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Filipova Petra TESIS.Pdf UNIVERZITA PAVLA JOZEFA ŠAFÁRIKA V KOŠICIACH DOCTORAL THESIS 2017 GENDER IN CONTEMPORARY U.S. CULTURE. ASEXUALITY IN REPRESENTATION AND RECEPTION Petra Filipová 1 UNIVERZITA PAVLA JOZEFA ŠAFÁRIKA V. KOŠICIACH DOCTORAL THESIS 2017 Doctoral Programme in Modern Languages and Literatures (UIB) Doctoral Programme in British and American Studies (UPJS) GENDER IN CONTEMPORARY U.S. CULTURE. ASEXUALITY IN REPRESENTATION AND RECEPTION Petra Filipová Supervisors: Marta Fernández Morales, José Igor Prieto Arranz & Slávka Tomaščíková Doctor by the Universitat de les Illes Balears & Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach 2 PUBLICATIONS DERIVED FROM THE THESIS Filipová, Petra. “Black Masculinity vs. Jewish Masculinity in Malamud’s and Bellow’s Works.” Sučasnij Doslidženja z Inozemnoj Filologii 12 (2014): 294-300. Uzgorod: Uzgorodskij Nacionalnij Universitet. Filipová, Petra. “5 Reasons to Watch Vikings.” Rirca.es. 8 May 2015. Filipová, Petra. “5 Reasons to Watch Legends of Tomorrow.” Rirca.es. 18 March 2016. Filipová, Petra. “5 Reasons to Watch Lucifer.” Rirca.es. 31 Dec. 2016. Filipová, Petra. “Gender and Asexuality in Academic Sources.” Gender in Study: Stereotypes, Identities, Codes and Politics. Eds. De Montlibert, Christian, Daniela Radu, and Andreea Zamfira. Forthcoming. Filipová, Petra. “Representation of Asexuality in The Big Bang Theory.” New Americanists in Poland. Ed. Basiuk, Tomasz. Forthcoming. Filipová, Petra. “Women (and) Scientists: Modern Sexism in The Big Bang Theory.” Oceánide 9 (2017). Forthcoming. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Marta Fernández Morales, PhD., as well as to my co-supervisors, José Igor Prieto Arranz, PhD. and doc. Slávka Tomaščíková, PhD., for their tremendous patience, continuous support and indispensable help both with my PhD research and with the administrative matters regarding the double degree program. Conducting this research would not have been possible without their guidance and encouragement. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................6 RESUMEN.....................................................................................................................................7 RESUM..........................................................................................................................................8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................................9 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................10 CHAPTER 1: THE HISTORY OF (A)SEXOLOGY...........................................................................................................................17 1.1 17th through 20th Centuries..........................17 1.2 The 21st Century............................................25 CHAPTER 2: THE CURRENT DEBATES ABOUT ASEXUALITY AND MASCULINITY...........................................................................................................................37 2.1 Debates about Asexuality..............................37 2.2 Debates about Masculinity............................55 CHAPTER 3: ASEXUALITY IN THE US MEDIA.........................................................................................................................................72 3.1 Early Mentions..............................................72 3.3 Recent Media Coverage................................86 CHAPTER 4: THE BIG BANG THEORY..................................................................................110 4.1 ‘No Sissy Stuff‘............................................113 4.2 ‘Be a Big Wheel‘..........................................130 4.3 ‘Be a Sturdy Oak‘.........................................142 4.4 ‘Give ‘Em Hell‘............................................155 CHAPTER 5: DEXTER..............................................................................................................167 5.1 ‘No Sissy Stuff‘............................................175 5.2 ‘Be a Big Wheel‘..........................................194 5.3 ‘Be a Sturdy Oak‘.........................................203 5.4 ‘Give ‘Em Hell‘............................................218 CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................................225 WORKS CITED.........................................................................................................................229 5 ABSTRACT Since the beginning of the 21st century, asexuality has been a point of interest both for researchers and for the communities of people who have claimed this orientation. Having gained visibility in the past decade, some asexual