L Jisi.orical, C!5t.O'grllllfiical a:n~ Statistical.

S DTHERLll,'D . MENZIES, . ~ . .lU'rBoa 0' •••~ I'.a.VOO81Tl!B," "f'OLI'ftCAL WOIID," "IltlinI&T ", IaAlrC£," "lDInOay 0' ~."

VOL. I.

LONDON, W~ U. ALLEN & CO., 13, WATERLOO PLACE, S.W..

I'OBLIlBBB8 'to mw IJ'DU OntOL 1880. v ~ I ' n1~ GO. I 2S-4(

...... , YOO»P.U.a. .AD m:nwsa, rar:nw ...

III:U'CJIJI» ~ ~ W..(. 168 IN THE FORBIDDEN LAND whisper of death. The Rongba, crouched with teeth chattering, was moaning, and his sudden shudders bespoke great pain. It seemed only common charity to let him have the blanket, which was in any case too small for both, so I wI'apped it tightly l:ound his head and body.' He was doubled up with his chin on his knees. This small exertion was quite sufficient to make me lose the tug-of-war in which I was pulling against nature. Just like the subject who, undel' hypnotic influence, feels his own will and power suddenly going from him, so I felt the entire hopelessness of further struggle against the supernatural forces I was contendil!g with. FaIling backwards on the snow, I made a last desperate effort to gaze at the glittering stars ... my sight becanle dim and obscured.... For how long this semi-consciousness lasted, I do not know. /( God! how ghastly! Doctor! Kachi! " I tried to articulate. My voice seemed choked in my throat. Was what I saw before me real? . The two men, as if frozen to death by the side of each other, seemed lying on that vast white sheet of snow, motionless as statues of ice. In my dream I attempted to raise theIn. They were quite rigid. I knelt beside them, calling them and frantically strivi'ng to bring them back to consciousness and life. Bewildered, I turned round to look for Bijesing, and, as I di1 so, all - sense of vitality seeTned to freeze within me. I saw myself enclosed in a quickly contracting. tomb of transparent ice. It was easy to realise that I ~oo would shortly be nothing but a solid block of ice, like my companions. :My legs, my arms were already congealed. Horror-stricken as I was at the approach of such a hopeless, ghastly death, my sensations were accompanied by a languor and lassitude indescribable hut far from unpleasant. To some PREFACE. - THB momentous events recently occurring in the East of Europe were the sequel and consequence of revolutions which have agitated that part of the world for several centuries. To thoroughly understand the facts now being accomplished from day to day, it is necessary to follow in its principal features, general results, and most important revolutions, the history of the formation, grandeur, and , decadence of the OTTOMAN EMPIRE. In tracing the his­ torical development and ethnical peculiarities of the Turks, the author has endeavoured to give a clear idea of the institutions, manners, races, peoples, and religions of the Empire, composed of so many different elements; and also as far as practicable an accurate knowledge of the geography of those still imperfectly known countries. This last-named feature, it is hoped, will be of great. service to geography as well as history, and of the utmost interest to all who follow with serious attention the pro­ ~ess of events affecting what in this country is broadly and generally known as the EASTERN QUESTION. The statistics of the Ottoman Empire are .derived from , the most trustworthy sources. For these the Author has been greatly indebted to recent researches-notably those of M. Vladimir Jakschitj. Director of the Statistical vor. I. 6 VI PREFACE. . Department of Servia, and of Mr. J. W. Redhonse, the well-known Tnrkish scholar; lIB also Herren Behm and Wagner. The sources to which recourse has been made in the historical portion of the work are too numerous to cite here, but which have been acknowledged either in the text or in the foot-notes.

SUTHERLAND .MENZIES.

COIlIllE.

ALExA. liDBA. BoAD,

SOUTH H.ul1'8TEAD. CONTENTS. -VOL. I. BOOK I. PAGII INTRODUCTION 1

CHAPrER I. IIBCTIO. I. Anta.goniam of the East and Weat . 6 2. Mahomet, the Koran, its Dogm.. and Precepts 7 3. Errore of the Koran . • .' 11 oj,. Death of Mahomet. A ....h Conqnest. 15 5. The First KbaJifes, the Ommiades and Ahb... sides . . 19

CHAPTER II. Fao. THB ADVENT or TllB S.ELlUKIDU TO THAT or TIlE OTTOHAN8. 1. Origin of the Turks. Deeadence of the Kheli1'ats • 25 2. Invasion of the Mongols . 37 8. Sequel of the Mongol Conquests. Destruction of the KbaJifats of Bagdnd. Summary of the sO: preceding centuries 89

CHAPTERID. THB OTTOllWl TuB"" .0 THB RBIG" O. AHUIlATH L (1231-1360). 1. Origio of the Ottomans. Orthognel "" 2. Reign of Othoman . 51 3. Reign of Orohan 56 4. Early Contests of the Turks and Greeks in Europe. 62 5: HiBtory of Servia, Bosnia, Albania, &0. • 66

CHAPTER IV. ,RBIG"B O. AHUIlATH L .urn BAlAZET L (136()"1402). 1: Amurath L Organization of the Janissariea . . 71 2. Acquisitions in Asia Minor. Feuda! organization of the Sipahis 77 8. N ... Conqnesta in Europe and Asia. Battle of Iconium 79 Vlll CONTENTS.

IIICITIn PH • .... Battle of Kaasova. Death of Amurath . . 81 5. Bajazet I. Abasement of tho Wallachia and Bulgaria • 83 6. Submission of .Asia Minor. Battle of Nioopo1ia. Conquoot 01 Greece • " 86 7. Conq1U!8ta of Tamerlane • 91 8. Wor between Timour ....d Bajazet. Battle of Angora. Death of Bajazet. ~

CHAPl'ER V. I RBlon or lIlAIrouT I .• or Alro&m n. AJlo or ~(J)[ft n TO TIlB CAl'T1JJlB or COIIlI'UlITIlIoPLB (1403-1~3). 1. Interregnum. War between the lIOD&of Bajazot (1403-1413) • 98 2. Reign of Mahomet L (1413-1421) • 101 S. Amurath n (1421-1450). Civil War. Siege of COIlItantinop\e. Submission of the Turkish States of .Asia Minor • 105 .... Wora in Albmia, W ..na.hi... and Sonia. Bnnyado Corrin.... D. feat of tho Ottomon. • 100 5. Battle of V...... Sca.nderbeg. Battle of Kaooova 112 6. Reign of Mahomet n. Siege and Capture of COIlItantinople 115

BOOK II. FBDx ,.,.. CAl'T1JU or COIIl'!AJ/'IIlIoru ft TIlB Pun or CnunrID (1~1699). CHAPJ.'ER L RUG. 0' ~ n ftOJl TIlB CAl'T1JU or ConrAJITDOPLII (1~1481). L ConditioD 01 the Greeb after the Ccmqueot • 125 2. Tho Ccmqueot of Bema • • 128 S. Subjection of tho llozo&. Wor againd s-derbeg. Coaqn..u ia Asia • 131 .... Conquest 01 Wallaebi&. CPno1tieo of WJad 1M Do..a • 133 5. Ccmqueat 01 Boaoia. W ... with the Voneliano ad in A1bani& • 136 6. Conqneat of Kammania • 139 7. Wor in:Moldavia. Conqneat 01 tho on- . 142 8. Captano of CnDa.. Siege of Bcntari. Peace with tho Venetiau. 144 9. Expoditione into Bnnguy and Italy. Siege at JIhodea 1~ 10. CIwaeteIr of vobmn ... n. 1Iia ~ • 148 CONTENTS. IX

.CHAPTER n. H.BIGX 0. BAlAZM ll. AliD OP SBLUl (1481-1520). 1. Revolt and Adventares of Djem • 159 2. ExpeditiOll8 in Hnngary, Moldavia, and Asia Minor 163 8. Firat RelatiOllB with H.IlBIlia. War with the Venetians . 165 ~ Revolt of the Sons of Bajazet. His death • 167 o. Salim L (1512-1520). War with Persia • 168 6. Conqnest of Egypt. Death and Charactar of Selim 178

CHAPTER m. REIGX o. SOLYIWII L 1520 ~o T1IE YBAB 1535. 1. Firat Acts of Solyman. Capture of Belgrade and of Rhodes 179 2. The Gnmd Vizier Ibra.bim. Tronb1es in Egypt, in the Crimea, in W~. 1~ 3. Now Policy of Franoe with Relation to the Ottoman Empire. Francis L asks aid from Solyma.n. The Snltan's Letter. 184. ~ The Battle of Mohscz 190 o. Revolte in Asia 192 6. Now Relations of Francis Land Solyman 193 7. Seoond Expedition into Hnngary. Siege of Vienna 195 8. Third Expedition into Hnngary. Emhas.y of Francie L Siege of Qji..... P ..... with Au.tria • 199 9. War with Persia. Capture of Bagdad. ChaireddiD·Barbaro ...... Capture of Tunie by Charlo. V. 204 10. Firoj; Capitn1ation of the Porte ·with Franoe . 207

CHAPTER IV. REIG. 0' BOL!1IA1i 7BOH ~H11 CAPlroLA~IO". WITH FlWI'CB ~ HIS D""~H (1586-1566). 1. Sequel of the Franco-Turkish Alliance. War with Vomoe 212 2. AEa.irs of Hnngary. Cap""" of Bnda • 21~ 8. New Allianoe betWeeD Turkey and Franoe 216 40. War in Asia • 221 5. AEa.irs of Hungary. Siege of Erlau. Sequel of the Franco- Turkish Allianoe 223 6. W lOr with Persia. The Snltans Roxale.na. Dsath of Mnstapha. 226 7. Mairs of Hungary. Revolt and Death of Bajazet 228 8. Peaoe with Austria. NavnlMairs. Siege of Malta • 229 9. Renewa1 of the War in Hungary. Siege af Szigeth. Dsath of Solyman . 231 x cOl'lTENTi.

CHAPTER V.

REIGII8 O. SELD< n. AIID AII1lIlATH ilL (1566-1595). DerlO. ,.&01: 1. Selim il. surnamed !h.Drrmkwrd (1566-1574). Revolt of the J auiaaaries. Peace with AuRtria 241 2. Relations with France 243 3. Erpedition to Arabia 245 4. Conquest of Cyprus 246 5. Battle of Lepanto . 249 6. Embassy from France. Peace with Venioe 251 7. Capture of Tunia. Affairs of Poland and Moldavia. Death of &ilim. 2W 8. Amurath m. (1574-1595). First Aets of his Reign • 255 9. War with Hnngary. Relations with France. 257 10. War with Persia ' 262 11. Relations with France, England, Venioe, &co Peace with Persia. 264 '12. Revolts of the J aniaaariee and troubl.. in the Prov'.JICeI. War reDewed in Hungary. Death of Amurath IlL 268

CHAPTER VL

RElGII8 O. MAUOJIET III AIID ACIIJ(ET L (1596-1617). L First Aets and Character of Mahomet IlL Revolt in Aaia. Inde- pendence of WaJlaehia 271 2. War in Hungary. Treatment of the Christian. by the VizierII. Michael the Brave . 274 3. Relations of the Porte with France 276 4. Decadence of the Empire 280 5. Wat and Treaty with Penia. Treaty of Sitvatorok.. 283 6. Miaoinn of Sayarr de Brev... lnlluence of F"""" in the Eut 286

CHAPTER vn.

RillG,," or 11 UIIUFII& L. Onwr IL, AxUllATI\ IV., AlID IaIWlDl L (1617-1649). L JlejgDs of Muotepha and 0_ n. (1617-1622) • 294 2. RestoratioD of lIuotepba L Amurath IV. (1623). 299 3. Character of Amurath IV. S_ of the Army 301 4. Relations with France 303 5. Depredatiou of the Barbazy Conaino • 307 6. Ibrahim L (1639~ War againot Veaice. 310 CONTENTS. Xl

CHAPTER VIIL • REIGN o. :MAHOUT IV. U1iTlL 1669. S'.CTJOX P~E 1. lnBolence of the Janissaries; Revolts in Asia. W .... in Transylvania, Servia, and Moldavia 313 2. Diplomatic Rupture with Frauce. Death of Kuprnli L 317 3. W .... in Hungary. Intervention of France. Battle of St. Gothard. Treaty of Vasv.... ' 320 40. Hostilities against the B .... bary Pirate. . 323 o. France succours Candia. Capture of that pla.ce 328 6. Fresh disagreement with France 332 7. The Embaaay of NointeL New Capitnlations 33.',

CHAPTER IX. FaoIl TIlE CAPTURB 0. CAlIDlA TO THB PEACB O. CARWwrrz (1669-1699.) 1. Stata of the Ottoman Empire after the Capture of Candia. Sub­ mission of the Cos"""ks. War in Poland. Treaty of 1676 • 342 2. Death of Ahmed·Kuprnli (1676); Kara-Mnetapha succeeds him. War with RuBia. PeB.e of R.adzin (1681) , 346 3. W&r in Hungary. Policy of Lonis XIV. Siege ana R.clief of ,Vienna , . ,.' 349 4. Power of France in the Mediterraneon . 359 5. War against the Holy ,Alliance. Deposition of Mahomet IV. (1687) . 363 6. Solyman II. Continuation of the War. Vizierate or Kuprnli- Muotapha . 367 7. Reign of Achmet II. and Mustapba II. Peace of Carlowitz 375

Historical Index . 381 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. - PORTlWT OF ABDUL R.u<1D Pr~,

A.acu OF CH08IIOEI FllUJpag. 29

BAGDAD. 41 .. H BuAZ1JJ .. .. 87 SzaVlAlI CoulITIlY l'Bon.B • .. .. 128

SCAlIDZIlB"" • H 132

SCU'UIU • H .. 145 llAHOI(ft n. .. 149 RAlmouR OF RHODU 181 " LAn AlID FORTIlE8& OF VAll .. .. ~ F A1l.t.GOIIU .. .. 247

HAlr;n: • H 29S

1[0UII7 IDA. III CB:En H 331

(The ~ DUmber or the mDBtratioDa .... £rom dra..mg. tabu by • German utist during the late R ...... TurkWa ...... ) HISTORICAL INDEX. VOL.- I. Abbas, Sha.h of Persia, brea.king 875; gives place shortly o.fterwards through aJ.l convention with the to Mustapha II., 876. Turks, seizes upon Tebriz. Erivan Ahmed, son of Tholon, a. Turkish and Rare; extorts a. treaty from the chief, renders himself -independent in Porte, which renounced Boll its COn­ Egypt, where three descenda.nts reign quests since Belim, 28S j extends his after him, 81. conquests during the military anarohy Ahmed Pacha, a.ngered by the of the minority of A.murath IV., Domina.tion of Ibrahim, Solyman's seizes upon Ba.gdad, and the Osmanli fa.vourite. to the dignity of Grand vainly try to retake tha.t city, 299. Vizier, rebels, wins over the Mame­ Abbassidea,theirusurpa.tion in Asia.; lukes, seizes upon the Castle of Oa.iro, with their Empire Isla.m ta.kes a. new Bond assumes the title of Sulta.n of form, 22 j fata.l policy of embodying Egypt; betrayed by one of his Viziers, a standing army of Turkish mercen_ and delivered up by the Arabs, he is a.ries. 29; their western provinces put to death, 183. . tom from them by the Ommiades and Ahmed Pacha, Governor of AD&­ Fa.timites, so. toM, overcome and s1.a.in by the Abu-BekI', elected to succeed Ma.­ rebels, 814. homet, his fa.ther-in-Ia.w, takes the Aladdin m., Ia.st of the Seljukides, title of Kalijt-y-recou.l AUaA, vicar of dethroned by Ghazan, Khan of the the Prophet of God,17. Mongols. 52. Aobmet I., Son of Ma.homet ilL ; Alad.din, brother of Orohan. com­ his reign marks the first step towa.rds piles a code of la.WB for the Ottoma.n • decided dec&dence of the Empire i Empire; three points especia.lly a.t­ &HCendiD~ the throne in bis fifteenth tre.ct his attention-the coinage, cos­ year. ani,. atta.ined ma.nhood at the tume, a.nd the army i originates the olose of hls reign; two wars bequeathed policy of a st8.llding army, 57; esta.b_ him to sustain against the Imperialisw . lishes the sipa.his and a. renegade in- in Hungary and the Sba.h of Persia, fantry, the nucleus of the Janissaries 288; his character and inclina.tioDs; 58. t incapable of making proper ohoice f)f Als.ddln, Emir of Karamania, com­ MiDlHters; a. power formed in the mences open hostilities against harem, whose Interests were neither Amurath I. i defeated by the latter those of the Empire nor those of the near loonium, and is granted peaoe Sultan, 292; general demoralization through the intercession of the vic­ of army and navy, 298; unimportance tor's daughter, wife of the Emir 81- of Achmet's reign, with whom Austria. invades the . Asiatio dominioD~ of ooncluded the peace of Sitva.torok, Bajazet I.; is defeated in a decisive l1li'. battle, taken and put to death and Achmet n. BUooeeds his brother the whole of his territory a.dded to Solyma.n II. ibis reign disastrously the Ottoman Empire, 86. ina.ugura.ted by a sa.nguinary defeat Albania, subjeoted temporarily by near Sala.nkemen by the Imperialists, Stephen DoUBchan, takes part in &ll 882 D1STORICAI. INDEX.

