What Does TURKEY Think?
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Identity, Narrative and Frames: Assessing Turkey's Kurdish Initiatives
ARTICLE IDENTITY, NARRATIVE AND FRAMES: ASSESSING TURKEY’S KURDISH INITIATIVES Identity, Narrative and Frames: Assessing Turkey’s Kurdish Initiatives JOHANNA NYKÄNEN* ABSTRACT In 2009 the Turkish government launched a novel initiative to tackle the Kurdish question. The initiative soon ran into deadlock, only to be un- tangled towards the end of 2012 when a new policy was announced. This comparative paper adopts Michael Barnett’s trinity of identity, narratives and frames to show how a cultural space within which a peaceful engage- ment with the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) would be deemed legiti- mate and desirable was carved out. Comparisons between the two policies reveal that the framing of policy narratives can have a formative impact on their outcomes. The paper demonstrates how the governing quality of firmness fluctuated between different connotations and references, finally leading back to a deep-rooted tradition in Turkish governance. ince 1984 when the PKK commenced its armed struggle against the Turkish state, Turkish security policies have been framed around the SKurdish question with the PKK presented as the primary security threat to be tackled. Turkey’s Kurdish question has its roots in the founding of the republic in 1923, which saw Kurdish ethnicity assimilated with Turkishness. In accordance with the Treaty of Lausanne (1923), only three minorities were and continue to be officially recognized in Turkey: Armenians, Jews and Greeks. These three groups were granted minority status on the basis of their religion. Kurdish identity – whether national, racial or ethnic – was not recognized by the republic, resulting in decades of uprisings by the Kurds and oppressive and * Department assimilative politics by the state. -
Northeast Asia: Obstacles to Regional Integration the Interests of the European Union
Zentrum für Europäische Integrationsforschung Center for European Integration Studies Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Discussion Paper Ludger Kühnhardt Northeast Asia: Obstacles to Regional Integration The Interests of the European Union ISSN 1435-3288 ISBN 3-936183-52-X Zentrum für Europäische Integrationsforschung Center for European Integration Studies Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Walter-Flex-Straße 3 Tel.: +49-228-73-4952 D-53113 Bonn Fax: +49-228-73-1788 C152 Germany http: //www.zei.de 2005 Prof. Dr. Ludger Kühnhardt, born 1958, is Director at the Center for European Integration Studies (ZEI). Between 1991 and 1997 he was Professor of Political Science at Freiburg University, where he also served as Dean of his Faculty. After studies of history, philosophy and political science at Bonn, Geneva, Tokyo and Harvard, Kühnhardt wrote a dissertation on the world refugee problem and a second thesis (Habilitation) on the universality of human rights. He was speechwriter for Germany’s Federal President Richard von Weizsäcker and visiting professor at various universities all over the world. His recent publications include: Europäische Union und föderale Idee, Munich 1993; Revolutionszeiten. Das Umbruchjahr 1989 im geschichtlichen Zusammenhang, Munich 1994 (Turkish edition 2003); Von der ewigen Suche nach Frieden. Immanuel Kants Vision und Europas Wirklichkeit, Bonn 1996; Beyond divisions and after. Essays on democracy, the Germans and Europe, New York/Frankfurt a.M. 1996; (with Hans-Gert Pöttering) Kontinent Europa, Zurich 1998 (Czech edition 2000); Zukunftsdenker. Bewährte Ideen politischer Ordnung für das dritte Jahrtausend, Baden-Baden 1999; Von Deutschland nach Europa. Geistiger Zusammenhalt und außenpoliti- scher Kontext, Baden-Baden 2000; Constituting Europe, Baden- Baden 2003. -
