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Azərbaycanın Su Ehtiyatlarının İmanov F.Ә., Әlәkbәrov A.B. AZƏRBAYCANIN SU EHTİYATLARININ MÜASİR DƏYİŞMƏLƏRİ VƏ İNTEQRASİYALI İDARƏ EDİLMƏSİ Monoqrafiya “Azərsu” ASC-nin “Sukanal” Elmi-tədqiqat və Layihə İnstitutunun Elmi Texniki Şurasının 1 saylı 31 yanvar 2017-ci il tarixli və Bakı Dövlət Universitetinin Coğrafiya Fakültəsi Elmi Şurasının 1 saylı 8 fevral 2017-ci il tarixli və qərarı ilə çap olunur. Bakı – Mütərcim – 2017 UOT 551.48 Rәyçilәr: c.e.d., prof. MAHMUDOV R.N., Azәrbaycan Respublikası Ekologiya vә Tәbii Sәrvәtlәr Nazirliyinin Hidrometeorologiya ETİ g.-m.e.d. İSRAFİLOV Y.H., AMEA-nın Geologiya vә Geofizika İnstitutu İmanov F.Ə., Ələkbərov A.B. AZƏRBAYCANIN SU EHTİYATLARININ MÜASİR DƏYİŞMƏLƏRİ VƏ İNTEQRASİYALI İDARƏ EDİLMƏSİ. – Bakı: Mütərcim, 2017. – 3 s . Monoqrafiya Azərbaycan52 Respublikasınınəh yerüstü və yeraltı su ehtiyatlarının kə- miyyət və keyfiyyət göstəricilərinin təhlilinə, ehtiyatlarına, istifadəsinə, müasir də- yişmələrinə həsr olunmuşdur. Göstərilmişdir ki, hazırda ölkənin transsərhəd çayla- rının sularından qonşu ölkələrdə də geniş istifadə edilir və onlar Azərbaycan ərazi- sinə çirkləndirilmiş vəziyyətdə daxil olur. Monoqrafiyada su ehtiyatlarının idarəçi- liyində inteqrasiyalı yanaşmanın effektivliyi şərh edilir. Kitabda Azərbaycanın su ehtiyatlarının inteqrasiyalı idarə edilməsi üzrə Milli Fəaliyyət Planı, daşqınların idarə edilməsi, iqlim dəyişmələrinin su ehtiyatlarına təsiri, bir sıra digər məsələlər haqqında da məlumat verilmişdir. Monoqrafiya ”Hidrometeorologiya”, “Hidrogeologiya”, “Su təsərrüfatı”, “Hidro- texnika”, “Ekologiya“ ixtisasları üzrə təhsil alan Universitet tələbələri, magistrant və doktorantlar, həmçinin su mütəxəssisləri üçün faydalı ola bilər. ISBN 978-9952–28-332–7 © Azərsu, 2017 və inteqrasiyal¯ idarə edilməsi 5 MÜNDƏRİCAT ÖN SÖZ ................................................................................................................................................ 9 GİRİŞ ................................................................................................................................................. 11 I H İ S S Ə SU EHTİYATLARI VƏ ONLARIN MÜASİR DƏYİŞMƏLƏRİ 1. BƏRPA OLUNAN SU EHTİYATLARININ SOSİAL-İQTİSADİ İNKİŞAFDA ROLU, HİDROLOGİYANIN VƏ HİDROGEOLOGİYANIN MÜASİR PROBLEMLƏRİ .................................. 13 1.1. BƏRPA OLUNAN SU EHTİYATLARININ SOSİAL-İQTİSADİ İNKİŞAFDA ROLU ...................... 13 1.2. HİDROLOGİYANIN MÜASİR PROBLEMLƏRİ ........................................................................................ 19 1.3. HİDROGEOLOGİYANIN MÜASİR PROBLEMLƏRİ ............................................................................... 25 Ədəbiyyat ........................................................................................................................................... 30 2. AZƏRBAYCAN RESPUBLİKASININ FİZİKİ-COĞRAFİ ŞƏRAİTİ VƏ GEOLOJİ QURULUŞU .......................................................................................................................... 2.1. COĞRAFİ MÖVQE VƏ OROQRAFİYA ........................................................................................................ 33 33 2.2. GEOLOJİ QURULUŞ ......................................................................................................................................... 34 2.1.1. Stratiqrafiya və litologiya ................................................................................................. 34 2.2.2. Tektonika ................................................................................................................................ 43 2.3. GEOMORFOLOGİYA ........................................................................................................................................ 46 2.4. İQLİM .................................................................................................................................................................... 51 2.5. HİDROQRAFİYA ............................................................................................................................................... 54 2.6. TORPAQ ÖRTÜYÜ ............................................................................................................................................ 56 Ədəbiyyat ........................................................................................................................................... 57 3. YERÜSTÜ SU EHTİYATLARI ............................................................................................................... 59 3.1. HİDROLOJİ MÜŞAHİDƏ MƏNTƏQƏLƏRİ ŞƏBƏKƏSİ ........................................................................ 59 3.2. YERÜSTÜ SU EHTİYATLARININ QİYMƏTLƏNDİRMƏ METODOLOGİYASI ............................. 