the wars of the Berbs against the ta.D, taken aDd han~ed, 100; Manuel, Turks, 68 i oontinasi a.ttacks of the eeeking to diaarm the SultaD·., reeeut.­ Ottomans BUBta.ined by Scanderbeg, meDi, senda an embuRy, to which the 132. latter relW1e8 to listen, aDd a" once Alexander Vl.. (Borgia) Pope. pr0- besiegea Const.&ntiDople. bum. U,e poses to Bajazet II. tokeep bis brotber vill~ and cr~ in the enruoDJf. and Djem captive for 8D annual payment ma.ssacre the mhabito.nUl; • terriM. of 40,000 ducats, or to get rid of him .....ult faila. and on learning th., hi. by murder for 800,000 duca.tII promptly youngest brother had iaken up .rDlA paid dOWD, 162; be9ieged by tbe French against him, the Sultan rau.e. the in the Castle of St. Angelo and con­ Biege, 107; the accomplioel of the strained to deliver up his captive i rebel prince deliver him up to hi. gives him up. but poisoned, 168. brother, 'Who e&Q8eIJ him to be IJtrau· A.lmaD.zor. Abou·Giafiar, fouuder of gled; directa au expedition &«ain8&; Bagdad. 30. • the Prince of Kutemouni. obtain Alp _--Set Malan. his renewed IImbmiMion .nd the b&ud Al Rhadl, twentieth Kha1ife of the of his Serbs and Hungarian.. and acquirea .. ment of his Empire by the marriage first. Irtation on the D&Dube; zan:' of his 80D Baja.zeli to the Emir of deals blow. A4!aino& the Greeb _1- Kermian's daughter; introdDCell IUl cm.Iated to bring about their ruin; important modification in the military attach Tbe...lonica. ceded by Paleo-­ organization. 77; captures the city of logos II. to &.be Venetianll; tbat city ill Sopbia. 79; pooiahes the rebelhon of carried by ...ult, -.eked., and aU the hie 80D 8aodBCbi with death. 80; de­ iubabilaDts lIl.MItaCTed or reduced to feats Aladdio, Emir of KaramaDia, slavery; de&irOQll of becominl{ muler Dear lconium. 81; recalled to Europe of the detached provincee 01 the Greek by the revolt of Servia; is victori.oua Empire before attack.iDR Corm.ntj.. at K.ae8ov&. but .....mated &here by DOpIe. be turn. hi. arm. 8f(&ing Milosch KabiiovitclJ. 113. AJb&nia.. 8eni&.&Dd WaIJacbia._hwb Am"""" n.. eoD of Mahomet L. brings tbe Toru in contact; with Hun.. his rei.,. opens with civil war; 00 his gary. 10'.1; cmopele l"ho C_riot, u.. refusal to confide his two brothers to Albanian ruler. to deliver up hia four the care of Manuel. thai Emperor IJ(JM to him. aDd OD bia dea&b ~ releases Mustapha from priaoD.. incit.ee ,.-ion of the COUJJtry; """'pew him to rebelliOD aDd makes a treaty Dn.kol (or ~ lJnoil). tyrant of Wallao with him to restore to the Greeb the chi&, to pa" tribute and '"'!'PI" tToopo ; European territories of the 8~ ._Braolunricb. Prince of 8erria. 105; .he ia..... despatch.. Bajezid compels him So IObroit a.od gi... e bim Paeha with an army to ooofroos &be his daughter in ~; n.~ rebels, bot the 801_'. Roope all Traasylv&llia. aDd earriea ..., 70,000 prUoouen; __ 8emeodria, cap- poossing ...."" to 1l1l8lapha'. aide, &be Paeha is m._ end; ..Amurath. iD ture. it, and pay ou' the eye. 01 the torn. employa 1Iic:baelogli to _ Kra!'.1IOD, ",ho defeoded i$; ""'"­ &be cavalry of 1lustapba, wbo beiDg Belgrade in .un for .... IDOIIUd; de- abaDdDned aIao by I>jouDeid. - feated at H ...... ad1 by a .... "ode. preciP-i7.;' __ by &be 801· with &be ... of 10.000 -. 110; HISTORICAL INDEX. 383 a.nd &gain a.t Va.sa.g j he sueR for peace attitude of the Porte nearly the same after the disastrous .. long ca.mpaign II towards Pola.nd-a nominal peace and at the bands of the Hungarian hero i actual hostilities i Pola.nd treated like restores Wa.lhwhia to DrakuJ., aod Transylvania., a.e a. va.ssa.l and tributary Semendria, &0.• to Brankowitch; &nd State; the favourite Sulta.na, the ooncludes & truce which places Servia Venetia.n BeJJs, obtains the renewal­ and Walla.chia. under the BUZera.inty of the ca.pitulations with Venice and of Hungary; disgusted with power, greater security for her com~erce, aD the dea.th of his eldest son Aladdin, 257; tne alliance with France respected he abdicates, entrusting authority to through the great influence of the his SOD Mahomet, then fourteen years French Ambassador with the Diva.n; old, and seeks retirement among the &n Embassy from the Sulta.n to Henry dervishes a.t MagueBia, 111 ; is speedily III. of France meets with a. magnifi­ drawn from tha.t retreat by the news cent reception, 258; in spite of con­ of a cruse.de of Germa.n a.nd Ita.lia.n C8BBioDS and professions of friendship, adventurers, which proposed to destroy . Germigny, the ambassador, appre_ the Ottoman JJOwer and drive the ciates at its proper va.lue the alli8.,llC8 .Turks into ABle.; Bu~&ri& is deva8- and benevolence of the Turks, and tated, a.nd Varna besieged, 112 i the foresees the decadence of the Empire, Sultan defeats Hunyooe (Lod Dra.kul with no longer a Solyman to direct it, at Varoa, and carries the Christian 259; Queen Elizabeth of England de­ ca.mp by &ss&ult, a.nd tIl8.SBfLOreB its ma.nds freedom of na.vigation and defenders; resumes his projectsa.gaiost commerce for her subjects 1Dlder their the remnants of the Byzantine Em~ own flag, a.nd the Sulta.n accedes to pire i imposing his alliance aD the the demand, in spite of the lively Duke of Athens; Amurath besieges, opposition of the Amba.ssadors of ca.ptures and burns Corinth, and s&tks France and Venice; the venality of the Peloponnesus without mercy j the Porte: everything bartered for Dex~ turns his efforts against Albania., within and without, the Sultan .being and makes prepa.rations for a decisive the :first to set the' example i treasure expedition against Scanderbeg, 113 i amassed by pira.cy, which no treaties but is diverted therefrom by the ea.m­ could stop, 260 i thelir&ticaJ cities of paign of Hunyade in Servia., whom Algiers, Tunis, an Tripoli tra.ns~ he dEfeats, 114 i invades Albania. formed into regencies or pa.chalics, with a.n immense a.rmy, but unsuccess­ and made to pa.y an annuo.! tribute i fully, and next yea.r besieges Croi'a., the victory won bythePaoba of Tripoli whioh resists him heroically, a.nd he against the Portuguese in the ba.ttle of is compelled to raise the siege; 00 re­ Alca.za.r Kebir, brings ricb presents turning to Adri&oople he dies of a.po .. and 0. domino.ting influence in the plexy. llo. Mogreb i tbe fa.vourit-es la.bour at the Amurath m., SOD of Selim II., ruin of Sokolli, who is &88assinated, restra.ius the authority of the sa.ga.cious 261; rapid changes of gra.nd viziers Vizier, Mohammed Sokolli. and yields through rivalries and intrigues j tbe everything to the inftuenee of women honour of the Ottoman arms sustained and favourites i his character a.nd by Osman Pa.cha in Do.ghestan, who habits, 266; on arriving at Constanti­ is na.med Vizier and Seraskier, 264 ; nople oauses his five brothers to be the veritable deposita.ries of power en­ strangled during the night; issues a. tirely concentrated in the harem-the degree ~&in8t the use of wine, where­ mother and sisters of the Sultan, the upon the Sipa.bis a.nd Janissaries mu­ Sulta.na. Baffa. and two Christian tiny, &nd iusult e.nd ma.ltreat the Gra.nd sla.ves the true sovereigns of the Em­ Vizier, 256 i hostilities resumed with pire ; these influences incite Amurath l1ung&r'Y, a.nd the Imperialists de­ to parsecute the Christians, 265 i J!4ng­ feated neM Kruppa.; the hea.ds of the land gains the influence whioh France obiefs in comma.nd sent to Constanti­ had lost, 266 j the Czar, Fmdor Ivano~ nople and redeemed from the hlmds witch, sends Ambassadors with rich of the executioner by the Austrian presents; the Persian wa.r begins Ambassador; peace formally renewed afresh Bnder oommand of Osman for eight years, but disturbed by per­ Pacha, who enters Tebriz, which is petua.l &f4,YI"essions between the Porte pilla.ged i bot ill-health a.rrests his and the Emperor Rodolph II. i the successes i is defea.ted near Sohembi- 384 HISTORICAL INDEX.

Ghazan by the Persian Prince Damsa; troops against hi' grandson, Andro­ suffers a second defeat. and dies a few Dicus the Younger; but is defeated and days afterwards, 267 j a furious revolt coostrained to sbare hi. croWD with of the Janissa.ries at Constantinople, the rebel, 63, 268 ; their renewed i0801ence becoming Andron1ct18 the Younger, having intolera.ble, it was resolved to wage become sole Emperor. concludes witb war in Hungary to get rid of them; Orchan the first peace between the war deolared against Austria; the in. Greeks and Ottoman. j to 8hield him­ different success of a campaign and self from further inv&8ion maw a the revolt of Moldavia, Walla.chia. and league with the Barou-Kb&n EDlin, Trg,nsyivania, in which the Turks in 63. those provinces were massacred. filling Andronlous, BOD of Palmologn., .t. Amurath with consternation, be senda temptA to wrest the mpreme power for the holy banner from Damaacn8 i from his father, and is puni8hed witb dea.th, however, relieves him from his blindoe&8. 79; recovers the .ill(ht of anxietie&. 270. oDe eye and i ...fliRted by Bajazet I. Amurath IV., eldest BOIl of Achm~ to dethrone the old Emperor on pro­ l.t· succeeds to the throne in his mille of a heavy tribute; is in tum eleventh yea.r; during the first ten deposed. but receiv8I ihe few other ye8ol'8 of biB reign the JaniBSariea and Byzantine citiea, 84. Sipahis continue to ha.r... and oppreea ApatY. Michael. nominee of the the Empire; Persia extends ita con· Porte. Tram,ylvania abandoned to quests; the Pa.cha of Erzeroum -per­ him by the Emperor Leopold. 828. Bista in his rebellion untiJ he recelVe8 Aramon. d'. ambaMad(.r of Henry the government of Bosnia; the lL (Io'ranoe). a.ccompa.niefl SoIr!Dan Crimean Tartars rise, defeat the lIu Gre4t in hie Penian expedJtion;: Ottomans, and take so many priBOnenl oppoee8 steadfutly the violence oer- ' that a Turk is sold for a glass of b-4IJ; ciaed by the Capud.an.Pach.a upon all these reverses caused by the spirit &-io, 224; and pro("llretIJ for the Cllri .. of faction and insubordination rei~­ tiana the privilegea which they have iDg in the army, 299; the Sultan in part still pre&erVed; obtain. the strikes terror amongst them by the Sultan'. oon8eDt tbat the Ottoman death of their ringleader, Redgeb fI~ .honld join that of the Fr_b, Pa.cha, and from that moment his 225. aetnal reign begins; the end of that AraIaD, Alp, tho Selinkid.. ruler military anarchy brings back victory of the Eut and Weat. hi. eareel' of to the Osmanli; Amurath resolves to cooqneRt, defeafa Ceear RomaoM invade Persia, and placea himaelf at; Diogenes at Konogo; treatment of his the head of the .nny; takes Erivau, pritIoner. 3.; i.e 8MMfrinated. 36• Tebriz., and besieges Bagdad; wears .AralaD. David and KjJidje, foa:Dc1 the tmiform of a Janissary, and worka at KODi.h (looDium) the 601-.,. of in the trenches like a common soldier; Boom,36. Persia sues. for peace. cedes B&gd~ Am. WetItenl. it. Bitu&tit.m wben and receives in exchange Erivan, 300; the struggle between the Eut and Amurath'. character in manhood; Weot ..... rOCOllUllell

Bag~ founded by Almanzor (/u eBones demand an amnesty for their

VictorioulJ brother and suooesaor of disorders, the a.cceBBion bounty, the the :first Abba.sside, the seat of the b&nishment of the favourite Musta.pha Empire of Islam for 600 years, 22; Pacha, and the elevation of Ishak Bey Aima.nzor, Ha.roun-Al-Ra.schid &oDd to the vizierate, all of which he grants, Al-MamoUD, the three great names of and their tyranny is thu oonsecrated; the Ea.stern Khalifa.te, ao; grandeur character 01 Baja.zot n. (e&Il.d tb. BoDd fa.ll of the Khalifate ; ita dismem.. 80fi) ; is thrown by the d8ijtinies of the berment by tb. Turkish Gu&rds, 31. Empire into wars aJmost perpetual ; Bajazet L, SOD of Amurath I" BUr­ his brother Djem takes up arms named Dderim (tlu Lighmifl{J); his against him, whom he defeats near :first act on aocession is the stra.ngl.ing J emschehr i rlm80ms Brouss., which of his only BUrViving brother Yacoub; the Janissaries demand for pillage, his first warlike effort. the reduction 160; defeats Djem again at Konieh, of Servia.; assists Andronicus, SOD. of who is obliged to :O.ee a second time, PaJmologus, to d.tbron. tb. old Em· and afterwards proposes an equal peror and his BOD Ma.nuel; restores share of territory, but is refused by them afterwards. to .the throne OD tb. Sulta.n; Keduk Ahmed, tb. con· their promise to pay tribute. 84; queror of Kaffa and Otranto. put to Philadelphia., with Ba.rou-Kha.n and deBoth on a.ccount of his pride and Mentesohl!. fa.ll under his sway and he popularity, 161; signa a tr.aty with makes inroad upon Ka.ra.ma.nie. j his the Knights of Rhodes to remain at haughty message to PaJmologus, 86 i peace with the order a.nd to pay it an enforces submission of Bulga.ria and annual pension of 46,000 duca.ts for WaJlaohi&, and ma.kes inroad upon keeping Djem in oustody, 162; the Hungary i defea.ts Aladdin, Prince of projected oonquest of Constantinople Ka.raIll&D, at Akteoha.i. who is taken and J.rusal.m by Chari.. VIII. 01 and put to dea.th, and the whole . Fra.nce. sprea.ds terror and hope country inoorporated in the Empire; throughout the East ; the Pope, with the reduction of Kastemouni the Venice, and Ferdinand of Naples, to whole of the anoient Seljukian Em­ oppose it, solicit the Sultan to make a pire merges in the Ottoman, 86; descent upon Italy, who, instruoted snatohes Thea&a.lomoa from the by the Venetia.ns in aJl the details of Greeks, and defeats a Ohristian :O.eet the OOD8pire.oy. e1~shed it in the despatohed thither from Italy; his blood of 4O,OOOOhristi&IlB,163;in Hun .. domination of Europe appears 'to have ga.ry aud Bosnia a. war of pillage and reached its a.pogee, and he &88umes the atrocities nearly perma.nent, in which title of Sulttm, 81; defeats 8igismund, Kinis, Jaxieh, Tekeli. and other Ohri,s.. King of Hungary, at Nioopolis, a.nd tia.n chiefs rival the pacba.s in ferocity; slaughters his ChristiEm prisoners, 89 ; the Sultan renews the truce for five besieges Oonetantinople for five years y..... oodoluded witb tb. King of and a half; the siege raised on a pro~ Hungary i Herzegovina. subjected mise of an augmented tribute, with without resistance, and inoorporated other humiliating oonoeasioD8. '90; in the Ottoman Empire i turns his ·new aooesmonB through his extensive arJDB ~ Moldavia. a.nd seizes conquests i reduoes the whole of upon Kilia and Akerman; a. serious Greece, and plants therein ooloniea of war underta.ken against the Sultan of Turkomana from Oentral Asia; Egypt; the Egyptia.ns obta.in a grea.t threatens Constantinople with a viotory between Adana and Tarsus aeoond siege, but is diverted from it aDd pillage the Ottoman camp; an by Tamerlane. 91; war with Tamer.. honourable peace conoluded between lane, by whom he is defeated and the two Mussulman princes. 164; war made prisoner at Angora; his treat;.. recommenced overtly with Hungary i ment during oaptivity; story of the an attempt to surprise Belgrade fails, iron cage ; di6lt in the camp of Tamer­ Qut Transylvania.. Croatia., Dalmati.. lane, 96; his large empire is dismem.. lllyria, Carniola "",d Styria desolated ; bered, and the remains of it becomes the Turka defeated by the Hunga.rians a eubjeot of oontention to his three at Villa.oh, but take their revenge the BODS, 99. year following, sla.ying 25,000 of the BaJuet n., BOD of Mahomet II., On latter; drat relatione of the Ottoman his proclamation as Sult.a.D., the Ja.nis­ Empire with Bussie.; Ivan ill. VOL. L DD S86 HISTORICAL INDEX.

