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JUNE 1925 9 - Number - -

: ooooo - -o - - The of Two of the Cities" Paris -“Tale - - - - - . Certain Books on the Negro

MARY warre ovingtoN- - - - The fruisingian Entente: Abbé

- Félix Klein Selected French Book * Book Reviews - Me (* Magazines' leas, - Current -S- \

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Descriptive leaflet* of EX LIBR1S advertisers may be obtained at Its Information Bureau, rez-dc-chau&se'c, 10 rut de I'Elystt. EX LIBRIS

The Paris of the "Tale of two Cities"

"Tale of Two Cities" shows on every which during Dickens' young manhood had A page the careful study which Dickens upset the traditional English attitude toward made of the topography of the French that event. That this should have influenced Revolution. We know that he lived in the rue de Dickens seems inevitable. That it did so, the Courcelles while the book was in preparation evidence of the book itself seems conclusive. but one must actually follow him in his Parisian It appears in the style in several parts of the rambles to appreciate the labor expended on story —most notably in the account of the attak what is perhaps the clearest and most enlight on the Bastille. Here both the incident selected ening sketch of the French Revolution now and the style itself suggest the same thing. in print. With the impatience of the trained Choclat, the wine-dealer, serving his cannon reporter for non-essentials, he has stripped against the eight strong towers, the murder of that great convulsion down to first principles ; De Launay at the Hotel de Ville, the seven and, touching the story with his magic wand, released prisoners borne aloft, the seven heads has put before us a moving drama, where the on pikes wth their drooping eyelids, the fury historian can give little more than a series of of the women, are not more convincing than the tableaux, more or less like. Hence he avoids author's sudden change of style which in its the error of filling his story with the names of curt and pregnant phrases is Carlyle, purged actors which signify nothing to the average of his frequent pedantry and obscurity. reader, and merely obstruct the narrative ; he Appropriately, Dickens begins his revolu gives no space to the play of political self-interest, tionary narrative in a wineshop. It is not an the passion of parties, or the venality of indivi accident that the wineshops of Paris were so duals. He shows the revolution as it really intimately related to the revolutions of 1789, was—the bloody overthrow of a cruel oligarchy, 1830 and 1848. For revolutions are rooted in drunk with power, by a people crazed by oppres human misery, for which wine is the readiest sion and tyranny. No writer has more clearly anaesthetic. Hence the saloon becomes a sort shown the critical point of the French Revoluton, of primary in seasons of popular discontent. which was the time when a majority of the Somewhere east of the rue Mablu and north of nation, including every rank and class, drive' the Seine, there echoed, a century and a half to bay, looked with desperate hatred instead ago the footsteps of the Defarges and their of cringing fear into the faces of their oppres companions. Through some of the low archways sors. This is finely symbolized in the "Two which give upon the sidewalks, we may even Cities" when, over the body of the murdered -ow catch glimpses of the Paris of 1775, little child, Madame Defarge throws back the gold, villages hidden in the heart of spaces invisible and stares down the enemy of her people with from the modern streets ; their ancient houses fearless eyes. eaten by time, soiled with the grime of centuries, It is a favorite comment of Dickens critics buildings that were old when Ernest Defarge that the "Tale of Two Cities" is "not really was a youth in the employ of the rising Doctor Dickens ". It is commonly believed" Wilkie of Beauvais. The streets are barely wide enough Collins had much to do with the plot. As a for one vehicle, there are no sidewalks, and the matter of fact Collins seems to have contributed shops are still grim and silent witnesses to the Dnly one idea —that of Carton's motive in sacri poverty of the people. On the signs the butcher ficing himself. For this Dickens gave Collins still paints up only the leanest scrap of meat, credit. Far more influence seems to have been the baker, the coarsest loaves of bread ; hunger w -cised by Carlyle's "French Revolution", still exudes from "every dead dog preparation

259 offered for sale". Jacques Two may well imagination to see the black-haired, black-eyed have said to Defarge so long ago, "It is not often Frenchwoman pinning the warning rose in that these miserable beasts know the taste of her hair ; or four sullen-looking wretches stealing anything but black bread and death". softly up the worn steps of the stonest airway Here is a little wine shop in a 16th or 17th to peep at,—what? An old -young, broken man century dwelling which might be Defarge's making shoes. very own. It is small, dark and dismal. A Not far from here, on the rue de Sevigne (then stern looking young woman cashier and waiter the rue Culture de St-Catherine) are the remains combined sits waiting for trade. One or two of the old prison of La Force. Through a low

JOURNEE DU XIII VENDEMIAIRE, L'AN IV. From an old Print.

wretched-looking customers^slowly sip their archway at No. 1 1 , marked by a sign of the wine at one of the rude tables. Over the door "Baths of St. Catherine" one enters upon what " a painted sign, Le Bon Coin"—a piece of was once the courtyard of La Force. The unconscious irony. The sign also says "Vin back wall is all that remains of the "old "prison. blanc 10c Vin rouge 15c". We wonder how On it is this inscription : "Ce mur est le seul anyone can make a living by serving wine at qui existe encore de l'ancienne prison de la such prices per glass "tout compris". One Force. C'est sur l'emplacement de ce jardin does not have to make believe very much to ci-devant que furent massacres sous la Revo see the eager competition for the contents of lution 31 prisonniers." the broken cask, or to visualize Gaspard, writing This is where in Dickens' story Dr. Manette " Blood" on the wall with the wine lees. saved his son-in-law from the mob in the prison In such places echoed the footsteps of the massacres of Sept 2-5, 1792. Actually it was Jacquerie, secretly at first, while the lightning the scene of the murder of Mme. Lamballe. was being stored up against the day of wrath ; the queen's friend, whose mutilated and dis loudly and madly when the storm had broken membered remains were carried as trophies and its crashings caused every throne in Europe round the streets. At this time Louis and to totter. Standing here, it takes only a little his queen had been less than three weeks at

