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@ @ ) Pistacia Atlantica ( 67 ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي زاﮔﺮس / ﺳﺎل ﺳﻮم / ﺷﻤﺎره دوم / 1395 ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك روﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﺑﻨﻪ ( Pistacia atlantica ) اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ﻧﺠﺎﺑﺖ * ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪرﺿﺎ ﻧﮕﻬﺪار ﺻﺎﺑﺮ ا ﺳﺘﺎد ﻳﺎر ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت و آﻣﻮزش ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻓﺎرس ، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﻳﺞ ﻛﺸﺎورزي، وزارت ﺟﻬﺎد ﻛﺸﺎورزي * ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل : m.nejabat@areo.ir درﻳﺎﻓﺖ : 19/02/ 1395 ﭘﺬﻳﺮش : 11/26/ 1395 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: آﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﻛﻲ روﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﭘﺴﺘﻪ وﺣﺸﻲ ( ﺑﻨﻪ ) اﻣﺮي ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ آن و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ زاﮔﺮس اﺳﺖ . ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻛﺸﻨ ﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﮔﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻨﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﻴﺪ . ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: ﻣﺒﻨﺎي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس روش ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﻮد. ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﻨﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس، ﺷﺒﻜﻪ آﻣﺎرﺑﺮداري ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد 20×20 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ آن اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﺤﻞ رﺋﻮس ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳ ﻲ ﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ . ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: اﻳﻦ روﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در اراﺿﻲ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ و ﺗﭙﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻮري ﭘﺮﺷﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﺮون زدﮔﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ، ﺳﻨﮓ و ﻗﻠﻮه ﺳﻨﮓ زﻳﺎد و ﻋﻤﻖ ﺧﺎك ﻛﻢ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ آﺑﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺎ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻨﺪ . ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ 11 وﻳﮋﮔﻲ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ و ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻛﻢ ﺧﺎك و ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺳﺒﻚ اﻛﺜﺮ ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮيﺷﺪه، ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪودﻛﻨﻨﺪه رﺷﺪ اﺳﺖ . اﻣﻜﺎن ذﺧﻴﺮه رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ( ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺑﺎران ) در اﻳﻦ اراﺿﻲ ﻛﻢ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺬر از دور ه ﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ ﺳﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺎد ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ( ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﺎران) را ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣ ﻲ ﺳﺎزد . ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس روشﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ ( PCA) و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي ( CA ) ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣ ﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات و ﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك ﺣﺘﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪود 40 % اﻓﺘﺮاق در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه، ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ وﻳﮋ ه اي ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻀﻮر ﺑﻨﻪ در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﺪ. از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ Pistacia atlantica ﻳﻚ ﮔﻴﺎه ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎً ﺧﺸﻜ ﻲ ﭘﺴﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ . ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (زﻧﺪ هﻣﺎﻧﻲ ) در داﻣﻨﻪ وﺳﻴﻌﻲ از ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﻛﻲ، ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻴﺖ آن ﺑﺮاي اﺣﻴﺎء ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎي زاﮔﺮس را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣ ﻲ دﻫﺪ. ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي: ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ اراﺿﻲ ( ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﻲ ) و ﭼﺮا، ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت آﺑﺨﻴﺰداري ﺑﺎ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﺧﺎك ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، ﻣ ﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ روﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﺑﻨﻪ، ﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺣﻔﻆ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي زاﮔﺮس ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. واژ ه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي : ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ، ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ، ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ و ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﺎك، ﺧﺸﻚ ﺳﺎﻟﻲ، زاﮔﺮس ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﺘﺠﺎوز ﺑـﻮده و ﮔﻮﻧـ ﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺑـﻮﻣﻲ زﻳـﺎدي در آن دﻳـﺪه ﻣﻨﻄﻘــﻪ روﻳﺸــﻲ زاﮔــﺮس ﺑــﺎ وﺳــﻌﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒــﻲ ﻣ ﻲ ﺷﻮد ( ﺛﺎﺑﺘﻲ، 1372 ). ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ وﺣﺸﻲ ( Pistacia 3362000 ﻫﻜﺘﺎر، ﭼﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻤﻲ و ﭼﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ، atlantica ) ﻳﻜــﻲ از ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺳــﻄﻮح ﺟﻨﮕﻠــﻲ اﻳــﻦ دوﻣﻴﻦ روﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﺟﻨﮕﻠـ ﻲ ﻣﻬـ ﻢ ﻛﺸـﻮ ر (ﺑﻌـﺪ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘـ ﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده و از ارﺗﻔـﺎع 1000 ﺗـﺎ ﺷﻤﺎل ) ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣ ﻲﺷﻮد. اﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ از اﺳـﺘﺎن 2300 ﻣﺘﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ درﻳﺎ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش دارد . ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺷﺮوع و ﺗـ ﺎ اﺳـﺘﺎن ﻓـﺎرس اداﻣـﻪ ﭘﻴـﺪا ﻣﻨﻄﻘــﻪ در اﺛــﺮ دﺧــﻞ و ﺗﺼــﺮف ﻫــﺎي زﻳــﺎد ﻧﺎﺷــﻲ از ﻣ ﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ . ﺗﻌﺪاد درﺧﺘﺎن و درﺧﺘﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي آن از 200 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﻫﺎي ﺑﻲ روﻳﻪ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﻲ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ 68 ﻧﺠﺎﺑﺖ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪار ﺻﺎﺑﺮ : ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك روﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﺑﻨﻪ ... ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺒــﻲ ﺑﺴــﻴﺎر ﻧﮕــﺮان ﻛﻨﻨــﺪه اي دارد ( ﻋﻠــﻲ اوﻻد و ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﭙﻪ اي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪ ه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻫﻤﻜﺎران، 1386 .) اﺳـﺘﺎن ﻓـﺎرس ﺑـ ﻪﻋﻨـﻮا ن ﺑﺨﺸـﻲ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ در اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻨﻪ اﺳﺖ ( ﺻﻔﺮي و رﺷــﺘﻪ ﻛــﻮهﻫــﺎي زاﮔــﺮس (زاﮔــﺮس ﺟﻨــﻮﺑﻲ)، ﻳﻜــﻲ از ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ، 1389) . رو ﻳﺸــﮕﺎه ﻫــﺎي اﺻــﻠﻲ ﺑﻨــﻪ در ﻛﺸــﻮر اﺳــ ﺖ . ﺗﻨــﻮع ﺑﺮرﺳ ﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻧﮕﻬﺪار ﺻﺎﺑﺮ و ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻲ ( 1391 ) در روﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺴﺘﻪ وﺣﺸﻲ در اﺳـﺘ ﺎن ﻓـﺎرس اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس و زﻧﮕﻨﻪ ( 1380 ) در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻗﻼﺟ ﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر زﻳﺎد اﺳﺖ و اﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑﻪ وﻳﮋه ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗـﺄﺛ ﻴﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ در ﺷﻴﺐ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ و اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ، ﺧﺎﻛﻲ و ژﺋﻮﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟـﻮژ ي اﺳـﺖ ، ﺑـﻪ ﻧﺤـﻮي ﻛـﻪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ روﻳﺶ ﺑﻨﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ﺷﻴ ﺐ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﻮده ﺑــﻴﺶ از 40 ﺗﺮﻛﻴــﺐ روﻳﺸــﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ در ﺧﺼــﻮص اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺴﺘﻪ وﺣﺸﻲ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ داده ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺎك در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي زاﮔﺮس، در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﻴﭗ ﻋﻤـﺪ ه ﻛـﻴﻜ ﻢ - ﺑﻨـ ﻪ، ﺗﻴـﭗ ﺑـﺎدا م - ﭘﺴـﺘﻪ ﺗﻴﭗ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﮕﻦ و وﺣﺸﻲ، ﺗﻴﭗ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ وﺣﺸﻲ و ﺗﻴ ﭗ ﺑﻠﻮط - ﺑﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺧﺎك ﺗﻌﻴﻴ ﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ( ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﺻﺎﺑﺮ و ﻓﺘﺎﺣﻲ، 1380 .) ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ و ﻧﻮع ﺧﺎك ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﺳﺖ روﻳ ﺸﮕﺎه ﻫـ ﺎي ﺑﻨـﻪ در دو ﺳـﻮ م ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰي و ( ﻛﺎردﮔﺮ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران، 1390 .) ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﺳـﺘﺎن ﻓـﺎرس ﭘﺮاﻛﻨـﺪﮔﻲ داﺷـﺘﻪ و ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻً در ﺑ ﻪو ﻳﮋه ﺑﻨﻪ و ﺑﻠﻮط، ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻻزم ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺧﺸﻚ ﺳـﺮد، ﺧﺸـﻚ ﺑﻴﺎﺑـﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﺘـﺪل و ﺗﺄﺛ ﻴﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ و ﻧﻤﻮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ را اﻟﺰاﻣﻲ ﻧﻴﻤــ ﻪﺧﺸــﻚ ﻣﻌﺘــﺪل ﻣﺸــﺎﻫﺪه ﻣــﻲﺷــﻮﻧﺪ . ﭘــﺎره اي از ﻣ ﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ . ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي ﺻﺎﻟﺤﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ( 1384) و وﻳﮋﮔ ﻲﻫﺎي زﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ز اﮔﺮس ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﻮدي و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ( 1384) ﻛﻪ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨ ﻲ داري ﺣﻀﻮر ﺳﺎزﻧﺪﻫﺎي آﻫﻜﻲ (ﺑﻪ وﻳـ ﮋه آﺳـﻤﺎر ي ) اﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي اﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ درﺧﺘﺎن و ﮔﺮوه ﺑﻨﺪي ﺧﺎكﻫﺎ رﺧﺴﺎره ﻫﺎي وﻳـﮋه رﺳـﻮﺑﻲ در آن اﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪه اﺳـ ﺖ وﺟﻮد دارد . ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺻﺎﻟﺤﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ( اﻣﻴﺮي، 1378 ). ( 1390 ) ﻧﻴﺰ ﺣﺎﻛﻲ از ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ و ﮔﻮﻧـــﻪﻫـــﺎي ﭘﺴـــﺘﻪ وﺣﺸـــﻲ، ﺑﻨـــﻪ ( atlantica ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻤﻲ درﺧﺘﺎن ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ Pistacia) و ﻛﻠﺨﻮﻧـــــﮓ ( Pistica khinjuk) ، از زاﮔﺮس اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺧﺎك و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﭘﺴﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ روﻳﺸـﻲ اﻳـﺮان و ﺗـﻮراﻧﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻤﻲ درﺧﺘﺎن از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ درﺻﺪ ﺗﺎج ﭘﻮﺷﺶ، اﺳﺖ . ﻛﻤﻲ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﺎران و ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺑـﻮدن ﻓﺼـﻞ ﺧﺸـﻚ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮﺳﻴﻨﻪ و ارﺗﻔﺎع درﺧﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ آﻟﻲ، ﻓﺴﻔﺮ و ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً اﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴـﻪ را از ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﻧـﻮاﺣ ﻲ زاﮔـﺮ س ﻣﺘﻤـ ﺎﻳﺰ ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن ﺧﺎك ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ C/N و ﻣ ﻲ ﺳﺎزد . از ﻧﻈـﺮ اﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳـﻚ P. atlantica ﻳـﻚ ﮔﻴـﺎه ﺟﺮم ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﻇﺎﻫﺮي ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ دارد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎً ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﭘﺴﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ . در ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮب آﺳـﻴﺎ اﻳـﻦ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي اﺻﻮﻟﻲ اﺣﻴﺎء اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻳـﻚ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﭼﻴـﺮه، ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﻋﻤـﺪه اﺧﺬ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﭘﺎﻳﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم از اﻳﻦ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌ ﻲ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﻚ را ﺗﺸـﻜﻴﻞ داده و در اراﺿـﻲ ﺟﻨﮕﻠـﻲ دارد . ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك ( ﺑﺴﺘﺮ رو ﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﻨﻪ ) ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺒﻪ ﺳـﺎوان ﻣـ ﻲﺷـﻮد و ﺣﺘـﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺣﻀﻮر ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻨﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس و ﺧﺸﻚ ﺗﺮ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﺑـﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﻧﻔـﻮذ ﻣـ ﻲﻛﻨـ ﺪ . در ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪودﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺧﺎﻛﻲ، از اﻫﺪاف اﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧـــﻪ اي P. atlantica ﻏﺎﻟﺒـــﺎً ﻣـــﺮز ﺣﺎﺷـــﻴﻪ اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺨﺶ اﺟﺮا در ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ رﺳﺘﻨﻲ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧـ ﻪ اي ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻤ ﺖ ﺑﻴﺎﺑـﺎن را اﺷـﻐﺎل ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺸﺖ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣ ﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ( Zohary, 1996 ). را ﺑﺎ دﻗﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ . ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﮕﻮي ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻨﻪ در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي زاﮔﺮس از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ اي اﺑﺮﻫﺎرت و ﻫﻴﻨﺰ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه و اﻟﮕﻮي ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ 69 ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي زاﮔﺮس / ﺳﺎل ﺳﻮم / ﺷﻤﺎره دوم / 1395 ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺧﺎك ( درﺻﺪ ذرات ﺷﻦ، ﻻي و رس ) ﺑﻪ روش اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺮ Gee 124000 و Bauder (1986 ) ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ . ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛ ﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ در ﻃﻮل ﺷﺮﻗﻲ`37 و ْ 50 ﺗﺎ´ 40 و ْ 55، درﺻﺪ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ آﻟﻲ و ﻣﺎده آﻟﻲ ﺧﺎك از روش ﻋﺮض ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ´7 و 27 ﺗﺎ´45 و ْ 31 و ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻛﺴﻴﺪاﺳﻴﻮن دي ﻛﺮوﻣﺎت اﺳﺘ ﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ ( & Nelson 1491 ﻣﺘﺮي از ﺳﻄﺢ درﻳﺎ در ﺟﻨﻮب اﻳﺮان ﻗﺮار دارد Somners, 1996 ) . اﺳﻴﺪﻳﺘﻪ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺎ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه pH ﻣﺘﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ اﻋﻈﻢ آن را ﻓﻼت ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ و ﺗﭙﻪاي زاﮔﺮس در ﮔﻞ اﺷﺒﺎع، درﺻﺪ اﺷﺒﺎع ﺧﺎك از آب ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ و ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ روﻳ ﺸﻲ اﻳﺮان و ﺗﻮراﻧﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد . ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮدن ﮔﻞ اﺷﺒﺎع ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه در آون و ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﺑ ﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ( EC ) ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎ در ﻋﺼﺎره ي اﺷﺒﺎع آن ﻫﺎ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻨﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس اﺑﺘﺪا ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺑ ﻪ وﺳ ﻴﻠﻪ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﺳﻨﺞ و ﺑﻪ روش Rhoades ﺑﻨﻪ ( ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ) در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ( 1996) ا ﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي و ﮔ ﺰارش ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ . ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اداره ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ و آﺑﺨﻴﺰداري ﻓﺎرس ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ و ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻮم در ﻋﺼﺎره ي ﮔﻞ اﺷﺒﺎع ﺑﻪ روش ( ﻣﻘﻴﺎس 1:250000) ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪ. ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ي ﺗﻴﺘﺮاﺳﻴﻮن ﺑﺎ EDTA 0.02 N ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﻴﺪ . ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻨ ﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس ﺑﻴﺶ از Sumners, 1996) 120.000) درﺻﺪ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻌﺎدل و ﻫﻜﺘﺎر ( 10 % ﺳﻄﺢ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس ) اﺳﺖ . ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﻲ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ روش ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﺳﺎزي اﺳﻴﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ از روش ﺷــﺒﻜﻪ آﻣــﺎرﺑﺮداري ﺗﺼــﺎدﻓﻲ ﺷﺪ (Leoppert & Suarez, 1996) . ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ( ﺑﺎ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ 20× 20 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ داده ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ از ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸـﮕ ﺎﻫﻲ ﺧـﺎك ﺑـﺎ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎت UTM ) ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ رو ﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﺑﻨﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻـﻠﻲ (PCA) ﻛـﻪ ( ﺷﻜﻞ 1 ) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ . در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ ﭘﺲ از ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﻣـﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ، ﻋﺮﺻﻪاي ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ 2000 آن ﻫﺎ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪي را ﺑـﻪ اﻧﺠـﺎم رﺳـﺎﻧﺪ ﻣـﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﻳـﻪ و ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﻳﺪه ﺷﺪ. اراﺿﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ، از ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ( ﻣﺼﺪاﻗﻲ، 1380). ﻧﻈﺮ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ، ﺗﻴﭗ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ، ﺧﺎﻛﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ و ژﺋﻮﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﻧﻘﺸﻪ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اراﺿﻲ1 و واﺣﺪﻫﺎي اراﺿﻲ2 ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات ﺻﺤﺮاﻳﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس روش ﻫﺎي ار اﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ Brown ( Chapman ،(1999 و Atkinson ( 2007 ) در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﻪ اﻧﺪاز درﺧﺘﺎن ﺑﻨﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، 6 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﺎك ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ 30 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻛﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﺧﺬ و ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﺮدن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ي ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻳﺎﻓﺖ .
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