making friendly propositionS to the .tive of the dyneety of the Islendia.. Sultan through the medium of the suddenly atte.ckecl by Bai_t L sbula Khan of the Crimea, 165 i paoitlo re­ himself qp in Sinope aDd treat. with lations entered into with Poland: the conqueror. who leaves him that ooncludea a treaty with John Albert, town and its t.erri.tory; but, nm think­ hut that good nnderstaudiug inter­ ing himself in safety, he 11_ and rupted through both prWoea ooutend­ seeks Itt protector in TimGUr.87. ing for the .suzerainty of Moldavia; B ..baroIsa (Rtd Chair­ on John Albert invading that oonntry, eddin. s-d" ... the Turks drive him ont and maks Baton, grandson of Zinllhia Kho.o, two irruptions into Poland, pill..,png leader of the Golden Horde, ovsrrnnl Jaroelav and barDing several towns; and barbarizeIJ BU8Irla, 28. rupture between the Porte and the Bathorl, Stephen, V6ivode of T ..... Venetiane; a naval oomhat, fought sylvania, with Paul KiniB, in1Iicla • near Bapienza, opening the entrance memorable defeat on the Turb a. of the Gulf of Lepanto to the 11 .... tha Kenger-Mesm, near Karlabourg, 146. city enrrendere; Ieksnder P..,ha in­ BeIsiege of Belgrade by heading .. the BUCCeBB of three campaigns against vigorous sortie, 180. Alp Arslan, adV8oD088 with 100,000 Carlowitz, Treaty of, entails the men into Media.; Alp's overtures of 1088 to the Turks of Hungary ....d peace being met by a demand that he TrWlB,lvania, the Morea, DaJmatia, should surrender hiB oapitaJ ass. pledge Podolia, the Ukraine, and Azof-the of his BiDcerity, the SuIte arra.ys firet great gap made in the Ottoman his oavalry on the plain of Konogo; Empire; from tha.t moment it ceased at the oIose 01 the hard.fonght battle. to be formidable in Europe; ita deca­ Romanus,. left almost alone, is dence oould no longer be arrested; disarmed and led before Alp Arab.n. and the Russians, by acquiring 8oD. who sets his foot upon the neck of the entra.noe to the southern Beas, com­ Emperor, but afterwaorcis treo.te him mence their European existence, 879. with kindness, 84; Romanua is put to Castrio~ John, Prince of Albania, death by his subjects, 86. compelled to deUver up his four SODS o Candia (&fUl, siege of, ODe of the to Amurath n., who at Castriot's most remark&ble in history; its act­ death takes possession of the country, quisition oosts the Turks twenty-five 110. y.. re ~hting. 811.12; an attempt to Castriot, George, fourtbsoD of John, relieve it by the Duke de Navaillee in oalled by the Turks U Iskender Bey" 1669 having failed. the garrieon ia and by Europea.ns &cmderbtg, It the oompelled to oapitulate; a peace ter­ dragon of Alba.nia," obtains the favour minates a struggle in whioh the of Amurath n., and the command of Venetiane lost 80.000 and the Turko 6,000 men in his army; but mindful of more than 100,000 men, 831-82. his religion and countryf abandons Cantaouaens, John, joint Emperor the in1idsl. after the lirat battle of with John Palmologus vigorously re­ 'the U long oampa.ign"; kills the puIsea the attack ot Orohan upoQ Sultan's secretary, and Hees into Conetantinopl•• 68; pro1iting by tho Albania i with a band of 600 pa.rtizans minority of John PeJmologus, whilst forces the ga.tes of Oroia and rogont he assumes the purple and maesa.ores the Turkish garrison; a declares himeelf oolleague of the general insurrection ensues, a.n.d in young Emperor; seeking a.bsolute thirty daye IInds himeelf maeter 01 BOvereignty, in order to oanoy on civil. Albania i defeats four armies suo­ war, summons to his aid Umer Bey, oessively sent agaiDs1i him, 114; Prince 01 Aldin; the latter. reo&lled harasses the immense' army ot to Asia by an a.ttack of the VenetiWlB Amurath by incessant attaoks whilst having abandoned his ally. Oroh .... besieging elOra. i repulses the overtures intervenes, and demands of Canta.. of the Sultan, who tries to negotia.te ouzene, his da.~ter's hand, which is with him, 116; Bt1Btains with inde­ acoorded him i m spite of the a.llianoe defa~a.ble perseveranoe the attaoka and ties of rela.tionship, a band of of the Turke, and wins the admiration Ottomans ravage afresh the ooast of even of his enemies i Mahomet IL, DDS 888 HISTORICAL INDEX.

offers him peace, and lea.ves him in the Italia.n couts, wbence be cam. tranquil poB8888iOD . of Epirua and off 14,000 Chri8tianl, the CorMir~ Albania, 132; dies of fever at Aleuio; oaptain'l1ast Dotable 8:l.ploit, 220. hi. tomb o.P"ned by Mahomet IL, who OharcUn, the traveller, hil aoeount eIbibite his remains to the admiring of the Ottoman State at the oom~ Moslems; .,ieces of his boDes sought mencement of the reign of Mahomet for with aVIdity to be converted into lV.,817. taJi.ema.os, 189. Oharlel: V., Emperor of Germa.ny, Cervantes, author of U Don Quixote," biB vast po8888Iions on his acoetNrioD, 1.... his left arm in the bettie of 186 ; &OC1l88II Francie I. (France) Lepanto, 200. openly of trB&BOn &/Ioin.t Chrieten­ CeB&rinl, Cardinal, papal legate, dom by hi. allianoe with 80lyman ,,.. ODm1DOns L&diol&o, King of HDllgary, Grt4t; Francia formally deni_ the to tear up the treaty (1444) which """"""tion and teu. Chari.. V. thM pl&oed Servia and WalJ&ohia Dllder U he lied in hia throat," 198; his Arri the B11ZOl'&inty of Hungary; takes appearance at the bead of hil army command of an army of German ud &/I&inet 80lyman attended with oou­ ltalia.n adventurers with the design of aiderable glory and 11lOO88I, 202; re­ -destropng the Ottoman power, 119; solvee to retake Ttmia in the hope of is .Iam at the bettie of V...... dealin« a mortal blow to the Tmeo­ 113. Frencn alliance, and takea oommand ChalreddJn Barbarossa (~, of a powerful armament; carriea the admiral of Selymao'. fleet; BOD of a pJaoe after a mouth of coutinnal Bipahi of Mityleue, devotee himaell io llghti"". 30,000 inhabitants maooacred piraoy daring the reign of Baj_ II. ; and 50,000 Chriati&n8 releaaed, 206; eniers the service of Mabommect. that feat 1il.l8 up the me&8lU'e of power Sultan of Tunis ; his piratieal ~ts and l!iory of the Emperor, 001; upon Cheroell, Bougia and Algiers; Cberlee and Perdinand dAorirOWl of makeB himself master of the latter by peace, become neceB8&ry for bcKb -tiu8 the Moorish priooe; through the revolt of the Lutherau doeo homage lor his oouqueot to the princeo, oouoeut 10 pay the P_ aD Sultan, and receives from him the annual aubaidy; .. truce for five yean title of Beylerbey of Algiera, which eoncluded with the Sultan, the E .... pori becomes .. !It'IId of coraair8; poror. and Perdinand, 2111; the 1m­ ilioperoee a Spanish equadron and periaIistB eapture Szejledin, hot an carries away from Andalwria 70,000 ourprieed before the town and culi in moors; captarea two Mil of Doria'. pieceo, 223_ fteet and horns eighteen v.... 1e off Charlea VIII. of Prance, his pr0- Me.jo.,205 ; created Capu.d&n.~pacha; jected eraeade against ConotautiuopN equips • formidable _ of eighty­ and leruoalem; ~ from four ehipo, with which he _ Be,Wo, Thomu PahBologne h~ rights 10 the Fondi, and other Italian stronghOlds; throne of the East; distributes ...... steen for Africa and take8 Jl c mriOD and money throughout IIaeedouia, of Ttmia in the 8ultau'. name; Gr.... and Albania, 162; and the Charlee V. reeolveo to take Tunis, hot ...- of the Preneh ~ marked oot Barb&rosaa, despairing of defending from Otranto 10 Avlona, from Avlona the town, rioks an eDOODlltBr in the to Byzantinm; _ the peraoD of open ; abandoned by his Afriea.n aUld­ PriDc

Che1lbl, Yakoub, only surviving bro. Devlet Sheral, Bole 'Survivor of the ther of Baja.zet 1" murdered by him ra.oe of ZinghiB Khan, becomes founder OD his a.cceseiOD; this example of of the Khans of the Crimea, 143. fratricide becomes a. standing la.w of DjighaJa Ze.d6, BOn of the renegade the Ottoman Empire, 84. Cioala., made governor of the province ChriBttan era, tha.t portion of it of Bagdad, seizes upon Disfoul and which preceded the birth of Isla.mism, severa.! other strongholds, and defea.ts 27. the governors of Loristan a.nd Rama­ Cicala, the renegade, B Turllish dan, 268. Carpi d' GnI'lk defeated under bis com­ Djem. or Zizim, Prince, younger BOn mand by the Persian Prince Ham8&. of Mahomet II., govemor of Kara. with the loss of 20,000 men, 267. mania, his chara.oter; his under­ Condolmierl, Ca.rdinal, comman­ standing with the Vizier Karamani dant of !s8ale0ntiftcaJ fleet, enters to conceal his fa.ther's death, but the upon a. 0 to drive the Turks truth being suspected, the lanissa.ries into Asia, 112. rise and put the Vizier to death, 159 ; Ocmstantlne (Dra.goz8s) the Greek the messenger to Djem intercepted. Prince. defender of the Morea, sends &D.d warned in time: Ba.ja.zet causes a.mbassadors to Mahomet n. on his himself to be proclaimed Sultan; e.coe8Bion, lUi. Djem takes up arms, marches upon Oorvinus, Matthias, King of HUD­ Broussa, defeats a. corps of 2,000 ga.ry I makes So treaty with Wlad the J anissa.ries. and enters the city j his J)evi/. to a.tta.ck the Ottomans, 185; brother Bajazet advancing with an rungs Wlad into prison, 186. army to ma.intain his rights, Djem Oosaaoks, the, of the Ukraine, their dividing hia insufficient forces, is de. voluntary submission to Mahomet IV. feated nearlenisohehr and seeks refuge inorea.sea for a time the a.lready vut with th~ Sulta.u of Egypt, It:O; next limits of the Ottoman domi.na.tion; yea.r returns from Cairo to Aleppo, loca.lity and extent of their country; allies himself with Kaaim Bey,last of from its position it becomes neo8ssa.ry the Karaman prinoes, a.nd besieges to seek a protector; their military Konieh; compelled to raise the siege institution useful a.nd politio 80 =~ by Keduk Ahmed; the govemor of as the Turks and Tartars men An~ora. is slain. and the rebel prince the liberty of Europe j their incur­ obliged to flee a BBCOnd time j pr0v.0B8s siona beooming nothing more than to Ba.ja.zet an equal shue of terrItory, brigandage, the kings of Poland lore is refused. and throws himself into urged to repreBS them; finding the the arms of the "enemies of the Em. domination of Pola.nd irksome and pire; sends a. secret agent to the galling, thoy seek to .ooure tho pro. Grand Maater of Rhodes to propose a tection of the Turks, 849 j upon thi.. treaty; is received in the island with .. Polish army is sent into their great pomp, and a treaty ooncluded oountry. and wa.r breaks out between seour~ great advantages to the tho Sultan ""d tho King 01 l'0ls.n4, Order 10 the event of his beooming 844. Sultan i is made however to take his departure for France, 161; some days after, the Knights sign & treaty with Did6·Sultan (lather and lord), a Baja.zet II., who engages to remain a.t Turk of obscure birth, gives himself peaoe with the Order and pay it an out as a. prophet. and heads a revolt annual pension of 46,000 duoate for of dervishes near Smyrna, and goes keepiD£.his brother in custody; the about preaching equality, 108; mus­ l'ope, King o! Hungs.ry, and the Em. tering to the number of 10,000 strong peror, in vain demand that he should at Mount Stylarios. they exterminate be set at liberty, hoping to make him the first body 01 troopo oent to dis­ assist in weakening the Ottoman perse them; D4d.e afterwards defeat.. Empire; arrives.a.t Nice and thence ed in a sanguinary battle by Amurath, suooesaively transferred as a. captive the Sultan'880n, a.u.d put to the sword to various strongholds during seven with all his adberente; this revolt in­ yearsj delivered up at length to Pope volved an attempt of the Christia.n Innooent vm., and on his death. to ra.oea to regain their independenoe, Pope Aleu.nder Borgia., who offers to 104. get rid o! him lor 800,000 duoato, 162; 890 HISTORICAL INDEX.