260 the Temple. It was proposed to carry Mme. left to the reader's own dramatic instinct, unham Lamballe's head thither, and force the queen pered by the theatricalism of which Dickens to look at it. Less horrible counsels, however, was sometimes justly accused. It was at the finally prevailed. It is characteristic of Dickens' steps of St. Roch that a furious woman spat treatment of the whole subject that he ignores at Marie Antoinette as she passed to her death. the politicians who incited the massacres, and The Conciergerie is only incidentally a part confines his narrative to the blind ferocity of of the "Two Cities". All the grist for the the mob, the initial responsibility for which guillotine passed through this mill. One is he does not hesitate to place. In other words, shown the grating where the prisoners awaited he sticks to the main stream of cause and effect, the tumbrils, and where the little seamstress and refuses to be deflected by eddies and whirl must have detected Carton. But there was a pools —political or personal. man behind that grating on July 28, 1794, fetfHalf a mile further west the Hotel de Ville whom we must believe to have inspired the chief recalls the fearful scene of the murder of De detail in Carton's sacrifice. On the preceding Launay, Governor of the Bastille on the night day the aged Lieut. Gen. Loiserolles (who of July 14, 1789, when Mme. Defarge decapi with his son was confined in the prison of St. tated the old warrior with her own hands ; and Lazare) was pressent at the reading of the "Eve of the murder of Toulon at the same place ning Paper", and heard his son's name read out. only a few days later. Both these descriptions The latter was asleep in his cell. The old are strictly historical in their main features. General answered to the name and stepped into Dickens here identifies two actual characters his son's place. The error was not discovered almost the only cases of the sort in his whole by the Revolutionary Tribunal, and the old story. It is interesting to remember that here General passed to the guillotine with the very two illustrious men struggled vainly for hours last victims of the Terror. That day Robespierre to save the life of the shrieking Toulon, before was outlawed and executed, and Paris awoke Defarge "sprung over the railing and folded from her bloody delirium. the miserable wretch in a deadly embrace". Here also is the hall where the "Twenty-two Those two were Lafayette and Bailly. friends of high pubic work, twenty-one living Here too was the Place de Greve where the and one dead", held a last banquet before passing horrid torture of Damiens occurred in 1757, to their doom. To this "Hall of the Girondins" as described (and very lightly described) by they passed after being sentenced, singing the Dickens in Chapter XV. It requires strong Marseillaise all but Valese who had stabbed nerves to read the full story of that execution, himself at hearing the sentence. And here at which a throng of "ladies of quality" com they remained in conversation and discussion placently looked on until nightfall, when the until the tumbrils were ready. In spite of the victim "had lost two arms and a leg, and still fine spirit which impelled this defiance on the breathed." very threshold of eternity, one cannot but The church of St. Roch on the rue St. Honore suspect a good deal of pose in the last banquet was a favorite stand for the populace, from which of the Girondins. to view the daily passage of the tumbrils from Across the river on the Boulevard St. Germain the Conciergerie to the guillotine, when execu and near the Musee de Cluny is a statue of Danton tions took place at the Place de la Revolution erected in 1889. The artist has well expressed (now Concorde). The route was over the Pont the furious soul of his subject in that piece of au Change, west on the Quai de la Megisserie, sculpture. Just around the corner is the "Street north on the rue de la Monnaie, west on the rue of the School of Medicine" whence Dr. Manette St. Honore, and south on the rue Royale to the was carried to his doom in 1757, as related in scaffold. On the steps of St. Roch stood the "the Substance of the Shadow". In this street spy (Barsad) when Carton passed in the tumbril (at number 44) Marat lived, and here was the holding the hand of the little seamstress. scene of the self-immolation of Charlotte Corday. "The face of Evremonde is for a moment But the exact site cannot now be determined. turned toward him. Evremonde then sees the These are places which should interest any spy, looks attentively at him and goes his way." admirer of Dickens' most vivid historical work. One of Dickens' finest pieces of work, that — But, if one wishes to study the subject, the a supreme moment described in a sentence, and place to obtain inspiration is at the Carnavalet

261 Museum, on the rue de Sevigne just north of will whisk off your head and you will never know the site of La Force prison. Furniture, clothing it." Take off your hat to the old Doctor who and Lettres de Cachet, souvenirs of the old Bas made capital punishment physically painless, tille, contemporary prints of events familiar one hundred years before hanging began to be to us all from childhood, original posters and impugned as cruel. If you still hesitate read placards, instruments of torture, portraits of on account of the torture and execution of the leaders of the revolution —this place cannot Damiens in 1757, and then of Charlotte Corday's be overlooked by anyone interested in the period. execution in 1793. Not only will you have ,"On ne connoit ici que la denomination de to grant Dr. Guillotin something, but you nust citoyen". The benevolent countenance of old admit that for fiendishness the most furious Dr. Guillotin gazes at us from just above the revolutionist could not at all compete with the model of his machine —of which he said "It Ancien Regime.

JOURNEE DU 16 OCTOBRE 1793. From an old Print.

Floyd Dell's "This Mad Ideal" (Knopf) is The most interesting chapters to a French reader described by Edwin Bjorkman as the best novel in Professor E. C. Branson s "Farm Life Abroad" which he has written. (The University of North Carolina Press) are those entitled "The Farm Women of France", "Feeding In a review of Robert Nathan's story- of the Gay Paree", and "Seeing Farm Life in France". prophet Johah, (McBride), Ernest Boyd says In the first of these he says, "Like the German "He has given us another work which has as peasant woman the French farm woman is a wife unmistakably the quality of fine literature as and a mother, a house wife and cattle-keeper, a 'Autumn', with the added element of delicious field worker, draft animal and beast of burden. satire." And in every farm region of France they work as I never saw women work even in central and Dr. Frank Landon Humphreys of the Cathedral South Germany." of St. John the Divine, New York, recently awarded Les Palmes Acadimiques, is the author of a book United States Census statistics of book publishing, entitled "What We Owe to France", published according to a summary in the Publishers' Weekly at the beginning of the War and translated into for May 16, show that 359.391.018 books and pam French by Professor Rougeyron of the College phlets were published in 1923, of these 8.4 per de Domfront. cent was fiction and 13.8 per cent juvenile.

262 Certain Books on the Negro Mary White Ovington

American Library in Paris has received Along the line of what, for the want of a THEa number of books, almost all of them better word, we call sociology, the Library has of recent publication, relating to the a number of studies. The National Association American negro. These books deserve special for the Advancement of Colored People, to mention both for their intrinsic value and which the Library is indebted for this collection, because their subject is one regarding which has sent some, though not all, of its reports. there is an awakened, world-wide interest. These reports concern important legal decisions, There was an extensive literature relating notably those regarding segregation, and trial to the Negro in slavery days, some of it author by jury under the domination of the mob spirit. itative, as Olmsted's "Travels in the Slave The volume, "Thirty Years of lynching", States", much of it purely argumentative. After is also compiled by this society ; this is an inva slavery was overthrown there came the chil luable document, careful and authoritative. dren's stories of Uncle Remus told by Joel It contains a list of every recorded lynching Chandler Harris, and the pleasant love tales of that took place in the United States between 1887 gracious ladies and faithful black servants depic and 1918, with one hundred cases told in some ted by the late Thomas Nelson Page. Recon detail. It has been widely quoted throughout struction days brought lurid colors to the pictures, the world. and Thomas Dixon taught, or tried to teach, A race riot occured in Chicago a few years America to regard the black man as a dangerous ago, of which a careful, judicious report was brute. Only recently, since the progress of made, as well as the causes that led up to it. the Negro has been generally accepted, have This report is in the Library. It is an excellent we had any amount of authoritative writing. study of conditions in a northern city. For the'day;has passed when a reputable pub Another gift is the Negro Year Book, published lisher will print volumes purporting to show at Tuskegee. It is what its name implies, a that the Negro is capable of manual tasks only. record of the happenings within the current year. We are dropping propaganda and settling down It covers not only the United States but the to an impartial portrayal of facts regarding the West Indies and Africa. It is full of important life, material and spiritual, of the colored man material rather loosely thrown together. of America. Two men within the last four years have Among the volumes in the American Library brought out studies of the Negro press in America. are two histories, Brawley's "Social History It is surprising, astonishing, to the white student of the American Negro" and Weatherford's to find what an unconscionable number of "Negro from Africa to America". These are papers the colored people have. Wherever both scholarly pieces of work, with many facts there is a group of Negroes able to buy enough in common, but each with a different slant, newspapers to pay for the paper and ink with as Brawley is a negro and Weatherford a southern which they are printed, there you find a publisher white man. There are excellent chapters in and editor ready ro bring out the weekly "World" Brawley's book on Liberia and on the relations or "Journal" or "Gazette". In these sometimes between the American Indians and the Negroes. pathetically poor^ sheets, sometimes dignified Mr .Weatherford is an enlightened southerner and well set up, you learn how the black man fully recognizing the injustice that has been feels. You get his reaction to the burning of a accorded the black man in the past, and even black child at the stake, to the insult to the going so far to-day as to recommend his parti distinguished black visitor in a New York hotel. cipation in state elections in the south —in the "The Voice of the Negro", .Robert R. Kerlin north he is not disfranchised, if stringent pro calls his volume, a collection of newspaper perty and educational qualifications are insisted opinions very well put together. Detweiler names on. Mr. Brawley also has a volume on "The his rather more scholarly, but less interesting, Negro in Literature and Art". treatise, "The Negro Press in the United States."

