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Trireme Unit Plan TRIREME UNIT PLAN Compelling In what ways did the triremes promote democracy and in what ways did they promote Question imperial dominance in Athens and the Mediterranean? C3 Historical Thinking Standards – D2.His.1.9-12. Evaluate how historical events and developments were shaped by unique circumstances of time and place as well as broader historical contexts. Standards C3 Historical Thinking Standards – D2.His.2.9-12. and Analyze change and continuity in historical eras. Practices Common Core Content Standards – CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.WHST.9-10.1.B Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying data and evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both claim(s) and counterclaims in a discipline-appropriate form and in a manner, that anticipates the audience's knowledge level and concerns. Staging the What are triremes and how were they used by the Athenians? Question Supporting Supporting Supporting Supporting Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 What were the triremes What were the basic In what ways were the In what ways were the and their technological principles of Athenian triremes connected with triremes connected with foundations, and how democracy? Athenian democracy? Athenian imperialism over were they used by the eastern Athens? Mediterranean? Formative Formative Formative Formative Performance Task Performance Task Performance Task Performance Task Classroom Activity: Create a poster Watch: IEEE REACH Classroom Activity: Introduction to the “advertising” Athenian Video: Triremes (Part Two) Triremes of Atlantis Trireme (See Below) democracy. Include all - (Option 2: Watch Study.com (See Below) Watch: IEEE REACH the characteristics that video (sign-up required) http:// Video: Triremes (Part One) made it unique in its time study.com/academy/lesson/ and appealing in ours. pericles-the-delian-league-and- - (Option 2: Trireme: Definition, the-athenian-golden-age.html Facts &Watch: Greek Diagram video on study.com. Sign-up on After watching above study.com required.) video,review and answer the Design a “car sales” ad for the questions in the Democracy and trireme, extolling its unique Empire PPT features View Pilot Program video View: Trireme Olympias video (outside source) Classroom Activity: Team Competitions: Vessel Trireme Design Load Test (Prerequisite: Classroom Activities: Trireme - A. Review: Triremes Design, and Building your Hands-on Activity Vessel, found in column 1 and "How to" PDF and the below. This activity is the last Triremes Hands-on part of the Building Your Vessel Activity PPT before Activity) beginning the hands- Optional: Vessel Speed Race on activity and the (Determine if your tech Trireme Design found department can build a pulley below. system as described in the Triremes Hands-on Activity Classroom Activity: "How to" PDF, found in the Building Your Vessel Classroom Activity outline in column one.) - A. Review Triremes Hands-on Activity Classroom Activity: Oarsman "How to" PDF Simulation with Hands-on- - B. Review Triremes Activity (To do fully, requires Hands-on Activity PPT model rowing platform) - A. View Trireme Olympias before classroom video activity and then - B. Review Oarsman Model begin Building your Rowing “How To” for Hands-on Vessel found below. Activity Featured Sources Featured Sources Featured Sources Featured Sources 1A. Excerpt from Hale, 2A. Blackwell, Christopher 3A. Excerpt from Hale, 4A. Map of Tribute John R. Lords of the sea: W. “Athenian John R. Lords of the sea: Districts of the Athenian The epic story of the Democracy: A brief The epic story of the Empire, from Hale, John R. Athenian navy and the overview,” Demos. (The Athenian navy and the Lords of the sea: The epic birth of democracy. Stoa: a Consortium for birth of democracy. story of the Athenian navy Penguin, 2009. Scholarly Publication in Penguin, 2009. and the birth of the Humanities), February democracy. Penguin, 2009. 1B. Examples of bow 3B. Translation of the th th 28, 2003. projections dated 9 -7 Decree of Troezen. 4B. Excerpt from Hale, http://www.stoa.org/proj centuries BC from Lendering, Jona. "The John R. Lords of the sea: ects/demos/article_demo Murray, William M., Troezen Decree." The epic story of the Larrie D. Ferreiro, John cracy_overview?page=all Livius.org: Articles on Athenian navy and the Vardalas, and Jeffrey G. (Accessed 23 October ancient history. August 25, birth of democracy. 2016) Royal. "Cutwaters 2015. Accessed January Penguin, 2009. Before Rams: an 2B. Pericles' Funeral 02, 2017. experimental Oration from the http://www.livius.org/sour investigation into the Peloponnesian War, ces/content/the-troezen- origins and Thucydides (c.460/455- decree/. development of the c.399 BCE): 3C. Translation of the waterline Peloponnesian War, Book Decree of Troezen. ram." International 2.34-46, from Halsall, Jameson, Michael H. "A Journal of Nautical Paul. Internet ancient Decree of Themistokles Archaeology (2016). history sourcebook. Paul from Troizen." American Halsall, 1998. 