Defensive Bids Action After Opponents Intervene With
OPENING Point Min. CONVENTIONAL SPECIAL Direct Protective 4 bids X=Values BIDS Range Length MEANING RESPONSES 2NT Game Force 2 suiter 1♣ 10+ 4 Inverted Minor raises MULTI 2NT=16-18 Bal; X=13/15 or 20+ 1♦ 10+ 4 Inverted Minor raises 1♥ 10+ 4 ACTION AFTER OPPONENTS INTERVENE WITH 1♠ 10+ 4 Simple Overcall Double Negative to 3S Bids Natural 1NT 10-14 - Balanced 4card (non- prom) Stayman; Jump Overcall Double Negative to 3S Bids Natural 2 23+ - Game Force 2H=Negative; ♣ Double Redoubl New suit Jump in new suit Jump raise 2NT e 2♦ Multi - Weak Major/Strong 2H=Relay; Minor / 21-22 Bal 2NT=Forcing Enquiry 10+ pts Nat & Force Pre-empt Raise to 3 2♥ 18+ 6 Acol Strong 2 2♠ 18+ 6 Acol Strong 2 2NT 19-20 - Balanced 5 card Puppet Stayman; Transfers; 3 bids 6-10 7 Pre-empt 3♣ - solid 7 card suit 3NT 8 card broken minor 4 bids 8+ 7 Stronger Pre-empt DEFENSIVE BIDS OVER- Meaning OPPONENT Defensive Methods CALLS S OPEN Simple Natural Strong 1♣ X=C;2C=Majors;1NT=Minors Jump Roman Jump Overcalls Weak 1NT Woolsey Cue Strong take out Strong 1NT DONT Bid Direct Protective 1 NT 15-17 11-14 Weak 2 Natural Responses Stayman; Transfers Weak 3 X=Takeout When Discarding Reverse Attitude SLAM CONVENTIONS Meaning of Responses Action over Exceptions to above Suit preference when necessary interference Name: Roman Keycard 5C=0/3;5D=1/4;5H=2;5s=2+Q of trumps D0P1 Gerber 4C (Ask) R0P1 Other Conventions: Unassuming Cue bids Cue Bids Splinters Checkback Lebensohl OPENING v suit 2nd & LEADS contracts 4th ........................................ -
EUU Alm.Del Offentligt Referat Offentligt
Europaudvalget 2011-12 EUU Alm.del Offentligt referat Offentligt Europaudvalget REFERAT AF 30. EUROPAUDVALGSMØDE Dato: Torsdag den 3. maj 2012 Tidspunkt: Kl. 10.30 Sted: Vær. 2-133 Til stede: Jens Joel (S), Rasmus Helveg Petersen (RV), Nikolaj Villumsen (EL), Finn Sørensen (EL), Lykke Friis (V), Jakob Ellemann-Jensen (V), Pia Adelsteen (DF) fungerende formand, Merete Riisager (LA), Lene Espersen (KF) Desuden deltog: Børne- og undervisningsminister Christine Antorini, ud- viklingsminister Christian Friis Bach, europaminister Nico- lai Wammen og kulturminister Uffe Elbæk Pia Adelsteen ledede mødet FO Punkt 1. Rådsmøde nr. 3164 (uddannelse, ungdom, kultur og sport – uddannelses- og ungdomsdelen) den 10.-11. maj 2012 Under dette punkt på Europaudvalgets dagsorden forelagde børne- og under- visningsministeren punkt 1-4 på dagsordenen for rådsmødet. De øvrige punk- ter på rådsmødet blev forelagt af kulturministeren under punkt 4 på Euro- paudvalgets dagsorden. Undervisningsministeren: Det er jo ikke så tit, jeg har fornøjelsen af at komme her i Europaudvalget. Det er dejligt, at det sker som led i det danske formand- skab. Jeg vil i dag forelægge punkterne på rådsmødet for uddannelse og ungdom, der finder sted på næste fredag, den 11. maj 2012. Jeg forelægger én sag til forhandlingsoplæg. Det er det første punkt om Erasmus for Alle. De to øvrige sager forelægger jeg til orientering. Uddannelse FO 1. Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning om oprettelse af Erasmus for Alle – EU-programmet for uddannelse, ungdom og idræt – Delvis generel indstilling KOM (2011) 0788 Rådsmøde 3164 – bilag 1 (samlenotat side 2) KOM (2011) 0788 – bilag 2 (grundnotat af 25/1-2012) 1093 30. Europaudvalgsmøde 3/5-12 Undervisningsministeren: Kommissionen fremsatte i november sidste år for- slag til et integreret EU-program for uddannelse, ungdom og idræt. -
74. Møde Ken Denne Eller Næste Valgperiode, Hvordan Har Man Så Tænkt Sig at Onsdag Den 14