263 Among the more popular writings of the invitation that he raises the curtain to essay type, Moorfield Storey, a lawyer of national the "Gift of Black Folk". reputation, contributes his "Problems of To And this leads us to the volumes containing day", Stephen Graam, "The soul of John the more imaginative work, the contributions Brown", a delightful tramp through colored especially of the negroes themselves. Of fiction America, and Herbert J. Seligmann, "The there is little : "The Fire in the Flint", Walter Negro Faces America". This last volume is a F. White's new novel, depicting a white town good example of how the book with a slant of the south, an exciting story that has created in favor of the Negro, can nevertheless be a considerable stir this year, and two books scrupulously careful as to fact. In the past, by white people, Clement T. Woods "Nigger", too much of Amercan Negro literature was a dreary tale of struggle and disappointment, merely a recital of the individual's opinion on written by a southern white, and my own story racial matters, sometimes favorable, sometimes "The Shadow". But in poetry there is a chance unfavorable. Today it is first of all a revelation to gauge the Negro's gifts. Claude McKay's of existing conditions. lovely volume, "Harlem Shadows", is in the No library on the negro would ever dare collection ; Max Eastman, in his introduction, show its face, or rather its back, to the public speaks of the "simple-heartedness which is without containing Booker T. Washington's caried so high in these poems of Claude McKay. "Up from Slavery". This story takes its place It is carried so high, and made so boldly beautiful, in international fame with "Uncle Tom's Cabin". that we cannot withhold a tribute to his will It finds a place in the Paris collection, and by as well as to his music and imagination." This its side is the story of the life of Washington's West Indian gives us splendid pictures of New successor, Robert R. Moton, a much less dra York, and lovely visions of his own warm, matic biography, but one of genuine interest. heavy-scented land. "Bursting Bonds", William Picken's story of But this is not all the poetry. There are two his life, is a recent addition. It shows a little anthologies, one compiled by Kerlin, and illus black boy suffering hardship, working his way trated, a popular book that is received with much through high school, at last entering Yale favor in colored schools. The second com University where he wins the Phi Beta Kappa piled by James Weldon Johnson, himself a poet key. A story full of humor, delightfully as well as a very able worker for the public told. good. The preface to this "Book of Negro If "Up from Slavery" must be in every Negro Verse" is rich in allusion to the part the Negro collection, such a gathering together of books has played in devoloping the dance, the music should include all the works of W. E. Burghardt and the song of the United States. The poems Du Bois. Unfortunately this is not yet true that follow show the dawn of a serious, finely of the Paris Library, but "Dark Water" is present, conceived Negro poetry. It is the edge of a collection of essays on the race question, the dawn, the sun is scarce full yet, but one is lucid, forceful, beautiful. And also a new sure that more is to come. book, "The Gift of Black Folk". Here one To supplement these achievements of the will find ample evidence of the high position present are the studies by Natalie Curtis and of the black man in the arts, and the untiring Henry E. Krehbeil of Afro-American Tales and work of the black toiler who did so much to Folk Songs. make America a habitable place. "We who These books which we have named, and know", Du Bois says, "may not forget, but which form the nucleus for a larger library must forever spread the splendid, sordid truth of literature upon the American Negro, are all that out of the most lowly, the most persecuted of them interesting whether the reader is or of {men, Man made America. And that what is not familar with the color problem. They Man has here^begun with all its want and imper are recent contributions to a subject that will — fection, with all its magnificent promise and be discussed doubtless until races disappear, grotesque failure, will^some day blossom in the the subject of the position of an alien race in souls Jof the^Lowly". It is with such word of the land of its adoption.

264 The Franco-American Entente : Abbe Felix Klein

Layes, Bishop of Metz, to "Le Fait Religeux et la Maniere de l'observer", and to "Mon filleul au Jardin d'Enfants", the chief study on the subject of schools and kindergarten education to be published in France. The most successful of all his books, "Madeleine Semer, Convertie et Mystique", was awarded a prize by the French Academy last year. His books dealing with America and American affairs are especially interesting. He has studied with whole-hearted interest the friendly relations betwen France and America, with a view to furthering them, and particularly in so far as these relations touch upon religious matters. As a theologian he is known for his tolerance and broad-minded views, as is clearly shown by the thesis of Edouard Benignus, presented in 1905 to the Faculty of Protestant Theology of Montauban. In an able little brochure, "L'Ame- rique et le Cartel des Gauches", published inl 924, he has set down the chief danger points in Franco- American relations, and the extreme necessity of a cordial understanding between the two countries on all points. Of his three trips to America he has published his impressions in books, all of which have been awarded prizes by the French Academy. Of these books, — "Au Pays de la Vie intense", "L'Amerique ABBE FELIX KLEIN de Demain" and "En Amerique a la Fin de la Guerre", — the first two have been published in BBE Felix Klein was born in 1862, and was educ English by McClurg & Co., Chicago. Americans ated both at St. Sulpice and the Catholic and America hold the first place, too, in "La Institute of Paris. In 1885 he entered the priest Guerre vue d'une Ambulance", and "Les hood, in 1890 became professor of philosophy Douleurs qui esperent", pathetic recollections at the Diocesan College of Meaux, and in 1893 of the American Ambulance in Neuilly, both professor of French literature in the Catholic translated into English and published by Mel Institute of Paris. In 1904 and 1907 he toured rose, London. A lighter side of American the United States and Canada, lecturing at the character is touched upon in the account of University of Chicago, Chautauqua, the Lowell fictitious travels in France, entitled "La Decouverte Institute, Boston, and other centres. During du Vieux Monde par un Etudiant de Chicago", the War he was Chaplain of the American Ambu translated as "An American Student in France". lance at Neuilly, and remained at this post The works of Abbe Klein include trans until the Armistice, save for three months in 191 8, lations of Archbishop Ireland's "The Church when he was sent to the United States by the and Modern Society", and Bishop Spalding's French Government, in company with Mgr. "Opportunity". In addition he has contri Julien, Bishop of Arras, Mgr. Baudrillart, buted extensively to leading reviews both in Rector of the Catholic Institute of Paris, and American and France. Father Patrick Flynn. It may be said that he has devoted the greater The writings of Abbe Klein number nearly part of his life to the furthering of understanding thirty volumes, seven of which have been award between France and America, and that perhaps ed prizes by the French Academy. Among as much as any Frenchman living he has them attention may be called to the biographies succeeded in developing such sympathy and of Cardinal Lavigerie, and of Mgr. Dupont de understanding between these two countries.

