Fish Health Newsletter
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Closest Unicellular Relatives of Animals
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Current Biology, Vol. 12, 1773–1778, October 15, 2002, 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. PII S0960-9822(02)01187-9 The Closest Unicellular Relatives of Animals B.F. Lang,1,2 C. O’Kelly,1,3 T. Nerad,4 M.W. Gray,1,5 Results and Discussion and G. Burger1,2,6 1The Canadian Institute for Advanced Research The evolution of the Metazoa from single-celled protists Program in Evolutionary Biology is an issue that has intrigued biologists for more than a 2 De´ partement de Biochimie century. Early morphological and more recent ultra- Universite´ de Montre´ al structural and molecular studies have converged in sup- Succursale Centre-Ville porting the now widely accepted view that animals are Montre´ al, Que´ bec H3C 3J7 related to Fungi, choanoflagellates, and ichthyosporean Canada protists. However, controversy persists as to the spe- 3 Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences cific evolutionary relationships among these major P.O. Box 475 groups. This uncertainty is reflected in the plethora of 180 McKown Point Road published molecular phylogenies that propose virtually West Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575 all of the possible alternative tree topologies involving 4 American Type Culture Collection Choanoflagellata, Fungi, Ichthyosporea, and Metazoa. 10801 University Boulevard For example, a monophyletic MetazoaϩChoanoflagel- Manassas, Virginia 20110 lata group has been suggested on the basis of small 5 Department of Biochemistry subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences [1, 6, 7]. Other studies and Molecular Biology using the same sequences have allied Choanoflagellata Dalhousie University with the Fungi [8], placed Choanoflagellata prior to the Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4H7 divergence of animals and Fungi [9], or even placed Canada them prior to the divergence of green algae and land plants [10]. -
An Ichthyophonus Hoferi Epizootic in Herring in the North Sea, the Skagerrak, the Kattegat and the Baltic Sea
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 04, 2021 An Ichthyophonus hoferi epizootic in herring in the North Sea, the Skagerrak, the Kattegat and the Baltic Sea Mellergaard, Stig; Spanggaard, Bettina Published in: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Link to article, DOI: 10.3354/dao028191 Publication date: 1997 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Mellergaard, S., & Spanggaard, B. (1997). An Ichthyophonus hoferi epizootic in herring in the North Sea, the Skagerrak, the Kattegat and the Baltic Sea. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 28(3), 191-199. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao028191 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Vol. 28: 191-199, 1997 Published March 27 Dis Aquat Org 1 An Ichthyophonus hoferi epizootic in herring in the North Sea, the Skagerrak, the Kattegat and the Baltic Sea 'Danish Institute of Fisheries Research, Department for Marine and Coastal Ecology. -
Piscirickettsiosis and Piscirickettsia Salmonis in Fish: a Review
Journal of Fish Diseases 2014, 37, 163–188 doi:10.1111/jfd.12211 Review Piscirickettsiosis and Piscirickettsia salmonis in fish: a review M Rozas1,2 and R Enrıquez3 1 Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile 2 Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Pathovet Ltd., Puerto Montt, Chile 3 Laboratory of Aquatic Pathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Animal Pathology Institute, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile prevention of and treatment for piscirickettsiosis Abstract are discussed. The bacterium Piscirickettsia salmonis is the aetio- Keywords: control, epidemiology, pathogenesis, logical agent of piscirickettsiosis a severe disease pathology, Piscirickettsia salmonis, piscirickettsiosis, that has caused major economic losses in the transmission. aquaculture industry since its appearance in 1989. Recent reports of P. salmonis or P. salmonis-like organisms in new fish hosts and geographical regions have increased interest in the bacterium. Introduction Because this gram-negative bacterium is still poorly understood, many relevant aspects of its Piscirickettsia salmonis was the first rickettsia-like life cycle, virulence and pathogenesis must be bacterium to be known as a fish pathogen (Fryer investigated before prophylactic procedures can be et al. 1992). Since the first reports of pisciricketts- properly designed. The development of effective iosis in Chile at the end of the 1980s, Piscirickett- control strategies for the disease has been limited sia-like bacteria have been frequently recognized due to a lack of knowledge about the biology, in various fish species farmed in fresh water and intracellular growth, transmission and virulence of sea water and have significantly affected the pro- the organism. Piscirickettsiosis has been difficult ductivity of aquaculture worldwide (Mauel & to control; the failure of antibiotic treatment is Miller 2002). -
International Response to Infectious Salmon Anemia: Prevention, Control, and Eradication: Proceedings of a Symposium; 3Ð4 September 2002; New Orleans, LA
