Roland Jay Stipes 1936

Roland Jay Stipes 1936-

Roland J. Stipes was appointed Assistant Professor of Plant Pathology at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Va. Tech) on November 13, 1967. He had come to Blacksburg after serving 2 Yzyears as Research Plant Pathologist at the U. S .D .A., A.R. S., Dutch Elm Disease Laboratory, Delaware, 0 hio. His initial assignment at Va. Tech was to conduct research on diseases of ornamental plants and landscape trees and on fungitoxicants in the pathogen-plant-soil continuum. He had a 3-way appointment in research ( 65% ), extension (25% ), and instruction (10% ). Thus, he was expected to develop and present educational programs on the cause and control of landscape tree diseases and to prepare and distribute publications on these topics. He was promoted to Associate Professor on July 1, 1974 and Professor on July 1, 1980. Stipes' initial instruction assignment was to teach Principles of Plant Disease Development which had been originated and taught previously by H.B. Couch. Stipes taught this course from 1968 to 1973. From 1974 to 1978 he taught Principles of Plant Disease Control. In 1979, this course was assigned to R. W. Tillman, but he later resigned, June 30, 1980, and Stipes taught it again from 1981 to 1983. In 1984, Stipes began developing courses on (a) Diseases of Landscape Trees, Ornamentals, and Turfgrasses and (b) Pesticide Usage. Throughout his tenure, Stipes was guest lecturer in several courses especially where tree diseases and pesticides were the topics.· He also chaired the departmental seminar for several quarters. After the University switched from the quarter to semester system, he taught Principles of Agricultural Chemistry, a course presented to two-year agriculture students. In 1995, he developed and taught two new courses, Plant Plagues and People, an undergraduate course offered University wide, and Pests and Stresses of Trees (co-listed as a forestry/entomology/plant pathology course). "Pests and Stresses'' survived and was taught annually through Stipes' tenure, "Plagues ..." apparently was taught only twice in 1995 and 1996. In addition to the courses noted above, Stipes taught numerous courses designated Independent Study in which one or two graduate students addressed specific topics and were guided through laboratory studies and literature reviews. He was advisor or co-advisor to 13 students for masters degrees and 9 for Ph. D.'s and served as committee member for many M. S. and. Ph.D. candidates. The research that Stipes undertook from 1965 to 1967 predicated his life-long career. At Delaware, Ohio, for two and a half years he was a Research Pathologist at the USDA-ARS Shade Tree Laboratory where he focused on the biology and fungicidal management of the Dutch elm disease. During those years he pioneered the injection technology which he continued to exploit and refine for the next 35 years at Va. Tech. A major accomplishment was to cooperate with the Ciba Geigy Co. to develop Alamo, by providing critical data to obtain a federal use label. He examined many fungicides and modes of application. Several graduate students explored particular aspects of fungicide application and uptake under Stipes guidance. The emphasis of Stipes research was upon landscape trees, many of which were centuries old and, consequently, irreplaceable. Thus, aside from pruning, chemotherapy proved to be the only management technique available. At gatherings of various tree owners, arboriculturists, groundskeepers, etc., he presented information under catchy titles such as, "Famous patients and 2 their illnesses", "Famous trees and their health problems", and "Trojan horses in Appalachian forests". He co-edited with R. J. Campana of the University of Maine a "Compendium of Elm Diseases", published in 1981 by the American Phytopathological Society. This compendium was a precendent breaker because the previous six compendia pertained to crops, namely, soybean, wheat, alfalfa, com, cotton and potato. Stipes co-authored with Campana twelve sections of the compendium and contributed 39 color photographs. According to Stipes, a second edition has been authorized. In response to complaints about dying pin oak branches and trees, a new disease, pin oak canker, caused by Endothia gyros a was found associated with the cankers. Philip P. Hunter (Ph. D. Diss. 1977) and David N. Appel (Ph.D. Diss. 1980), advisees of Stipes, studied factors affecting inoculation, colonized and canker development and concluded that water stress played a major role in disease development. Research on Endothia parasitica and E. gyrosa led Stipes and Martha K. Roane to assemble isolates of Endothea from all over the world and to make comparisons among them. Jessie Ann Micales (Ph. D. Diss. 1985) made a comprehensive morphologic and chemotaxonomicstudy of these isolates and concluded that the revision ofDiaporthales with respect to Endothia and Cryphonectria was correct. Stipes research on chestnut blight and Endothia ended after Micales completed and published her research. Since Stipes had both a research and extension appointment, specimens of tree diseases and injuries were frequently referred to him by the Plant Clinic. He recognized many tree diseases previously unreported in Virginia and identified many fungi new to Virginia; he reported with T. C. Davis of Auburn University 125 new fungal species associated with landscape trees. In this manner, dogwood anthracnose, caused by Discula destructiva, was found in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia. Stipes described control measures for this disease on trees in landscape situations in the Pest Management Guide: Home Grounds and Animals (Va. Coop. Ext. Publ. 456 - 018, rev. annually.). Shiitake mushroom production in Virginia was befraught with a plague of weed fungi which curtailed the growth of the subject fungus, Lentinus edodes. Stipes had a graduate student, Gonzalo G. Gruevara, investigate the problem. He found the primary weed fungi to be the Ascomycetes Graphostroma platystoma andEutypa spinosa. He also found these fungi to be sensitive to Arbotect 20S and Lignasan BLP, while L. edodes was not. He suggested that soaking logs in these fungicides prior to inoculation would extend shiitake production. However, neither was labeled for this procedure and it's practicality was never demonstrated. Several graduate students chose to research peanut diseases and were advised primarily by P. M. Phipps who was located at the Tidewater Research and Continuing Education Center in Suffolk. An on-campus advisor was needed and Stipes was frequently chosen as the co-advisor. As a result, Stipes was a frequent co-author of publications on peanut diseases although peanuts were not in his realm of proficiency. Students fitting in this category were Wade H. Elmer, Timothy B. Brenneman, Frisby D. Smith, Ramon M. Cu, and David B. Langston, Jr. It was apparent from the outset that Stipes would be an excellent extension specialist as he enjoyedinteracting with county agriculturalagents and their clientele. He especiallyenjoyed visiting estates, historical sites, parks and cities where old or valuable trees in carefullymaintained landscape situations showed symptoms of disease or abiotic stress. Gradually, he accrued a reputation such that he was sought after as a consultant and speaker nationwide. Some groups he spoke to include 3

Tidewater Professional Horticulture Conference; Mountain View Garden Club, Morgantown, W. Va.; International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, Portland, OR.; International Society of Arboriculture, Quebec, Canada; New River Symposium, Boone, N.C.; and Third International Elm Conference, Chicago, Ill. He was a consultant for New York Parks Department, U. S. Forest Service, Busch Gardens at Williamsburg, The Greenbrier Resort, W. Va.; California Department of Agriculture, City of Cincinnati, Hillwood Museum, Sweet Briar College, and many others. In addition, he routinely spoke at seminars, master gardeners' groups, gave disease control demonstrations, and prepared literature on specific diseases and landscape problems in general. He seemed to enjoy leading tree walks at Va Tech and in nearby cities. In essence, he was a highly respected credit to his profession and University. As a consequence, many honors were bestowed upon him. Stipes was active in the American Phytopathological Society wherein he served on several committees as shown below:·

Parent society:

1972 - 74 Teaching Committee 1972 - 77 Forest Pathology Comm.; Vice-Chm. 1975, Chm. 1976, Immed. Past Chm. 1977. 1973 Teaching Comm. - Chm. of Sub-Comm. for Revision of International Plant Pathology Glossary 1974 Chm. of English- Spanish version of Glossary. Local Arrangements Comm., 1978 Meeting 1974 Resolutions Comm., Chm. Nominations - Elections Comm., Chm. 1978 - 82 Monographs and Reviews Comm. 1986 - 89 Meeting Site Selection Comm. 1986 - 89 Nominating Comm. 1986- 89 Membership Comm. 1987 - 89 Councilman for Potomac Div. 1988 - 90 Associate Editor, Phytopathology Potomac Division, APS: 1983 Awards Comm. 1983 - 84 V. Pres., Potomac Div. 1984 - 85 Pres. 1986 - 87 Meeting Planning Comm. 1995 Recipient, Distinguised Service Award.

Stipes was also very active in the Virginia Academy of Science having served as Section of Botany and Section of Agriculture Chairman and Editor, and on the council for many years. 4

Many of his activities may be surmized from the list of publications complied below.