265 A Bibliographical Note on Abraham Lincoln

HE Editors are indebted to Mr. René Leclerc of the Lycée de Beauvais for the following note upon Frenth contributions to the Literature of Abraham Lincoln.

subject On the of Abraham Lincoln there but Richepin's, though rather superficial, was is a considerable literature, though as yet no the most brilliant. study by any authoritative French scholar of The following is a list of books relating to note. Lincoln which have been published in France

arranged, as far as possible in the chronological ~~~~--~~~~ ~~~ - order of their publication. A Facsimile of : the title page of the first of these, and, perhaps, | A BHA HAM also the first French book relating to £ is published herewith. The author was one

of the editors of “Monde Illnstré" and editor

of “L'Opinion Nationale". *...*N.Atr-e-ANoI... "A wrie, &A *is,it is | ARNAUD, Lincoln, LINGOLN ACHILLLE. Abraham Sa Nais.

sance, Sa Vie, Sa Mort, avec un récit de l: I AMERIQUE RECIT DE LA GIFRRF guerre d'Amérique. Paris. Charlieu. 1865. •*t

F. Lincoln, Sa Vie, Son CEuvre. 1865. * ******.*.*.*, * *** * * ** BUNGENER, *** * *** * *-*.

LESPERRET, A. Abraham Lincoln. 1865.

PASCAL, CESAR Abraham Lincoln, Sa Vie, Son Caractère, Son Administration. 1865

ScIAU-LAviCNE, J. Mort d'Abraham Lincoln,

Président 2 fois éludes États-Unis. (Ver.)

FARGES, H. Abraham Lincoln, Son Caractère

Intellectuel Moral et Religieux. 1867.

PRAROND, ERNEST, La Mort du President Lincoln. Française) '" de 1867 Académie !’ \ || ||> DUNAND, CHARLEs. LaMort du President Lincoln. (.11MtL'it Fitt.inf– f.r"tit (1.1.1try i.iii., viiii.---111trins Poème. , , ... i - - - - . "

1* *** | Cochin, AUGUSTE. Abraham Lincoln. Paris.

1 *..., - || ||

70 56pp. X Degorce-Cadot, bis rue Bonaparte. :------* Pans JoUAULT, ALPHONSE. Abraham Lincoln. Hachette. 1875. 256 pp.

The three outstanding works on the subject MARAIs, AUGUSTE. Abraham Lincoln: Histoire are Auguste Cochien's brochure published in

d'un homme du peuple. 1880. 1869 (Pergorce and Cadot), Alphonse Joualt's E. : “Abraham Lincoln" published by Hachette MoNoD, Un grand Américain Abraham Lincoln. Lausasne. Briedel. 1910. in 1875, and M. Richepin's lecture on Lincoln

Soul, published in and the American the Journal PITRois, Yvonne. Nobles Vies: Abraham Line: Annales, de l'Université des March 15th 1919. le libérateur des Esclaves. Toulouse. Société Of these Joualt's study was the most thorough, d'éditions. 1911.

266 HEX LIBRIS An Illmlralei Uttita, Pabluhtd Monthly (ixratf Antntt ani Stptembtr) by THE AMERICAN LIBRARY IN PARIS INC. 10. Rue de l'Elysee. Paris

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Officers : Robert E. Olds, PrmJknt; Lawrence Slade, Vict-Praiitnt : J.G. Cole, Trtmmr : W. Dawson Johnston, Stcreitry tnJ Librtrian. ExecutiveCemmittMt the President, the Secretary, Professor J. Mark Baldwin, L. V. Ben6t, F.lmer E. Roberts. Membership: Lift Mtmbtnhip ; 2,000 francs: Annul Mtmbmhip: 100 francs, together with an initial fee of 100 francs.

The primary aim of Ex Libris is to give its readers information in regard to the best American and English books of general interest. The primary aim of the American Library is to make these boohs available to its members throughout Europe.

The report of the American Library for May 1855. It appears that the idea of an American shows gifts of books amounting to 270. Among Library in Paris was thought of seventy years the donors were M. Werlich, Mrs. Shoemaker, ago. and the Misses Betsy and Pricilla Saltenstall. "Even as we write, some one whispers in our The total nimber of subsribers registered was 355. ear a story of a great book-exhibition which that This included the following new members : inveterate patron of literary exchanges and inter Miss Helen Cameron, Miss Florence Speranza, national hyphen, M. Vattemare, is arranging Mr. Edmond Ehrmann, Mr. Edmund Heisch, for the coming world's show in Paris ; and Mr. Sidney Bracher. all in the interest of America. It appears that these seven or eight years he has had at heart The book circulation for the month was 10,249, the establishment of an American or nine per cent more than during the corres library in the city of ; that so, in the ponding month last yeat. Paris centre of Europe and of Old-World learning, the savants, of whatever name, nation, or degree, might have in their eye an expose of the intellectual growth and riches of our great Republic. The First American Library in Paris "The idea was certainly a grand one, and The following interesting contribution to the worthier of happier auguries than have thus Library in Paris has just far attended it. But, at length, one great history of the American — from Mr. Charles L. Seeger. It object the appropriation of a proper and elegant been received — shows how closely the idea of an American hall to the object, in the Hotel de Ville has Library in Paris has been related to that of been gained. An accumulation of books, too, international literary exchange even from the numbering some ten thousand, in every branch beginning. of inquiry, are now in M. Vattemare's hands, waiting installment. "With the American feeling strong in him, Dear Dr. Johnston : M. Vattemare wants to make this show such Here is a rather interesting bit—not of news — an one as Americans may. look on boastfully, for I ran across it in the "Editor's Easy Chair" and such as may retrieve our name and credit of Harper's Magazine, Vol. X, No. LIX, April, in the eyes of those overocean people who have

267 rated us simply as the killers of Mexicans, the Alabama planters do not feed terrapins with growers of great wheat-crops and the blowers-up young negroes, —that 'Capting Mayne Read' — of huge steamboats ! is not the 'daughter of Fenimore Cooper, that is

"For ourselves, when we write a book (if we the 'Reverend Beecher' not Under-Secretary

it, — ever do) we will present through M. Vatte- of State, and that 'Miss Queechy' is positively ! of a mare;' to the city Paris Then, what charm not the sister-in-law of Miss Wetherel, or the in a

on regaling ourselves (if future years we 'Lamplighter' shrewd hit at the "foolish

travel) with the sight of our offspring, calf- virgins' !" bound and gold-lettered, three thousand miles in of I from home, the very eye the great capital think this is delightful. At that time the ! of the European world "Easy Chair" was written by George William

"We may further hope that such a library Curtis, so he was undoubtedly the author of

may set the French literary chiffoniers right the above. It recalls the sensitiveness of that

in many points, in regard to which they are now period to European criticism, which we have certainly laboring under violent prejudices. bravely recovered from. We may hope, without exaggeration, to see them recognize the fact that Daniel Webster Yours sincerely — did not write a Universal Dictionary, that Charles L. Seeger 3 in Miss Amy Lowell her biography of John Keats, the Times says, has made Keats the man,

at least in his earlier years, real to the reader as no biographer has done before. "She has failed

in her treatment of Keats the poet".