1C Technical details School of Classical Studies http://sourcebooks.fordh about Olympias, a full- at Athens. Accessed January 2, 2017. reconstruction of the am.edu/ancient/pericles- http://www.ascsa.edu.gr/ trireme and insight on funeralspeech.asp pdf/uploads/hesperia/147 oarsmen, sourced from (Accessed 19 November 294.pdf. "The One and Only 2016) Olympias." The Official 3D. Image of the Decree of Trireme Website. Troezen. Μαρσύας. Accessed January 29, "Decree of Themistocles 2017. (or Troezen)." Ancient http://triremeolympias History Encyclopedia. .com/design.html. March 20, 2014. Accessed January 02, 2017. http:// 1D. Line drawing of www.ancient.eu/im Athenian “three”, from Murray, William, and age/2419/. William Michael Murray. The age of titans: the rise and fall of the great Hellenistic navies. OUP USA, 2012. And an excerpt from "J T (Timothy) Shaw Papers." The Trireme Trust. Accessed January 29, 2017. http://www.triremetru st.org.uk/. 1E. Images of Cutwater Bow tests from Murray, William M., Larrie D. Ferreiro, John Vardalas, and Jeffrey G. Royal. "Cutwaters Before Rams: an experimental investigation into the origins and development of the waterline."International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 46, no. 1 (2017). Write a thesis essay that directly addresses the compelling question using specific Argument claims and relevant evidence from historical sources to support your claims while Summative Performance acknowledging competing views. Task Debate whether the Greek triremes primarily promoted democracy or imperial Extension dominance. UNDERSTAND: Research the connection between military technology and governance around the world. ASSESS: To what extent is responsible governance dependent on military technology and to what extent are Taking they in opposition. Informed Action ACTION: Write a letter to an elected federal official arguing for an increase or decrease (depending on your position) in military spending for advanced technologies in order to further the goals of responsible government. TO THE TEACHER REACH nstrctiona nits are intended to e cassroomread ac nit egins it a Unit Plan in te form of a C3 Inquiry Design Model Te Unit Plan incdes earning oectives, content standards, formative and smmative tasks, inks to rimar and secondar resorces, and a arm activit nits are organied arond a Compelling Question designed to insire criosit and romote discssion among stdents To tat end, e ave aso incded a rief stdent introdction to te toic entited, Staging the Question nce stdents ave een introdced to te toic, an nmer of Formative Performance Tasks ma e cometed sing te incded Document Excerpts teacers ma eect instead to tiie ftet docments inked itin te Featured Sources section Document Excerpts are rint read in singeseet format and keed to te citations in te Featured Sources section of te Unit Plan Teacers sod seect te Formative Performance Tasks and accomaning Sources tat est sit teir on instrctiona needs content reirements, erformance goas, stdent readiness, and time constraints on te cometion of eac nit, stdents sod e adeate reared to comete te Summative Performance Task and Taking Informed Action sections of te Unit Plan To frter assist te teacer, e ave incded a more torog Background Information section Tis docment is intended to serve as rofessiona reading rior to imementing te nit Teacers ma aso is to read te fengt rimar and secondar sorces from ic te sorter ecerts ere taken STAGING THE QUESTION In the fall of 480 BCE, Xerxes, the King of Persia, attacked Greece on land and at sea. While the land battle that ended with a Spartan stand to the last man at Thermopylae, has been burned into the collective memory of western civilization think of the movie 300 it was the Greek navy that repelled Xerxes’ assault and saved Athens from certain defeat. The Persian naval attack ended with the Battle of Salamis, another David and Goliath confrontation. The Greeks were outnumbered some historians claim by as much as 10 to 1 but by early 479 BCE, the Persian fleet was decimated and in retreat. The source of Western democracy was safe once again What saved Greece from the encroachment of an empire that had already consumed much of western Asia? Was it the tenacity of Spartan warriors like at Thermopylae? Or the unique strength of free Athenians defending their homeland? While all of this played a role at Salamis, the key to the Greek victory was technology. The Athenian navy employed an innovative ship design called the Trireme. Built for speed and agility and designed as an offensive weapon, the trireme allowed the ancient Greeks to destroy most of the Persian fleet and stop the western advance of the imperial Persian king. The trireme was powered by as many as 170 oarsmen in three tiers. In a 1985 recreation of the ancient vessel based on historical documents, inexperienced rowers managed to achieve a top speed of 9 knots, so we might assume the ancient navy could go even faster. Speed was essential because mounted at the front of each trireme was a 400pound bronze battering ram that could inflict fatal damage on its enemy with a single blow.
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