C. W. Roane 2003

Graduate Student Advisees of R. J. Stipes

M. S., Non - Thesis:

Patterson, P. D. 1974. (with Griffin). The control of Fusarium wilt in naturally infested soil with benomyl.

Clement, G. L. 1976. The effects ofMBC, its salts, and benomyl on the growth and development of selected plant species.

Okie, W.R., III. 1976. Control ofFusarium wilt of tomato with systemic fungitoxicants.

Dawson, G. B. 1977. Uptake, translocation and persistence offungitoxicants and other pesticides in trees including pin oak (Quercus palustris Muench.).

Spoor, Cynthia A. 1978. Control ofFusarium wilt of tomato with Cycocel and/or Lignasan BLP.

Truax, Patricia A. 1978. Comparative distribution of Arbotect 20-5, CG 64 251, Lignasan BLP, and Nuariniol in Ulmus americana following administration with a Sterrett - Creager miniature pressure injector.

Conner, C. W. 1979. Movement and disappearance of captan and difolatan in Woodstown loamy sand soil.

Scamack, Anita M. 1991 (with Yoder). Apple powdery mildew: Literature and research overview.

M. S., Thesis:

Phipps, P. M. 1972. Histopathology, pathology, and chemotherapy of Fusarium wilt of mimosa (Albizzia julibrissin).

Elmer, W. H. 1981. Soil fate and systemicity in Arachis hypogea L. of dicloran, iprodione and vinclozolin.

Tepper, B. L. 1981. (with Yoder). Influence of selected fungicides on germination of conidia of 5

Penicillium expansum and Monilina fructicola and postharvest control of penicillium blue mold of apple and brown rot of peach and nectarine.

Guevara, G. G. 1993. Biological studies of shiitake logs and associated mycoflora in the Virginia highlands.

Crozier, J.B. 1994. Abiotic stressors in the dogwood anthracnose complex.

Glenn, Debbie 1999. (with Phipps). Cylindrocladium on peanut.

Stevens, T. 2001. (with Banko). Lessons from the social, economic, and ecological impact of Dutch elm disease and the loss of American elms on the United States.

Ph.D. Dissertations:

Hunter, P. P. 1977. The blight and canker of pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh.) Incited by Endothia gyrosa (Schw.) Fr.: Some factors affecting disease development.

Janutolo, D. B. 1977. Fungi to xi cants in the Ceratocystis ulmi - Ulmus americana - soil continuum.

Appel, D. N. 1980. The influence of selected urban site factors, host nutrition and water stress on the decline and blight of pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh.) incited by Endothia gyros a (Schw.) Fr.

Weaver, M. J. 1982. The etiology of the decline of Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) on Virginia landscapes: A survey of stress factors.

Micales, Jessie A. 1985. The chemotaxonomy of the fungal genus Endothia Fr.

Brenneman, T. B. 1986. (with Phipps). Sensitivity and resistance of Sclerotinia minor to fungicides for control of Sclerotinia of peanut.

Smith, F. D. 1990 (with Phipps). Evaluation of fungicide resistance in Sclerotinia minor and strategies for chemical control of Sclerotinia blight in peanut.

Cu, R. M. 1991. (with Phipps). Development and evaluation of a computerized leafspot advisory program for effective use of cultivar resistance, fungicide and spray adjuvant to control early leafspot of peanut.

Langston, D. B., Jr. 1998 (with Phipps). The role of host, environment, and fungicide use patterns in algorithms for improving control of Sclerotinia blight of peanut. 6

Technical and Extension Publications

Stipes, R. J. 1968. Mimosa wilt. Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. MR-PDH-5. 2 pp.

Stipes, R. J. 1969. Uptake and translocation ofthiabendazole and benomyl applied to phloem and xylem tissues of Albizziajulibrissin Durazz. Va. J. Sci. 20:100. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J. 1969. Changes in fluorescent xylem constituents of Ulmus species infected with Ceratocystis ulmi (Buism.) C. Moreau, the Dutch elm disease fungus. Va. J. Sci. 20:100. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J. 1969. Chemotherapeutic patterns of methyl l-butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamate and thiabendazole in the control of Dutch elm disease. Phytopathology 59:1560. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J. 1969. Chemical injuries of shade trees. Plant Disease Control Notes, Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Control Series 129.

Zaronsky, C., Jr., and R. J. Stipes. 1969. Some effects on growth and translocation of thiabendazole and methyl l-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate applied to Ulmus americana seedlings. Phytopathology 59: 1562. (Abstr. ).

Roberts, B. R., and R. J. Stipes. 1969. Response of American elm seedlings to treatment with captan and cycloheximide. For. Sci. 15:87-91.

Stipes, R. J. 1969. Guide for the chemical control of shade tree diseases. In 1969 Virginia Plant Disease Control Guide, VPI & SU Coop. Ext. Serv. p. 38-40. (Revised and Pub. Ann. 1970 - 1979)

Stipes, R. J. 1970. Chemical injuries of shade trees. Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Control Series 129.

Stipes, R. J. 1970. Verticillium wilt of shade trees. Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Control Series 117.

Stipes, R. J. 1969. Fusarium wilt of mimosa. Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Control Series 95.

Stipes, R. J. , and J. A. Weidhaas, Jr. 1969. Dutch elm disease and its control in Virginia. Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Control Series 103.

Stipes, R. J., and A. S. Beecher. 1969. Cultural control of shade tree diseases. Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Control Series 106.

Stipes, R. J. 1970. Dutch elm disease: Symptom suppression by soil-incorporated fungicides. Va. J. Sci. 21:103. (Abstr.). 7

Stipes, R. J., and D. R. Oderwald. 1970. Soil thin-layer chromatography of fungicides. Phytopatholgy 60:1018. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J. 1970. Some diseases observed on shade and ornamental trees in Virginia during 1968 and 1969. Va. J. Sci. 21:103 (Abstr.). ·

Stipes, R. J. 1970. Comparative mycelial protein and enzyme patterns in four species of Ceratocystis. Mycologia 62:987-995.

Stipes, R. J. 1970. A new and serious canker disease of the pin oak found at Hampton, Virginia. Va. Nurserymen's Assoc. News, Nov. 1970. pp. 8-9.

Stipes, R. J., and P. M. Phipps. 1971. A species of Endothia associated with a canker disease of pin oak (Quercus palustris) in Virginia. Plant Dis. Reptr. 55:467-469.

Stipes, R. J. And R. C. Lambe. 1971. Canker and gall diseases of shade and flowering trees in Virginia. Va. Coop. Ext. Services Control Series 147.

Stipes, R. J. 1971. Wetwood oflandscape trees in Virginia. Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Control Series 139.

Stipes, R. J. 1971. Fusarium of mimosa. Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Control Series 95. (revised).

Stipes,R. J., andJ. A. Weidhaas, Jr. 1971. Dutchelmdiseaseandits control in Virginia. Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Control Series 103 (rev.).

Stipes, R. J. 1971. Endothia canker of live oak in Virginia. Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Control Series 140.

Stipes, R. J. 1971. Foliar diseases of landscape trees in Virginia. Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Control Series 138.

Stipes, R. J., and P. M. Phipps. 1971. Current status of Endothia canker of live oak in Virginia. Plant Dis. Reptr. 55:201.

Stipes, R. J., F. S. Santamour, Jr., and R. C. Lambe. 1971. Dothiorella canker of dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides). Phytopathology 61 :913. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J., and D.R. Oderwald. 1971. Dutch elm disease: Control with soil-injected fungicides and surfactants. Phytopathology 61 :913. (Abstr.).

Phipps, P. M., and R. J. Stipes. 1971. Some histopathological observations on Fusarium wilt of mimosa. Va. J. Sci. 22:107. (Abstr.). 8

Stipes, R. J., P. M. Phipps, and D.R. Oderwald. 1971. Prophylactic and therapeutic responses of Fusarium wilt of mimosa to benomyl and thiabendazole. Va. J. Sci. 22:108. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J., P. M. Phipps, and 0. K. Miller, Jr. 1971. A pin oak blight associated with a species of Endothia. Va. J. Sci. 22:86. (Abstr.)

Stipes, R. J., and P. M. Phipps. 1971. A species of Endothia associated with a canker disease of pin oak (Quercus palustris) in Virginia. Plant Dis. Reptr. 55:467-469.

Stipes, R. J., and C.R. Drake. 1972. Reciprocal pathogenicity of Glomerella cingulata isolated from Betula pendula and Mal us sylvestris. Phytopathology 62: 1366-1367.