but gives up his",,~ve poisoned. who French llavel; the Porto a.maado • dies at Naples; his love for the beau~ heavy BUm of mODey in reparation of tifulH.lenof S ...... ag.; hisoaptivit? damages, and in default of wbich . and the events consequent upon It threateno tho lifo of tho Aml>a.oaa.dor contribute to multiply the relations and of aU the Franb, 860; Dnq...... of the OttomllollO with Wootom E ... arrives in the Darda.nel1811 with teD rope, 168. obipo, and tho dizpute ia edjuotod by Djannelel, lieutenant of Solyman. the Ambaoaedor poroonaUy making .on of Bajazet 1 •• attempts to fonnd th. SnItan • preoeu" 861. an independent principality byoeizing upon Ephesus, Smyrna, and Perg.. mus; confronted by Mahomet I. be _ aI Omara (or C/oieJ oj OhieJ.' BUell for peace, and is afterwards made the, IRlpersedee the office of Vizier in governor of Nioopolis. 102; aupportB the Khalila.te, and becomee the real the pretender 1I1uotapha in his in­ lOVereigu of-the State. vasion of TbeasaJ.y, 1M. Eugene, Prince of Savoy, In com.. DorIa. Andrea, the Genoeoe admiral maud of the lmperiaJ army, after a of Chari.. V •• oeizeo upon Coron. and aeries of skilful marches and counter· excites the Greeks to revolt, 202; is march.. , falle upon the Turo at the oompoUed to pnt into 111_ to ... forde of th. Tbeioo, near Zenta, and cape from BarbarOB8&'8 fleet, 206. eigually deloate them; 10,000 pariab Doroozenal ftigb" and theOODqueronenter Boouia, gives him the investiture aud title of 877. Sandja.k·Bey; that alliaDoe e&uoeo war between the Porto and Polaud, 844; during the, war, the Belman Jl'erdIn&nd, Archduke or Auotria, having offered his &id to the Porto, (aftozwardo King of Huuga..,- and whlch, being rejeotod, out of pi'Juo or Bohemia), brother of CharJo. V.; • revenge, he aubmite himself, WIth all Freneb am_ and his ' ....lv. his l""'Ple, to the protectorate of attoudeute _natod by the P_ B1I88la; on hOMing this, the SnI_ of Boouia, witb the privity, it ia oop. mwa from priaoD Georges KiemieJ,. poaod, of Ferdinand, 187; o\ai.... the nioki, eon of an old Hetman, and vacant $broDe of. Hungary, 192; en­ nominates him in the place of D ...... ton • rival clairnant, John zena.ko, but the c-aclrs rofueo to Za'p?ly, at Tokay, and det.to him; ~ the authority of Kiemie1- vainly endeavoun to bring over the Diaki.; the Porte ~eD iDvadee Mol.. SnI.... to hia intonoto, ...ho impriaoDe deria and Podolia, edvanoeo to beoiege his env."., 193; oendo an embuoy to Cehryn, and the Tart&rII hurry up Solyman, which, after endnriDl! \be from 1ihe Crim.ea; ihe CJeeacka ADd insuh. of the Gn.ud ViDor, leado to Busoiana, in order to bindor the june. tJOtbing, 197·911; aW1lite at Lim \be Bon of the wo armies, fall upon the ...... ,." of tho Germa.u prinI!en. the BerviaD the S_ _ to acImowleds!e oonqueror and 1~81Nor, i by Ferdinand oi&ber .. King or H~ bimoelf, or by his vaeoaIo the ..hole or of Bohemia, but oimpiy .. lieu­ of wbU .... Turlrey in Europe; tenant or Charlee V., 1l1li; ""'" \be causea himself to be ClOWued, at elfd or a __ embuoy at liI~ but Uokoup, Emperor or the _ and hiseDYOJII undergo hnmjli~8IriJI.. Triballea, aDd CODneivea She projec$ ingly in 000_ wi'" the ...... or a-yiDg the Empire or the EaR; _ ncopciou or \be Freaeb ..... the Barb Empire diomembered _ ~, 200; CIODdudM • pMC81ri&b his S" '*'"''"1, Ouroach V., 68.. the Porto, the _ mode by \be bouM DuqueeDe, the Preacb AdminI, or An*ia _\be 0I00maD0, -. bombuds Chlce to compel the Tri. " ..had Be7. oommand- of the Tm:kiab ~. _ \be __ of poIi"" -.. to ma.ke their on». _ to FaDae and deIi_ up \be ·T'-andTi1lia tobe_; __ HISTORICAL INDE~ t&ins B secret underetancling with the Turooma.ns of the Persian. army; fighto the great battle of Gruee; which la.sts three days, ending in the defeat of the Persians, 267; inva.des Karabagh, takes Ghandje, a.nd con· os proper verts it into a stronghold, 268. good-will 01 Feriol, de, amba.ssa.dor of Louis decadence of the. Empire XIV., makes seven ca.mpa.ignB with longer a Solyman to direot the Turks. but ofiends the Ottoma.n presents a MemoriaJ to the on Court by conceitedneaa, a.nd inBtJlto the wrongs of his nation, is the Sultan by preaenting himself BOnt baok with .. threatening reply;. wearing a. sword a.t his side, 877; tries the closing of the churches brings his to traverse the negOtia.tiODB for pea.oe irritation to a olimax i their reopen.. with Austria, opened through the me.. ing puroha.sed by preaento. 265·6. diation of England and HollB.nd. 878. Ghazan, King of the Mongols, de .. Fendal System, the TurkiBh; Ma,. throne. Aladdin m., l&at of the Bel­ homet II. introduoes the old fendal jukides, 62. usages of the Seljukian Empire, called Gheral, Mohammed, Kha.n of the the Timariot system; in some re. Crimea, withdraws his aid in spite of _Is eingularly parallel with the remonstrances from Osman Pacha. in English feudalsystem; inconjunotioD Da.ghesta.n; by his desertion, draws with the tributee of Chrietiau chief­ upon 'himself the displeasure of the dom, it ma.in1y consolidated the Porte, is deposed, but offering resis­ Turkish power in EurOI?8 i CODtre.sted tance is twn with arms in hand and fa.vourably in some poiDtB with the put to death i his brother Islam Western system, 165 i the Turkish Ghera.Y replaoing· him. 264- feudaJity mili~ and territorial; the Gr&tI&nI, Caepar. V6ivode of Mol­ decline of cultivatioD, credit and davia., courte the favour of Sigismund population not essentia.lly due to the III. of Poland by sending him inter­ teOOaJ system, 166 j the old system oepted lettera addreaeed to Bethlem baa passed away without the sub­ Gabor; is de~ on its discovery, stitution of a.nything better, but with but being &emoted by the Pol.. with the aggra.vation of its worst elements, a.n army, he fights a.n obstina.te battle 167. . near Ja.ssy aga.inst Iskander Pa.oha.; J'eulllade, the Duke de, with 1,200 is defea.ted and perishes in the ra­ French gentlemen, a.ttempt by· a trea.t, 296. sortie the delivera.noe of Candia; they Greek Empire, the, ita effete con­ sprea.d a panio in the Turkish oa.m.p, dition in the middle of the fifteenth and ela.y BOme 1.200. but, surrounded oentury i Constantinople existing only by thousands they retrea.t, lea.ving 100 br .ufle...... of the Turks nntil it dead or wounded. 829. YIelds to the arms of Ma.homet n. i F~r Ivanovitoh, Ozar of Russia, with ito fall the curtain fall. Oil the Sends ambaasa.dors with rich presents nations of antiquity, and the 1lna.J to Amurath IIL. 267. eetablishment of the Turks in Europe forme the first great episode of Modern History. 128 • .GermIsn:v. Baron de. ambaaeador of Greeks, the By:.omtine, their cor­ Henry W. (Franoe) acquireo great in­ ruption and degeneracy, 40 i purchase fiu.ence with the Div&D; resoues nu­ peace of the Barba.rianB instead of merous Frenchmen sold into alavery fiW1ting them, 60 ; their oorruptiou ot and obtains repara.tion tor pillage Cliristia.uity.51. aommitted by the Barbary oorsa.irs ; Greek Fire, """ of the. 50. 120. regulatee the new ooral tiBhery of the Marseilles adventurers upon the 00&Bt 01 Tunis i obtains the nomination of Bamsa, the Persian Prince, defe&tB .. Greek patriaroh and a Vo,vode of the renegade Cioall!. near Sohembi. Wallacbia in spite of the oppollition Gh..... n. with a 1088 to the Ottomaue of fa.vourites; favo'D1'8 with his pro­ of 20,000 maD, 267. t;eotion the a.ffa.irs and subjects of the Hamsa Bey, brother of Bajezid Pope. of the Emparor. of the Bignory P&oha, .._ the areh-f\lhellJjouneid. 392 HISTORICAL INDEX.

with all hi. family. to be atraog1ed in directed to the inte-reato of oommeree prison, 108. and protection of Cbri,tian8 in _he Barebone (or Harburn). ambaaaador Eaet. 224; hilo oons. RDided by their of Q1l8OD Elizabeth (England) ••harged astute mother. Oatherine de' Medici, to demand from Amnrath til. free­ f.llow the poliey of their grandfa'ber, . dom of commerce for English Bhips Prancis L, 225• in Ottoman waters; which ia acceded Henry ilL (Franoe) deeerting ru. to in spite of the opposition of the throne of Poland to return to France. ambaeaadora of France and Venice, thue miscarries the 80118 chance of 260. securing the lICC888ion of Poland &0 Haro1m AI-_hid, KhaJife of Hag­ the Turco.Frencb alliance. an MCeIfoo dad., his re1&tioDB with Charlemagne ; Irioo that would not only have checked one of the three great namee of the the aggandiaement of AtuJtria. btn Eastern Khalifate, 23, 80. hindered the riae of RUMia., 266; aD HaaBan (called 1M 014 M .... :t 1M embaear. from Amuratb Ill. reoei9'eB M ...... ). chief and prophet the • magniftcentreoeption ; Henry" want Sect of the BatAntit.J,.. or AIIGUiu; aI • navy compels him to IJ8Ild hi. three Khalif.. ala.in by his adherente, ambaaaadol'll in • Veneti&a ...1, as well as aeveral heroes of the Orn. 268. sades, 40; the Mongols ka.ck them to HohenlDhe.s:.,,"":! of the Emperor their retreat. and their la.et chief Leopold L I' y) ....d Zriny. enrrendora himaelf into the bande of Ban of ~ aeize npon P .... the great Khan of Mango... fonrth Dit.z, Ba and Baria, and buru suceeeaor of Zinahie. 4L the town of F "rcbeD wi~ more Haye, De Ia. French Amhaeeedor. than 600 vil~. affront. the Grand Vizier Knprnli Holy z-sne. th.. .Uianoe he-. lIIahommed, 817; tbie peroon&l.light tween l'ope Pino V_. P I1_ of is ·the Muse of diven iDsul. offered Spain, and the Venetiana inet to the Freneh during 80me twenty Selim IL. 248; another leoo!ne ~ yean; the Vizier finds aD occasion the Tnrks formed by I~t Xt:... for giving vent to his reeentment dnr­ the Emperor Leopold, lohn aobieaki; ...... ing the war in Candia i orden the BOD the Czar Ivan AI_tech, and the of De Ia Hay. to decipher certain eor­ J!epublic of Venioe; the _ pr0- respondence, who refusing is mal­ claimed &j!..met Hahcmet IV•• ealled treated and ftnng into .. dnngeon. 819; the Holy W .... Iaete till the _ of l'Ilaz&rin demande amende and the c.rlowite, 363_ dismisoal of the Vi¥ier; Blondel the .Bm17ade (or BngnIedM).lobn Cor­ envoy, unable to obtain &II audience vin_ enrnamed 1M W.,. Kotiglot, of the Snltan, retnrne with his Jet.. VoI9'ode of TransyJyarri&. an.... the terB; l'Ilaz&rin anxione to prev_ .. in....w... of the TnrIuo during 10 ruptnre recalls De Ia Haye. 819_ y..... ; raiaed by his men .. to ...... Haye, De Ja. BOD of the above. is mand the Hnngariaa ...... u.., l.edilol.. promieed by Ahmed KnpruIi, the lIO'II' owed io him m. throne; defend8 Vizier, .. fair recepta.oo as French .... Bennonotadt "II"i-* the TnrJuo. kin. beeeador in 1666; his haughty de­ 10.000. and driv.. the .... beyond the meanonr displeaaee KnprnIi... ho eli&­ Danube. 110; and oende the heade of misaea him with disdain. and reo. the Tnrkiah ~ to the KnI of proa.chea; De 1& Hay demand'; a fresh Servia; __ .. Yietory at V_ andienee, which Ieede to &BOther 01- gao ... ecmpJete .. the _ "II"i-* ie..... _ during ...hieh the ..m_ 80.000 Tnrks; hia Mione calDjMignK eador is strnck, arreeted and clrfti...... un more dIM t 0 .. toiheOt.iomaD8, for three days; the affair ia ecmpro­ and Amnrath io eompeIIed to _ to miaed by .. third andi"Dtl8. wbeD Ka.­ him for _; .. trnce of tea '1-­ t':: overwhelms De 110 Hay. with placN Servia and Wallaehia _ . -tions, poli_ and pre­ the ouzeniDty 01 Hm>g&r'f. III ; joi... .-.. S27; he Iahonra _y and eeroedewith King TedielM,Drakal. meanly to maintain himeelf in office, and .. _y of GermaD and 11ahM 332- with the de­ oCroyingad.eclwon the 0S&0mau deoio!D__ ; ofio de- BsmJ" n. (FnIuoe) Wree ..... to keep up friendly ...faoions with the feated and pat to ftigjd by Amnrath l'orte, the aIIiaaoe beiDg aIma&tIe 01 V...... 1U; ill- HlSTORICAL INDEX. 893

. vades and ravages Bervia, wages a. Venice; his SOD having been captured terrible and unequaJ strugg1e for three at sea and detainad in Candie by the days with Amurath at Kassova., but, Venetian commander, the Sultan re­ betrayed by the WaJlaobians. is oom· solves to exterminate all the Ohris­ pelled to :flee, 116; in the oa.mpa.ign tians in his States; confines the am­ of M&homet 11. against Servia. assists ba.ssa.dora to their houses, closes the the Kra.! Georges to defeat the Turks. offices of the Frank merchants, and and obtains a truce, 129; Hunyade lays an emba.rgo on their ships, 810 i with BoD ILrmy throws himself into direots a great expedition aga.inat Belgrade besieged by the Sultan. de· Oandia. the acquisition of which costs stroys the Turkish dotilla ....d repul· twenty-five years' fighting; the Turks ses every assa.ult ; a.t length a vigorous fill before Oa.ndia. and in their attacks Bortie throws the OttolIUltll oamp into on DaJmatia ; the religious zeaJ of the disorder and determines the raising Catholio world finds vent in cries for of the siege; Mliliomet II. withdra.ws war against the infidels, 811; the wounded. leaving 24.000 dead . and aJI vices of the Sulta.n ra.ther than the bis a.rtillery; the saviours of the city courage of the Candians retard the only shortly survive their triumph; capture of the city; the fa.vourite Hunyade suoeumbe at the end of df· Sulta.naa devour the revenues of the teen days. lBO. State and dispose at will of every appointment; the army weary of this shameful tyranny, the spirit of revolt -Ibrahlm Pooh&, vizier of Bolyman is again aroused; the Jamssaries de­ the Great, a Christitm by birth, and pose Ibrahim, and the principaJ dig­ SOn of a. sa.ilor of Parga; his educa­ nitaries cause him to be strangled, tion and mental qualities; becomes 812. pBoge and favourite of 8oi}"ma.n and Ibra.hJm, Gra.nd Vizier of Mahomet afterwards first Vizier; his Domina­ IV., succeeds Ka.ra. Musta.pha; hesi­ tion angers Ahmed Pacha, who, rush· tates to accept the- oha.rge of govern­ ing into open rebellion, is delivered up ing the Empire amidst the perils by the Arabs and put to death. 188 ; threatening lt on all sides, 859; ar­ poS88B88B the ring worn by Franois I. rests the maroh of the Imperia.lists at Pavia, 187; is won over to the in. by heroioally defending Buda.; orders terests 01 King John Zapoly after the Tekeli to be con:dned in the Seven battle of Tokay, 198; appointed Be-. Towers. 864. raakier, directs the siege of VieDDa, Iskandar Paoha, ~overnor.of Sills­ 197; ordered to reduce Bagdad and tria, defeats a Polish army under b~ back to obedienoe the Khan of Caspar Gratia.ni in a great battle near Bidlis; T&Ceives the submission of Jaesy.296. pla.oea about Lake Ve, and enters Tebriz without obstacle. 204; con­ cludes an alliance with Fra.nce which, Jews, the, ceoupy an important under the form of a commeroial position in the Empire; monopolize treaty. was in fact a political league­ most branches of commerce, 288. his last policioaJ aot ; wrings from the John, SOD of Andronicus, succeeds Sultan ftrat the deposition and next to the throne of Constantinople aD the condemna.tion to death of the the abdication of Manuel; Baja.zet I. Defterdar Iskander Tchelebi. whose reappears under the wa.lls.and haugh­ wealth and fame ga.ve him umbra,ge; tily orders the ga.tes to be opened; MHUID.eB the sign.iftoant title of Sera­ Christian-like answer of the Byzan­ l:iu-Sultan. at whioh presumption the tines; the Sultan is diverted from offended Sulta.n orders him to be undert~ a second siege by the ap~ .tr.... gled. 211. proach of Timour, 91; John, finding Ibrahim I., youngest BOn of Acbmet himself inoa.pa.ble of defendi.lng Oon­ I. and brother of Amura.th IV.• hu­ stantinople against Amurath II. cedes mours the House of Austria., enjoins it to the Venetians, 109. Ra.k~ t Prince of Transylvania. to John, Don, of Austria, the viotory disoontinue war against the Emperor of Lepanto creates the reputation of, and break with Sweden; reoa.ptures 260. A:rof from the Cossacks ; a.ll his efforts Jurlssloh, Niohol .... at the head of direoted against the Bepublic of only 700 men, in1Iiots .. humiliating HISTORICAL INDEX. c1isgraoe upon Solyma.o 1M Great, who Sobiooki aniv.. 10 tho II1IOOO11r of is repulsed before the little town of Vienna; K... Mnotopha openo Ih. Giina in eloven .....ulto and at length trenches but enoountel'8 an obltiDAte obliged to aooopt a oapitulation, 001. defence, 864; the King of Poland, the Jurked Pacha, governor 01 Amaaia., Eioolor of Bavaria and tho Dub of makeo himoolf m ..ter by _n of Lorraino having joined' forooo, lhe tile most turbulent chiefs OD the Tnrks are pul to 1ligh' OIl alilidee, Oriental side of Diarbekir, and ooour.. laaving 10.000 deed on tho fteld, 866 ; tranquillity upon thai frontier, lOS. oeizod with .. pallia, they .bandon their camp and bso!g"'lO, tho boo'y amounting to 16,000,000 orowne, 866 ; Kahllovltoh )«IJoooh, .. noble Borb, campaign terminated by the 08p1nre ,ee.. e;nat ... Amurath L during the of Gru, which had been aJmon _ bettlo of Kaaoov., and overtailen in oonlnry and .. half in the handa of flight is ont in pieeoe, 89. tho Tnrks, 868 ; Mohomot IV. enraj(ed Xara lIlustapha, the Ka.imaoan, a. these rev~ oueee x.r.}faa­ ~ his brother·in·law, Ahmed tapha to be behaadod a' Bell!1"lde, and Kuprali, as grand vizier; ma.i.ntAiDa hi. head t.akon to tho sulton OIl • himself in power during &even years; oilver c1ioh, 869. tho accession of that DIlworthy heir XaaIm Boy, 100t of tho ~ of of the K~ marks tho ~nning Karamau, joina Prince Djem ill be­ of the period of a""""lenne ; his pride ~ng Konish; makse BIlbmiasiOD to and most BCaD.dalous OBtente.tion; $0 Baj&m II., and &II Ko.ramania ;. _ his lavish oxpenc1imre neodod paoiftecl, 161. enormOll8 ouma, which he proonred XaalmPaoha, rop1oooo Ahmed Pacha, by tho mool ohameful moane and pu' to doolh ..... rebel in the gov..... cruel extortions; his vonality; h. men' of Egypt, 183. sells governments, clignitiee. and j11&o Katzlaner, general of Porc1inand of ace, 847; maoifeata DO more talent AnoIria, his diaootroue defeat by tho eo a general than probity eo an ad­ Ottoman cavalry; is thrown into ministrator; oppoooo tho Of01W!g of prison at Vienna; makse his _. DegotiatiDDs with the victorious Baa. _yo to 000 _If to the Tnriul _ Bians and CcaacJrs, and u.kea com­ poriahea by _nation before he mand of an expedition ~ them; oonld consammato his -.114, Cohryn only t.akon alter • long and _ AIDned, oonqnoror of K.effa murderous siege; oont;inually bar· and OV..... , eompola Prince Djem to aoood by the RU8Biana. the _ 01. raise tho oiego of Konieh; bn' render· tho Tnrks reoombleo ;, """; they Woe . ing _If oc1iOII8 .. B ..j&zot IL aIiks a great portion of their artillery ODd by his pride and popn1ori11. is pnl to baggage; a _ '" Iaat ooncludod at dooth, 18L Radzin, 848; .-Ivoo to openly aid Blem1eJnts1rt George. BOD of AD old the Hungarian maloo:nWnta under Hemtaa. of $be eo-".... » draWD (Joun' Emmerich ToksIi, who _ from prison by _ IV. and into .. formal 8aty with tho Poribattle of Varna. 113. Imperi..J.iA army, OV&rrUtlII gr_t pa.1i LalaJlust&pba,'ormerpreceptorof of B08nia, 869; aft« the lJUOOe8IJfuJ Prinoo Bajazet. beoome. oon1idant of campai9' of 1689 ~ the Tarks, his younger brother 8elim and grand- he adVI8N coo:&iDuauoe of the war, master of his Court; plate to effeci and oarriee it from Bowi. into 8erria ; tho ruin of the .lcler brother; ander. in1Ii"'" _oral ....ere dot_ upon the takes to put arma iD1;o Baj&Zet'. in1Idela.. oocm.Iri- the pa.tIIIoN of the handa. &ad provokea him to ..ad BrJ.kaoo from the bord... of Boamelia Belim an insulting _. together to the H8l'7A!O!..ma. and captor.. all with .. distaff and female VeHmeuM, ibe Danube forireeeee from \Viddin to 2lI8, 80lyman irrilated, threatena Nieopo1ie; oppoooo • Turkioh army of Baj_ with diograoo, who """'" up more than double the Dumber of bio arms, but being CODquered, _ into ...... aod completely dofoote them D_ Persia ; . bio extradition being de- Salaakemea. in which boWe II.... 1D&Dded, the Shah ramite him to the topba Kapruli is.la.in, 876• .geute of 8elim, who murder him. Loula nv. (Franoo) baving ~ with bia live eo.,., thno aoouring the lured S_bourg. aU Europe '" ID throne to Belim, who beoomoo ..le alarm, thinking that Franoe aad the heir of 80lyman de -. 229. Porte are agreed upon the ~ Leopold L Emperor of GermaDy ; &ad diomembermeatof Germany. 862; • afleE the memorable victmy of 8L ..tva. the DiVali to contiDue aM Gothard, woo by Hout.ecucalli over war again", Aaotria, but the Porte, the Turks, the Imporial ..binet, clioo&tioJIed with ,be Freaclt King. inotoad of pareaing that advaatege Iietena to the IOlicit&tiouo of the ..hiob opened the rood to moot _ Prince of Oraal!". and ...,.pta the Hive CODqaeoto, eurprieoo all Europe m"'iotioo 01 EngIaad and Bolland, by maIdag _ with the Porte.. which bringo """'" the p_ 01 CM· _ty lor • twenty yearri _ being Iowilz, 878. eoacladed.l_dayaafter.'Vaavar; LonIdaDo. the V_ oomID8D­ tile Emperor .baDdone to the Turks cIer. drJivero Lepanto from the Turks all -their CODqaeoto, .ad withdra_ with bio _. 106. bia BUpportfrom Ba1wezy and Kemeai, LorraIDe, Cbarlee Duke 01. Ie&d

