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An Overview of Action Research Projects

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An Overview of Action Research Projects An Overview of Action Research Projects Collected by: Md. Hedaytul Islam Computer Section In-charge (CIWM) Rural Development Academy (RDA), Bogra 1 Introduction To conduct action research projects on socio-economic problems is one of the mandatory functions of the Academy. Since its inception in 1974 the Academy is involved in implementation of a number of experimental projects in compliance with its mandated objectives. As of now it, has initiated 26 projects. Of them, 19 are completed and the rest are ongoing projects. Out of these seven ongoing projects four are at the terminal stage and the rest three will continue for a few years to come. All these projects may be classified into three categories in terms of the sources of finance: (a) Government projects (6) financed through its Annual Development Programme (ADP);(b) RDA financed projects from its own revenue (5) ; and (c) Aided projects (14) financed either by international agencies or by individual countries. The international agencies include UNDP, UNICEF, FAO, UNCDF, UNCRD, CIRDAP and Helen killer International and the individual donor countries are Japan and The Netherlands. The completed projects include: Small Farmers and Landless Labourers Development Project; Local Level Planning; Village Child Development Project; Integrated Action for Out-of-School Children and Their Families; Social Forestry in Integrated Rural Development; Water Resources Development for Small Scale Irrigation and Household Purposes; Landless Women Development Project; Development of Destitute Women; Joint Study on Rural Development Experiment; Rural Development Through Village Organisation; Public Health Education; Support for Tube-well Command Area Development; Irrigation Management Programme; Integrated Training, Research and Technology Transfer Under Irrigation Management Programme; Poverty Alleviation Through Social Forestry; Community Empowerment for Poverty Alleviation; Rural Housing Project; Home Gardening Project; Crop Diversification Prograinme; and Low-Cost DTW with Water Filtration Plant and the ongoing projects include Comprehensive Village Development Programme; Expansion and Modernisation of RDA Demonstration Farm; Socio-Economic Development and Improvement of Quality of Life through Arsenic Free Safe Drinking Water Supply; Action Research Project on Multipurpose Use of Low-cost DTW for Long-term Post Flood Rehabilitation; Seed Health Improvement Project; Women to Women Extension Project; Demonstration Farm; and Model Village in Rural Development. As stated earlier a major thrust of all these experimental projects was on testing some ideas under certain socio-economic conditions to explore their feasibility for upliftment of the rural community. Since its inception it has successfully completed the experiment on 16 fields in this respect and of them, only three have been taken for replication. These are : (a) Village Child Development Project (VCDP); (b) Water Resources Development for Small Scale Irrigation and Household Purposes; and ( c) Small Farmers and Landless Labourers Development. The rest were not taken for replication due to mainly lack of financial support from the concerned agencies. Besides, some of the projects were merged with the new ones or closed due to the withdrawal of financial and technical support from the concerned agencies. The present report concerns the performance of the various action research projects of the Academy. It has been prepared collecting information mainly from the annual reports of the Academy and evaluation reports of the concerned projects published over the years. Besides, in some cases informal discussion was made with the personnel of the selected projects. However, because of the time constraint no field visit has been made to discuss the project beneficiaries in order to crosscheck the situation in the light of field data. Evidently, this report is a sort of review over the past activities rather than an evaluation. The achievements of all the projects are, albeit small, significant. Moreover, the experience of the Academy in respect of action research represents a mixed picture having both success and failure. Here an attempt has been made to give general observations on experiences of the Academy in the fields of different action research projects. 1 General Observations Significance of Institutional Forum An institutional forum at the grassroot level is essential for streamlining the delivery of goods and services. It serves the purpose by way of effective linkage with various service providers for both technical and financial support to the community in running their development activities. It is also instrumental for resource mobilization of the rural community. As a matter of fact, it becomes helpful for planning and implementation of village development. Participatory Approach The success of any development programmes is heavily contingent upon the active participation of .the concerned community. It needs for several reasons ⎯ proper identification of needs, formulation of plan on the basis of needs, mobilization of resources, implementation of plan and monitoring and evaluation. So, any development effort underlines the need for participatory approach. Integrated Approach Rural development programme needs to deal with multifarious problems of a community. Any programme concentrating on one or two areas cannot make much headway in respect of rural development because of interrelationships among all the problems. Hence, an integrated approach is necessary for covering all aspects of the rural life. Otherwise, any isolated attempt is likely to go in vain. In consideration of all these facts, it is a necessity for comprehensive approach in order to address the needs of all the segments of a community and this may be able to produce a congenial atmosphere for achieving any development programme. As for the income generating activities among the rural community, there is a need for simultaneous confluence of four things - financial support, training, technical support, if necessary, and promotion of marketing facilities. Any lacking in any of these four factors is likely to affect the implementation of a programme. Demarcation of Responsibility between Government and NGO There is a need for clear demarcation of responsibility for development work between GO and NGOs and in the absence of it, there is a likelihood of confusion leading to conflict and wastage of time and limited resources. Integration of Women into Development As the women constitute half of the community, the successful implementation of any development programme demands the active participation of women in all the stages. So women should be integrated into the mainstream of development. The experience of the Academy through its various experimental projects suggests that the performance of women is always better than that of men in all respects. Achievements With this background information on the experience of the Academy, a few words may be made highlighting the achievements done by the individual projects. Income Generation and Self-employment The projects like CVDP and Poverty Alleviation through Social Forestry have successfully created a congenial atmosphere for undertaking income generating activities and awareness for self- employment. These projects have also created an effective demand for micro-credit because of skill training in different areas for the villagers and establishment of effective linkage between the community and the various service providers working in the rural areas. Besides, the utilization of micro-credit and the recovery rate are quite satisfactory. Many of them have become graduated from their previous position after their affiliation to the organizations run by the experimental 2 projects. A perceptible change has taken place in respect of institution building, health and sanitation and poverty alleviation. The new institutional mechanism devised by CVDP has also streamlined the diffusion of HYV technology among the farmers and this, in turn, has made a significant contribution to the rise in the production of food. Growing Awareness among Women There has been a growing awareness among the rural community especially the women segment of the community. Prior to the introduction of the programme, the people were not aware of the causes of their poverty and as such, they were not interested in improving their socio-economic condition. They were rather xenophobic about any development intervention initiated by outside agencies and they were a bit unresponsive to any development programme. However, this sort of apathy has melted away because of the motivational work through the project. Success in Transfer of Irrigation Technology Irrigation and water management related projects like ITRTT, IMP and TCAD have done a significant achievement in boosting up agricultural production and diversification of crops through improved water distribution system, improvement in the irrigation management programme, construction of appropriate irrigation channel and command area development of an irrigation equipment. Second, the Academy through its Faculty of Irrigation Management (FIM) introduced irrigation management as a multidisiplinary approach covering engineering, agronomical and management aspects as essential components. Over the years, it has also developed five training modules of multidisciplinary approach as a carrier of technology transfer in the field of irrigation management. Apart from imparting training to the officials,
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