Stipes, R. J., and T. C. Davis. 1972. Diseases oflandscape trees observed in Virginia. Plant Dis. Reptr. 56: 108-111.

Stipes, R. J., and K. E. Weinke. 1972. Dutch elm disease: Control with soil-amended fungicides. Plant Dis. Reptr. 56:604:608.

Phipps, P. M., and R. J. Stipes. 1972. The curative effects of two systemic fungitoxic benzimidazoles in mimosa seedlings exhibiting Fusarium wilt symptoms. Va. J. Sci. 23:(3):122. (Abstr.).

Phipps, P. M., R. J. Stipes, and L. I. Miller. 1972. A race of Meloidogyne incognita from Albizzia julibrissin parasitizes Nicotiana tabacum 'NC95'. J. Nematol. 4:232. (Abstr.).

Phipps, P. M., R. J. Stipes, and 0. K. Miller, Jr. 1972. Endothia gyrosa, a fungus associated with a destructive canker of pin oak. W. Va. J. Sci. 44:23-24. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J. 1972. Two systemic fungicidal benzimidazoles as control agents for Dutch elm disease. W. Va. J. Sci. 44:22-23. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J. 1973. Report 241 in Fungicide and Nematicide Tests-Results of 1972. 28:125.

Stipes, R. J. 1973. Report 242 in Fungicide and Nematicide Tests-Results of 1972. 28:125.

Stipes, R. J. 1973. American elm (Ulmus americana). Dutch elm disease: Ceratocystis ulmi. Fungicide and Nematicide Test-Results of 1972. 28:125-126.

Stipes, R. J. 1973. Control of Dutch elm disease in artificially-inoculated American elms with soil injected benomyl, captan and thiabendazole. Phytopathology 63:735-738.

Stipes, R. J. 1973. Guide to the chemical control of shade tree diseases. In 1973 Virginia Plant Disease Control Guide. VPI & SU Coop. Ext. Serv., Blacksburg. 9

Stipes, R. J., and P. M. Phipps. 1973. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. perniciosum from lenticular spordochia on fusarium-wilted mimosa trees in Virginia. Phytopathology 63 :806. (Abstr.).

Phipps, P. M., and R. J. Stipes. 1973. Artificial reproduction of Fusarium of mimosa tree under greenhouse and field conditinos. Phytopathology 63:804. (Abstr.).

Emert, G. H., R. J. Stipes, R. D. Brown, Jr\, and J.E. Talmadge. 1973. Differentiation of Endothia gyrosa and E. parasitica by disk gel electrophoresis. Phytopathology 63 :801. (Abstr. ).

Stipes, R. J., and Jean L. Ratliff. 1973. Effect of temperature on linear growth of Endothia gyrosa and E. parasitica. Va. J. Sci. 24:136. (Abstr.).

Phipps, P. M., and R. J. Stipes. 1973. An evaluation of two systemic fungi toxic benzimidazoles as control agents ofFusarium wilt of the mimosa tree. Abstr. No. 0201, 2ndlnt'l Cong. Plant Pathology, Minneapolis, Minn. Pub. by Amer. Phytopathol. Soc., St. Paul, MN.

Janutolo, D. B., T. D. Salyer, and R. J. Stipes. 1974. Effect of fungitoxicants on the viability of Ceratocystis ulmi conidia. Proc. Am. Phytopathol. Soc. 1:151-152. (Asbtr.).

Roane, M. K., R. J. Stipes, P. M. Phipps, and O.K. Miller, Jr. 1974. Endothia gyrosa, causal pathogen of pin oak. Mycologia 66:1042-1047.

Roane, M. K., and R. J. Stipes. 1974. Identification of the pin oak blight organism as Endothia gyrosa. Proc. Am. Phytopathol. Soc. 1:154 (Abstr.).

Roane, M. K., and R. J. Stipes. 1974. The genus Endothia: A reappraisal. Va. J. Sci. 25:74. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J. 1974. Systemic fungitoxicants for the control of vascular disease of trees. Va. J. Sci. 25:52. (Abstr.).

Bailey, J. K., P. P. Feret, R. J. Stipes, and D. L. Bramlett. 1974. Extractive contents and fungal degradation of branches from well-pruned and poorly-pruned mature Virginia pine. Silvae Genetica 23:185-188.

Stipes, R. J. 1975. Chemical control of landscape tree diseases. In 1975 Virginia Plant Disease Control Guide, Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Control Series 2.

Griffin, G. J., and R. J. Stipes. 1975. High populations of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. perniciosum in mimosa bark lenticellar sporodochia and in soil. Plant Dis. Reptr. 59:787-790.

Hunter, P. P., R. J. Stipes, and G. J. Griffin. 1975. The influence of osmotic potential on the growth of Endothia. Proc. Am. Phytopathol. Soc. 2:53-54. (Abstr.). 10

Janutolo, D. B., andR. J. Stipes. 1975. Toxic effects ofmethyl2-benzimidazole carbamate(MBC), MBC.HCL and MBC. H3P04 on conidia of Ceratocystis ulmi. Proc. Am. Phytopathol. Soc. 2:32- 33. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J. 1975. Diseases of shade trees. Verticillium wilt of shade trees. Plant Dis. Control Notes. June, 1975, Control Series 117.

Janutolo, D. B., and R. J. Stipes. 1975. Uptake-translocation patterns of benomyl following injection in the root zone of nursery and landscape American elms. Proc. Am. Phytopathol. Soc. 2:124. (Abstr.).

Phipps, P. M., and R. J. Stipes. 1975. Control of Fusarium wilt of mimosa with benomyl and thiabendazole. Phytopathology 75:504-506.

Roane, M. K., and R. J. Stipes. 1975. Chemotaxonomic studies in the genus Endothia. Proc. AIBS for 1975, paper# 1473.

Roane, M. K., R. J. Stipes, and J. R. Elkins. 1975. Pigment analysis of fruiting structures and mycelium in the genus Endothia. Va. J Sci. 26:65. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J., and P. M. Phipps. 1975. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. perniciosum on Fusarium-wilted mimosa trees. Phytopathology 65:188-190.

Stipes, R. J. 1975. Foliar diseases oflandscape trees in Virginia. Plant Disease Control Notes, Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Control series 138.

Stipes, R. J. 1975. Cultural control of shade tree diseases. Plant Disease Control Notes, Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Control series 106.

Stipes, R. J. 1975. Furasium wilt of mimosa. Plant Disease Control Notes, Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Control series 95.

Hunter, P. P., G. J. Griffin, and R. J. Stipes. 1976. The influence of osmotic water potential on the linear growth of Endothia species. Phytopathology 66:1418-1421.

Roane, M.K., and R. J. Stipes. 1976. Effects of pH and temperature on the growth oftenEndothia species. Va. J. Sci. 27:60. (Abstr.).

Roane, M. K., and R. J. Stipes. 1976. The fungal genus Endothia in the Southern Appalachians. In Distributional History of the Biota of the Southern Appalachians, Part IV: Algae and Fungi, University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville. pp. 227-242.

Janutolo, D. B., and R. J. Stipes. 1976. Comparative in vitro sensitivity of aggressive and non- 11

aggressive isolates of Ceratocystis ulmi to methyl 2-benzimidazole carbamate. Va. J. Sci. 27:56. (Abstr.).

Headland, J. K., G. J. Griffin, R. J. Stipes, and J. R. Elkins. 1976. Severity of natural Endothia parasitica infection of Chinese chestnut. Plant Dis. Reptr. 60:426-429.

Janutolo, D. B., andR. J. Stipes. 1976. Toxic effects ofmethyl2-benzimidazolecarbamate (MBC), MBC,HCL, MBC.H3P04 and nystatin to Ceratocystis ulmi. Can. J. Plant Sci. 56:967-970.

Phipps, P. M., and R. J. Stipes. 1976. Histopathology of mimosa infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. perniciosum. Phytopathology 66:839-843.

Appel, D. N., R. J. Stipes, and E.W. Looney. 1977. Cultural and physiological characteristics of ten Endothia gyrosa isolates from Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. Va. J. Sci. 28:70. (Abstr.).

Clement, G. L., and R. J. Stipes. 1977. Effects ofmethyl-2-benzimidazole carbamate and its salts in the growth of plants. Va. J. Sci. 28:50. (Abstr.).

Dawson, G. B., and R. J. Stipes. 1977. Uptake and translocation ofbenomyl in pin oak (Quercus palustris Muench.) Va. J. Sci. 28:72. (Abstr.).