In his recently published autobiography Sir

Arthur Conan Doyle says of his two historical

novels "The White Company", written in 1889,

and "Sir Nigel", written fourteen years later, "I

consider the latter the better book, but I have

no hesitation in saying that the two of them taken together did thoroughly achieve my purpose, and

that as a single piece of work they form the most

complete, satisfying and ambitions thing that I have ever done".

The popularity of Mrs. Anna Bowman Dodd's

"In and Out of Three Normandy Inns" has led of of to the publication a new edition the book. It

is printed at the St. Catherine Press, Bruges. When

the book was first published in 1892, as the author says, Normandy was an unknown country to most

Americans. Now it is the home of hundreds, and

is visited by thousands, all of whom will welcome

these interesting reminiscences of travel from Honfleur to Mont Saint Michel,

Mrs. Wharton's "The Mother's Recompense" is (Appleton), described by the New York Times Book Review as her best best novel since "The

House of Mirth".

268 Book Reviews

Those Europeans, by Sisley Huddleston. New The Stabilization of Europe, by Charles de York and London. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Visscher. Chicago. University of Chicago 1924. 297 pages. Press. 1924. 190 pages. Mr. like other Huddleston successful Paris This book comprises a series of lectures delivered is not only newspaper correspondents well acquain at the University of Chicago in the fall of 1924. men ted with the more prominent in Europe, but The lectures deal with the problem of nationalities, knows how to tell about in an interesting th^m the protection of minorities, the international manner, if not always in a judicial In his one. control of communications, the problem of security, essay on MacDonald, for example, he says that and the League of Nations. The subject matter Asquith had made a mess of the War ; Lloyd George is decidedly informing when presented personally had made a mess of the peace ; Bonar Law and before a group of college students. There is, Baldwin and Curzon had made between them the however, no reason for publishing a book of this most frightful mess of foreign policy ; and that nature, for every matter treated can be found the elevation of MacDonald to the Premiership better discussed by authors who have prepared meant not only the salvation of England but of their work primarily for publication, not for Europe. Again in his essay on General Sikorski lectures before college students. he says of Poland, "It is really the key state of Europe. If true peace can be made at Warsaw, Europe is safe". This same quality is shown The Geneva Protocol for the Pacific Settlement P. also in his essay on Dr. Dorten, where he says of International Disputes, by J. Noel. P. & "The battleground of the next War will not be London. S. King Son. 228 pages. France, will not be Germany proper, but will is be the Rhineland". This book an able analysis not of the preli

Mr. Huddleston admires not only Mr. Mac minary history, but of the contents of the Geneva of Donald but also Sir William Goode, "The Saviour Protocol as produced by the Fifth Assembly of of Nations", and Sir John Bradbury of the Repa the League Nations. The significance of the ration Commission, whom he describes as the different provisions of the Protocol are carefully dominating figure in the finances of Europe for explained. As a whole the book is not as compre the past few years. But he admires no one more hensive, or legally and historically as precise as than he does Clemenceau, whom he calls the a work on the same subject that has just appeared greatest man that Europe has produced in our from the pen of an American, David Hunter generation. Other chapters on French statesmen Miller. It is unfortunate that either book should are devoted to Millerand, Poincare, Caillaux, have appeared just at the moment when the present "the Jonah of France", and Lyautey, the maker "Geneva Protocol" was buried and lies beyond of modern Morocco. hope of resurrection. Still other chapters describe briefly the charac * teristics of Masaryk, "his country's creator", Commercial Year Book of the Soviet Union d'Annunzio, Primo de Rivera, and Lord Cecil. 1925. Compiled and edited by Louis Segal

and A. A. Santalov. London. Allen & Germany in Transition, by Herbert Kraus. Unwin. 1925. 422 pages. Chicago. University of Chicago Press. 1924. 236 pages. is a This valuable, and in fact the only handy

Few books produced since the war have traced compendium of information on Soviet Russia

events in Germany more comprehensively and that exists in the English language. Principal

impartially than this series of essays delivered by emphasis is placed upon industry, finance, agri the writer, a German professor at the University culture, and political organization. While a mass of of Chicago. Lectures are as a rule highly ephe valuable information is presented it must be meral when placed in print, a fact to which the remembered that the Year Book presents all

publication of a certain American institution on facts with the proper U. S. S. R. interpretation.

international relations bear striking witness. In A few readers unaware of this may consider that treating the reparation question, the League of they know real Russian conditions after reading Nations and Germany, and general German about the present governmental organization or political conditions and tendencies, as is done in about foreign concessions. Capitalists seeking this book, however, Professor Kraus has peered Russian investments, however, will be likely to

beneath the surface evidence and given a valuable go beyond the facts given in this publication before survey of the real conditions in Germany. committing themselves to Russian enterprises.

269 Around the Wbrld in New York, by Konrad cities for her tour. The descriptions of the Bercovici. New York. The Century Co. scenery are good, but a map would have helped 1924. 416 pages. a great deal in following her wanderings. Some of the statements made in this volume seem Nothing but praise can be given to Mr. Bercovici a' trifle naive, such as "there is no such thing in for this book. His knowledge of the many races either England or nowadays as injustice and nationalities in New York and his under France or corruption", and again, "here in England standing of their various ways of living are remark husbands and wives are always lovers right through able. The first chapter offers a short history life to the end of the — as we all know of the metropolis from its earliest days, and I chapter very well indeed". information wonder how many native New Yorkers would The author's regarding French factory workers seems, also, know as much of their own city? to have come from rather obscure sources. The book, truly, is like a trip around the world ; In a second edition of the work, Mrs. Speed and whichever part of the globe appeals to you will have to revise certain historical statements. the most, will be a matter of taste. Yet, whether Chenonceaux was not, as she says, built and it be China, Italy, Palestine, Scandinavia, or one originally intended for The of the Balkan states, it is equally well told. Diane de Poitiers. castle was erected on old one Chapter X, however, devoted to Africa is possibly the site of an mill by Thomas Bohier in 1515, and, as his son had no the best of all. It gives us a new angle on the it, I funds to complete Francois bought it in 1535. negro question and a great deal to ponder upon.