United States Department of Agriculture International Response Animal and Plant Health to Infectious Salmon Inspection Service Anemia: Prevention, United States Department of the Interior Control, and Eradication U.S. Geological Survey United States Department of Commerce National Marine Fisheries Service Technical Bulletin No. 1902 The U.S. Departments of Agriculture (USDA), the Interior (USDI), and Commerce prohibit discrimination in all their programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326–W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250–9410 or call (202) 720–5964 (voice and TDD). USDA, USDI, and Commerce are equal opportunity providers and employers. The opinions expressed by individuals in this report do not necessarily represent the policies of USDA, USDI, or Commerce. Mention of companies or commercial products does not imply recommendation or endorsement by USDA, USDI, or Commerce over others not mentioned. The Federal Government neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of any product mentioned. Product names are mentioned solely to report factually on available data and to provide specific information. Photo credits: The background illustration on the front cover was supplied as a photo micrograph by Michael Opitz, of the University of Maine, and is reproduced by permission. -
Group of Microorganisms at the Animal-Fungal Boundary
16 Aug 2002 13:56 AR AR168-MI56-14.tex AR168-MI56-14.SGM LaTeX2e(2002/01/18) P1: GJC 10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160950 Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2002. 56:315–44 doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160950 First published online as a Review in Advance on May 7, 2002 THE CLASS MESOMYCETOZOEA: A Heterogeneous Group of Microorganisms at the Animal-Fungal Boundary Leonel Mendoza,1 John W. Taylor,2 and Libero Ajello3 1Medical Technology Program, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing Michigan, 48824-1030; e-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102; e-mail: [email protected] 3Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Atlanta Georgia 30333; e-mail: [email protected] Key Words Protista, Protozoa, Neomonada, DRIP, Ichthyosporea ■ Abstract When the enigmatic fish pathogen, the rosette agent, was first found to be closely related to the choanoflagellates, no one anticipated finding a new group of organisms. Subsequently, a new group of microorganisms at the boundary between an- imals and fungi was reported. Several microbes with similar phylogenetic backgrounds were soon added to the group. Interestingly, these microbes had been considered to be fungi or protists. This novel phylogenetic group has been referred to as the DRIP clade (an acronym of the original members: Dermocystidium, rosette agent, Ichthyophonus, and Psorospermium), as the class Ichthyosporea, and more recently as the class Mesomycetozoea. Two orders have been described in the mesomycetozoeans: the Der- mocystida and the Ichthyophonida. So far, all members in the order Dermocystida have been pathogens either of fish (Dermocystidium spp. -
1.2.13 Piscirickettsiosis - 1
1.2.13 Piscirickettsiosis - 1 1.2.13 Piscirickettsiosis Marcia L. House and John L. Fryer Center for Salmon Disease Research Department of Microbiology Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331-3804 [email protected] [email protected] A. Name of Disease and Etiological Agent 1. Name of Disease Piscirickettsiosis, salmonid rickettsial septicemia, coho salmon septicemia, and Huito disease. 2. Etiological Agent Piscirickettsia salmonis This organism is an intracellular rickettsial-like pathogen of fish that replicates within membrane- bound cytoplasmic vacuoles of infected cells. The bacterium is fastidious and does not grow on any known artificial media. It is distantly related to the genera Coxiella and Francisella, and is grouped with the gamma subdivision of the proteobacteria. J. L. Fryer and C. N. Lannan have suggested this bacterium be included in a new family Piscirickettsiaceae and the proposal for the family with the formal description will appear in volume 2, second edition of Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (expected publication date in 2002). B. Known Geographical Range and Host Species of the Disease 1. Geographical Range Isolated from salmonid fish in Chile, Ireland, Norway, and both the west and east coasts of Canada. 2. Host Species Piscirickettsiosis has been observed in or isolated from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), sakura salmon (O. masou), rainbow trout (O. mykiss), pink salmon (O. gorbuscha), and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Coho salmon appear most susceptible. Other species of fish may also be susceptible to this bacterium. August 2001 1.2.13 Piscirickettsiosis - 2 C. Epizootiology Piscirickettsiosis was initially described in 1989 from infected salmonids in Chile. -
Effects of Ichthyophonus on Survival and Reproductive Success of Yukon River Chinook Salmon