aword and has many thousands sold 8lI:~ated at thil, reaeoends the into slavery; supplies the vaoanoy Danube, takea Kilia and Bra'aa., and thus created by a Turkish population ; pursues Wlad, who IIUI'p1'ifJee the celebrates his triumph by orgi.. Bdld Sultan'. camp and nearly takee him bloody executiOll8, 126 j in the OODsoli .. prisoner j next, directe hiB march upau dation of his empire is guided by Buchereot, and II horror·otricken •• politio and enlightened counoele; the Bight of 20,000 Turko and Buig... his renewal of the Greek patriarchate riane empoled by Wlad on tbe plain of gives rise to the population of Greek P ..... latu. 186 ; J oiCZB eaptnred, .... d all DobIes oaJled Phanariots; draf. BoBnia faUa to the Tarb; deftnitively families from Servia, the Morea, nnilee Wallochia 10 the Empire by Genoeee oolomoo, Trebizonde, Binope, eBtabliohing Badul, brother of WIad, and Adrianople to repsople the in his otead, 186; march.. agoinat capital; oonfiecateB the Jande of the Albania, but compelled by Bcander· great Greek famiIi.., and tr_orme beg . 10 retire; VeDiee menaced by them into Ii...... 128; the rapid de­ *he Osmanli. 139; oonquer_ Karama.­ velopment of Ottoman power the nia, dspooeo the Grand Vizier Mah­ work of lees than thirty yes.ra ; Greece. moud and eaU88B him to be '"" 10 Wallochia, Bervia, BOBIIia, Albania, death, 141; Croatia, Carniola, and the Crimea, and principal isles of the Btyria, invaded and rBV8f!ed by M.-­ Archipelago, oompletely oubjeoted ; bends of Turko, 142 ; ...ki~ to oom· the Turkish Empire vf1f1 nearly ... pel Btephen IV. of MoldaVIa 10 poy tains its definitive limite in Europe; tribute, an Ottoman army of 100,000 pnDish8B his Vizier, Khalil Pacba, thoroughly routed by 40,000 Molda­ convicted of conniVIYlCe with the Yiana; the Crimea. conquered and Greek&, with death ; makeB war npon MengJi Bharal _lied there .. the Bervia, oeizeB upon Ostrowitz, but Bultan'. v...... J and tributary, 143; miscarriee before Bemendria; his Btephen IV. drawo !be Turkish army army defeated by the KraI Georg.., into the foreot of BohoeDi and aeoisted by Hnuyade, who obtain • thoroughly routB it with the Ioae of truce; recommences the war and be­ 80,000 men, 144; OIl attempt on Croia ~ BeJgrade, 129; is wonnded and repuIaed. and Lepanto being delivared rai... the Biege, leaving his dead and by Loredano, a _ty made willi all his artillery nuder the wallo; the VeDi.., 146; attar dreadful rav8f!" oonqnest of Bervia is oompleted, and in Blavonia, Hungary, and Tranoy(. it is redneed to • provinee of the yaoia, the Turko....wn a memorable Ottoman Empire, 130; the eubjection def..... at Kengar._; three of the of Greece COIlSIlIDIDAied; 'UJe)(~ ImDan llJands wreoted from the a­ frlghtfnlly aeveetated, ito inhabiiante pot of A.rto, 144; to taka piti.leBB1y m·pe·red, and the TurkB lIhedeo by. ",:.:.;:r.by Pierre rule nndividedly all the Greek peniD. d'Au...... ~ death, eharaeter, enIa, and '"" the WeB of the ArchiJ"'" and in_tiona of Hahomet IL, 148. !ago to raneom, 131; Beanderbe8 __ IlL, BOD of A.rnuraIh IlL having defeated _vely three by the BuItaDa BaIf., the VenetiaD, armies, the Bulian dero him -. the _ heir of the Tnrkioh throne &Dd le&veehim in ~ po xsiaa who enjoyed- before ~ aD m. of Epirus and AlbaDia; ezpedition dependent government; his .-ion against Trebizoede and Binope, 1St; marked by the moot horrible appJi. the ComneD8B DUIde priaouero and ...- of the fratricidal law of put to death; the Empreee Helena, Kahome$ IL; be orden hill njn telD havingwitneooed the _of her brothera to be 1ItraogIad; the _ chiIdreu. dieo from grief and m· , . highly unfa>'011rBble to the 133; attemptathe red_ of B':Z. =~OD the Grand Vizier, at­ and WalJecbi.. aDd O.dliU1i8 &be temntin~ to gain P' ;.." of Will­ Herzegovina; di.sgoised .. a monk, Iaebi.,-" driv... bed< with 11"'"* _ Boonia to inspeet the for. oIanghter by _I 1M -. 27.; treoaea, is _,,,,ad, boought _ war in Hungary; __ of the King Btephen, and honoonI>Iy m.. Chriatious by the ~ 27i ; 1diebeel mioeed; triea to get rid of his 1M _. 276; _ of Jdaho""" WJad by mnDing who oeizeB the'ii::l IlL with F_ 277·'1/9; tbe *",0 __iphighlyaa- Ibe taD'...... ". and empeIeo theta, to HISTORICAL INDEX. 899

Turks; the operations of the Serukier Milo, 814; diplomatic rupture with Sa_hi so unfortunate as to con France caused. by De I.a. Haye, the him his clismiss&! and his life; the amba.ssa.dor, giving offence to the Dew war oa.rried OD. feebly for six years Vizier, Kupruli, 817; certain des­ longer with varying BUcceSS, '279 ; even pa.tches from the Venetians to the the death of the Sulta.n had little Ambassador having been deliverad effect upon it; :M:a.homet m. is up to the Vizier by a renegade, quietly aucoeedad by his son, Aehmet Kupruli orders De la. Baye to repair L,tben.soa.rcely seven years of age, 280. to Adrianople; the latter being ill is Mahomet IV., BOD. of the Sultan represented by his BOD, 818; who on Ibra.him, suoceeds him when soarcel,. refusing to decipher the despatchea, seven yea.rs old i at first the Sta.te 18 is maltreated and thrown into a dun­ governed by the women and eunuchs, geon, whilst the secretaries and in. who fill up the highe.t pom at their terpreters of the emblLBByo.re mene.oed p188.ll1lr8; his long reign .....y be di­ with torments and even dea.th; on vided into three periods-the fust, Ma.zEUin dema.nding amends and the filled with &editions and reverses; in dismissal of the Vizier, Kupruli re.. the seooud, Ahmed Kupruli re.estab­ ceivea the envoy superciliously and lisbes the affairs of the Empire; in thres.tens to send away De 180 Baye • the third troubles recommence, and ignominiously; the rupture seems the Ottoman power, shaken within complete, but Ma.zarin refusing to and without, totters to its decline; involve himself in an impolitio strug.. after the murder of Ibra.him, the gle with Turkey, recaJls De Is. Haye, Porte experienoeB anew the domi.. 819; the Sultan, having remonstrated Dation of the soldiery; theJa.ni.sae.ries in vain with the King of Poland at first suppress an insurrection of against his invasion of the Ukraine, ltohoglaus and Sip&his, but ma.ke the deolares war against him.. a.nd, in young Sultan pa.:y deo.rly for their ooDjunotion with the Tartars of the guardianship i durmg the wa.r aga.inst Crimea, besieges a.nd oaptureB Rami. Venice they _compromise the honour 0080 and Lemberg; the king sues for of the Crescent by revolts in presence peace, but only obtains it by the even of the enemy; they refuse to disgra.oeful conditions of the trea.ty oontinue the siege of Candia.; another of BUC8&C8 i -the Poles refuaing to sedition costs the life of the Sulta.n.'s ratify the trea.ty, the Sultan at the lP'a.ndfatber i irritated a.t the dala.y in . head of his army retakes the wa.y to the payment of their arrears, 818; Poland, but is defea.ted at Choozim they call for death to the memberB by Sobieski, 845; the Tartar Khan of the Divan; the Sultan obeys, de­ serving BoB a media.tor between 80.. livers to the executioner his dearest bieski and the Sultan, a treaty is. servants, and the whole adminis­ "signed at Daoud, 846; s. war dis­ tration is overthrown i the Grand astrous to the Porte waged with the Vizier next de~; revolts break Russians for five yetu'S is terminated out in 1Jhe Asia.tio J»rovin088; the by the trea.ty of Ra.dzin, 848 i a for.. governor of Anatolia. 18 overcome and mal trea.ty entered into with TebU, slain by the rebels; eo long as inter­ and severa.! conquests effeoted aga.inst nsJ a.narohy preva.ils, the Sultan ob­ the Austria.ns, 850; the Sultan baving tains DO advantagewitbouttherealm; morohad with & la.rgearmyto Belgrade A.dmira.l MonoeDigo obta.ins a. com­ there tra.nefers it to Ka.ra Mustapha' plete victory over the Turkish 'fleet, who ra.shly resolves to besiege Vienna: and, by a. strict blockade of the 851; the ~ks. enoounteJ: a signal Hellespont, Constantinople is a.lm08t defeat, flee m disorder, abandoning fa.mished i Mahommed Kupruli made their oa.mp and baggage, and a booty Grand Vizier, restores order a.nd dis­ estimated at flfteeil million crowns. cipline; suppresses a military mutiny 966 i the Sulta.n enraged at a auo­ by capital punishments, and ha.Dgfl oeasion of reverses ca.uaea Kara. Mus­ the Greek petrioroh aooused of trea­ tspha to be beheadad; the league BOO; the war against the Veoetians &gains' the Turks, oaJIad the Holy vigorously resumed i the isles of Ta­ War, ensues, lasting till the Peaoe of Ded08 and Lemn08 reconquered, but Oarlowitz, 8&9; fresh revemes in' these BUOO8SBeB a.re balanced by a Hungary. and Buda token by the victory obtained by the Republio near Duke of Lorraine, 864-6; Athens be- 400 HISTORICAL INDEX.

