode Island has a stitution. An amendment (change) to the state Constitu- chief justice and four associate justices. The General tion may be proposed by the Rhode Island legislature Assembly elects the justices to life terms. The Assem- or by a constitutional convention. To become law, bly chooses a chief justice from among the associate amendments proposed in the legislature need the ap- justices. proval of a majority of the legislators twice-once before Other Rhode Island courts include a district court, a and once after an election. The amendments are then family court, and a superior court. The district court has submitted to the people in a regular election. Three- a chief judge and 12 associate judges. The family court fifths of those voting must approve the amendments. has 11 judges, including a chief judge. The superior To call a constitutional convention, a majority vote court has a presiding justice and 18 associate justices. by the legislators and voters is needed. Amendments The governor, with the consent of the Senate, appoints proposed by a constitutional convention require the district, family, and superior court judges to life terms. approval of a majority of the voters in a regular election. Rhode ISiand also has about 40 probate judges. City Executive. The governor of Rhode Island holds office and town councils appoint these judges. for two years and may be reelected any number of Local Government. Rhode Island and Connecticut times. The governor receives a yearly salary of $49,500. are the only states that have no county governments. The state has no official residence for its governor. Five of Rhode Island's 8 cities and 10 of its 31 towns For a list of all the governors of Rhode Island, see the have home rule. That is, they can write and amend their History section of this article. Rhode Island voters also charters without permission from the legislature. Rhode elect the lieutenant governor, attorney general, secre- Island towns are similar to townships in other states. tary of state, and state treasurer to two-year tenns. The They are geographic districts that may include rural governor, with the state senate's approval, appoints areas and several unincorporated villages under one gov- most other key executive officials. These officials in- ernment. clude the directors of administration, business regula- Most large Rhode Island cities have the mayor-coun- tion, employment security, health, labor, natural re- cil form of government. These cities include Central sources, public works, and social welfare. Falls, Cranston, Pawtucket, Providence, Warwick, and Legislature of Rhode Island is called the General As- Woonsocket. East Providence and Newport use the sembly. It consists of a 50-member Senate and a 100- council-manager form of government. member House of Representatives. Voters in each of The town meeting is the most common form of gov- Rhode Island's 50 senatorial districts elect one senator. ernment in Rhode Island towns. Dating from colonial Voters in each of the state's 100 representative districts days, the town meeting is one of the purest examples of elect one representative. Senators and representatives democracy. Voters at annual town meetings participate serve two-year tenns. directly in governmental decisions. They elect officials, The legislature meets annually, beginning on the approve budgets, pass laws, and decide other business. first Tuesday of January. Regular and special legis- Revenue. Taxation provides about three-fourths of lative sessions have no time limit. the state government's general revenue (income). Almost In 1966, the legislature reapportioned (redivided) the all the rest comes from federal grants and other U.S. gov· Senate and the House of Representatives. For a discus- ernment programs. Sales and gross receipts taxes bring Old Colony House in New- port was built in 1739. On May 4, 1776, colonists stood on the balcony to announce Rhode Island's independence from Great Britain. The build- ing served as a hospital for French and for British forces during the Revolutionary War. Then, from 1790 to 1900, it was a meeting place for Rhode Island's General Assembly. Page 3 of 112 This document is from the collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansas http://dolearchives.ku.edu The State Seal Symbols of Rhode Island. On the seal, the state matte, Hope, is pr;nted above an anchor, a symbol of hope. The date is the year Ro9er Williams founded Providence, the state's first permanent wh ite se ttlement. The seal was adopted in 1875.