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Subsistence Management Fisheries Resource Monitoring Program Effects of Ichthyophonus on Survival and Reproductive Success of Yukon River Chinook Salmon Final Report for Study 01-200 Richard Kocan and Paul Hershberger* School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences, Box 355100 University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 Phone: 206-685-3275 e-mail: [email protected] and James Winton Western Fisheries Research Center, USGS-BRD, 6505 NE 65th Street, Seattle, WA 98115 Phone: 206-526-6587 e-mail: [email protected] July 2004 *Present Address: Marrowstone Marine Station, USGS-BRD, 616 Marrowstone Point Road, Nordland, WA 98358; Phone: 360-385-1007; e-mail: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract, keywords, and citation.……………………..……………………………. 4 Introduction………………………………………………………………………… 5 Objectives………………………………………………………………………….. 6 Methods………………………………………………….…………………………. 6 Results……………………………………………………..……………………….. 13 Discussion………………………………………………………………………….. 17 Summary…………………………………………………………………………… 24 Conclusions………………………………………………………………………… 24 Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………… 25 Literature cited……………………………………………..………………………. 25 Footnotes…………………………………………………………………………… 29 Figures Figure 1 Map of Alaska showing sample sites along the Yukon and Tanana Rivers………………………….……………….………………….… 30 Figure 2 Infection prevalence in male and female chinook salmon from the Yukon River mainstem all years combined.……….………….……. 31 Figure 3 Annual infection prevalence 1999-2002.…………………………… 32 Figure 4 Ichthyophonus infection -
D070p001.Pdf
DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Vol. 70: 1–36, 2006 Published June 12 Dis Aquat Org OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS FEATURE ARTICLE: REVIEW Guide to the identification of fish protozoan and metazoan parasites in stained tissue sections D. W. Bruno1,*, B. Nowak2, D. G. Elliott3 1FRS Marine Laboratory, PO Box 101, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK 2School of Aquaculture, Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute, CRC Aquafin, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia 3Western Fisheries Research Center, US Geological Survey/Biological Resources Discipline, 6505 N.E. 65th Street, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA ABSTRACT: The identification of protozoan and metazoan parasites is traditionally carried out using a series of classical keys based upon the morphology of the whole organism. However, in stained tis- sue sections prepared for light microscopy, taxonomic features will be missing, thus making parasite identification difficult. This work highlights the characteristic features of representative parasites in tissue sections to aid identification. The parasite examples discussed are derived from species af- fecting finfish, and predominantly include parasites associated with disease or those commonly observed as incidental findings in disease diagnostic cases. Emphasis is on protozoan and small metazoan parasites (such as Myxosporidia) because these are the organisms most likely to be missed or mis-diagnosed during gross examination. Figures are presented in colour to assist biologists and veterinarians who are required to assess host/parasite interactions by light microscopy. KEY WORDS: Identification · Light microscopy · Metazoa · Protozoa · Staining · Tissue sections Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher INTRODUCTION identifying the type of epithelial cells that compose the intestine. -
Common Diseases of Wild and Cultured Fishes in Alaska
COMMON DISEASES OF WILD AND CULTURED FISHES IN ALASKA Theodore Meyers, Tamara Burton, Collette Bentz and Norman Starkey July 2008 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Fish Pathology Laboratories The Alaska Department of Fish and Game printed this publication at a cost of $12.03 in Anchorage, Alaska, USA. 3 About This Booklet This booklet is a product of the Ichthyophonus Diagnostics, Educational and Outreach Program which was initiated and funded by the Yukon River Panel’s Restoration and Enhancement fund and facilitated by the Yukon River Drainage Fisheries Association in conjunction with the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. The original impetus driving the production of this booklet was from a concern that Yukon River fishers were discarding Canadian-origin Chinook salmon believed to be infected by Ichthyophonus. It was decided to develop an educational program that included the creation of a booklet containing photographs and descriptions of frequently encountered parasites within Yukon River fish. This booklet is to serve as a brief illustrated guide that lists many of the common parasitic, infectious, and noninfectious diseases of wild and cultured fish encountered in Alaska. The content is directed towards lay users, as well as fish culturists at aquaculture facilities and field biologists and is not a comprehensive treatise nor should it be considered a scientific document. Interested users of this guide are directed to the listed fish disease references for additional information. Information contained within this booklet is published from the laboratory records of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fish Pathology Section that has regulatory oversight of finfish health in the State of Alaska. -
Commercial Vaccines Do Not Confer Protection Against Two Genetic Strains of 2 Piscirickettsia Salmonis, LF-89-Like and EM-90-Like, in Atlantic Salmon
