Między Trendem a Tradycją. Kulturowe Oblicza Seriali

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Między Trendem a Tradycją. Kulturowe Oblicza Seriali MIĘDZY TRENDEM A TRADYCJĄ. KULTUROWE OBLICZA SERIALI Lublin 2015 Redaktorzy techniczni: (według układu rozdziałów) * Karolina Namiota Monika Sikora Barbara Zając Sylwia Rudzka ** Barbara Zając Patrycja Iwan *** Karolina Namiota Sylwia Rudzka Barbara Zając Aleksandra Duluk Monika Sikora **** Aleksandra Gajowiak Beata Stokłosa Redaktorzy: Barbara Panek Agnieszka Wójtowicz ISBN: 978-83-61674-05-4 Lublin 2015 Projekt okładki i strony tytułowej: Rafał Graboś Skład i łamanie: Barbara Panek Wydawca: Firma Handlowo Usługowa „PANDORA” Anna Panek 39-442 Chmielów 447 tel. 015 846 12 75 e-mail: [email protected] Spis treści Wstęp ................................................................................................................................................... 6 * Katarzyna Muszyńska MUSISZ TO OBEJRZEĆ! Analiza funkcjonowania oraz oddziaływania seryjności i serialu telewizyjnego w kulturze popularnej...................................................................................... 8 Katarzyna Lutka Antologia: stara/nowa forma serialu: czyli ile twarzy może mieć bohater ....................................... 21 Jakub Kłeczek Czy ten bohater powinien umrzeć? Koncepcja serialu „interaktywnego” na podstawie serii gier Dreamfall: Chapters ..................................................................................... 32 Agnieszka Smoręda Internetowy serial telewizyjny. Netflix i jego konkurenci, a tradycyjna telewizja ............................. 45 Jacek Mikucki Paradokumentalizacja seriali ............................................................................................................ 56 Alicja Żardecka Zjawisko tabloidyzacji polskich paradokumentów ˗ analiza przekazu, a także charakterystyka jego odbiorców ............................................................................................ 68 ** Julita Chmielewska Spotkajmy się w „Domu” – rzecz o serialu, który stał się obrazem Polaków i Polski ...................... 79 Marta Cebera „Miećka, chodź no tu ze ścierą” – Roman Wilhelmi jako diabelski Anioł z serialu „Alternatywy 4” ................................................................................................................. 88 Jakub Gawkowski Dobry glina, zły glina i W11 ............................................................................................................ 101 *** Grzegorz Zyzik Bazinga! Rozważania o nerdach i geekach ...................................................................................... 112 Dawid Łucarz Świat (bez) kobiet – „Top of the Lake” Jane Campion .................................................................... 123 Daniel Szymański i Mateusz Pawelec Studium psychologiczne człowieka w brutalnym wymiarze apokalipsy na podstawie „The Walking Dead” ................................................................................................. 134 Damian Zubik On, ona i „Mroczny Pasażer”. Kobiety w życiu Dextera ................................................................. 139 Mateusz Pijarski Seriale medyczne. Ich tradycja i miejsce w światowej kinematografii. ........................................... 144 Marta Kaprzyk Nowojorskie opowieści. „The Knick” Stevena Soderbergha jako serial medyczno-historyczny? .................................................................................................. 149 Amelia Wichowicz Pornografia brzydoty – cyrk dziwolągów w serialu „Carnivàle” i „American Horror Story: Freak Show”. ....................................................................................... 160 **** Rafał Sowiński Zarys refleksji nad relacjami twórca-fan oraz kulturą geekowską na przykładzie serialu animowanego „Pora na przygodę” ................................................................................................. 171 Ewelina Justyna Krzykała Utopia w animacji japońskiej na przykładzie „Death Note”, „Psycho Pass” i „Shiki” ................ 181 Tomasz Rożkiewicz „»Firefly« nie skończy się nigdy” – fenomen kultowego serialu ..................................................... 191 Kinga Panasiuk-Garbacz "Herkules" jako serialowy fenomen kina amerykańskiego .............................................................. 199 Rafał Kołsut Jak peleryna nietoperza przetarła szlak – „Batman: The Animated Series” jako prekursor seriali nowej generacji ............................................................................................ 