Elkins, J. R., G. J. Griffin, R. J. Stipes, and D. K. Ofsa. 1977. Translocation of methyl-2- benzimidazole carbamate into bark tissue of American chestnut trees following soil injection of benomyl. Proc. Am. Phytopathol. Soc. 4:95. (Abstr.).

Hunter, P. P ., and R. J. Stipes. 1977. The effect of month of inoculation with Endothia gyros a on development of pruned branch canker of pin oak (Quercus palustris). Proc. Am. Phytopathol. Soc. 4:84. (Abstr.).

Janutolo, D. B., and R. J. Stipes. 1977. Comparative soil thin layer chromtography of four benzimidazole fungicides on four Virginia soil types. Proc. Am. Phytopathol. Soc. 4: p.216. (Abstr.).

Janutolo, D. B., and R. J. Stipes. 1977. Factors effecting the disk bioassay technique in fungicide evaluation. Va. J. Sci. 28:73. (Abstr.).

Justis, S. F., D. B. Janutolo, and R. J. Stipes. 1977. Effect of benzimidazole fungitoxicants on budbreak, phytotoxicity and Dutch elm disease expression in three-year-old American elm. Va. J. Sci. 28:52. (Abstr.).

Ko lpak, M. X., P. P. Feret, R. J. Stipes, and R. E. Adams. 1977. Type and frequency of fungi in and on pistillate flowers of white oak (Quercus alba L.). Va. J. Sci. 28:73. (Abstr.) 12

Okie, W. R., and R. J. Stipes. 1977. Control of Fusarium wilt of tomato with systemic benzimidazole fungitoxicants. Va. J. Sci. 28:54. (Abstr.).

Roane, M. K., and R. J. Stipes. 1977. Color reactions and color development in Endothia. Va. J. Sci. 28:75. (Abstr.).

Roane, M. K., and R. J. Stipes. 1977. Fungal associates of parasites of certain species ofFagaceae. Va. J. Sci. 28:76. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J., M. K. Roane, and D. Reigle. 1977. Electrophoretic differentiation of Endothiafluens and Endothia parasitica, including the hypovirulent strain, on isoelectric focused polyacrylamide gels. Va. J. Sci. 28:77. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J. 1977. Cankering and blighting oflive oak (Quercus virginiana) in Virginia. Va. J. Sci. 28:76. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J. 1977. Concepts and comparative methodology in the control of Dutch elm disease. In Proc. Conf. On the current state of the art of Dutch elm disease control, National Arborists' Association, Wantagh, NY. p.63-70.

Hunter, P. P., andR. J. Stipes. 1978. The effects of month of inoculation withEndothia gyrosaon development of pruned branch canker of pin oak (Quercus palustris). Plant Dis. Reptr. 62:940-944.

Roane, M. K., and R. J. Stipes. 1978. Pigments in the fungal genus Endothia. Va. J. Sci. 29:137- 141.

Stipes, R. J., and G. L. Clement. 1978. Anthracnose of Acer platanoides in Virginia. Va. J. Sci. 29:76. (Abstr.).

Appel, D. N., M. K. Roane, and R. J. Stipes. 1978. Stromata of Endothia species as observed with the scanning electron microscope. Va. J. Sci. 29:73. (Abstr.)

Janutolo, D. B., and R. J. Stipes. 1978. Benzimidazole fungitoxicants in Virginia soils: Movement, disappearance, and effect on microorganisms. Va. Water Resources Res. Center Bull. 113. 64 p.

Roane, M. K., and R. J. Stipes. 1978. Observations of isolates of Endothia gyrosa, E.parasitica, andE. radicalis. Va. J. Sci. 29:76. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J., G. E. Emert, R. D. Brown, Jr., J.E. Talmadge, and M. K. Roane. 1978. Differentiation of Endothia gyrosa and E. parasitica by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Va. J. Sci. 29: 13

Stipes, R. J., and M. K. Roane. 1978. Fungal associates of trees in Virginia. Va. J. Sci. 29:47. (Abstr.).

Kolpak, M. X., J. Anderson, R. J. Stipes, R. J. Campana, and W.R. Landis. 1978. Distribution of gravity flow-administered 2-( 4-thiazolyl) benzimidazole hypophosphite (Arbotect 20-S) in landscape American elms. Phytopathology News 12:70. (Abstr.).

Appel, D. N., and R. J. Stipes. 1978. Studies on pin oak blight at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. Phytopathology News 12:206. (Abstr.).

Elkins, J. R., G. J. Griffin, and R. J. Stipes. 1978. Blight development and methyl-2- benzimidazole carbamate levels in bark tissues of American chestnut trees following soil injection ofbenomyl. Proc. Amer. Chestnut Symp. p.73-78. West Va. Books, Morgantown.

Roane, M. K, and R. J. Stipes. 1978. An evaluation of fungal genus Endothia. Proc. Amer. Chestnut Symp. p. 50-54. West Va. Univ. Books, Morgantown.

Stipes, R. J., D. N. Appel, and M. K. Roane. 1978. Endothia species as pathogens of chestnut and oak. Proc. Amer. Chestnut Symp. p. 42-49. West. Va. Univ. Books, Morgantown.

Conner, C. W., R. J. Stipes, R. W. Tillman, and D. F. Amos. 1979. Movement and disappearance ofCaptan ® and Difolatan ® in Woodstown loamy sand soil. Va. J. Sci. 30:31. (Abstr.).

Spoor, C. A., R. J. Stipes, D. M. Orcutt, and R. W. Tillman. 1979. Control ofFusarium wilt of tomato with Cycocel ® and Lignasan BLP ®. Va. J. Sci. 30:58. (Abstr.).

Janutolo, D. B., and R. J. Stipes. 1979. Response of aggressive and non-aggressive isolates of Ceratocystis ulmi in benzimidazole carbamate fungitoxicants. Va. J. Sci. 30:132-34.

Appel, D. N., R. J. Stipes, and S. S. Brown. 1979. Influence of water stress on Endothia gyrosa canker development in containerized pin oaks. Phytopathology 69:534. (Abstr.).

Kolpak, M. X., P. P. Feret, and R. J. Stipes. 1980. Fungi associated with pistillate flowers of white oak and their effect on pollen germination. Forest Ecol. And Management. 3 :69-72.

Stipes, R. J. 1980. Chemical control of disease oflandscape trees. In 1980 Virginia Pest Management Guide, Pest Management Guide 1, VPI & SU Coop. Ext. Serv., Blacksburg, Va. (Revised and Pub. Ann. 1981-1993.)

Alger, L.A., R. J. Stipes, H. L. Heikkenen, and J. A. Daubert. 1980. Early, pre-visual thermal imagery detection of Dutch elm disease. Phytopathology 70:687. (Abstr.). 14

Stipes, R. J., and J. A. Daubert. 1980. Cycloheximide-amended media for the differentiation of Endothiaparasitica and E. gyrosa. Va. J. Sci. 31:107. (Abstr.).

Weaver, M. J., and R. J. Stipes. 1980. Decline of Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) on landscape in Virginia. Va. J. Sci. 31:108. (Abstr.).

Campana, R. J., and R. J. Stipes. 1981. Introduction. p. 1,2. In R. J. Stipes and R. J. Campana, eds., Compendium of Elm Diseases. Amer. Phytopathol. Soc., Minneapolis, MN. 96pp.

Truax, P.A., and R. J. Stipes. 1981. Comparative systemic distribution of Arbotect 20-S, Vanguard, Lignasan BLP, Bloc and Nuarimol in Ulmus americana. Phytopathology 71:771.

Weaver, M. J., J. A. Fox, R. L. Dow, and R. J. Stipes. 1981. Pinewood nematode found associated with landscape pines in Virginia. Phytopathology 71 :771. (Abstr.).

Micales, J. A., and R. J. Stipes. 1981. The use of comparative cychloheximide sensitivities for the differentiation of Endothia gyrosa from E. parasitica. Phytopathology. 71 :894. (Abstr.).

Weaver, M. J., R. J. Stipes, D. F. Amos, and H.J. Heikkenen. 1981. Factors associated with declining Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) on Virginia landscapes. Phytopathology 71 :772. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J., and R. J Campana. 1981. The elm family. pp. 2,3. In R. J. Stipes and R. J., Campana, eds., Compendium of Elm Diseases. Amer. Phytopathol. Soc., Minneapolis, MN. 96pp.