Onsdag den 14. april 2010 (D) 1 6) Til beskæftigelsesministeren af: Simon Emil Ammitzbøll (LA): Når regeringen ikke vil være med til at afskaffe efterlønnen i hver- 74. møde ken denne eller næste valgperiode, hvordan har man så tænkt sig at Onsdag den 14. april 2010 kl. 13.00 løse den demografiske og økonomiske udfordring? (Spm. nr. S 1806). Dagsorden 7) Til beskæftigelsesministeren af: Simon Emil Ammitzbøll (LA): 1) Spørgsmål til ministrene til umiddelbar besvarelse (spørgeti- Mener ministeren, at det er mere værdigt at være på efterløn end på me). førtidspension? (Spm. nr. S 1807). 2) Besvarelse af oversendte spørgsmål til ministrene (spørgetid). (Se nedenfor). 8) Til beskæftigelsesministeren af: Bjarne Laustsen (S): Hvordan vil ministeren sikre, at f.eks. en hustru, der har arbejdet i sin ægtefælles virksomhed, men er blevet opsagt og reelt fratrådt, 1) Til indenrigs- og sundhedsministeren af: som står til rådighed, er aktivt jobsøgende og har betalt sit kontin- Liselott Blixt (DF): gent, kan få understøttelse? Hvordan stiller ministeren sig til forslaget fra Kræftens Bekæmpelse, (Spm. nr. S 1822). der har foreslået, at det fremover skal være patienten selv og ikke den behandlende læge, der indstiller til second opinion? 9) Til beskæftigelsesministeren af: (Spm. nr. S 1820). Bjarne Laustsen (S): Hvorfor sikrer ministeren ikke, at jobcentrene stiller samme krav til, 2) Til indenrigs- og sundhedsministeren af: når de langt om længe har bevilget arbejdsløse en voksenlærlingeud- Liselott Blixt (DF): dannelse, for så vidt angår krav om jobsøgning, rådighed og betaling Hvad er ministerens holdning til, at Region Sjælland er en betragte- i skolepraktikperioden? lig mere »usund« region end de andre regioner, og bør der iværksæt- (Spm. -
Reconciling Statism with Freedom: Turkey's Kurdish Opening
Reconciling Statism with Freedom Turkey’s Kurdish Opening Halil M. Karaveli SILK ROAD PAPER October 2010 Reconciling Statism with Freedom Turkey’s Kurdish Opening Halil M. Karaveli © Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program – A Joint Transatlantic Research and Policy Center Johns Hopkins University-SAIS, 1619 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, D.C. 20036 Institute for Security and Development Policy, V. Finnbodav. 2, Stockholm-Nacka 13130, Sweden www.silkroadstudies.org “Reconciling Statism with Freedom: Turkey’s Kurdish Opening” is a Silk Road Paper published by the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and the Silk Road Studies Program. The Silk Road Papers Series is the Occasional Paper series of the Joint Center, and ad- dresses topical and timely subjects. The Joint Center is a transatlantic independent and non-profit research and policy center. It has offices in Washington and Stockholm and is affiliated with the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies of Johns Hopkins University and the Stockholm-based Institute for Security and Development Policy. It is the first institution of its kind in Europe and North America, and is firmly established as a leading research and policy center, serving a large and diverse commu- nity of analysts, scholars, policy-watchers, business leaders, and journalists. The Joint Center is at the forefront of research on issues of conflict, security, and development in the region. Through its applied research, publications, research cooperation, public lec- tures, and seminars, it functions as a focal point for academic, policy, and public dis- cussion regarding the region. The opinions and conclusions expressed in this study are those of the authors only, and do not necessarily reflect those of the Joint Center or its sponsors. -
1944 Pan-Turanism Movements: from Cultural Nationalism to Political Nationalism