213 KULTUROWE OBLICZA SERIALI Prezentowane w niniejszym tomie teksty stanowią pokłosie Ogólnopolskiej Studencko-Doktoranckiej Konferencji Naukowej „Między trendem a tradycją. Kulturowe oblicza seriali”. Zgromadzone szkice zarysowują możliwie pogłębioną refleksję nad szeroko pojmowaną kulturą seriali. Obszar poszukiwań badawczych, który interesował nas szczególnie, to „stare” i „nowe” formy seriali - ich tradycja i współczesna odsłona. W swoich tekstach autorzy zwrócili uwagę nie tylko na współczesne medialne fenomeny (seriale paradokumentalne, telewizyjne tabloidy, seriale internetowe i „interaktywne” oraz seryjność seriali), ale również na klasyczne już produkcje „kultowe”, które szczególnie zapisały się w historii telewizyjnego medium i we wdzięcznej pamięci widzów. Agnieszka Wójtowicz * Katarzyna Muszyńska MUSISZ TO OBEJRZEĆ! Analiza funkcjonowania oraz oddziaływania seryjności i serialu telewizyjnego w kulturze popularnej Seriale oglądają dziś wszyscy, bez względu na wiek, płeć czy wykształcenie. Jest to jedno z najbardziej inkluzywnych i egalitarnych doświadczeń współczesnej kultury popularnej. O serialach można porozmawiać właściwie zawsze i wszędzie, z równą siłą rozpalają zwykłe towarzyskie spotkanie i naukową konferencję. Poruszają najróżniejszą tematykę, sięgają po wszystkie możliwe konteksty i odniesienia. Stały się czymś w rodzaju podstawowej tkanki kultury popularnej, czymś wszechobecnym i wszechogarniającym. Dlatego właśnie serial jest uważany za niezwykły fenomen. Przyczyny i skutki tak ogromnej popularności śledzą badacze wielu dziedzin naukowych, powstaje ogromna liczba publikacji i artykułów próbujących skonceptualizować i zrozumieć ten gatunek audiowizualny, prześledzić jego historię i oddziaływanie społeczne. W niniejszej pracy chciałabym przyjrzeć się nowoczesnemu serialowi w kontekście seryjności i poprzez nią. Chciałabym prześledzić, jak seryjność i jej doskonałe ucieleśnienie – serial – funkcjonują w kulturze, jaką tematykę podejmują, co decyduje o ich popularności i z jakimi praktykami odbioru i uczestnictwa się łączą. Moje wnioski oprę głównie na analizie czterech tytułów – Sherlock, Jak poznałem waszą matkę (How I Met Your Mother) 1 , W garniturach (Suits) i Pamiętniki wampirów (The Vampire Diaries). Są to seriale stosunkowo nowe, o których nie ma rozległej literatury i które reprezentują wydzielone przeze mnie typy realizowania idei seryjności. Często będę się odwoływać także do innych produkcji2. Czym jest dziś serial? Serial nie jest nowym wytworem kultury, jednak dopiero ostatnie lata przyniosły jego niezwykłą popularność oraz, co dość istotne, społeczną nobilitację. Gatunek ten ulegał silnym i znaczącym przemianom, a także przewartościowaniom, przeszedł od etapu nisko cenionej 1 W dalszej analizie będę używała skrótu HIMYM. 2 Pełna serialografia znajduje się na końcu pracy. 8 i niewymagającej zaangażowania rozrywki przeznaczonej głównie dla niepracujących zawodowo kobiet do „obiektu pewnej intelektualnej mody” 3 . To sprawia, że kategorie, charakterystyki i definicje tej formy telewizyjnej przestają być aktualne i trzeba wypracować nowe metody i narzędzia do mówienia o tym zjawisku. W 2004 Wiesław Godzic wskazywał na problemy ze zdefiniowaniem jakiegokolwiek gatunku telewizyjnego – jest to zawsze dzieło płynne, nieczyste kategorialnie, niepodlegające jasnym i oczywistym klasyfikacjom. Opisał serial, jako „jeden z najważniejszych gatunków telewizyjnych”, będący „narracyjną formą telewizyjną, która prezentuje w sposób regularny epizody, zawierające symultanicznie rozgrywające się historie z udziałem stałej grupy bohaterów […]”4. Zwrócił uwagę na rolę powtórzeń i jednoczesne wprowadzenie różnić, jako cechę konstytuującą ten gatunek oraz na aktualność przedstawianych tematów. Podobne rozpoznania można znaleźć u Alicji Kisielewskiej: „Powtarzalność wątków, motywów, postaci stanowi przy tym zasadę formalną serialu [...]”5. Te definicje mogą stanowić dzisiaj jedynie szkielet nowoczesnego modelu serialu. Ukuto dla niego kilka terminów – serial 2.0, post-soap6 czy drama quality7. Jest to bardziej zjawisko kulturowe niż gatunek; zjawisko, które wyrosło z przemiany swojego medium – telewizji. Cechuje go niezwykła płynność, ciągła zmienność i przekraczanie granic oraz utartych kategoryzacji. Nie może być już telenowelą o wszystkim i o niczym, jego zakres tematyczny jest precyzyjnie określony. Przede wszystkim jest to jednak zjawisko wymagające zupełnie innych praktyk odbioru, nie jest już tłem codziennych zajęć, luźną i bezrefleksyjną rozrywką – wymaga skupienia, świadomego oglądania i przeżywania oraz, coraz częściej, aktywnego uczestnictwa. Seryjność, seria, serial Każdy, kto w życiu obejrzał od początku do końca chociaż jeden serial, wie, jak bardzo intrygujące jest to doświadczenie – zupełna niemożność oderwania się od przedstawianej historii i świata połączona z niepohamowaną potrzebą dalszego oglądania, dalszego ciągu. Człowiek zostaje pochłonięty, zupełnie traci poczucie rzeczywistości i jest w stanie oglądać odcinek za odcinkiem, dopóki tylko może. Jeżeli musi wyjść, zabiera serial 3 Post-soap. Nowa generacja seriali telewizyjnych
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