sieged a.nd ita Acropolis partially de­ Manuel, IOn of Paltaologwo L. stroyed by ""pl08ion of the Turkioh agrees to abdic&te the Byzantine powder ma.ga.z:i.ne, 866; the Vizier, throne in favour of John, BOD of An­ Suleiman Paella, defeated by the dronicus and content himself with Christian army Dear Mobace with .. the Morea, 91; recovers the throne 10 .. of 20,000 m .... with their artillery and enters into a.u. alliance with a.nd baggage, and the reduction of Solyma.n. 80D of Baja.zet I., who 1I1l!'... Transylvania completes the measure rendera to him .• portion of the Ott;o.. of the Duke of Lorraine'a glory and man oonqa.este m l:urope, 99; Mot186, the discouragemeut of the Turks, S66; brother of 801yman, having laid Biege after the unfortunate Hungarian ex­ to Constantinople. the Emperor in­ pedition, the Janissaries and Bipabia vi-tell Mahom~, Mouaa'. brother, to mutiny against the Grand Vizier, aid him, 101; the placea recently tom who is summoned to give up the from him by Mouaa restored by standard and eeaI.; to """"PO that Ma.homet I. OD hi. &OCe8Irion, 102; outburst; he 11... IIOCl'8tly to Peter­ otlended by the refusal of Amurath wardein a.nd thence to Belgrade; the n. to eonfIdo his two broth... to hw soldiers elect a· Grand Vizier and care, he releasee from pri80D the pre. addr... .. BOlemn petition againa$ tender Mnstapha, the latter engaging Suleiman; Mahomet Mrri1i.ed, gra.nte by _ty to reotore to the Gr.. ka their dema.nds, ad sends them the Gallipoli, Tbeas&ly, etc., 105; -1'1 head of his old minister; hut tha in vain to di8&l'm the resentmeut of soldiery oould DO longer be stopped; Amurath, who be8iegell Constanti... they march upon Cousta.ntiuople and nople; incites the Sul .....'. ,oungoR depose the Sultan himself; he is COD­ brother to rebellion. 107. fined in the Seraglio, whence they -.BOD of Mahmud of Ghiznl, draw forth his broth.. Boliman to uttorly defeated at Zondecan by T?'J­ B1lOCl8ed him; Mahomet IV. dies clio­ ruI Boy, tha Turkish chief, and this regarded live yearuftorwarclB, 861. decisive action .haiten into frAlr­ _.Adhel, Sui"'" of Oairo, ..... menta the 0010IIII&\ empire of the UDites under his domination tha in­ Ghi=evidoB, 83. heri""'... of the BODS of BaJadiD, the Maxtmutpn the Archduke, h...wa.a valorcns Sultan of Egypt and chiva1- with Sigismund, Priuoe of TraDllyl­ rona foe of Bioherd C­ or Huogarians perish, ~6. lished in Egypt sinoe tha middle of JIazariD, luIo&, Primo MiniIIIer of the thirteenth century, -u.a by Louio XIV.. his wily policy alike to. 8elim L, and defeated after .. M.D­ warde the Turka and V.....uan.; hut guinary strugg1e, IasmIg thres da1S is unwiJJing thY the Turka ohould and nighto, from _ to _ m domioate the KeditorranoUl by the Cairo i alInoei aU are me., iecJ, c:::::d!rOD of Candia -; IIeDd8 aD a.m- and with them 30,000 of tha inhebi­ onraordinary to offer the _; tha Iao& Mameluke Bultan, Di.... the mediatiou of Franco, which . Touman Boy. heDged M tha gate of is ~tiIy rejected; off... to the Cairo,115. V...... the oo-oporotioD of the Jf.aDBo1I, tha -' Khan of the l'ronch navy oa oaclI 0C>IIditi0D0 thY :Ho_1s, fourth """""""" of Zinghis, the Senate _ the offer; MOdo to is oonverted to Ohristianity by the Vouico a .._, of 10,000 ...,.."., pray... _ ootreaties of the KiDg of bal &eCl'8d1. aDd iD m. OWD DaID8; Armeuia; occupies himooI1 wiih cJ&. -aa nino ohipo to ftgIR under the otroying the _ of the ...... Venetian flag, 311; and aIIowo more which had made the .....aero pr;.w­ than 60,000 ooldi.... to he recruited in kemblo during two C8IlMrioa, 40; 1'...... _ .-opt the pay of Voni<:e, tncked to their _to, their Iao& 812; __ to _&adiplomatio chief 00_ to ...... aor himooIf into mpkIre arisiDg oui of the mMm""·· the baudo of __ a ...... iDg _ .... the Visior _ &be HISTORICAL INDEX. 401

French ambassador, sends&. letter mara.; becomes the obief agent in the from Louis XIV., demanding amends destruction of the KbaJifate, 30-1. a.nd the dismissal of Kupruli; the Montecu.culli, commander-in-ehiet envoy, received BIlperciliously, is un­ of the army of Leopold L (Germany), able to obtain an audience of the succeeds Count. de Strozzi in Hun­ Sultan, &n.d returns with his letters; gary, and arrests the tide of Mussul· Mazarin reoaJls De la. Haye, and man invasion j defeats the Turks in entrusts the a.fi'a.irs of France at the memorable ba.ttle of St. Gothard, Oonstantinopieto Boboly, So merchant, in which they are utterly routed, and who rema.ins in cha.rge till 1665; nearly 25,000 of them sla.i.n or drowned urged by England, Holla.nd a.nd Aus­ in the Ra.a.b, 322. tria. to deola.re WB.1', he refuses to in­ l\D:orosinl, governor of Oandia, re.. volve himself in an impolitic struggle fuses to aJlow .. band of volunteers with Turkey, but sends 4,000 French­ under oomma.nd of the Duke de 1.. men to Candia, and prepares to aid Feuillade to make a sortie, the garri­ the Emperor a.ga.inst the Ottomans, son being exhaUBted, 829; on the de.. 819; a comparison of Mazarin with ,parture of the French under theDuke Kupruli, 820. de Navs.i.lles, Oo.ndia being no longer Mongll Bheral. son of Devlet, in· defendable, Morosini capitulates, alJ.d staJled Kha.n of the Crimea. by Ma.ho­ signs a. peace with the Turks, 881. met II. as his va.sea.l and tributary, Mousa, son of Baja.zet I., estab­ 148. lishes himself a.t Broussa., 99; strug.. MIohe.el, King of Poland, invade. ~es with Mahomet for ascendency the Ukraine to hinder the COBBa.cks m Asia, and with his brother Solyman throwing themselves into the 8ol'DlS of in Europe j is defeated, but with a the Osma.nli; refuaing to obey the recruited army is welcomed e.t Adria,.. mandate of Ma.homet IV., the Sultan, nople, a.nd on the tlight and death of in conjunction with the Ta.rtars of Solyman, takes possession of the the Crimea, besieges Ka.minieo. which throne, 100; eifeota some conquests ca.pitula.tes, and Lemberg being taken in the Byza.ntiue dominions, 8.nd l.a.ya also, Michael SUBS for peace, and siege to Constantinople j compelled to obtains it by the disgraoeful treaty of ra.ise the siege, and, Ma.homet having B ucsa.cs, 84J). advanced against him, he sustains a M1rid1tes, the, with-the Archbishop tota.l defeat, and dies in &. ma.rsh of Durazzo, bes.d a oonspiracy aga.inst during his !light, 101. Ba.jazet II., 168. Murad Pacha, by bis indomitable lIIfiraa Mah6met, gmn.dson of Ti. energy,suoceeds in terminating along mour, pillages and destroys Broussa, and murderousstruggie against Persia, Nicma. a.nd other pla.oes in Asia allied with numerous Asiatio popu­ Minor, 98. lationa, and gains thereby the surname Mohaoz, the aa~ary ba.ttle of, of Ratmer oj tM Bmpin, 283. won by Bolyma.n I., m whioh I"'riebed Mustapha, a. pretender to the the Hungarian na.tionality; Its great throne, giving h.imSelf out to be the induence upon the destinies of Eu­ lourth son of Baj ....t 1., supported by rope, 191. Mo.roea. VOi'vode of WaJIoohia and Monoen1go, the Venetie Admiral, Djouneid, invadea "Thess&ly, 104; is obtains a complete viotory over the overoome near ThessMonica. and keptt Turkish tleet in the De.rda.nelles; prisoner by the Ewperor Manuel; on seizes upon Tenedos, Ba.m.othraoia., the a.coession of Amura.th II. is re­ and Lemnos, and by a strict blockade leased and incited by Mf\Duel to rebel almost famishes OOllstantinople i 10888 against that Sultau, 106; a.t the head his life in e.n indeoisive battle fought of a. Greek army takes Gallipoli, and near the Hellespont, 814. thenoe, accompanied by DjOUDeid, Montaasem, third BOn of HaroUD­ . marohes·uJ?OnAdrianople; is confront;.. Al-Ra.sohid, and twenty-seventh Kha­ ed by BaJezid Pa.cba., Amura.th's ge­ life 01 Bagdad, forms I> body-goard of nerM, whose troops a.ll pass over to the Turkish mercenaries; his polioy fa,. pretender's Bide and massacre Baje.. tally erroneous, aa they despise the zid j orosees the straits to encounter feebleneee 01 the Khlilifaie, whilst the forces of Amura.th; deserted by they grasp .t ita riohes; retiree in Djouneid e.nd bis army, he :8.ees to diogust from Bagdad IWd founds s.. LI>mptl&OUB and thenoe to Gallipoli; VOL. L •• - . HISTORICAL INDEX. is pursued 17 Amurath and defeated; provinll88 of the Eastern Khalifate, ~eea to Adrianople, where he robs the 21. treasury and resumes his flight to­ Orba.n, an Hungarian ironfounder, wards Wa.lla.ohia; is seized upon by constructs, for the siege of Constan­ his followers, brought back to Adria­ tinople, the most enormous cannon of nople, and hanged upon a tower of which history makes mention, 117; that city by AmUrath II., 106. it bursts and kills its inventor, 119. Kustapha Pacha, his rivalry with Orehan, son of Othoman, appoints Sinan Pa.cha. for the Vizier ate ; on the his brother Aladdin Vizier; transfers seals being given by Amurath III. to the seat of government to Broussa, Sinan, he dies f:!Ome days after, either 56; defeats the Emperor Andronicus of grief or suicide, 268. the younger, and captures Nicrea, 58; Kustapba. I., the imbecile brother his series of conquests, 59; his at­ of Achmet I., is raised from a dun­ tempt upon Constantinople Vigorously geon to the throne; his pastime to repulsed by John Cants.cuzene, 68; throw gold to the fishes of the Bas­ Orchan's marriage with the latter's phorus; after three months' posses­ daughter, the bond of an important sion of the soeptre, is led back to alliance; he finds himself sole arbiter prison-replaced by his nephew Os­ of the Greek Empire; aiding the' man, .295; on the murder of Osman, Venetians CJLuses an open rupture is c;>nce more set upon the throne; with Cantacuzene; sides with John after being for fifteen months the Pa.heologus against the latter, 64 ; the plaything of the soldiery, is deposed oapture of the fortress of Tzympe In favour of Amurath, eldest son of gives the Turks their first permanent Achmet, 299. footing in Europe; sendl! forces under . Kustapha II., on succeeding his his son Solyman to aid Canta.cuzene brother, Achmet II., as Sultan, ener. against Pa.heologus, 65 ; the Turks ex­ getically heads his army, crosses the tend their dominions from the Pro­ Danube, ea.pt]lres several places; car­ pontis to the Danube; as a.lawgiver ries by assault Lippa in Hungary, and and author of the Constitution, Or­ defeats General Veterani near L~os ; chan is regarded as the N uma of the the suecess of that campaign revIves Ottomans, and by hill policy univer­ the enthusil\ollDl oJ Phe ltus~IQans, sally ·respected as the head of the 876. Moslem faith, 66. Orthoguel, son of Soliman Shah, renders aid in battle to Alaeddin, the Na.couh Pa.cha. dares propose to Seljukide Sultan, against the Mongols Aohmet I. to purohs.se the Vizierate ; and Grseks; is rewarded with terri­ points out to him the general demo­ tory which beoomeS' the cradle of the ralisation of the publio service, 298. Ottoman power, 45. Na.va!lias, Duke de, a.ttempts to re­ Osma.n or Othoma.n (leg-breaker), lieve Candia with . a large French founder of the Ottoman dynasty, 45 ; foroe, but fa.ils, and the garrison is its grandeur said to have been mira­ forced to oapitulate, 881. culously announced to him; his Nemania, Stephen, reoognized by dream; marries the beautiful Maika.­ the Greek Emperors as independent toun, 46'; founds a new empire upon Prince of Servia, and becomes founder the ruins of the Seljukian and Byzan­ of it. dyns.sty which lasts 300 years, tine dynasties; stains the commence­ 67. - ment of his reign by the murder Of his uncle Deindar, 53; his viotorious· oareer, oharacter, and death, 55. Ootal-Kahl:I., son of Zinghis; under Osman II., eldest son of Achmet I., him the Karismians, conquered and saluted Padischa by the venal sol­ driven back by the ~ongols, throw diery; his character, 295; the success themselves upon Syria, ravage it, of Iskander Pacha incites him to at­ seize upon JerusaJem and massacre tempt the conquest of Poland a.ga.l.nst all its inhabitants, 38. the advioe of his ministers; marches Ogbuz-Xs.hn, a desoendant of Turk, against Sigismund m.; his first as­ the common ancestor of all the sault on the Poles successful, but a Turks; the legend of his six sons, 26. mutiny breaks out, and the Sultan • _ ()mmjacies, the, usurp the western retreats; his scheme to destroy the BISTORIc~r. INDEX • 403 refractory Ja.nisaa.ries prema.turely be~ ..If inoopable of defending The.. a.1o­ trayed j they revolt and 8otta.ck the Dica., cedes tba.t city to the V 8D.etia.ns, Seraglio. 297 j drag forth 14U8tapba. 109; --, Constantine (Dra.gOZ88), from his dungeon and salute him not reOei~ the promised pension Pa.discha; Consta.ntinople is a.blm~ for the mamtenance of Solyma.n's doned to plunder and deva.atatioD; grandson, imprudently tbrea.tens to the youthful Sultan dragged to the Bet his prisoner at liberty; irritated Beven Towers, is there strangled­ at that men&oe, Mahomet II. thinks the flrst Ottoma.n Emperor assassi­ ouly of making an end oi Oonste.nti­ na.ted by his subjects, 298. nople; the Emperor, terrified, sends Osman Pacha sustains the honour an humble embusy to Mahomet, of the Ottoma.n arms in Daghsata.D.; offering to pa.y tribute, which offer is destroys the Persian a.rmy and BUb­ unheeded; ....a. a last moosage of mission of the oountry secured j re­ defia.ncs, 116; aJl the energy of the ceived on his return with extra.ordi­ Byzantines expended in miserable na.ry honour by Amura.th m. and religious discords, 118 i sta.te of Con­ na.med Vizier a.nd Beraekier. 264:; stantinople when invested by 14 ... begins the Persian war again with re­ homet II.; the. Emperor anima.tes newed aotivity; the Ottomans enter hio people by fightint! in penon on Tebriz BoB conquerors, and pillage it the ra.mparts, 119 i on Mahomet offer. during three dey. and night. ; but the ing lifo and liborty to the inhabitant. ill-health of the Vizier arrests his if the city oa.pitula.ted, Consta.ntine successes; oonstra.ined to effect his refuses the offer, preferring rather to retrea.t, amd disabled from directing bury himself in its ruins, 121; on the the a.rmy, is atta.cked, suffers defea.t, BBsa.ilanta brea.king their way through and dies a. few da.ys afterwards, 267. the CaJigaria Gate, the Emperor Otto:aum. Turks, the, their origin i rushes in desperation among their the Osmanli a. bra.nch of the Turks r&nks and falls beneath a. sabre of a in the larger mea.n.ing of the word, Janiss&ry, 122; his. head exposed 25; their conversion to Isla-miam, 27; upon the Augusteon, 126. when permanently established in Con... Pa.l&!IoloSUS, Thomas, a son of, sells Btantinople, 29 j their :first pa.ss&.ge to Cha.rles vm. of France his rights into Europe a.n.d early contests with to the throne of the Elldlt, 162. the Greeks, 62 j progress of their arms, P1r1 Paoha, Gra.nd Vizier of Bellm 66. . I. and Solyman 'he Chvat, 172 ; Selim'. ottoman Navy, ita deoay towa.rds oruel reply to Firi's request to give the olose of the 16th century, 281. him notice when the Sultan wished to Ouroaoh V., the Berb empire dis­ get rid of him, 177; invests Belgrade, membered under the attacks of his 180; is deposed in favour of 801y" v&88&ls, who BOught to render them.. man's favourite, Ibrahim, 18S. selves independent, 68. Radhl, Al, an imbaoile KbaJife of Palmologus, John, Emperor of Con­ Bagdad, 20th of the Abb.. oid .. and Btantinople, bis struggle with Co.nta,.. 89th of the successors of Ma.h.omet,diea ouzen&; his troops defeated by Soly­ in 940, s.nd the temporal power of the ma.n, BOn of Oroh&D., 66; sends hi", KhoJifes terminates with him, 81. BOD Theodore to serve in the Ottoman Ragazzoni, his desoription of the oamp_ 80S & proof of his submission to depreBBion and degrada.tion of the Amura.th L; oonsJ?ira.cy of hiB eldest Ohristiano in Turkey in 1671, 282- eon AndronioUB WIth Sandsohi, son of RoumalnB, the. become tributary to Amur&th, to depose their respective the Hungarians; rega.in their inde­ fathers, 79 i is dethroned by his BOD pendence under Radoul tM B1M1:, but ADdronioua a.emsted by Bs.ja.zet I.; fall s.ga.io. under Hungarian domina.. is restored by the latter under humi. tion, 69. . liating conditions, 84; forma & plan RoxaJana, a Rusaian slave, whom of fortifying Constantinople, but reo Bolyman 1M Ormt, by pre.eminent quired to abandon the project by distinotion, &cknowlec1ges as his legi~ Ba.jazet; dies, leaving his BOn Manuel timat. wife (Khourum Sultana); ob­ in po88888i.on of the throne, 86. tains &D extraordinary B8OEInda.noy PaIlBolosua II. John, flDdiug him-. over him; auooessfu1ly strives for the •• 2 404 HISTORICAL INDEX.