The royal builder carried on the work, and it The volume is charmingly illustrated with pen was not until his death that the was given and ink sketches by Norman Borchardt. castle Marguerite Holm to Diane by Henri II. in Mrs. Speed is also hard on Mary Stuart

Paris of Today, by Ralph Nevill. London. crediting her with a wanton cruelty that she had

not. For she is accused of having enjoyed the Herbert Jenkins. 1924. 311 pages. dreadful execution that followed the discovery One does not find all the activities of Paris of a Huguenot plot to carry off the king. All recorded in Mr. Nevill's book, — mainly its merry histories that I am acquainted with say that Cathe May I say that the writer is a specialist life only. rine de* Medici forced Mary to be present, but, is author of "Mayfair of such studies? He the as she —Mary— repeatedly fainted from horror, Montmartre", title, as are also and an alluring her husband, the king, insisted upon her being in : the subheads the present volume The Demi- spared further attendance. Monde, Montmartre, Cafe-Concerts and Balls, etc. in The book is delightfully illustrated, partly Some of the illustrations — for instance, a naked colour, by the author herself. little model as a symbol of Le Latin, etc., Quartier Marguerite Holm might even lead the reader to believe the book is more frivolous than it is. However, Mr. Nevill deals with his subject in a very serious and com Twice Thirty, by Edward W. Bok. L. D., L. H. D. prehensive way. He warns the public against New York. Charles Scribner's Sons. 1925. the impressions of the tourists who go to Paris 539 pages. "for the purpose of a holiday, and do not trouble For half of the "twice thirty" Dr. Bok was about the more serious side of Parisian life which of a editor well-known magazine in Philadelphia, occupies the time of a vast majority of the inha The Ladies' Home Journal. Since resigning some bitants". half a dozen years ago, he has devoted himself That is just the sort of preface that pleases the to the writing of increasingly popular books, French people. They want foreigners to realize is in to recreation, and to service. It particularly that the Grands Boulevards and La Butte are not

the last field that Dr. Bok wins the heart of everyone. typical of all Paris. His generosity and, better still, his will to serve Many anecdotes and many traits reveal the fact his fellow-man in wider fields than from the that Mr. Nevill began his observations long before

editorial chair, and his undoubted success in these the War. But his views, his comparisons especially endeavours, are all factors that in themselves go between the Parisians and their English sisters, far towards the making of an absorbingly attractive are of the same vivid interest today as yesterday. book of reminiscence, and, yet, they are not all. Pierre Denoyer is in There something the memoirs of Dr. Bok

which somehow is different from the usual tone Through Central France, by Maude Speed. of recollections, with which the book-mart of London. Longmans Green. 1924. 245 is to-day swamped ; something which makes one pages. in a think that once while a knight-errant does

Mrs. Speed has written a pleasant book and go forth to social battle, after a good many years of of chosen some the most interesting towns and useful background and effort, in order to apply successfully his experience and shrewdnoss —of United States Naval Aviation in February 1918. which latter commodity Dr. Bok possesses uncharted Here he met a heavy blow, in the death of his oceans of astronomic dimensions —to broader boyhood chum and dearest friend, Dumaresq fields where service, backed by capital, is needed. Spencer, who had left Yale and come to France Edward W. Bok, we know, is different from with him, and who was killed in aeroplane Edward Bok. That was already explained in January 22, 1918. Moseley saw his friend's one of the author's former volumes. But it is machine fall, and was one of the first to reach it. a good thing, not only for Philadelphia and the After changing to the American Naval Aviation, United States, but for Holland and the world at Moseley flew over the North Sea sector from large as well, that one day Edward Bok fell put March until June, 1918; then was attached to a of his editorial chair with a. resounding thud, day-bombing squadron of the Royal Flying Corps and thereupon rose, shook himself, smiled enga for three months, and finally ended the war again gingly, and stepped forth as Edward W. Bok, flying with a French squadron. All this varied whose obvious flair for public service assures experience is delightfully and vividly described him a niche in more than one exclusive Hall of in well-written letters, in which are often quoted Fame. stories of daring action told by British and French Frits Holm pilots. Some of Moseley 's most exciting expe riences were had while bombing the German War Letters of George Clark Moseley. Printed works around Zeebrugge and Bruges, where his machine was often damaged by enemy anti for Private Distribution. Highland Park , batteries. Illinois. 1923. 239 pages. aircraft The book is attractively illustrated, and contains This volume is a valuable addition to the collec as an Appendix the "Honor Roll of the Lafayette tion of writings of the American Volunteers in Dead", an article about the Memorial Garden the French Army during the World War. The of the Lafayette Escadrille, and a Chronology of letters cover the period from April 1917, when "What the United States did in the War and when Moseley left Yale to fight the Germans, until she did it." his return to America after the Armistice, and Paul Rockwell give an intimate picture of the life of the writer and his comrades, in the French aviation schools, Basic Principles in Pianoforte Playing, by training as a pilot with the Lafayette Flying Corps, Joseph Lhevinne. Philadelphia. Theo. Presser at front French, and the with British and American Co. 1924 48 pages. fighting aerial squadrons. The first letters describe Moseley 's enlistment This is a series of "personal conferences" with in the Aviation Section of the New York Naval Mr. Lhevinne upon the art of pianoforte playing, Militia : finding chances of speedy entry into first published in The Etude. action with that outfit very doubtful, he secured Mr. Lhevinne may be read with profit by all ■ his discharge, sailed for France, and joined the persons who ever listen to piano playing ; he has Lafayette Flying Corps on July 10, 1917. something for all of them, amateur or professional, "At last we are in a real aviation school", Moseley teacher or student. There are numberless pianists wrote from Camp d'Avord on July 30, 1917. in and out of the public eye, who have no suspicion "There are at least 900 to 1,000 aeroplanes here of the value of "silence", and if you happen to of all descriptions. In the morning and evening be acquainted with any such keyboard steeple the sky is covered with them. There are so chasers, by all means encourage them to read many planes that after the first few days you get Mr. Lhevinne's remarks on "Indifference to tired of looking up at them and after your neck Rests". "Very often the effect of the rest is gets over being stiff you never bother to raise even greater than that of the notes. It serves your head. to attract and to prepare the mind", and wasn't it "There are a great many kinds of people gathered Mozart who used to say that "Silence is the together here at camp. There are Russians, greatest effect in music"? Portuguese, Japanese, Canadians, French, Arabs, The most valuable pearl in Basic Principles no Annamites and Americans. The Arabs and Anna- doubt is the author's insistence upon the mental mites do all the menial work about camp. There basis of all the component parts of piano playing. are about 110 Americans here learning to fly. The menial concept is the secret of all of Most of them are fine follows, they run all the them— rhythm, good touch, a beautiful ringing, way from millionaires to fellows who have hardly singing tone, technic, delicacy, power, accuracy, a centime." mood, sentiment, emotion, and so on. After finishing his training, Moseley was sent "The player can actually think moods and to the front with the French Escadrille Spad 150, conditions into his arm and fingers. His mental where he remained until he transferred to the attitude means a great deal in the quality