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.07.424493; this version posted January 8, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Commercial vaccines do not confer protection against two genetic strains of 2 Piscirickettsia salmonis, LF-89-like and EM-90-like, in Atlantic salmon. 3 Carolina Figueroa1, Débora Torrealba1, Byron Morales-Lange2, Luis Mercado2, Brian Dixon3, 4 Pablo Conejeros4, Gabriela Silva5, Carlos Soto5, José A. Gallardo1* 5 1Laboratorio de Genética y Genómica Aplicada, Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad 6 Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile 7 2Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos en Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia 8 Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile 9 3Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Recursos Naturales (CIGREN), Instituto de Biología, Facultad 10 de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile 11 4Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada 12 5Salmones Camanchaca, Diego Portales 2000, Puerto Montt, Chile 13 * Correspondence: 14 José A. Gallardo 15 [email protected] 16 Keywords: pentavalent vaccine, live attenuated vaccine, Piscirickettsiosis, Salmo salar, 17 cohabitation, sea lice, vaccine efficacy. 18 Abstract 19 In Atlantic salmon, vaccines have failed to control and prevent Piscirickettsiosis, for reasons that 20 remain elusive. In this study, we report the efficacy of a commercial vaccine developed with the 21 Piscirickettsia salmonis isolate AL100005 against other two isolates which are considered highly and 22 ubiquitously prevalent in Chile: LF-89-like and EM-90-like. -
Molecular Phylogeny of Choanoflagellates, the Sister Group to Metazoa
Molecular phylogeny of choanoflagellates, the sister group to Metazoa M. Carr*†, B. S. C. Leadbeater*‡, R. Hassan‡§, M. Nelson†, and S. L. Baldauf†¶ʈ †Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5YW, United Kingdom; and ‡School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom Edited by Andrew H. Knoll, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved August 28, 2008 (received for review February 28, 2008) Choanoflagellates are single-celled aquatic flagellates with a unique family. Members of the Acanthoecidae family (Norris 1965) are morphology consisting of a cell with a single flagellum surrounded by characterized by the most distinct periplast morphology. This a ‘‘collar’’ of microvilli. They have long interested evolutionary biol- consists of a complex basket-like lorica constructed in a precise and ogists because of their striking resemblance to the collared cells highly reproducible manner from ribs (costae) composed of rod- (choanocytes) of sponges. Molecular phylogeny has confirmed a close shaped silica strips (Fig. 1 E and F) (13). The Acanthoecidae family relationship between choanoflagellates and Metazoa, and the first is further subdivided into nudiform (Fig. 1E) and tectiform (Fig. 1F) choanoflagellate genome sequence has recently been published. species, based on the morphology of the lorica, the stage in the cell However, molecular phylogenetic studies within choanoflagellates cycle when the silica strips are produced, the location at which the are still extremely limited. Thus, little is known about choanoflagel- strips are stored, and the mode of cell division [supporting infor- late evolution or the exact nature of the relationship between mation (SI) Text] (14). -
An Unusual Form of Ichthyophonus Hoferi (Ichthyophonales: Ichthyophonaceae) from Yellowtail Flounder Limanda Ferruginea from the Nova Scotia Shelf
DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Vol. 18: 21-28.1994 Published January 27 Dis. aquat. Org. I An unusual form of Ichthyophonus hoferi (Ichthyophonales: Ichthyophonaceae) from yellowtail flounder Limanda ferruginea from the Nova Scotia shelf Thomas G. Rand Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3C3 ABSTRACT: An unusual form of Ichthyophonus hoferi is described from 12 of 254 (4.7 %) yellowtail flounder Limanda ferruginea Storer sampled from Brown's Bank on the Nova Scotia shelf This patho- gen was the cause of focal, circular to lobate, creamy-white lesions on the liver and kidneys of infected fishes. By virtue of its morphological and dimensional characteristics in the fish tissues, the histochem- ical profile of its thallus walls, and its development in vitro, this form was easily distinguished from I. hoferi sensu Plehn & Mulsow, 1911 from yellowtail flounder from other locations on the Nova Scotia shelf, and from other freshwater and marine fish species. However, gross signs of the infection, as well as the morphological, dimensional, andor histochemical features of this form of I. hoferi were so re- markably similar to those of an 'I. hoferi pathogen from L. ferruginea, Myxocephalus octodecemspino- sus, and Scomber scombrus described in the literature, and to an Ichthyophonus-type pathogen from Scopelogadus beanii, as to suggest that they are the same. KEY WORDS: Ichthyophonus hoferi . Yellowtail flounder. Northwest Atlantic . Limanda ferrugjnea INTRODUCTION effects and that the reported forms are a single species, namely Ichthyophonus hoferi sensu Plehn & Mulsow, Ichthyophonus hoferi Plehn & Mulsow, 1911 has 1911. However, Alderman (1976, 1982), Johnson & been reported from a wide variety of host species Sparrow (1961), MacKenzie (1979), and Neish & including crustaceans (see Reichenbach-Klinke 1957, Hughes (1980) have suggested that the genus Sindermann 1970), fishes (see Reichenbach-Klincke Ichthyophonus and especially I.