Buccession to the throne of her son in Amasia; conquers, in two years, Salim; the Persian campaign under­ Northern Mesopotamia and a consi­ taken at her instigation, in order to derable part of Persia; next, reduces display the military talents of her Syria, and then turns his arms against son-in-law, Rustem, made commander­ Egypt, 173; subdues Touman Bey, in-ohief, 226. the last Sultan of the Mamelukes, RusSia, first relations of the Otto­ and has him hanged at the gate of man Empire with; in 1492, Ivan ilL, Cairo; carries away the treasures of Grand Duke of Moscow, the veritable the Mameluke Sultans, and takes oreator of the Russian Empire, makes with him a colony of artizans, whom friendly propositions to Bajazet II. he establishes at Constahtinople; en­ through the medium of the Khan of forces from Mahomet XII. the last the Crimea; in 1495 a Muscovite am­ representative of the Abbasside Ka­ bassador appears at Constantinople, lifes, the rights and distinctive en­ 165; and four years after a second signs of the Khalifate-the standard, envoy obtains commercial privileges sword and mantle of the Prophet, 175 ; for the Russian merchants, 166. the rapidity and magnitude of his Rustem Paoha, third Vizier of conquests excite the alarm. of the Solyman the G'I'eat, becomes son-in­ European potentates; Venice and law to that Sultan by marriage with Hungary conciliate the Porte and re­ the daughter of the Sultana Roxalana, new the peace entered into with the and is raised from favour to favour Sultan's father; the Venetians trans­ to the highest dignity of the Empire; fer to him the tribute previously paid is made commander-in-chief to oon­ to the Sultan of Egypt for the posses­ duot the Persian campai~; renders sion of Cyprus; Pope Leo X. deorees his benefactress a repulSIve service, a new crusade against the infidels, but· 226. with no result save a profitable com­ pact between himself and the French King, 176; Selim's last enterprise is Saturdschi, the Seraskier, his cam­ directed against Rhodes, which he paign of 1598 so highly adverse to the was not destined to accomplish; dies Turkish arms as to cost him his dis­ of the plague at Tschorli; the fame missal and his life, 279. of this great conqueror sullied by acts Sava, Prince of Servia, son of of the most impious cruelty; yet, in Stephen Nemania, founds the patriar­ spite of sanguinary follies and crimes, chate, 67. he is reokoned amongst the great men Scanderbeg,-see Castriot, George. . of the Ottoman Empire, 177. Selim 1., the Inflexible, son of Baja­ Selim II., the Drunkard, son ofSoly­ zet II., raised to the throne by the man the Great and Roxalana; his Janissaries, distributes fifty ducats per share in the plot to ruin his brother man amongst them on his aocession, Bajazet, who is given up by the Shah 168; Ahmed, his brother, endeavour­ of Persia, and murdered with his five ing to assert his claims by arms, is sons, 229; on his accession he ex­ defeated, captured, and executed; hausts the treasury by gratifications and that he may have no rival near to the J anissaries, Seraglio officers, the throne, puts to death his younger and the Ulema; the first of the Otto­ brother Korkud, and causes five of his man Sultans who proves to be un­ nephews to be slain before his eyes at worthy of the throne; leaves all the Broussa, 169; Ismai1, the Shiite cares of government to his Vizier leader, half warrior, half prophet, at Sokolli; afteroonoluding a peace with the head of his adherents harasses Austria, 242, the Sultan directs his the Ottoman frontiers; Selim has an attention to the conquest of -Cyprus exact census taken of them with the and Arabia, by which his reign is most profound secrecy, and then chiefly distinguished, 245; curious orders a general massacre; 40,000 motive assigned for undertaking the heretios perish in one day, 171; the Cyprian war, 246; the Venetians de­ Sultan defeats Ismarl in the valley of fend Nicosia and Famagosta againl!t Tcbaldiran,and seizes upon the Schah's the Turkish forces under Mustapha treasures in Tebriz; after reducing Pacha; Nicosia taken and the inhabi­ several fortresses he traverses Georgia tants massacred, 247; Famagosta and Armenia. and nasses the winter onnoBes a stubborn resistance under HISTORICAL INDEX. 405

More Antonio Bragadino, a.ndrepWsaa Venetian and· Rhodi&n floot to Da.\­ six aasa.ulta; want of munitions com· matia,89. pels him at lenRth to oopi_to; the Sigismond Bathol'J", Prinoe of Turks shamefully violate the OBopitn­ Transylvania, is defeated with the la.tiOD, the vali&nt Braga.dino being Arehduko M&ximiIi&n by tho Turko at lIayed aJive and 9-ua.rtered by Musta.­ Keresztea in a battle which luts three pha. i these a.trocities provoke a.u aJIi­ days, an event whioh creates the anoe ogainattheSuiton oalled the Holy groo_ a.\a.rm throughout Europe, League, oonoluded between Pope Pius 275_ V., Philip II. of Spa.in, the Venetians SIman, Bodreddln, " loomed iuris­ and one or two minor powers, 248 ; the oonsult and theologian, promoter of Christian. of tho Loague .ttock tho certa.in stra.nge dogmas, the prea.ohing Osmanli fleet near Lepa.nto, a.nd de· of which causes an insurrection nea.r loot tho Turko with torriblo lOBS of Smyrna, 108 j rapidly raises a. force men and ships j the most signal dis,.. in the HlBmus mounta.ins; is defeatecl tor thot had yet befallon tho Ottoman by the Turkish army near Seres, and &rOlS. 249~50 j a. pea.oe being ftn.a.Uy ha.nged, 104,. concluded, Venice surrenders Cy}?ru8, . SobieBk1, John, Xing of Poland; and consents to pay a double tribute the Poleo refusing to ratify tho treaty for Za.nte, 258; a na.vaJ. force leaves of BuC9&C8, or become tributary to Oonsta.ntinople to snatch Tunis from the Porte, Mahomet IV. aga.in invades the grasp of the Spaniards, which ia Poland; Sobieski, Genera.! of the . taken by assault, 264 j this expedition Republio, crosses the Dniest.er, and is the 1aat important a.ot of Selim'. oooonded by tho Wa1laohiana and reign, who dies from the effect of a Molda.vians, defeats the Ottomans at debauch; towards the olose of this Ohoczim, and pursues them as far 88 roif!D bogin tho first dioputeB of tho the GateB of Ka.minieo ; Miohael, King Porte with Russia, 255. of Poland, dying at that moment, Boljuklde Sultono. tho, thoir loro­ Sobieski receives the rewa.rd for his cious ardour for war a.nd oon~ueBt, services to the Republio a.nd Christia­ 84 j the empire attains its hlldlest nity by the Diet proclaiming him pitch of splendour under Malek Shah ; King, B45; the Turks proving It a.t his death it is divided between the 8800nd time succeBsful against Ka.mi.. lour ohio! Seljukian dyuaotioo, 86. niee, ·Franoe in vain attempts to nego­ Serbs, the, clear the way to Con. tia.te a peace; the Taortar Khan then etoutmoplo lor tho Turko by their serves as a media.tor, and a treaty is conquests. 68. signed. at Daoud. by which Ka.minieo, II Seven Towers," the ancient By­ Podolia, and the Ukraine rems.in to zantine oastle oalled the, deecription the Porte, except some towns, 846; of. 281. . Sobieski, loti the head of a valiant Blawuooh Pooh.. Grand Vizlor 01 army, aids the Emperor Leopold at Soliman n., after the deposition of the siege of Vienna. by the Turks; Ms.homet IV. by the army, he entera heading a charge, is oarried too far, Constantinople at the head of the re­ and nea.rly overwhelmed by numbers, bellious troops j the Janisaaries and but puts the enemy to :6.ight on aU SipahiB becoming more turbulent than Bides, 865; infliots upon them anotihez ever, demand an increased aocession­ signal defeat at Parkany, and ends donative, whioh beinp: resisted, a the oampa.ign by the capture of Gran, furious riot ensues, m which the bold a.\moot a oontory a.nd a ba.\I by pe.la.oee of the ministers are stormed, the Ottomons, 858_ plundered, and burnt, and the Grand SokoUl, Vizier 01 Bellm 1M .Dt.mh­ Vizier hi.mself falla by the hands of a.rd, preserves the traditions of the those who elected him. his body being reign of SolyJll8oD. eM Gretu, and mam.. tom into shreds, and horrible oruel. tains the dignity of the Empire in ita tiea in1lictecl upon his wife, sister, and foreip relations. 242 ; after the battle alavee. 868. of Lepanto repairs the lOBB88 of the Stglsmond, Xing 01 Hungary. aided Ottoman marine with marvellous by Frenoh and German aJ.liea, besieges promptitude, 269 i his authony'tyre Nioopolis with a view of orushing the atrained nnIortunatoly by Amur rising Ottoman Empire, but is d. llL. 256; the Sultan's favourites I ..ted by Boj... t L; oooopea in the the Vizier'. ruin i his nepbew 406 HISTORICAL INDEX.

pha Pacha, GovemOll' of OfeD, i. heads stuck. upon stakes; Dext presfNM executed, and Bokolli aaaasai.n&ted in . operations agaiDBt Belgrade, which his palace. 26L • ebattered by his artillery. capitulalel SoUman Shah, son of KaiaJp. driven after repulsing more than twent) into Armenia. by the inV&8iOD of .....ulte; it becomea thenoeforth tho Zinghis., is drowned in the Euphrates; strongest bnIwark of tho Empire; his descendants settle in the nar· having re,;cained hiI O&pital receiVal row C80nton in Asia Minor, which waa the ambaasadore and felicitationa oj the cradle of the Ottoman power, 46. the Grand Duke of RWIIIia and athOl Sollman, kinsman of Malek Shah, princes i peaoe renewed with the V 8Jl8. conquers Asia. Minor from the Greeks; "ianB and a commercial treaty 00Jl0 forms an alliance with one of the two oluded with them; resamee the pro­ Greek competiton for the Byzantine jecta of hi. f.ther against Rhoclea by throne, helps to set him on the throne, beaiegiDg that island, 180; after eeve­ sud rewards himself by takin~ _ raJ ....ulte. repulBed with berole siOD of all the Greek proVInces of obetinaey by tho knighte; lItim .....ted Asia; by his 14abommed&n zea.l by tho namplo of the aged Grand earne the title of (JDDis!>ed by the 8uItaa, up in the BengIio of Adrianople to his 184; new policy of France towards aeneuaJ prcoIivitieo, _ appean the Ottoman Empire. 186; • French suddenly at the gatea of that city embeooy intercepted by the Ssudjak with his recruiied army; tha.$ In'EIf"' of Boenis, sud the am_ mur· sing ~an·er oaunot tear Solyman dered, together with hia twelve at­ from ~ 100; his emirs, in. _to, wi&h the ouppoeed privity of dignan$. ab&ndon him; he 'ill COD­ Ferdino.nd of AuoUia, un; Solyman mained 10 lIee, and is aIain on the makes preparationa for iDvadiog road to c.m.w.tinople by the __ Hungary, ADd ccmeludee au armis,.. _te,101. ties with the King of Poland; lID alii· SoI_ 1M O....t, eon of Belim L. ance ooalracted between Fraoce and his _ ...... ebow his love of juetice the Porte. 189; Prancia L _ sud his generosity; one revolt aJone Solyman to invads Hungary. to whieh _ the ClOZDIII8D<101D& of his the Sullan _te; anarchy in Bnn. reign-that of Djanberdi. who is, after gaEy. 1110; Solyman eaptnr.. Peter· ea.using the me. rrO of 6,000 J"a.zris.. w&rdein; ia confronted by the young eariea, defeated. given up by his King Louis .. Ilohaez with gr.. tly foUowere sud put to death ; boetiIitieo inferior r-. who ;,. d_ted and ...... t wi&h Hungary; the prriaon ]:)8J'isbM iu the ri.. er m&nlatw; dliil of Cz&bacz makes an heroic reaistenoe, LMlIe baa great in1Inenoe over the "'" ;,. eDermina&ed, sud SoIymaD .... dee:t;irri,. 01 Europe; &be 8ultAII re­ ters the town __ No _ of ooiyea .. FlBIdwaid the ...,. of Buda; HISTORICAL INDEX. 401

Wissegrod and (kan ouccessiully re­ in Hungary renewed, and Solyman sist, and the Hungarian sntrenched ' enters Buda. without resistance, 215; camp costs the Turks more men tha.n Dew Frtmoo..Turkish a.l1!iance, 219 i did the b&ttle of Mohacz, 191; the the Sultan besieges Gran, which sur­ number of Hungarians m.a88CI'ed in renders, 220; the death of Fra.ncis I. this oampa.i(!D oomputed at 200.000 ; 'hastens the conclusion of a treaty a.fter promismg them John Za.poly~or between Charles V., King Ferdina.nd, their king, the Sultan, laden WIth and the Sultan; war in Asia, 221 i booty, reta.kes the wa.y to his ca.pital; the 1la.mes of war rekindled in Hun­ the 'Turooma.ns of Cilicia. revolt on gary; the lmperiaJists surprised he· a.ocount of the brutalities a.nd exac. fore Szegedin.and cut in pieces, 223 ; tiOD.B of the Turkish agents; the WIU' Temesv&r taken, and all the Beat oontinu811 in Hungaryt a.nd the Bub~ retunis under Ottoman domination, missioD of Croa.tia., S1a.vonia., a.nd DaJ.; 224 ; the Turkish fleet join the French mana effected, 192; ZapolyI defea.ted fleet-the la.st time, until the present by Ferdinand of Austria, imvlores cen~, that the Frenoh and Turks SUooour of the Porte, a.nd r8C81ves .. ftght m the same ranks i but the formaJ promise from the Sultan to be alliance between the two Powers put in possession of Hunga.ry; new oea.ses to be efieetive, direct, and of­ rel.a.tioDs of Fra.ncis I. and Solyman, fensive, 225; the Sultana. Roulane., 198; second expedition a,ga.inst Hun.­ 226; murder of Prince MustafiJha, ga.ry. when Ferdina.nd of Austria. 227 j revolt and murder of Prince hnmbleo himself; King ;rolm Zapoiy. Baja.zet, 229; war with Hungary re­ a.t the head of the magna.tes, does newed, 230-1; the enterprise against homa.ge to the Sultan on the pla.in of Szigeth costs the Sultan his life i his Mohacz i Buda. oapitula.tes &iter • dea.th ooncea.led for three weeks, 288 i resistance of five days, and i~ ga.~ oha.ra.oter of Solyman 1M Great, 284; SOD. is maasa.cred by the JanJ.BSarl68, hi. I...... 286·7; he himself 196; SolymEm next besieges Vienna, commenced the decadence of his Em- 197 ; every a.ssa.ult repulsed, a.nd the pire,238. ' Turks a.t length retreat in the night, Solymo,n TI•• a.Iuted .. Padiooha in after committing their usual barbari­ place of hie brother Ma.homet IV., ties and wa.sting the COUDtry, 198 ; his after living during forty-six yea.re in third expedition aga.inet Hungary; 'the most absolute seolusion, 867; the the Sultan begins his march with news of his elevation strikes him with OrientaJ. pomp, 199 ,his imposing re.. terror; is dragged wmost by main caption of a. French emba.ssy at force to the throne room to receive BeJgn.de. 200; his ma.rch tb,roug» the homs.ge of the Ulema and great Hungary resembles • progress m his dignitaries; the J'a.nissaries demand owu dominions i but the little town an increased a.coeseion-donative, whioh of Giins inflicts upon him the most being resisted, they commit the most humiliating disgrace ever experienoed sanguinary a.trocities, murder the by the pride of Oriental despo~m Grand Vizier, storm, plunder. and amce tha.t of Xerxes, 201; after m­ burn the palaces of the ministers, vesting Gratz. whioh was well dar 868; the standard of the Prophet is fended, Bolyman reluctantly aban­ r~ by ~e Ulema, and the people dona BoD. enterprize for whioh he ba.cl nsmg &ga1nst the rebels, the revolt is made such va.st prepllr&tions. 209, suppressed; the aged Ismael Paoha oonoludea a. pea.oe with Ferdinand's is entrusted with the seals and the envoys. by whioh that Emperor waa conduct of a war whioh threa.tens the to retain all he held in HUDg&ry, and Ottoman Empire with destruction; make wh.t terms he pl...... a with Belgx:&de ta.ken, and a great part of Za.poly, 208 i under the appearance B06Illa Overrun by the lmperiaJists of a oommeroial treaty. a political 869; the affairs of the Empire oon~ league is oonoluded between Francis duoted by an incapable Vizier, Mua­ I. and the Sultan for the oonquest of tapha. of Rodoato. the Turksexperienoe Naples; 801yman assembles • large nothi.n« but defea.ts; the Divan force in Alba.ni& for a deeoent upon resolved to confide the salvation of ltoly. but Franois not making his.p­ the Empire to KupruJi Mustaph.. pearanoe there, the Sultan does not 870; his enargetio yet enlightened follow up the invasioD, SI8 i the war m ...... 871·8 ; his hllllWlity pre.. 408 HISTORICAL INDEX.

