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SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT in TOURISM in EGYPT (SITE) END -OF-TERM PERFORMANCE EVALUATION Cultural Heritage Tourism in Egypt and Memphis, Egypt’S

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SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT in TOURISM in EGYPT (SITE) END -OF-TERM PERFORMANCE EVALUATION Cultural Heritage Tourism in Egypt and Memphis, Egypt’S NAVE, RED MONASTERY, SOHAG, EGYPT, JULY 2018 SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT IN TOURISM IN EGYPT (SITE) END -OF-TERM PERFORMANCE EVALUATION Cultural Heritage Tourism in Egypt and Memphis, Egypt’s Ancient Capital: A Plan for Site and Community Development October 29, 2018 This publication was produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared under The QED Group, LLC Egypt SIMPLE Project. Team leader and lead author, Robert Travers and other contributors including Richard Gaeta, Monica Hanna, Ahmed Ibrahim, Nivine Ramses, Soheir El Sherif, and Nesma Saleh. SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT IN TOURISM IN EGYPT (SITE) END-OF-TERM PERFORMANCE EVALUATION Cultural Heritage Tourism in Egypt and Memphis, Egypt’s Ancient Capital: A Plan for Site and Community Development October 29, 2018 Task Order AID-263-I-15-00001/72026318F00007 Submitted by: The QED Group, LLC 1820 N. Fort Myer Drive, Suite 700 Arlington, VA 22209, USA Tel.: +1. 703.678.4700 www.qedgroupllc.com Egypt Office: The QED Group, LLC 1A Nadi El Etisalat off Ellaselky Street, New Maadi, 11435, Cairo, Egypt Office: +2090 2 25226697 DISCLAIMER: The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States government. CONTENTS ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IV PROJECT BACKGROUND IV PURPOSE IV METHOD AND DATA COLLECTION IV FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, EMERGING RECOMMENDATIONS – CHTE (ARCE) V FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, EMERGING RECOMMENDATIONS – MEMPHIS, EGYPT’S ANCIENT CAPITAL: A PLAN FOR SITE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (AERA) XI INTRODUCTION 1 DEVELOPMENT HYPOTHESIS 1 SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES 1 EVALUATION PURPOSE, AUDIENCE, AND INTENDED USES 3 EVALUATION QUESTIONS 3 EVALUATION METHODS AND LIMITATIONS 4 DESK REVIEW 4 QUALITATIVE DATA SOURCES 4 QUANTITATIVE DATA SOURCES 5 SAMPLE SELECTION 5 DATA COLLECTION 6 DATA STORAGE AND TRANSFER 6 DATA ANALYSIS 6 QUALITY CONTROL 7 LIMITATIONS ENCOUNTERED 7 REPORT STRUCTURE 8 BACKGROUND 8 ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT FOR CULTURAL TOURISM IN EGYPT 8 11 CULTURAL HERITAGE TOURISM IN EGYPT (ARCE): FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 12 EVALUATION QUESTION 1: 12 EVALUATION QUESTION 2: 16 EVALUATION QUESTION 3: 19 EVALUATION QUESTION 4: 21 MEMPHIS, EGYPT’S ANCIENT CAPITAL; A PLAN FOR SITE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT (AERA): FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 25 EVALUATION QUESTION 1: 25 EVALUATION QUESTION 2: 27 USAID.GOV END-OF-TERM EVALUATION OF SITE | I EVALUATION QUESTION 3: 29 EVALUATION QUESTION 4: 31 ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS 34 ANNEXES 35 ANNEX 1: STATEMENT OF WORK 36 ANNEX 2: EVALUATION DESIGN MATRIX 50 ANNEX 3: BIBLIOGRPAHY 54 ANNEX 4: DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS LIST 62 ANNEX 4A: DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS - ENGLISH 63 ANNEX 4B: DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS - ARABIC 111 ANNEX 5: CHTE SITES - EXTENT OF PHYSICAL CHANGE 154 SUGGESTED CONSOLIDATION MATERIALS 177 ANNEX 6: CHTE – TABULATIONS AND GRAPHS – OUTPUT OF ONLINE SURVEY OF TRAINEES 178 ANNEX 7: CHTE – TABULATIONS OUTPUT OF THE TELEPHONE SURVEY WITH WORKERS 192 ANNEX 8: MSCD SITES - EXTENT OF PHYSICAL CHANGE AND CONSULTATION PROCESSES 200 ANNEX 9: MSCD - TABULATIONS AND GRAPHS – OUTPUTS OF ONLINE SURVEY OF TRAINEES 210 ANNEX 10: MSCD – TABULATIONS FROM THE TELEPHONE SURVEY WITH WORKERS 223 ANNEX 11: CASE STUDIES 227 ANNEX 12: EVALUATION TEAM 241 ANNEX 13: ARCE STATEMENT OF DIFFERENCES AND SIMPLE RESPONSE 244 USAID.GOV END-OF-TERM EVALUATION OF SITE | II ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS AERA Ancient Egypt Research Associates APS Annual Program Statement ARCE American Research Center in Egypt ASOR American Schools of Oriental Research CHTE Cultural Heritage Tourism in Egypt Project COR Contracting Officer Representative DAC Development Assistance Committee DQA Data Quality Assessment DEC Development Experience Clearinghouse EGP Egyptian Pound ENCC Egyptian National Competitiveness Council EQ Evaluation Question ETA Egyptian Tourism Authority GD Group Discussion GDP Gross Domestic Product GOE Government of Egypt IP Implementing Partner KII Key Informant Interview MOA Ministry of Antiquities MOSS Ministry of Social Solidarity MOT Ministry of Tourism MPC Marginal Propensity to Consume MSCD Memphis Egypt’s Ancient Capital: A Plan for Site and Community Development Project NGO Non-Governmental Organization OEG Office of Economic Growth OUV Outstanding Universal Value PIRS Performance Indicator Reference Sheet SIMPLE