Stipes, R. J., and R. J. Campana. 1981. Elm Disease. pp. 5,6. In R. J. Stipes and R. J. Campana, eds., Compendium of Elm Diseases. Amer. Phytopathol. Soc., Minneapolis, MN. 96pp.

Stipes, R. J., and R. J. Campana. 1981. Foliar disease. pp.42-45. In R. J. Stipes and R. J., Campana, eds., Compendium of Elm Diseases. Amer. Phytopathol. Soc., Minneapolis, MN. 96 pp.

Campana, R. J., and R. J. Stipes. 198L Dutch elm diseases in North America with particular reference to Canada: Success or failure of conventional methods for control. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 3:252:259.

Campana, R. J., and R. J. Stipes. 1981. Dutch elm disease: History in North America. pp.7,8. In R. J. Stipes and R J. Campana, eds. Compendium of Elm Diseases. Amer. Phytopathol. Soc., MN. 96pp. 15

Stipes, R. J., J. A. Micales, J. L. Ratliff, and S. R. Lawrence. 1981. The elm in human history. Va. J. Sci. 32:105. (Abstr.).

Campana, R. M., and R. J. Stipes. 1981. Mistletoe disease. pp. 56, 57, 74. In R. J. Stipes and R. J. Campana, eds., Compendium of Elm Diseases. Amer. Phytopathol. Soc. MN. 96 pp.

Elmer, W. H., and R. J. Stipes. 1981. The soil degradation of dicloran, iprodione and vinclozolin in lodi loam and Woodstown sandy soils. Phytopathology 71 :872 (Abstr.).

Campapa, R. J., and R. J. Stipes. 1981. Minor phenomena associated with elm. pp. 73,74. In R. J. Stipes and R. J. Campana, eds., Compendium of Elm Diseases. Amer. Phytopathol. Soc., Minneapolis, MN. 96pp.

Campana, R. J., and R. J. Stipes. 1981. Dutch elm disease: Control, pp. 18-22. In R. J. Stipes· and R. J. Campana, eds., Compendium of Elm Diseases. Amer. Phytopathol. Soc. Minneapolis, MN. 96pp.

Stipes, R. J., and R. J. Campana. 1981. Chemical toxicity. pp.58-61. In R. J. Stipes and R. J. Campana, eds;, Compendium of Elm Diseases. Amer. Phytopathol. Soc. Minneapolis, MN. 96pp.

Stipes, R. J., and R. J Campana. 1981. Mechanical damage. pp. 62-65. In R. J. Stipes and R. J. Campana, eds., Compendium of Elm Diseases. Amer. Phytopathol. Soc., Minneapolis, MN. 96pp.

Elmer, W. H., and R. J. Stipes. 1981. The mobility of dichloran, iprodione and vinclozolin in lodi and Woodstown loamy sand soils. Phytopathology 71 :766. (Abstr.).

Micales, J. A., and R. J. Stipes. 1981. The use of cycloheximide to differentiate Endothia parasitica andE. gyrosa. Phytopathology 71:769. (Abstr.).

Micales, J. A., R. J. Stipes, J. L. Ratliff, and S. R. Lawrence. 1981. Botanical aspects of the genus Ulmus. Va J. Sci. 32:104. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J., and R. J. Campana (eds.). 1981. Compendium of Elm Diseases. Amer. Phytopathol. Soc., Minneapolis Mn. 96pp.

Micales, J. A., R. J. Stipes, J. L. Ratliff, and S. R. Lawrence. 1981. Global diseases of the elm. Va. J. Sci. 32:104. (Abstr.).

Janutolo, D. B., and R. J. Stipes. 1982. Separation of Endothia parasitica and E. gyrosa by their utilization of galactose and sorbose. Va. J. Sci. 33:125. (Abstr.). 16

Micales, J. A., R. J. Stipes, and G. H. Lacy. 1982. Distribution of Pseudomonas syringae in Ulmus americana following administration by infusion. Va. J. Sci. 33:128. (Abstr.).

Micales, J. A., and R. J. Stipes. 1982. The use of 2-(4-thiazolyl)-benzimidazole hypothosphite for the differentiation of Endothia gyrosa and E. parasitica. Phytopathology 72:709. (Abstr.).

Wick, R. L., and R. J. Stipes. 1982. Anthracnose of shade trees. Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Plant Protection Newsletter 1( 6) :21-25.

Wick, R. L., and R. J. Stipes. 1982. Dieback and decline of trees in the urban environment. Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Plant Protection Newsletter 1(4):15-16.

Micales, J. A., and R. J. Stipes. 1982. Separation of Endothia parasitica and E. gyrosa on the basis of their differential sensitivity to thiabendazole hypophosphite. Va. J. Sci. 33:127. (Abstr.)

Stipes, R. J., A. B. A. M. Baudoin, and J. A. Micales. 1982. Teaching introductory plant pathology theory at the undergraduate level. Va. J. Sci. 33:130. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J., G. H. Emert, and R. D. Brown, Jr. 1982. Differentiation of Endothia gyrosa and E. parasitica by disc electrophoresis of intramycelial enzymes and proteins. Mycologia 74:138- 141.

Brenneman, T. B., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1983. Sensitivity of Sclerotinia minor from peanut to dicloran, iprodione and vinclozolin. Phytopathology 73:964. (Abstr.)

Brenneman, T. B., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1983. Tolerance of Sclerotinia minor to vinclozolin, iprodione and dicloran. Proc. Amer. Res. Educ. Soc. 15:103. (Abstr.)

Poe, S. L., M. H. Rhodes, and R. J. Stipes. 1983. Population growth and hypopi formation of Rhizoglyphus robiniae claparede (Astigmata:Acaridae) reared on five soil fungi. Entomol. Soc. Am. Eastern Branch 55th Annu. Mtg. (Abstr.). 76.

Micales, J. A., and R. J. Stipes. 1983. The differentiation of Endothia parasitica from E. gyrosa by polyacrylamide vertical slab gel electrophoresis. Phytopathology 73:797. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J., and J. A. Micales. 1983. The mirage of plant health. Va. J. Sci. 34:143. (Abstr.).

Weaver, M. J., and R. J. Stipes. 1983. The etiology of decline of Pinus strobus on Virginia landscape. Phytopathology 73:1348. (Abstr.).

Micales, J. A., and R. J Stipes. 1983. Intraspecific variations in protein complements in isolates of Endothia radicalis. Va. J. Sci. 34:140. (Abstr.). 17

Micales, J. A., and R. J. Stipes. 1983. Taxonomic implications of comparative sensitivities of Endothia parasitica and E. gyrosa to captan, chlortetracycline, dichloran, fungisol and vinclozolin. Va. J. Sci. 34:140. (Abstr.).

Micales, J. A., R. L. Wiley, R. J. Stipes, D. E. Rindal, and W. L. MacDonald. 1983. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of six morphological groups of Endothia parasitica. Phytopathology 73 :968.

Micales, J. A., and R. J. Stipes. 1984. Differentiation of Endothia and Cryphonectria species by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Phytopathology 74:883-884. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J. 1984. Diseases oflandscape trees. In Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Pest Management Guide for Home Grounds and Gardens. Pub. 456-020. p. 100-105.

Weidhaas, J. A., and R. J. Stipes. 1984. What's killing and bugging our shade trees? Virginia Forests 40:7-9.

Stipes, R. J., and N. K. Rogers. 1984. Phytotoxic responses of Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) to prolonged exposure of eight commonly used landscape herbicides. Va. J. Sci. 35:71. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J. 1984. Comparative susceptibility of eight species of Albizzia to Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum £ sp.perniciosus. Va. J. Sci. 35:72. (Abstr.).

Micales, J. A., and R. J. Stipes. 1984. The differentiation of eleven species of Endothia by polyecrylanide gel electrophoresis. Va. J. Sci. 35:95. (Abstr.).

Brenneman, T. B., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1984. Characterization of Sclerotinia minor isolates with tolerance to dicloran, iprodione and vinclozolin. Phytopathology 74:755. (Abstr.).

Brenneman, T. B., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1984~ A rapid technique to assess pathogenicity of Sclerotinia minor on peanut. Phytopathology 74:815. (Abstr.).

Brenneman,T. B., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1984. Effects of dicloran, iprodione and vinclozolin on size and formation of sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor. Va. J. Sci. 35:62. (Abstr.).

Appel, D. N., and R. J. Stipes. 1984. Canker expansion on water stressed pin oaks colonized by Endothia gyrosa. Plant Dis. 68:851-853.

