The Medieval Officials-Principal of Rochester
Archaeologia Cantiana Vol. 53 1940 THE MEDIEVAL OFFICIALS-PRINCIPAL OF ROCHESTER. BY THE KEV. A. L. BKOWNE, M.A. INTRODUCTION. OP the ecclesiastical conditions that brought these officers into being Neander is informative. " In the course of the twelfth century," he writes, " the bishops (of Western Christendom) empowered proxies in the administration of their jurisdiction, under the name officiales to preserve their authority against archidiaconal encroachment." (Church History VII, 284, ed. 1851.) That the innovation answered its primary purpose can be admitted, but on the other hand it incidentally provided a whip for lashing laymen and clerics suspected of or charged with breaches of canon law. And the strictures passed on the administrative iniquities of these officers, at any rate on the Continent, by Peter of Blois1 are sufficiently pertinent for quotation : " Tota officialis intentio est, ut ad opus episcopi suae jurisdictioni commissas miserimas oves quasi vice illius tondeat, emungat, excoriet. Isti sunt episcoporum sanguisugae" (Ep. 25). This, epitomized, may be rendered :—These officials are employed to shear the wretched sheep within their jurisdiction; they are the bloodsuckers for the bishops. Be this as it may, one hesitates to believe that the enormities to which the writer refers could ever have obtained on an equal scale in the freer atmosphere of England, and where judgments given in a Consistory Court were subject to revision or disallowance on appeal to a bishop in person. As a matter of fact the bishop who appointed could also dismiss his Official, unless the Cathedral Chapter had confirmed the appointment, when it became a benefice and thereby tenable for life.
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