271 of his playing. Anyone who heard Rubenstein The following year he met Mrs. Osbourne at play will realize how the emotions can be con Grez, and after the canoe trip described in "An veyed to the keyboard in an altogether marvelous Inland Voyage" spent the remainder of the summer manner. No audience is immune to this appeal. near her, with occasional excursions on the Loing The non-musical auditors, infact, come more to Nemours and elsewhere. In 1877 he planned for this sensation than for any understanding a second canoeing trip with Sir Walter Simpson, of pure music. They know instantly when it to start at Moret, at the junction of the Seine and is present and go away gratified and rewarded. the Loing, and be continued by the Loing, the They do not under stand the musical niceties ; Loire, and the Rhone to the Mediterranean. but they do comprehend the communication of Nothing came of this, but after Mrs. Osbourne's human sensations and emotions when sincerely departure for California in the autumn of 1878 portrayed by the pianist who feels he has he had that second adventure in France, which something more to do in his art than merely he described in his "Travels with a Donkey". to play the notes." In these earlier visits Stevenson spent most of Irving Schwerke. his time either in Paris, or in Barbizon, in "that excellent artists' barrack", Siron's Inn. But after The Greatest Experiment in History, by Sir his return from the United States with Mrs. Stev Edward Grigg. New Haven. Yale Univer enson in 1882 he sought the sunnier skies of the sity Press. 1924. 216 pages. Riviera, first at St-Marcel in the environs of Mar seilles, and afterward at La Solitude, Hyeres. These lectures delivered at the Institute of Years afterwards he said that he had been happy Politics at Williams College by Mr. Llyod George's just once in his life, and that was at Hyeres. ex-secretary discuss in an interesting manner British imperial policy, especially in relation to the questions of the Near East, Egypt, and India, Barren Ground, by Ellen Glasgow. Garden together with the Treaty of Versailles and the City. Doubleday. Page & Co. 1925. 511 German Reparations problem. pages. The British Empire, he takes care to explain, In spirit Ellen Glasgow and Thomas Hardy are is not an Empire in the old sense of the term, but very near together. They share the same belief a true Commonwealth of Nations in a new and in the inevitability of fate ; they describe the same more'significant form than any to which the splendid hopeless inner combat ; the pall of futility hangs name of Commonwealth has yet been applied. like a dark and ominous cloud over everything It is a new power, a new idea, a new experiment they write. in history, the success or failure of which must "Barren Ground" is the story of life in a small profoundly influence the future of human society. country settlement in Virginia. Life and tragedy The two lectures in which British and American are synonymous and interchangeable terms with imperialism are compared, and in which their Miss Glasgow, and from the title page, with its resemblances are pointed out, are of special interest. bleak woodcut, to the last paragraph, it is all stark He notes for example, that the population of the and sombre. Even the first chapters, with their United States is about the same as the total British surface radiance, are overshadowed with the pre population of the British Empire ; also that about science of calamity. sixty per cent of the population of the United Ellen Glasgow is an artist ; she is perhaps the States is of British origin. most significant of the Southern writers of today. She knows the negro, with his childlike, irrational Robert Louis Stevenson Man and Writer : a temperament, and the "poor white", that thriftless, Critical Biography, by J. A. Stuart. London. sad and aimless mortal, knows and understands Sampson Low, Marston & Co. 1924. 2 vol them, and has the great gift to write about them umes. with comprehension and feeling. M. R. The most interesting feature of this biography Meynell and Literary Generation, to most Parisians will be the author's account of Mrs. Her : Dutton. Stevenson's life in France. This began in his by Anne Kimball Tuell N. Y. E. P. 1925. 286 twelfth year with a visit to Mentone with his mother, pages. a visit repeated in 1873 upon the advice of his Here is a critical biography whose style and hysician, as described in his "Ordered South", contents are most happily fitted to the subject fn 1875 he joined his cousin Bob Stevenson at in hand. One feels that the writer is steeped Fontainebleau, and made an excursion up the in the atmosphere of Mrs. Meynell's works, in valley of the Loing which ended in his being the same way as her life was surely influenced and jailed at Chetillon-sur-Loing. The record of this made richer by Mrs. Meynell's personality and visit is given in his essays, entitled "Fontainebleau" friendship. Yet it is an estimate at once sympa and "Forest Notes ". thetic and just.

272 BOOK-WORMS !

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Descriptive leaflets of EX LIBRIS advertisers may be obtained at Its Information Bureau, rez-dc-chaussee, 10 rue de VElyse'e. The book has a sureness and delicacy of touch, a he alone represented justice, and truth, and honour. happiness of phrase and illustration which seem After all, the men who make the speeches about to owe something to Mrs. Meynell's own apt and it, or write the strirring editorials, or actualy send — delicate turn of expression. The actual facts of the ultimatum that docides, these men merely

Mrs. Meynell's life are touched upon but lightly, sit round a table yet nevertheless we retain in our minds the impres if, of And at the sound a silver bell, sion of the finely-poised, determined spirit of the They plunged three nations into hell — woman who,"with an avalanche of children (there of The blood peasants is not red were eight of them in all) pouring down the stair

A hundred miles away. case", could yet concentrate on those exquisite AAW. cameos of prose and poetry which she has left us. There is besides, a useful bibliography of Alice The Heart of the Middle East, by Richard Meynell's works at the end of the volume. Coke. London. Thornton Butterworth. 1925. 320 pages. J.A.L. Shercliff.

In this book is presented the best general survey by of Mesopotamian history yet produced any Origins The of the War of 1870, New Docu writer. The narrative begins with the earliest ments the German Archives, by Robert ; from recorded history of Mesopotamia it ends with Howard Lord. Harvard Historical Studies. "the dawn of a to-morrow". Chief emphasis Cambridge. Harvard University Press. 1924. is placed on developments concomitant with and 282 pages. since the World War. Besides the well written historical expose, the reader will find of interest Professor Lord speaks of the "bursting of the

of conditions, a description social life, economic Spanish bomb" (a diplomatic one) at Paris on of and a skilful delineation the Oriental character. July 3rd —the first of the fateful twelve days pre ceding the initial declaration of war in the French Chamber on July 15th. His own statement, This Mad Ideal, by Floyd Dell. New York. however, that "it is difficult not to accuse both Alfred A. Knopf. 1925. 246 pages. in 1870 of criminally playing with governmentsre" will certainly explode a mild bomb in the This novel continues the modern spirit of revolt- minds of many people. One is apt, in these revolt against convention, against respectability, matters, to allow one s sympathy and one's ima against material comfort, against others, against gination to be the guide, rather then the dull self, against love, against everything —just revolt.

researches of the patient historian. "Bismarck", The revolting routine is described at the end

says Professor Lord, "deliberately embarked on a of Book Two. Home with the mortgage paid project which did involve placing Napoleon in a off, healthy, sensible children, no harassing economic it, position where he might either have to fight or pressure, good food and plenty of pleasant neigh

— it to accept another grave defeat that might involve bours, interesting books, a good pipe well, the downfall of his tottering dynasty. France may all seem monotonous and meaningless, but then tried to turn the tables by forcing Prussia was Robert Burns, another revolutionary, wrong

to confront the alternative of war or a humiliating when he defined, in simple terms "the true pathos — backdown and with a statesman like Bismarck and sublime, of human life"?