Micales, J. A., and R. J. Stipes. 1985. The differentiation of Endothia and Cryphonectria species by cycloheximide sensitivity and esterase activity. Phytopathology 75:627. (Abstr.) 18

Micales, J. A., and R. J. Stipes. 1985. A re-examination of the morphology of Endothia and C,yphonectria. Phytopathology 75:1322. (Abstr.).

Micales, J. A., R. J. Stipes, and M. R. Bonde. 1985. On the conspecificity of Endothia eugeniae and Cryphonectria cubensis. Va. J. Sci. 36:123. (Abstr.).

Brenneman, T. B., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1985. Effect of substrate on expression of resistance to dicarboximide fungicides fo Sclerotinia minor. Va. J. Sci. 36:85. (Abstr.).

Weaver, M. J., and R. J. Stipes. 1985. Seasonal (cyclic) chlorosis in environmentally stressed eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) in the Virginia highlands. Va. J. Sci. 36:95 (Abstr.).

Campana, R. J., and R. J. Stipes. 1985. A proposed list of common names for diseases of elm. PhytopathologyNews 19:186.

Stipes, R. J. 1985. Anthracnose and other foliar problems of landscape trees. Plant protection Newsletter 4:10-12. Va. Tech Ext. Div., Blacksburg, Va.

Micales, J. A., and R. J Stipes. 1985. The use of isozyme analysis for the differentiation of downy mildew (Peribisckerisoira) taxa. Va. J. Sci. 36:123.

Stipes, R. J. 1985. Diseases oflandscape trees. In Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Pest Management Guide for Shade Trees and Shrubs. Pub. 456-020. p. 1-6.

Brenneman, T. B., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1985. Resistence of dicloran, iprodione and vinclozolin on peanut vines under field conditions. Phytopathology 75:623. (Abstr.)

Rhodes, M. H., S. L. Poe, and R. J. Stipes. 1985. Transformation ofhypopodes of Rhizoglypus robini Claparede (Acari:Astimgata:Acaridae) on cultures of three fungal pathogens of bulbs. Phytopathology. 75:628. (Abstr.).

Brenneman, T. B., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1985. Performance characteristics of dichloran, iprodione and vinclozolin for control of Sclerotinia blight of peanut. Proc. Amer. Res. Educ. Soc. 17: (Abstr.)

Campana, R. J., and R. J. Stipes. 1985. Elm survival after 40 years of Dutch elm disease. Phytopathology 75:624. (Abstr.)

Elmer, W. H., and R. J. Stipes. 1985. Movement and disappearance of dicloran, iprodione and vinclozolin in peanut and non-peanut soils. Plant Dis. 69:292-294.

Stipes, R. J., and R. J. Campana. 1986. Introducing and evaluating liquid fungicide in elm trees for the control of Dutch elm disease and other disorders. In K. D. Hickey et. al., eds., Methods 19

for Evaluating Pesticides for Control of Plant Pathogens. Amer. Phytopathol. Soc., St. Paul, MN. 2nded. Pp. 261-265.

Appel, D. N., and R. J. Stipes. 1986. A description of declining and blighted pin oaks in eastern Virginia. J. Arboric. 12:155-158.

Micales, J. A., and R. J. Stipes. 1986. The differentiation of Endothia and Cryphonectria species by exposure to selected fungitoxicants. Mycotaxon 26:99-117.

Rhodes, M. H., S. L. Poe, and R. J. Stipes. 1986. A technique for studying the relatioship of various bulb pathogens to bulb mites, Rhizoglyphus spp. (Acari:Astigmata:Acaridae ). Phytopathology 76:565. (Abstr.)

Stipes, R. J. 1986. Dutch elm update. The Virginia Gardener 5:3. Va. Tech Ext. Div. Blacksburg, Va.

Ove1ton, S. V., R. J. Stipes, and J. D. Eisenback. 1986. The effect of the fungicide thiabendazole and the antimyotic nystatin on the in vitro growth of Ceratocystis ulmi using vital stain techniques. Va. J. Sci. 37:81.

Stipes, R. J. 1986. Construction injury and soil stress to landscape trees. Plant Protection Newsletter 5:2-4. Va. Tech Ext. Div., Blacksburg, Va.

Brenneman, T. B., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1986. Thermal inactivation of sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor. Va. J. Sci. 37:41 (Abstr.).

Brenneman, T. B., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1986. Effect of dichloran, iprodione and vinclozolin on sclerotial populations of fungicide resistance of Sclerotinia minor in field microplots. Phytopathology 76:562. (Abstr.)

Derr, J. F., and R. J. Stipes. 1986. Phytotoxicity of infused herbicides to treated and adjacent pin oaks (Quercus palustris). Va. J. Sci. 37:43. (Abstr.)

Overton, S. V., and R. J. Stipes. 1986. In vitro effect of the fungicide thiabendazole on the fine structure of Ceratocystis ulmi. Phytopathology 76:565. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J., J. L. Ratliff, and R. Cu. 1986. Comparative growth response of fungi cultured on agar media sterilized by the autoclave or microwave oven. Va. J. Sci. 37:84. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J., J. L. Ratliff, R. B. Flinchum, and R. Cu. 1986. The effect ofroot severance stress on growth of pin oak (Quercus palustris) at Blacksburg, Va. Va. J. Sci. 37:50. (Abstr.). 20

Stipes, R. J., J. L. Ratliff, and J. A. Micales. 1986. Apple fruit lesion development induced by species of the Endothia/Cryphonectria complex as it relates to their taxonomic relationship. Va. J. Sci. 37:84. (Abstr.).

Specht, L. P., and R. J. Stipes. 1986. The efficacy of some fungicides after long-term storage. Va. J. Sci. 37:50. (Abstr.).

Micales, J. A., and R. J. Stipes. 1987. A re-examination of the fungal genera Cryphonectria and Endothia. Phytopathology 77:650-654.

Brenneman, T. B., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1987. In vitro dicarboximide resistance in Sclerotinia minor from peanut. Phytopathology 77: (Abstr.).

Cu, R. M., R. J. Stipes, and M. J. Weaver. 1987. Enhanced biodegradation ofmetalaxyl (Ridomil) fungicide in "history" Appling loam soil in Virginia. Phytopathology 77:986. (Abstr.).

Smith, F. D., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1987. Effect of field applications of iprodione on Sclerotinia blight of peanut and the causal fungus, Sclerotinia minor. Phypathology 77: (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J. 1987. Comparative translocation levels of Arbotect 20S (thiabendazole hypophosphite) fungicide injected into the American elm by shallow pit and flare root methods. Va. J. Sci. 38:64. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J., R. M. Cu, l L. Ratliff, T. D. Myers, T. B. Brenneman, B. J. Stipes, R. L. Fralin, and S. V. Overton. 1987. Comparative translocation of Arbotect injected via root flares or shallow bole pits in large American elm. Phytopathology 77:990. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J., D. B. Janutolo, C. W. Conner, W. H. Elmer, R. M. Cu, and M. J. Weaver. 1987. Movement and disappearance of fungicides in Virginia soils. Va. Water Resources Res. Forum Briefing papers. pp. 58-60.

Stipes, R. J., and M. J. Weaver. 1987. White pine decline on Virginia landscapes. The Virginia Gardener 6:3.

Brenneman, T. B., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1987. Sclerotinia blight of peanut: Relationship between in vitro resistance and field efficacy of dicarboximide fungicides. Phytopathology 77:1028-1032.

Brenneman, T. B., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1987. Control of Sclerotinia blight of peanut. Sensitivity and resistance of Sclerotinia minor to vinclozolin, iprodione, dicloran and PCNB. Plant Dis. 71 :87-90. 21

Brenneman, T. B., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1987. Performance characteristics of dichloran, iprodione and vinclozolin for control of Sclerotinia blight of peanut. Plant Dis. 71:546-548.

Micales, J. A., R. J. Stipes, and M. R. Bonde. 1987. On the conspecificity of Endothia eugeniae and Cryphonectria cubensis. Mycologia 79:707-720.

Smith, F. D., and R. J. Stipes. 1988. Effects of a topical disinfectant and selected fungicides on the germination of American elm (Ulmus americana) seeds. Va. J. Sci. 39:139. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J. 1988. Glitches and gaps in the science and technology of tree injection. J. Arboric. 14:165-172.