serves the Morea to the Empire. 874 ; 'l'okeII, CowJt Emmerich, "" ODJ! to his '""""""'" in Greece ho adcla compromieing eDemy of lb. B01lIJ4II other victeriea. but provea 1_ of Austria, plaooo himooU .t the ~ 8UOOe88ful a,ga.inst the Venetians in of the maloontent Hunganan leaden Dalmatia.; death of Solyman IL, 876. diBoolltentod with tho Emperor Spahl, tho word originaUy denoted pold'. fanatical peroeoutiOIl of Pr" the lowest claea of Timariot, 166. _nmm, OIlton Upper HW1J!At11 8sa1la or 8ofI.a. An important revo­ defeats the Imperial forces, oapturet lution, at once political and religious, BeVer.1 town.. oooo.pie. the .whol. is accomplished in the East, which diBtriot of tho C&rp&thi ... MOIlIlto.ina; reawakens the aleeping quarrel of the aDd oompelll the Auatri&D fi(8D8f1lle Shiites and Sunnites. and raiaea upon Wurmb ""d LoaIio to acoopttlie truoe tho ruino of tho Tartar .... d Turkoman h. offered; in epito of the Liberol Empires the DeW Persian Empire of off... mads him by tho Emperor, W the ihGp" 169. OIlton into • treaty with tho Portot Slabzenberg, Count Budiger cia, and in conjunction with the Turka made oommandant of Vielma. makes effect. eeveral 00Dq1l8llte ; tbe gover", .. hold and .otivo defeuoo ~ the Ilor of Bnda hae ord.... to aid Tekslll Turks, until the garrison, __ who ...... the titl. of King. ~ by fighting, Biclmess, and inc_p'ot AIlOtria; adviBee Ran M.~ba not labour, iB suoooured by tho Christi&n to beeiog. Vienna, 861-2;· by th. army UDder John Sobieski. 8M; re.­ Voivade of WaUaohiaenton TrlUl8Yl; ceives tho King of Poland in tho vania and dootroyo a oorpo of thol magni1IOOllt tent of the Grand Vime< German army, and iu reoom,P8U_:j and greets him as .. deliverer, 866. D&meci Prince of Tr&DBylvama, 876. S1ep1um, Prinoe of Servia, obt&iDs 'l'osrul Beg, gtaIldaon of Solj from Romotho tiUe of KWig, "* whioh Emir of Turkeot4n,def... ", tho Kh&life Emorio, King of Hungary. t.akoe Jbaoud at Zendec&D, which ded.h'. OffOllOO, and drives him 0Ilt of Senia, aotion abatten into fraj!monte ~ 67. ooloeeal Empire of tho G~ Slephell 0Ilr0e0h In., _blishoe and oomiDOllOOO tho proeperity of thoj tho dynaoty of Nomania, whioh t.akoe froeh 1_ tmder him, 67. tho other tribes and cIomiDato aU ib Slephell DouscbaD, hie gIoriolle E .. ; enten Khorue&n and over reign ; vory """"Iy replacing tho Greek -"'---_.-'1th..".. the chief 01 tho Booi' . by. Sorb Empire, rondariDg .bonivo oommander of tho KIuilif.'.- army tile Ottoman power; the eDent; of that victory op8DI to Togrul tho ... hie dominiollO; iB crc>WIUld "* Uakionp ... BOj!dad. ..hioh he_~ .. Emperor of tho Ro...... and of the and compobo tho Abbeeeido TriboJli"; __ ~Ie, oonfer IlpOll him tho tiUe of""=;f and foroos tho Emperor ADdrOlllClUl and _ from him tho gnardiallalrip ... sue for _; diee during .-.1 of &he Bou}idee to impoae hia OWD ;), expeditiOll thither, 68. .-ivoe tho title of Emir aI am-' S1ephell IV. of Moldavia, by hie and reigns from Bokha.ra to 8yria_~ vict.oriee and taleDta, embellish- ill.. from the viciDity of tho Woo to _ oountry wid! ita nobl_ p&ge8, 142; Bboek Sea, in tho name of tho defeaiB BUOIOeI&vely iIle Bungari.ao-. _ ..hom he bad reimltMod ~ Poleo and Tart&n; - ... ,.y "* hie daath boq_ tho_. IIlabomel IL triooto, and pute...... y E - he bad __ to hie; of 100,000 Turks ... thorough rout ...... Alp Anlao, 83. , BaoovitA, hie prioon... ='l'orgbud (oaUed by E1lfO(>OOD'l' OOt ...... to be empaled, 143; _uUealiks H ..... Dragu$), tho eo-ir, --.me ,W' yado ...d Soauderbeg tho ...... of __ 01 tho 0- -V1. and nmden bimeoIf ... formidable ... tho ::u:r; ~ ?';:::·Zetylu.~ = Cbriatiane ... hie precI r Ba<4 Chris&" i reVeatiDg before .. formjd.. ~ 224; hieS- joimothat of the· m>door Paub tho Iao& time able ...... y led ~.~"'-""* IL, he 1'_IlIltii the __ ....-y that tho, draws u into ...... Robami, and iboroagbly defeata u wiib a Jo. 1'_ ODd Turu ...... _ lIgb&iDg of 30,(100 ...... 144. in TroU7tho ...... __ ranb, iIlabom"*225. D...... ,) HISTORICAL INDEX. 40~

Venice, 145; the :first between the Bulga.ria, deatroYlDg and ma.ssa.cring Porte a.nd Austria, 208; with Francis all along his route, a.nd carrying a.wa.y I., 207; between 801yma.n I., Cha.rles 25,000 Oa.ptiV8S; other ambassadors V., and Ferdina.nd of Austria, 221; being sent to him, on their refusal to of Carlo'Witz, 878. take off their turbans, he Oa.US8S them Touman Bey, SultElol1 of the Ma.me~ to be owed to their hea.ds i exas­ lukes, subdued and put to dea.th at perated at this, Mahomet pursues him Ca.iro by comtlllWd of Selim L. 176. with a. large fleet Bond army; devo.s­ Turban, the distinctive sign of tating all before him, Wlad Burprises peoples and castes, 57. . the Ottoman camp, very nearly taking Turkish guards, growth of their or slayin,g the Sultan, 135 ; the la.tter, power and swa.y ; their rivaJry with on reaching the plain of Prmlatu, near the Syrians, SO. Bucharest, sta.nds horror-stricken at the sight of 20,000 Turks and Bul· garians empa.led; a.t length, a.fter Voulkan, raises Serna. and Bosnia, desolating the country dur~ severa.! 67. months, the ferocious Wla.d flees into Hunga.ry, where Mattbia.s Corvinus flings him into prison, and the Sultan. Wlad or Bladus, called by his Bub­ establishes his brother Ra.dul in his jects 7'ke D~;l (Drakul). by the Hun­ stead; Wallaohia is definitively re­ garians the E:ucutioner. and by the united to the Ottoman Empire j Turks eM Bmpakro; overthrows and Wla.d rea.ppears, terrifies the country puts to death Da.n, his kinsma.n, by his cruelties, and comes to his end Hospodar of Wa,llaohia ; defeats the by assasB.ination, IS6. 'l'urkisb troops sent aga.inst him, and . preserves his throne on condition of paying tribute, and supplying forces Zapoly, John, vOlvode of Tra.nsyl­ to the Sultan, 110; joins a band of va.nia, his pretensions to the throne of Germa.n &nd Ita.lia.n adv,enturers Hungary; is opposed by Ferdinand ot leagued with the Hungarians in a Austria, 192 ; the two rivals encounter crusade to drive the Turks into Asia, a.t Tokay, where Zo.poly is conquered ; who are defea.ted by Amurath II. at (Jains over the Vizier Ibrahim to his Varna, 119; Wla.d's atrooities and mterests, and Solyma.ntkO,'MAenters number ot his viotims i Mahomet U. into a. treaty of aJ.liance with him, makes preparo.tions to attack him, t6 193. bring Wallaohia. under Ottoman dome Zimisoes, John, Emperor of Byzan­ ination i signs treaties almost simul. tium, subdues the l:Sulgaria.n.s and taneously with the Sultan and the converts them to Christianity, 69. King of Hungo.ry, binding himself with Zinghis Kha.n, unites all the Mongo­ the latter to attack the 'l.'urks i Maho· lilm hordes under his authority a.nd met. with the view to "gat rid of his resolves to lead them to the conquest enemy by ounning, sends HamsaPa.cha. of the world j having subdued Tartary to draw him into a conference; the north of China And India., direots divining their objeot. Wla.d. empales his mo.rch towards the west and over­ the envoy with &1l his suite, enters throws the Karismian Empire, 8S.

WOOD"'.. L &: RUDIUl, PriDt~J'lI. Milford Lloe, Strand, London, W.C. 1'0.L. 1. " r W M. H. ALLEN & Co.'s LIST OF NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS.

HISTORY OF THE INDIAN MUTINY, 1857-1858,

COUKENCDfG »'BOil: THE CLOSE OF THB SECOND VOLUME OJ' am I. KAYE'S II mSTOBY 011' THE SEPOY WAR." By COLONEL G. B. MALLE SON, C.B.I .. AUTHOR OJ' •• Bl8TOlttC&1. 'JUn'CB OF THE KATIVB STATES 8J' ItfDlA." ..... BUTO&Y OJ' dOHAliliITA.II:," &te. BOOK xm.-Bomba.y in 1857. Lord- Elpbinstone. March of Woodburn's Column. Mr. Seton-Karr and the Southern Ma.ratha. Country. Mr. Forjett a.nd' Bombay. Asirgarh. Sir Henry Durand. Ma.rch of Stua.r1;'s Column. Holka.r and Durand. Malwa. Campa.i~. Ha.idara.ba.d. Ma.jor C. Davidson a.nd Sa.la.r Jang. 8aga.r and Na.rbadi "?erritory. BOOK XIV.-Sir Robert Hamilton e.nd Sir Hugh Rose. CentraJ India Ca.m­ pa.ign. Whitlock and Kirwi. Sir Hugh Rose and GwaJ.i&r. La Grand J a.cob and Western India.. BOOK XV.-Lord Ca.nning's Oudh polioy. Last Ca.mpaign in, and lla.cification of, Oudb. Sir Robert Napier, Smith, Mitchell, a.nd Tantia. Topl. DooK XVI.-Civil Districts during the Mutiny. Minor Actions at Out. stations. BooB. XVII.-Conolusion. TIIIBD AND COKCLUDDfO VOLti'D, 8vo., WITS FotrB MAPs, 20,. VOLS. I. & n., 20,. lUCS. OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. "There 8J'O many page., nay. whole chapten in this ndmimble and deeply-interestIng DlUT8tiVO, whiob are equal to anything in Napfor'. famoua' Hiatory of tho Pen.iDaUlar War.' "_ t:iluiJt • .. A briUhmt narrative in which a great num.ber ot threo.da of history are taken up Bnd com­ b!ned willi ainltlllar Ikill. We havo novor read a work in wbich tbia merit Is moro eonBpicuouely dhlplayoo. ; and a bisWry which, iD unaklliul handa, might hav. become confuaed to the last. dUBl"CO, la made remarkably clear and intelligent. "-8ptdator. ''It le diffioult, in llpeakiDg of B UvWg writor, to give cXpT88IIton to the unqualifled pm.tse which we bold Colonel Mulleaon's work te merit. It 1..1 not 0088 TOlIlorknble for ita litoMiry blJlluty Qud im loftinOl58 of diction than it 1..1 for tho re&eIlI"Ch lUld careful inquiry wbich B%\I perceptiblo (JU evory page. Poatcrlty will recogniso in tlua book a groat and truo expo.ritlon of one of tho cruce throUgh wbich bie countrymon have fought thoJr way, by characterUiticll truly BriUah tu wider empire and to grcatar famo.."-.8J:amiMf". ' ANALYTICAL INDEX to Sir John Kaye'. "History of the Sepoy War" and Colonel G. B. Malle80D's " HIStory of the Indian Mutiny." (Combined in one Volume.) By FREDERIC P!NCOTT, F.R.A.S. Demy 8vo. KANDAHAR IN 1879; being the Diary of Major A. La Messurier, R.E., Brigade Major R.E., with the Quetta CoIUDlD. Crown 8vo., & . .. Thill numUve has tho I"8J'O merit of elmplieity and freabne&IJ. .• , II; ill not WIl1lting in deeGriptiona of tho climate, habits and tompor 01 the peoplet and in matcriale for the &drown.­ trntor and diplomnlillC ••• tho Diary la lilt orodlt to tho IIOJdier. IlPOlt8tn4u, and eDiPnoor."­ &ll"rda,. Rmt'lC'• .. GlvOll a dceeriptioD of KRDdAhIlr, Ita fortifications, AIld the disDoMtion of the troops: tho reader will also lind" good. deal. about t'11Dtol:mont &lJlWICWCnU, trnO.OIII and manufucture.o ... port IU'Id gnmc. It is n1to~tber .. pleasantly W1'1tteu Diary, having refenmco to importaut matton." - .droll RHd 11«"1 tJf.:at~. • 2 A PLEASURE TRIP TO'INDIA DURING THE VISI" OF H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES, AND AFTERWARDS TO • CEYLON. By Mrs. COBBBT. mustrated with Photograph., 7•• 6<1. COLONEL GRODEKDFF'S RIDE FROM SAMARCAND TO HERAT, THROUGH BALKH AND THE UZBEK STATES OF AFGHAN TURKESTAN; with his own Ma.rch-Route from the OXUB to Bera,t. By CilA.BU8 :M.umN, Author of .. The Disastrous RU8IJia.n Ca.mpaign against the AkhaJ Tekke TureomanB," &0. CroWD 8vo., with Portrait, 8,. u Mr. Ma.1"Vln'jJ tnmBlation fa faaned v~ OJJI)Qrtnnoly, when poblte fntemlt III turned In th" dlroetton of Candahar and Herat. • he supplementa hla exooUcnt tnUl81attOQ. of tbJa lntcm.t.­ tng narrative by some ob&enat1onJJ which throw light on wbat t. obecuro, and by othen "htoh .. contellt some 01 the eonclusioDii of the RWISian officer."-Qlobl. ... Colonel Grodekafr'. Ride to Herat' oulJht to eujoy a popularity 8ClU'CI!IIy interim' to thl!.' 01 the celebrated· Ride 1.0 Shift.' To Hr. Harvin bclonga the crodit alluring "laced tbla work at the service of the Eogliah reader, and the IDIIDDeJ' in which he baa performed hU &air. lea.,. DothiDg to be de81red."'-Tlu Pen. INDIAN INDUSTRIES. By A. f). F, ELlO'l' JAMES, Author of "A. Guide to Indian Household lIanagement," &0. Crown Svo., 9•• CoNTENTS: Indian Agriculture-Beer-Cacao-C&rpeta-Cereals-Chemica1e­ Cinchon...... COffee-Cotton-Drugs-Dyein~ and Colouring Ma.teriaJB­ Fibrous Substa.nces-Forestry-Hides-Skina and Horns-GumlJ And Resins - Irrigation - Ivory - Miuing-Oit.-Opium-Paper-Pottery­ Ryoto - Seeds - Silk - Spice&--8agar-Tea - Tobacco-Wood-W 001- Table of Exports-Index. "The main pqrpoee of thb wIume'll to IIIMw how TUt are the natural n-mroer. of Intlf4, and bow mueh of the mineral, animal, and vegetable wealth of the: country t. "tID untlenlo,wL The whole wurk gh'C!I evidence of pa1netAkitJIC, and tn .ome inltance. the wrltur'. pu1"IQD&I knowledge of India comea in with ClCIDAiderabJe etl'ect. "-Be, J«i¥V.h fJfUdtt. .. Tbi8 fa lID excellent book,. which meet. a preeent want; we Cl'JDl'l"&tul.te the Rltbtrr 011 ha'ring produced a handbook lor ready reference, and. one that wUl con ..q much WMlful praaieal information on tho I'1!4IQtU'Ce(I and pl'oducta or 1Ddla.H -J01I.TII4l 0/ Applud &~ DESTRUCTION OF LIFE BY SNAKES, HYDROPHOBIA, &c., IN WESTERN INDI~ By an ES-Cox>naolOl