the choice was quickly made." The agony of If the ideal involves burdensome mortgages,

these twelve days is known, on the French side, ailing infants, a slovenly, slatternly table, ultra o by the publications of Grammont, Ollivier, Bene- modern poetry and art, while we hunt a will

detti, and La Gorco. Professor Lord has now the wisp, it is indeed mad. Life is not so compli

had access to the seven volumes of diplomatic cated as Floyd Dell and others of his kidney would — documents in the German archives, hither to unpub make us believe at least it need not be, and the was lished. No doubt much remains to be known, simpler we keep it the better for all. Judith

the official publication of the French Government, a young fool not to marry Roy, or to live with him.

in twelve volumes to October 15, 1866, being as she suggests. She broke his heart, and in the only half finished, but Professor Lord's contribu sequel we shall probably find she broke her own-

tions put all students of modern history deeply The madness of her ideal lay simply in her own is in his debt. confusion of mind, but her short journey «uM

Investigation often proves that the responsi of arresting incident. Floyd Dell, with SincW if. bility for wars, in the dim and distant past, was Lewis, is interpreting America. What matter divided —divided generally on a fifty-fifty basis ; as Hugh Walpole hints, its ugly aspects are empha- but at the moment of their occurrence, there was no doubt in the minds of each participant that

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COMPLIMENTS OF "EX LIBRIS" Culture and Democracy in the United States : vailing. After dwelling upon Wilson's childhood studies in the group psychology of the days and surroundings, his early marriage, we AMERICAN PEOPLES, by Horace M. Kallen. arrive at the formative pariod, his professorial

New York. Boni & Liveright. 1924. 347 days, his career as head of Princeton, the New

pages. Jersey Governoship, all of which led to the Presi ; dency then follow his Mexican Policy, and by- The standpoint of these essays, first published slow stages the World War. , The biographer points Nation, New in The The Republic, and other maga out that throughout all, Mr. Wilson's convictions zines, is described by the auther as that of culture and his mental attitude remained unchanged. Pluralism. By this he means that while demo Always was he averse to war, indeed it took three cracy is an essential prerequisite to culture, culture of years of Germany's contemptuous ignoring can be and and sometimes is the fine flowering or his Notes, which she only acknowledged by fresh democracy. He does not make either point per acts of ruthlessmess, to. compel him to abandon fectly clear, nor does he present any program by- his attitude of aloofness. When the declaration which these two ideals may be realized ; but his of war finally came, the whole country moved with criticism of cultural conditions in the United him. "However President Wilson may have

States, is, perhaps, more interesting on that account, wandered in following one expedient or another and particularly his criticism of other critics like to avoid conflict, there can be no question that in : the authors of "Civilisation the United States his fereign policy in connection with the European an by Thirty Americans". he Inquiry Of them war, as with Mexico, was based upon an instinc says, "They know better, and on occasion they tive conviction of the might of right as against think and say better. But their feelings are too the right of« might... He was in his foreign policy much engaged. Disaffected, lacking poise of showing forth in works the Calvinism that impreg

intellect and- serenity of spirit, they figure in this nated his soul. Perhaps it may be best to define book, in effects, as emotional reactionaries. Perhaps the two courses that parted there in September 1914, is this is as it should be. For strong emotion before that Belgian Commission, by impersonating it by utterance, no purged and would be more than the alternatives. One was the Roosevelt way.

of as, fair to regard this plaint the disaffected the other Wilson's. Doubtless the Rooseveltian on the whole, nothing more than a purge. Now — way would have been to issue the protest, to show that they have come clean if they have come

force, it — to make appear definitely that American clean perhaps they will consult William James's public opinion was outraged and that the only 'On a Certain Blindness in Human Beings', and satisfaction which that outrage could feel would try again". be the whack of the big stick. There are no 'ifs Other essays are entitled "America and the in history, but one has the right to guess that this

Life of Reason", a criticism of Santayana's "Cha swish of the big stick in the autumn air that year

racter and Opinion in the United States", "Huma in the beginning of the war would have brought nism and the Industrial Age", "American isation Germany to a realization of her isolation in the and the Cultural Future", and "Democracy and world, and its danger. It might have been wise the Melting Pot". to walk down that branch of the crossroads. But in It in is not, however, literature, critical but Wilson could not walk here. His faith in the

poetry that he finds the best expression of the ultimate triumph of reason as the will of God,

national spirit, and among poets it is Vachel Lind rather than of force in displaying that will, was

say who expresses it most perfectly. the lever which moved the greatest events in the

world in those early days of the war."

Woodrow Wilson, by William Allen White. Then follow the episodes of Mr. Wilson's trium phant European progress, his ensuing downfall, Boston. Houghton Mifflin & Co. 1924. his and 487 pages. illness death. It must be borne in mind, however, that this of all of The following lines the Introduction fairly work purports to be a study character and it, epitomize the author's judgment : "He worked that makes for rathor than an historical manual.

terrible odds, many of which were hard against George G. Fleurot

in his own heart. He achieved much, he left much undone. But his sincerity, his honesty,

Wharton, by his consecration to the work before him were never Edith Robert Morss Lovett. New questioned." York. McBride & Co. 1925. 87 pages.

Thereon Mr. White discourses intimately, ten This is such a slender little volume that it can ; derly, most lengthily upon his hero's Scotch-Irish hardly be called more than a synopsis the profound of of heritage, and upon his Calvinistic cast mind, deductions a critic should not be expected.

hence the conflicting impulsiveness and dourness Bibliographical notes are at a minimum, but Mr. of : his composition dourness and obstinacy pre Lovett has clearly outlined the various types of

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"Of all the historical romances that have seen Professor Jean Catel of the University of Mont- the light in many days" says a reviewer in the pellier is in the United States collecting material International Book Review, "it is doubtful if there for a book on Walt Whitman. is any that can exceed William Stearns Davis's 'The Beauty of the Purple' in the magnificence In recording the death of J.E.C. Bodley, author "France", — "Pro of its setting, the power of its emotional appeal, of The Times for May 29th says : inti the interest of its narrative, the essentially romantic bably no Englishman ever possessed a more of France, nature of its story". mate knowledge of the whole life social and political, her manners and customs, her modes of thought, the treasures of her literature, and "Pierre de Ronsard, Gentil- M. Martelliere's the long drama of her history." homme Venddmois", (Paris, Lemerre), is described work of great interest and value. by the Times as a In a review of Miss Lowell's "John Keats Martelliere", it says,'"has raked, with criticism "M. (Jonathan Cape) in the Spectator for June 6th, Ronsard has — certain traditions regarding and J.St. Loe Strachey says : "That the book is a brought forward important new facts as the model biography I do not contend. It is not a result of his patient researches." perfect biography, or a perfect critical estimate of Keats. Rather it is a Keats encyclopedia, The first instalment of Ambassador Page's which contains almost everything that is known private letters to President Wilson appears in or knowable about Keats, arranged in chronolo World's Work, for June. These letters have not gical order, and with many shrewd and enlight hitherto been published. ening comments."

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