Stipes, R. J. 1988. The mentoring process in graduate education in plant pathology. Plant Dis. 72:924.

Weaver, M. J., and R. J. Stipes. 1988. White pine decline: A case study from Virginia landscapes. J. Arboric. 14:109-120.

Brenneman, T. B., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1988. A rapid method for evaluating genotype resistance, fungicide activity, and isolate pathogenicity of Sclerotinia minor in peanut. Peanut Sci. 15:104-107.

Stipes, R. J. 1988. What's new on the Dutch elm disease front? Plant Prot. Newsletter 7:17-18. Va. Tech Ext. Div., Blacksburg, Va. 24061.

Cu, R. M., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1988. Effect of soybean oil on control of early leafspot of peanut with chlorothalonil. Phytopathology 78: 861. (Abstr. ).

Fleischer, S. J., F. W. Ravlin, and R. J. Stipes. 1988. Symplastic and apoplastic transport of rubidium in pin oak following flare root injection of rubidium chloride. Va. J. Sci. 39:94. (Abstr.).

Smith, F. D., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1988. Effect ofRH-3486 on dicarboxide-resistant isolates of Sclerotinia minor. Phytopathology 78:863. (Abstr.).

Cu, R. M., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1988. Evaluation methods for fungicide spray adjuvant effects on disease control. Va. J. Sci. 39:93 (Abstr.).

Smith, F. D., R. J. Stipes, and P. M. Phipps. 1988. Fungitoxicity of experimental fungicide RH- 3486, carbendazin, fenpropimorph and thiabendazole to the growth of Ceratocystis fagacearum, Cryphonectria parasitica, Endothia gyrosa and Ophiostoma ulmi. Va. J. Sci. 3998. (Abstr.) 22

Stipes, R. J., and J. L. Ratliff. 1988. In vitro fungitoxic effects offungitoxicant combinations on the Dutch elm disease pathogen, Ophiostoma (Ceratocystis) ulmi. Va. J. Sci. 39:139.

Stipes, R. J., and K. S. Yoder. 1988. First reported occurrence of Dutch elm disease in Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) in Virginia at Winchester. Va. J. Sci. 39:131. (Abstr.).

Smith, F. D., R. J. Stipes,and P. M. Phipps. 1989. Effects of fungicide RH-3486 on Sclerotinia blight of peanut in field microplot tests. Phytopathology 79: 1170. (Abstr.).

Cu, R. M., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1989. Adjuvant effects of soy oil 937 on physical spray characteristics and disease control efficiency of fungicides against Cercospora leafspot and Sclerotina blight of peanut. 2nd Int. Symp. on Adjuvants for Agrichemicals. (Abstr. no. 74).

Smith, F. D., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1989. Effect of pinolene as an adjuvant to fungicides for Sclerotina blight and Cercospora leaf spot control of peanut. 2nd. Int. Symp. on Adjuvants for Agrichemicals. (Abstr. no. 73).

Cu, R. M., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1989. A new advisory program for fungicide application to control early leafspot of peanut. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 21

Guevara, G., R. J. Stipes, J. A. Weidhaas, Jr., and D. W. Smith. 1989. Competing fungi and insects associated with the cultivated shiitak:e mushroom (Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer) in Virginia. In Shiitake Mushroom Proceedings of a National Symposium and Trade Show. May, 1989. St. Paul, MN. pp. 209-217.

Rhoades, M. H., S. L. Poe, and R. J. Stipes. 1989. Transformations ofhypopodes of Rhizoglyphus robini (Acari:Astigmata:Acaridae) on cultures of three soil fungi. Exp. and Applied Acarology 6:91-94.

Hansen, M.A., and R. J. Stipes. 1989. The dogwood anthracnose scare. Plant Protection Newsletter 8: 19. Va. Tech Ext. Div., Blacksburg, Va. 24061.

Fleischer, S. J., D. Delorme, F. W. Ravlin, and R. J. Stipes. 1989. Implantation of acephate and injection of microbial insecticides into pin oaks for control of gypsy moths: Time and efficacy comparisons. J. Arboric. 15:153-158.

Weaver, M. J., and R. J. Stipes. 1989. The use of seasonal foliar color changes to diagnose stress in eastern white pine. J. Arboric. 16:137-142.

Fleischer, S. J., F. W. Ravlin, D. Delorme, R. J. Stipes, and M. L. McManus. 1990. Marking gypsy moth (Lepidoptera:Lymantriidae) life stages and products with low doses of rubidium injected or implanted into pin oak. J. Econ. Entomol. 83:2343-2348. 23

Cu, R. M., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1990. The effect of fungicide and cultivar selection on performance of the Virginia peanut leafspot advisory program. Proc. Am. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 22:(Abstr.).

Cu, R. M., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1990. A pathogen growth response model for fungicide application to control Cercospora leafspot of peanut. Phytopathology 80:670. (Abstr.).

Smith, F. D., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1990. Pathogencity of a dicarboximide-resistant isolate of Sclerotinia minor to peanut in microplots treated with fungicides. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc. 22: (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J. 1990. The new dogwood anthracnose: Is it all that bad? Va. J. Sci. 41:70. (Abstr.).

Guevara, G. G ., and R. J. Stipes. 1990. Competitive "weed fungi" in shiitake mushroom production in Virginia. Va. J. Sci. 41 :66. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J., D.L. Schweitzer, and M. W. Trammell, Jr. 1990. New and unreported diseases of Betula uber, round leaf birch (RLB), in the Mount Rogers, Va. propagation plots. Va. J. Sci. 41:69. (Abstr.)

Perry, T. 0., F. S. Santamour, Jr., R. J. Stipes, T. Shear, and A. L. Shigo. 1991. Exploring alternatives to tree injection. J. Arboric. 17:217-226.

Smith, F. D., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1991. Agar plate, soil plate, and field evaluation of fluazinam and other fungicides for control of Sclerotinia minor on peanut. Plant Dis. 75:1138- 1143.

Smith, F. D., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1991. Use of pinolene and other spray adjuvants with iprodione for improved control of Sclerotinia blight of peanut. Peanut Sci. 18:91-95.

Geuvara, G. G., R. J. Stipes, and D. W. Smith. 1991. Resident endophytic fungal populations in stressed and non-stressed scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea) in the Jefferson Natinal Forest at Blacksburg, Va. Va. J. Sci. 42:181. (Abstr.).

Guevara, G. G., J. G. Palmer, and R. J. Stipes. 1991. Comparative white rotting potential of the shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) fungus and the two major shiitake log "weed fungi" in the Virginia highlands. Va. J. Sci. 42:182. (Abstr.).

Geuvara, G. G., and R. J. Stipes. 1991. Sensitivities of Lentinus edodes, Graphostroma platystoma and Eutypa spinosa to fungitoxicants. Va. J. Sci. 42:182. (Abstr.). 24

Guevara, G. S., and R. J. Stipes. 1991. Temperature and pH growth optima on laboratory media of Lentinus edodes (shiitake mushroom) and the major shiitake log "weed fungi". Va. J. Sci. 42:182. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J., and J. L. Ratliff. 1991. Temperature growth ranges on potato-dextrose agar of regional isolates of the dogwood anthracnose fungus, Discula sp. Va. J. Sci. 42:189. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J., J. L. Ratliff, and A. Way. 1991. Protein profiles on acrylamide gels ofregional isolates of the dogwood anthracnose fungus, Discula sp. Va. J. Sci. 42:190. (Abstr.).

Smith, F. D., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1991. Effect of pinolene as an adjuvant to iprodione for control of Sclerotina blight of peanut. In C. L. Foy, ed. Adjuvants for Agrichemicals. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fl. pp. 649-656.

Cu, R. M., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1992. Adjuvant effects of soy oil 937 on fungicides for control of early leafspot and Sclerotina blight in peanut. In C. L. Foy, ed. Adjuvants for Agrichemicals. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fl. pp. 657-666.

Stipes, R. J., and G. Guevara. 1992. Competing fungi associated with the short life of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) production logs in the New River farming region of Virginia. New River Symp. Proc.

Thomam, K. T., R. J. Stipes,and R. L. Grayson. 1992. Effect of acid deposition on trichome morphology and dogwood anthracnose biology. Proc. 50th Annual Meeting of the Electron Microscopy Soc. Amer. p.840.