Services to Improve Performance Management, Enhance Learning and Evaluation PPP Public-Private Partnership SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency SITE Sustainable Investment in Tourism in Egypt SMEs Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises SOW Statement of Work TOT Training of Trainers TT Thebes Tomb UK United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizationi UNWTO World Tourism Organization USAID United States Agency for International Development WEF World Economic Forum WTTC World Travel and Tourism Council USAID.GOV END-OF-TERM EVALUATION OF SITE | III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PROJECT BACKGROUND USAID’s purpose in this intervention was to solicit projects that conserve, preserve and promote more effective management of Egypt’s cultural heritage resources, with the aim of enhancing cultural tourism potential while also providing job opportunities for communities affected by the decrease in tourism. Applicants were encouraged to propose innovative approaches to build linkages between local businesses, affected communities and tourism. And given the downturn in the economy, applicants were also asked to give priority to generating employment in communities near targeted sites. This evaluation examines two activities funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the Sustainable Investment in Tourism in Egypt (SITE) intervention (APS number: 263-14- 000008). SITE sought to increase the competitiveness of the Egyptian tourism sector while providing employment during Egypt’s downturn in tourism arrivals. The two activities evaluated are: a) Cultural Heritage Tourism in Egypt (CHTE) implemented by the American Research Center in Egypt (ARCE), which was awarded EGP 67,734,684 plus $1,577,087; and b) Memphis, Egypt’s Ancient Capital: A Plan for Site and Community Development (MSCD), implemented by Ancient Egypt Research Associates (AERA), who were awarded EGP 9,219,141 + $164,482, a smaller project. USAID requested Services to Improve Performance Management, Enhance Learning and Evaluation (SIMPLE) to answer four evaluation questions (EQs). PURPOSE The evaluation specifically focused on evaluating the interventions proposed and implemented at cultural heritage sites in Egypt by both awardees in response to the SITE Cultural Tourism Annual Program Statement (APS). Findings of this evaluation will assist USAID in determining the human development and economic impact the interventions have had at the selected sites and feed into future decision making in this sector. Findings will also help USAID determine if the interventions were effective in promoting better management of cultural heritage resources and enhancing the sites’ cultural tourism potential. METHOD AND DATA COLLECTION The methodology agreed with USAID to address the four EQs using a mixed methods approach, which enabled the triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data, thereby strengthening the validity, reliability, and integrity of the observed findings. Data collection involved extensive desk research of IP outputs and independent sources, together with an agreed program of key informant interviews (KIIs) in all project locations. A survey of trainees from both projects was undertaken. A significant limitation to the evaluation did, however, arise in that the eight Egyptian team members were not allowed into the field to conduct stakeholder interviews. In addition, the Memphis Egypt’s Ancient Capital: A Plan for Site and Community Development (MSCD) project was completed 11 months ago, which could adversely impact the accuracy of project recall by interviewees. USAID.GOV END-OF-TERM EVALUATION OF SITE | IV FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, EMERGING RECOMMENDATIONS – CHTE (ARCE) EQ1: What has been the extent of physical change at the archeological sites following the conservation/cleaning/archeological mapping or other physical interventions? To what extent were physical interventions researched and shared/consulted with other stakeholders before starting implementation? How were stakeholders and/or local communities surrounding the site(s) consulted or informed before starting the interventions? Findings In Sohag, the Red Monastery nave and its adjoining tower have been restored. The floor of the nave has been paved in limestone and the columns re-erected to indicate the basilica church structure. Murals have been uncovered and restored. A flexible space for religious, community and possible tourism use has been created adjacent to the sanctuary (the main attraction and not funded under this intervention). The ground floor of the tower has been repurposed for small receptions and display and its upper stories restored as a monk’s cell. The changes add a flexible open space to the magnificent, restored triconch sanctuary (previous USAID interventions 2003-2013). In Luxor (East Bank), extensive conservation work on the Khonsu Temple chapel murals has been undertaken. On the West Bank, access and site lines have been improved in the Tombs of the Nobles area. Three tombs in Luxor have
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