Examine the Condition of Our Nation's Bridges Hearing
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S. HRG. 110–1154 EXAMINE THE CONDITION OF OUR NATION’S BRIDGES HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION SEPTEMBER 20, 2007 Printed for the use of the Committee on Environment and Public Works ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.fdsys.gpo.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 73–570 PDF WASHINGTON : 2012 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION BARBARA BOXER, California, Chairman MAX BAUCUS, Montana JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Connecticut JOHN W. WARNER, Virginia THOMAS R. CARPER, Delaware GEORGE V. VOINOVICH, Ohio HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON, New York JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey DAVID VITTER, Louisiana BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming1 BERNARD SANDERS, Vermont LARRY E. CRAIG, Idaho AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota LAMAR ALEXANDER, Tennessee SHELDON WHITEHOUSE, Rhode Island CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri BETTINA POIRIER, Majority Staff Director and Chief Counsel ANDREW WHEELER, Minority Staff Director 1Note: During the 110th Congress, Senator Craig Thomas, of Wyoming, passed away on June 4, 2007. Senator John Barrasso, of Wyoming, joined the committee on July 10, 2007. (II) CONTENTS Page SEPTEMBER 20, 2007 OPENING STATEMENTS Boxer, Hon. Barbara, U.S. Senator from the State of California ....................... 11 Inhofe, Hon. James M., U.S. Senator from the State of Oklahoma ................... 12 Lieberman, Hon. Joseph I., U.S. Senator from the State of Connecticut .......... 14 Isakson, Hon. Johnny, U.S. Senator from the State of Georgia ......................... 15 Carper, Hon. Thomas R., U.S. Senator from the State of Delaware ................. 16 Barrasso, Hon. John, U.S. Senator from the State of Wyoming ........................ 18 Lautenberg, Hon. Frank R., U.S. Senator from the State of New Jersey ......... 18 Alexander, Hon. Lamar, U.S. Senator from the State of Tennessee ................. 19 Sanders, Hon. Bernie R., U.S. Senator from the State of Vermont ................... 21 Bond, Hon. Christopher, U.S. Senator from the State of Missouri ..................... 105 Whitehouse, Hon. Sheldon, U.S. Senator from the State of Rhode Island ......... 105 WITNESSES Klobuchar, Hon. Amy, U.S. Senator from the State of Minnesota .................... 2 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 4 Coleman, Hon. Norm, U.S. Senator from the State of Minnesota ..................... 6 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 9 Peters, Hon. Mary E., U.S. Department of Transportation ................................. 22 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 24 Responses to additional questions from: Senator Boxer ............................................................................................ 29 Senator Cardin .......................................................................................... 29 Senator Lieberman .................................................................................... 30 Senator Inhofe ........................................................................................... 32 Scovel, Calvin L. III, Inspector General, U.S. Department of Transportation ... 34 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 37 Responses to additional questions from: Senator Cardin .......................................................................................... 55 Senator Lieberman .................................................................................... 56 Senator Inhofe ........................................................................................... 56 Steudle, Kirk T., Director and CEO, Michigan Department of Transportation on Behalf of the American Association of State Highway and Transpor- tation Officials ...................................................................................................... 73 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 75 Responses to additional questions from: Senator Cardin .......................................................................................... 87 Senator Lieberman .................................................................................... 88 Herrmann, Andrew, P.E., Managing Partner, Hardesty and Hanover, on Be- half of the American Society of Civil Engineers ................................................ 90 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 92 Responses to additional questions from: Senator Cardin .......................................................................................... 97 Senator Lieberman .................................................................................... 98 Senator Inhofe ........................................................................................... 99 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL Statements: Frevert, Larry W., P.E., President, American Public Works Association .... 106 (III) IV Page —Continued The Associated General Contractors of America ........................................... 108 Letter, Brassard, Trini, Special Projects Manager, State of Vermont Oper- ations Division, Vermont Agency of Transportation ......................................... 111 Map, Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Structurally Deficient Bridges on the National Highway System Georgia ........................................... 112 Chart, Bridge Condition Rating Categories ........................................................... 113 EXAMINE THE CONDITION OF OUR NATION’S BRIDGES THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 2007 U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS, Washington, DC. The full committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10 a.m. in room 406, Senate Dirksen Building, the Hon. Barbara Boxer (chairman of the committee) presiding. Present: Senators Boxer, Inhofe, Lieberman, Carper, Lautenberg, Cardin, Sanders, Klobuchar, Warner, Isakson, Vitter, Craig, Alex- ander, Bond, and Barrasso. Also present, Senator Coleman. Senator BOXER. The meeting shall come to order. I welcome you all here. What we are going to do, Senator Inhofe and I have discussed this, is we are going to do something a little different. Because we have this business meeting, we need 10, and we are up to 9. So as soon as we get the tenth, we will just pause for a moment from our very important hearing and get the business meeting over with. I don’t think there is anything controversial in it. It is just a question of going through the motions. What I would like to do because this hearing is so important and I so appreciate everyone being here, we are going to look at the condition of our Nation’s bridges. Of course, for those who may not know this, it includes the overpasses as well. The highway over- passes are included in the definition of bridges. Because during the evening rush hour on August 1st, the I–35 West bridge in Minneapolis collapsed, sending dozens of cars into the Mississippi River, we all focused and prayed for that tragedy to cause minimal loss of life. Sadly, 13 people lost their lives, but it did serve as an urgent wake-up call to us that we cannot neglect our Nation’s infrastructure. Senator Klobuchar has been talking to me since the minute that happened to have this type of hearing, and we are very pleased that she and Senator Coleman are here. Rather than call on all of us first, I thought I would do some- thing a little different and ask Senator Klobuchar to give her open- ing remarks, then Senator Coleman. At that point, we will continue in the regular order. So, Senator Klobuchar. (1) 2 STATEMENT OF HON. AMY KLOBUCHAR, U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF MINNESOTA Senator KLOBUCHAR. Well, thank you, Chairman Boxer and thank you, Senator Coleman, for joining us today and thank you for holding this important hearing. The horrific collapse of the I–35W bridge has provoked concern among all Americans, not just Minnesotans, that the bridges they drive across each day may not be safe. As I said the day after our bridge collapsed, in America, a bridge just shouldn’t fall down especially not an eight-lane interstate high- way, especially not one of the most heavily traveled bridges in the State, especially not at the rush hour in the heart of a major met- ropolitan area, but the I–35W bridge in Minneapolis did fall down on August 1st. From what we know so far, this wasn’t a bridge over troubled waters. It was a troubled bridge over waters. I can’t even begin to count the many times that my husband, my daughter and I drove across the I–35W bridge. That bridge was not just in back yard. It was in my front yard. It was eight blocks from our house. It was one of the most heavily traveled bridges in our State. An estimated 140,000 vehicles crossed that bridge every day, and our State’s economy loses an estimated $400,000 in revenue each day the bridge cannot be used. When I watched what unfolded that night, I was shocked