Smith, F. D., and R. J. Stipes. 1992. Relationship of water-droplet contact angle on leaves of Cornus spp. to susceptibility of dogwood anthracnose development. Va. J. Sci. 43:241. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J. 1992. Ten Essential Steps for Maintaining Healthy Dogwoods. The Va. Gardener

Newsletter. 11(7). July 1992 1

Smith, F. D., J.B. Crozier, and R. J. Stipes. 1992. Management of dogwood anthracnose with fungicides. Va. J. Sci. 43:240. (Abstr.).

Thomam, K. T., R. J. Stipes, and R. L. Grayson. 1992. Effect of acid deposition on trichome morphology and dogwood anthracnose biology. Va. J. Sci. 43:242

Crozier, J B., R. J. Stipes, and H. L. Warren. 1992. Long-term in vitro viability of Discula destructiva conidia as determined by autofluoresence microscopy. Va. J. Sci. 43:236 25

Thomam, K. T., R. J. Stipes, and R. L. Grayson. 1992. Scanning electron microscopy of upper ( adaxial) leaf surface of C.florida, C. kousa var. angustata, C. obliqua, C. racemosa and C. stolonifera. Va. J. Sci. 43:241.

Smith, F. D., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1992. Fluazinam: A new fungicide for control of Sclerotinia blight. Peanut Sci. 19:115-120.

Guevara, G. G., R. J. Stipes, and J. G. Palmer. 1993. Potencial supresivo de fungicidas contra hongus contaminantes en troncos de shiitake (Lentinus edodes). Reported Cientifa No. Esp. 13:147-154, Universidad Autonoma de Nueva Leon, Lenares, N. L., Mexico.

Crozier, J.B., K. T. Thornham, R. J. Stipes, and H. L. Warren. 1993. Survivability of Discula destructiva condia along thermal stress regimes. Va. J. Sci. 44:118. (Abstr.).

Thompson, R. D., D. B. Vann, R. Shield, J. Duncker, and R. J. Stipes. 1993. Effects of sterol inhibiting fungicides on seed germination and seedling growth of American elm, tomato, rye and ryegrass. Va. J. Sci. 44:124. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J., F. D. Smith, J. L. Ratliff, and H. L. Witt. 1993. Comparative suppressive effects on 'Roma' tomato of five sterol-inhibiting fungicides. Va. J. Sci. 44:124. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J., and S. W. Bingham. 1993. Health and vigor of a live oak (Quercus virginiana) growing at 700 meters elevation at Blacksburg, Va. Va. J. Sci. 44:123. (Abstr.).

Vann, D. B., and R. J. Stipes. 1993. Ascorbic acid intervention in the management ofFusarium wiltof'BonnyBest' tomato. Va. J. Sci. 44:125. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J. 1993. Diseases and forest management. Va. Forest Pest Control Training Manual. Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. VPI & SU. Blacksburg, Va.

Stipes, R. J. 1993. Diseases of ornamental plants and landscape trees and their management.. Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Pesticide Training Manual, VPI & SU, Blacksburg, Va.

Crozier, J.B., and R. J. Stipes. 1994. Abiotic stressors in the dogwood anthracnose complex. 1. Effects of temperature on the growth and survival of Discula destructiva. Va. J. Sci. 45:67. (Abstr.)

Crozier, J.B., R. J. Stipes, and K. T. Thornham. 1994. Abiotic stressors in the dogwood anthracnose complex. 11. Effects of acidic fog on leaf surface anatomy of Cornus florida and C. kousa seedlings. Va. J. Sci. 45:67. (Abstr.).

Crozier, J.B., K. T. Thornham, and R. J. Stipes. 1994. Effects of acidic fog on leaf surface anatomy of Cornus florida and C. kousa seedlings. 1994. Phytopathology 84:542. (Abstr.). 26

Stipes, R. J., and Guevara-Guerrero, G. 1994. Microfungal evidence for the possible dysfunction of shiitake production logs in Virginia. Va. J. Sci. 45:73. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J. 1994. Preventive and therapeutic management of Dutch elm disease with fenpropimorph and propiconazole fungicides. Phytopathology 84:548. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J. 1994. Storm damage to trees. Plant Protection News, Vol. 13, No. 1, April 1994.

Stipes, R. J. 1994. Diseases oflandscape trees. Va. Coop. Ext. Pest Management Guide for Home Grounds and Animals. Pub. 456-018, pp. 94-99. (Rev. Ann. 1995-2002)

Stipes, R. J. 1994. Diseases and forest management. Ch. 3 in "Virginia Forest Pest Control Manual". 1994. (Rev. Ann. 1995-2002)

Crozier, J.B., and R. J. Stipes. 1994. Effects of temperature on growth and survival of Discula destructiva Phytopathology 84:542. (Abstr.).

Smith, F. D., P. M. Phipps, R. J. Stipes, and T. B. Brenneman. 1995. Significance of insensitivity of Sclerotinia minor to ipriodione in control of Sclerotinia blight of peanut. Plant Dis. 79:517- 523.

Stipes, R. J., and H. L. Witt. 1995. A tree grows in Virginia. Va. J. Sci. 46:105. (Abstr.).

Stipes, R. J. 1995. Trojan horses in Appalachian forests. Va. J. Sci. 46:148. (Abstr.).

Bigelow, C. A., R. J. Stipes, and D.R. Chambers. 1995. Creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass response to propiconazole. Va. J. Sci. 46:102. (Abstr.).

Langston, D. B., R. J. Stipes, and P. M. Phipps. 1997. Arachis hypogea: An immigrant worth keeping. Va. J. Sci. 48:97. (Abstr.).

Armel, G. R., R. J. Richardson, R. J. Stipes, and P. L. Hipkins. 1997. Biocontrol of the invasive Ailanthus altissima with fungal weaponry. Va. J. Sci. 48:94. (Abstr.).

Rhoades, R. W., and R. J. Stipes. 1997. Growth of trees on the Virginia Tech Campus in response to varius stress factors. Va. J. Sci. 48:101. (Abstr.).

Langston, D. B., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1997. Effect of plant growth and canopy modification on Sclerotinia blight of peanut. Amer. Pean. Res. & Edu. Assoc. Proc. 29:34. (Abstr.).

Langston, D. B., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1997. Assessment of fungicide protection intervals for control of Sclerotinia blight of peanut. Phytopathology 87:S56. (Abstr.). 27

Armstrong, S. D., R. J. Stipes, H. M. McNair, H. L. Warren. 1998. Microwave-assisted extraction versus thermal desorption GC-ECD-MS ofpropiconazole from elm wood. Phytopathology 88:S 128. (Abstr.).

Rhoades, R. W., and R. J. Stipes. 1999. Growth of trees on the Virginia Tech campus in response to various factors. J. Arboriculture 25:211-217.

Glenn, D. L., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 1999. Occurrence of Cylindrocladium parasiticum in peanut seed and seed transmission of Cylindrocladium black rot. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. and Edu. Assoc. 31:40.

Nesbitt, R. B., T. E. Tidwell, R. J. Stipes, and G. J. Griffin. 1999. First report of mimosa wilt disease of silk tree (Albiziajulibrissin) in California caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. perniciosum. Pl. Dis. 83:487. (Note).

Stipes, R. J. 2000. The management of Dutch elm disease. In C. P. Dunn, ed., The Elms: Breeding, Conservation, and Disease Management. Kluwer Acad. Publishers, Boston, pp.157- 172.

Glenn, D. L., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 2000. Transmission of Cylindrocladium parasiticum in peanut seed. Phytopathology 90:Sl32.

Rhoades, R. W., and R. J. Stipes. 2000. Ice damage to trees on the Virginia Tech campus. Va. J. Sci. 51 :94. (Abstr.) ..

Glenn, D. J., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 2000. Field incidence of Cylindrocladium black rot of peanut as a result of seed transmission of Cylindrocladium parasiticum in peanut seed. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. and Ed. Assoc. 32:__ . (Abstr.).

Glenn, D. L., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 2000. Transmission of Cylindrocladium parasiticum in peanut seed. Phytopathology 90:Sl32.

Rhoades, R. W., and R. J. Stipes. 2001. Ice damage to trees on the Virginia Tech campus. J. Arboriculture 27:_

Glenn, D. L., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 2001. Control of seed transmission of Cylindrocladium parasiticum in peanut with seed treatment fungicides. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. and Edu. Assoc. 33: __

Glenn, D. L., P. M. Phipps, and R. J. Stipes. 2001. Evaluation of seed treatment for suppression of seed transmission of Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) of peanut, 2000. Fungi. & Nemat. Tests 56:_