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The Bucharest Summit: NATO and the Future of the Transatlantic Alliance Kurt Volker

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The Bucharest Summit: NATO and the Future of the Transatlantic Alliance Kurt Volker No. 1082 Delivered April 7, 2008 May 6, 2008 The Bucharest Summit: NATO and the Future of the Transatlantic Alliance Kurt Volker When we talk about NATO and the future, NATO’s mission, to me, still remains very much the same mis- sion that NATO has always had, which is the collective Talking Points defense of its members. That’s what it’s there for. What • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s has changed is the environment in which NATO needs (NATO’s) mission still remains very much the to go about doing this. We don’t face the Soviet threat same it has always had, which is the collec- in the heart of Europe in the same way that we did back tive defense of its members. in the 1980s or before. We do face threats like terror- • However, we face more diverse threats ism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, today, such as terrorism, proliferation, and failed states, and rogue states, and NATO has to deal the consequences of failed states. We need with these new kinds of challenges. And in order to to sharpen our focus on what those threats assure the security and defense of its members today, it are and how to respond to them needs to be acting in very different ways. • Security still depends upon transatlantic NATO has gone through a period of remarkable cooperation. It is still the United States, Can- transformation to address this changing security envi- ada, and Europe that together form a single ronment. If I give you a snapshot in time from 1995 transatlantic, democratic community that is and a snapshot today, I think we can illustrate where challenged by the same threats in much the some of these differences are. same ways. In 1995 and before, NATO had 16 members, had • Europe must understand that prosperity and no partners anywhere in the world, and had never con- democracy are intimately linked to an investment in defense. ducted a military operation. In 2008, NATO has 26 members—over 20 partners in Europe and Eurasia; seven in North Africa in the Mediterranean Dialogue; four in the Persian Gulf through the Istanbul Initiative; others that are with us in Afghanistan; and global part- ners such as Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. NATO is conducting operations vigorously, run- This paper, in its entirety, can be found at: ning the International Security Assistance Force www.heritage.org/Research/Europe/hl1082.cfm (ISAF) operation in Afghanistan. It remains commit- Produced by The Margaret Thatcher Center for Freedom ted to leading the KFOR (Kosovo Force) operation in Published by The Heritage Foundation 214 Massachusetts Avenue, NE Kosovo; has run operations in Bosnia and Macedonia Washington, DC 20002–4999 (202) 546-4400 • heritage.org Nothing written here is to be construed as necessarily reflect- ing the views of The Heritage Foundation or as an attempt to aid or hinder the passage of any bill before Congress. No. 1082 Delivered April 7, 2008 in the past; is helping in Darfur to transport African we’ll also see some strengthening in the south. Union troops; and it even delivered humanitarian We’ve seen other countries announce additional relief in Pakistan after the earthquake. So NATO has contributions as well, whether that’s the Czech taken on an operational role that enhances the secu- Republic, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Poland, or others. rity of its members in very different ways than was KFOR. There are other contributions that have the case during the Cold War. been made at Bucharest. NATO also reiterated its The Bucharest Summit commitment in Kosovo, so that it will continue to provide leadership to keep KFOR in place, to pro- This is the transformation of NATO that we’ve vide security and stability within Kosovo—and in seen over the past decades. doing so, to contribute to freedom of movement If I can turn to the Bucharest Summit, what we’ve and the protection of minorities and religious sites seen there is a furthering of this transformation in Kosovo, and to create the conditions whereby a process. We’ve seen invitations to new members, Kosovo government can succeed in the implemen- Albania and Croatia; a commitment to Macedonia; tation of the Ahtisaari Plan so that the protections and enhancement of partnerships, particularly with for the minorities in Kosovo can go forward. Ukraine and Georgia. Missile Defense. NATO also took an important Ukraine and Georgia. Here, I think, NATO took decision on missile defense, where in the past we’ve an extraordinary step by saying that we believe that talked about feasibility studies and looking at what Ukraine and Georgia will be members of NATO. the potential threats are and what the potential They will become members of NATO. This is a com- responses are. NATO took this a bit further at mitment from NATO to those two countries, a far- Bucharest and recognized that there are growing reaching statement coming out of NATO. It is more ballistic missile threats out there. than we’ve done in past rounds of enlargement to We recognize the substantial contribution that make such a bold assertion at this point in time. the U.S. is making through its missile defense pro- Afghanistan. In addition, NATO issued a state- gram to the protection of alliance territories and ment on Afghanistan that articulated the alliance’s populations. We tasked the North Atlantic Council shared vision and long-term commitment to secu- (NAC), NATO’s decision-making body, to do further rity, reconstruction, and development in Afghani- work, to look at how we can add on to this U.S. mis- stan. It outlined a couple of key pillars or areas sile defense program for further protection of all where we need to work more effectively: strength- alliance territory. ening the military commitments, training the Russia. We reiterated our desire to work togeth- Afghan military and police, working more closely er with Russia, because missile defense is not target- with those Afghan security forces, strengthening ed against Russia, but rather for enhancing the reconstruction and development, and tying that security of NATO against stray missile threats—and more closely as well, so we have better coordina- we’d very much like to work together with Russia to tion between the military and civilian components; protect against these missile threats. fighting the narcotics problem in Afghanistan; and strengthening governance in Afghanistan. These Macedonia. I should say one more word about are all parts of what NATO articulated as a strategy, enlargement. I touched on Georgia and Ukraine, together with the other members of the ISAF at and I touched on Albania and Croatia. We were the summit meeting. disappointed that we were not able to extend an invitation to Macedonia at the Bucharest Summit. Force Contributions. We did see new contri- The issue of the name of Macedonia has been a butions announced at Bucharest as well. France subject of some international disagreement for announced it would be contributing forces, a battal- some time. Greece and Macedonia have different ion into the east of Afghanistan where there is a sig- views on this. We have tried to facilitate the nego- nificant combat role. This will give some flexibility tiating process led by the U.N. We believe that’s to the commanders to move other forces around, so very important. page 2 No. 1082 Delivered April 7, 2008 We do not think that this issue should have pre- We’ve created a coordination mechanism for spe- vented Macedonia from getting an invitation, and cial operations forces, something that NATO had NATO did make clear that it believes Macedonia is never done before the efforts in Afghanistan. Having ready. As soon as the name issue is resolved, the worked together with allies, including special oper- NAC can go forward with a decision to issue an ations forces, we discovered a lot of potential for invitation. Therefore, in the wake of Bucharest, we synergy, for joint training, and for working together. hope that negotiations resume quickly and that a NATO is developing this special operations initia- solution is found quickly so that we can proceed tive, including on the ground in Afghanistan with with an invitation to Macedonia as well. the coordination center in theater. NATO Transformation Challenges Ahead When you think about the transformation of Now there are challenges ahead. There are serious NATO that I described—enlargement, partnerships, challenges facing NATO, and this is what I think is the operational roles, the diversity of the operational going to be occupying us for the years ahead. roles, the geographic spread of the operational roles Principally, I think a major challenge is that that NATO has taken on—then, clearly, there’s a lot European publics do not currently see the well- of capability development that needs to take place. being, prosperity, and the political development and It has already taken place to some degree, but it democracy enjoyed within Europe as intimately needs to continue. I’ll mention a few things that linked to the investment and security in defense. I NATO has done, but there’s much more that’s believe that it is intimately linked. I don’t think you needed, and I’ll come to some of the challenges in can sustain the kind of prosperity and well-being just a moment. that’s enjoyed in Europe or in North America with- One thing we did at the 2006 Riga Summit was out the investment in security. So we have to come to launch an initiative where a consortium of coun- back to that.
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