characters have emerged on US television. Due to the relevance of fictional characters in popular culture as possible role models for the creation of people’s gender and sexual identities, it is necessary to examine the available representation of asexuality as a newly described sexual orientation. Asexual men have been chosen for the analysis for two reasons: first, based on the available research, it is predicted that sex has a greater impact on the creation of masculinities than the creation of femininities. Second, female asexual characters are mostly absent from current US television fiction. Through the application of theoretical knowledge on asexuality and masculinity, this thesis aims to examine how asexual men can create their identities on the basis of television role models, i.e. to answer the following research questions: Do asexual men face more difficulty in constructing their masculine identities than non-asexual men? Are asexual men forced to excessively employ those aspects of masculine identities that are not connected to sexuality to construct or reaffirm their masculinities, or do they perform heterosexuality in order to do so? Does television fiction of the 21st century offer asexual men role models for the creation of masculine identities? In order to answer these questions, theoretical sources on masculinity and asexuality are applied to the analysis of two television shows, The Big Bang Theory (2007-present) and Dexter (2006-2013). Both series feature a male protagonist who could be classified as asexual based on behavior, thoughts, or speech, and the comparison of characters in both sitcom and drama provides insight into the creation of asexual masculinities as presented in television. 6 RESUMEN Desde los inicios del siglo XXI la asexualidad ha sido una cuestión de interés para investigadores/as y para las comunidades de individuos que se adscriben a esta orientación. Gracias a la visibilidad ganada durante la última década, han comenzado a aparecer algunos personajes asexuales en la television estadounidense. Debido a la relevancia de los personajes de ficción en la cultura popular como posibles modelos para la creación de identidades de género y sexuales, se hace necesario examinar las representaciones disponibles sobre la asexualidad como una orientación sexual de reciente definición. Se ha elegido a los varones asexuales como objeto de análisis por dos razones: la primera, basada en la literatura sobre el tema, es que se supone que el sexo tiene un mayor impacto en la creación de masculinidades que en la de feminidades. La segunda, que en la ficción televisiva estadounidense actual apenas hay personajes femeninos asexuales. Mediante la aplicación de una serie de teorías sobre asexualidad y masculinidad(es), esta tesis tiene como objetivo examinar cómo los hombres asexuales podrían construir su identidad sobre la base de los modelos televisivos; es decir, se propone responder a las siguientes preguntas de investigación: ¿Tienen los hombres asexuales más dificultades para construir su identidad masculina que los no asexuales? ¿Se ven los hombres asexuales obligados a emplear los aspectos no relacionados con la sexualidad en su construcción o reafirmación de identidades, o por el contrario ejercen una heterosexualidad performativa para lograrlo? ¿Ofrece la ficción televisiva del siglo XXI modelos para la creación de identidades masculinas? Para contestar a estas cuestiones, las fuentes teóricas sobre masculinidad y asexualidad se aplican al análisis de dos series televisivas: The Big Bang Theory (2007-actualidad) y Dexter (2006-2013). Ambas tienen personajes protagonistas masculinos que pueden ser clasificados como asexuales en base a comportamientos, pensamientos/ideas o diálogos, y la comparación de éstos en una comedia de situación y un drama permite profundizar en la construcción de identidades asexuales tal cual se presenta en televisión. 7 RESUM Des dels inicis del segle XXI, l'asexualitat ha estat una qüestió d'interès per a investigadors/es i per a les comunitats d'individus que s'adscriuen a aquesta orientació. Gràcies a la visibilitat guanyada durant l'última dècada, han començat a aparèixer alguns personatges asexuals en productes de ficció televisiva nord-americana. A causa de la rellevància dels personatges de ficció en la cultura popular com a possibles models per a la creació d'identitats de gènere i sexuals, es fa necessari examinar les representacions disponibles sobre l'asexualitat com una orientació sexual de recent definició. S'ha triat els homes asexuals com a objecte d'anàlisi per dues raons: la primera, basada en la literatura sobre el tema, és que
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