63 3.3. YERÜSTÜ SU EHTİYATLARININ İLLİK QİYMƏTLƏRİNİN HESABLANMA METODU .......... 67 3.4. YERÜSTÜ SU EHTİYATLARININ QİYMƏTLƏNDİRİLMƏSİ ............................................................. 73 3.5. YERÜSTÜ SU EHTİYATLARININ ÇOXİLLİK TƏRƏDDÜDLƏRİ ...................................................... 77 3.5.1. İllik axım sıralarının stasionarlığının analizi ........................................................... 77 3.5.2. İllik axım sıralarının xətti trend analizi ..................................................................... 77 Ədəbiyyat .......................................................................................................................................... 80 6 Azərbaycan¯n su ehtiyatlar¯n¯n m³asir dəyi¼mələri 4. YERÜSTÜ SU EHTİYATLARININ MÜASİR DƏYİŞMƏLƏRİ ......................................................... 83 4.1. YERÜSTÜ SU EHTİYATLARININ ANTROPOGEN DƏYİŞMƏLƏRİ................................................. 83 4.1.1. Kür çayının illik axımının təbii və antropogen transformasiyası ................... 87 4.1.2. Araz çayının illik axımının təbii və antropogen transformasiyası ................. 96 4.1.3. Samur və Qanıx çaylarının axımının dəyişməsi .................................................. 103 4.2. ÇAYLARIN AYLIQ VƏ MÖVSÜMİ AXIMININ MÜASİR DƏYİŞMƏLƏRİ .................................... 110 4.3. KİÇİK QAFQAZIN TRANSSƏRHƏD ÇAYLARININ AXIMININ MÜASİR DƏYİŞMƏLƏRİ ..... 118 4.4. İQLİM DƏYİŞMƏLƏRİ VƏ ONLARIN ÇAY AXIMINA TƏSİRİ ........................................................ 123 Ədəbiyyat ........................................................................................................................................ 130 5.YERÜSTÜ SULARIN KEYFİYYƏTİ ..................................................................................................... 137 Ədəbiyyat ....................................................................................................................................... 144 6. HİDROGEOLOJİ ŞƏRAİT VƏ YERALTI SU EHTİYATLARI ......................................................... 146 6.1. YERALTI SU HÖVZƏLƏRİ .......................................................................................................................... 146 6.2. YERALTI SU KOMPLEKSLƏRİ ................................................................................................................. 149 6.2.1. Böyük Qafqaz dağ-qırışıqlıq zonasının yeraltı suları ........................................ 149 6.2.2. Kiçik Qafqaz dağ-qırışıqlıq zonasının və Dağlıq Talışın yeraltı suları ....... 152 6.2.3. Dağətəyi və dağarası düzənliklərin yeraltı suları ............................................... 154 6.2.4. Dağətəyi və dağarası düzənliklərin məsamə-lay suları hövzələrinin hidrodinamik şəraiti .................................................................................................................... 155 6.3. YERALTI SULARIN YARANMA, TRANZİT VƏ BOŞALMA ŞƏRAİTİ ........................................... 162 6.4. YERALTI SULARIN QİDALANMA MƏNBƏLƏRİ ............................................................................... 162 6.5. YERALTI SULARIN MONİTORİNQİ ....................................................................................................... 164 6.6. YERALTI SU EHTİYATLARININ QİYMƏTLƏNDİRMƏ METODLARI ........................................ 165 6.6.1. Yeraltı suların istismar ehtiyatlarının hesablanmasının əsas prinsipləri ............................................................................................................................... 168 6.6.2. Yeraltı suların istismar ehtiyatlarının hesablanmasının hidrodinamik metodu ................................................................................................................. 171 6.6.3. Yeraltı suların istismar ehtiyatlarının hesablanmasının hidravlik metodu .............. 176 6.6.4. Yeraltı suların istismar ehtiyatlarının hesablanmasının balans metodu ................................................................................................................................ 178 6.6.5. Yeraltı suların istismar ehtiyatlarının hesablanmasının hidrogeoloji analogiya metodu ............................................................................................... 180 6.7. YERALTI SULARIN QİYMƏTLƏNDİRİLMİŞ İSTİSMAR EHTİYATLARI ................................... 182 6.8. TRANSSƏRHƏD YERALTI SU OBYEKTLƏRİ ...................................................................................... 186 Ədəbiyyat ........................................................................................................................................ 187 və inteqrasiyal¯ idarə edilməsi 7 7. YERALTI SULARIN KEYFİYYƏTİ ....................................................................................................
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