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ MANAGEMENT AND EDUCATION TOM V (3) 2009 VOL. V (3) 2009 1944 PAN-TURANISM MOVEMENTS: FROM CULTURAL NATIONALISM TO POLITICAL NATIONALISM A. Baran Dural ДВИЖЕНИЕТО ПАН-ТУРАНИЗЪМ 1944 г.: ОТ КУЛТУРЕН НАЦИОНАЛИЗЪМ КЪМ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИ НАЦИОНАЛИЗЪМ А. Баран Дурал ABSTRACT: The trial of Turanism in 1944 has a historical importance in terms of nationalism being an ac- tionary movement in Turkish history. When socialism turned out to be a dreadful ideology by getting reactions all over the world, there would not be any more natural attitude than that intellectuals coming from an educa- tion system full of nationalist proposals conflicted with this movement. However, that the same intellectuals crashed the logic of the government saying “if needed, we bring communism, then we deal with it without the help of anyone” was really a dramatic paradox. Movements of Turkism on 3rd of May did not curb the movement of Turkism, on the contrary, the transformation the government avoided most happened and supporters of Turk- ism spread to all parts of the country by politicizing. While Nihal Atsız, one of the nationalist leaders of the time- was summarizing results taken out from the trial process by his ideology, he could not even be regarded unjust in his remarks saying “The 3rd of May became a turning point in the history of Turkism. Turkism, which was only a thought and emotion and which could not go beyond literary and scientific borders, became a movement sud- denly on the 3rd of May, 1944”. Keywords: Turanism Movements, Turk nationalism, one-party ideology, Nihal Atsız, socialism, racism. -
Global Philanthropy Forum Conference April 18–20 · Washington, Dc
GLOBAL PHILANTHROPY FORUM CONFERENCE APRIL 18–20 · WASHINGTON, DC 2017 Global Philanthropy Forum Conference This book includes transcripts from the plenary sessions and keynote conversations of the 2017 Global Philanthropy Forum Conference. The statements made and views expressed are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of GPF, its participants, World Affairs or any of its funders. Prior to publication, the authors were given the opportunity to review their remarks. Some have made minor adjustments. In general, we have sought to preserve the tone of these panels to give the reader a sense of the Conference. The Conference would not have been possible without the support of our partners and members listed below, as well as the dedication of the wonderful team at World Affairs. Special thanks go to the GPF team—Suzy Antounian, Bayanne Alrawi, Laura Beatty, Noelle Germone, Deidre Graham, Elizabeth Haffa, Mary Hanley, Olivia Heffernan, Tori Hirsch, Meghan Kennedy, DJ Latham, Jarrod Sport, Geena St. Andrew, Marla Stein, Carla Thorson and Anna Wirth—for their work and dedication to the GPF, its community and its mission. STRATEGIC PARTNERS Newman’s Own Foundation USAID The David & Lucile Packard The MasterCard Foundation Foundation Anonymous Skoll Foundation The Rockefeller Foundation Skoll Global Threats Fund Margaret A. Cargill Foundation The Walton Family Foundation Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation The World Bank IFC (International Finance SUPPORTING MEMBERS Corporation) The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust MEMBERS Conrad N. Hilton Foundation Anonymous Humanity United Felipe Medina IDB Omidyar Network Maja Kristin Sall Family Foundation MacArthur Foundation Qatar Foundation International Charles Stewart Mott Foundation The Global Philanthropy Forum is a project of World Affairs. -
The Cole Collection
THE COLE COLLECTION If you would like more information on the collection or would like to access one of the documents, please send an email to [email protected] with the accompanying file number. A Zoryan Institute representative will get back to you within 48 hours. _________________________________________________________ THE COLE COLLECTION Journals, Letters, Lectures, Documents, Photographs, and Artifacts of Royal M. Cole and Lizzie C. Cole American Missionaries in Armenian and Kurdistan Turkey in the years 1868-1908 (c) 1996, M. Malicoat --------------- TABLE OF CONTENTS --------------- I. Royal Cole's journals: (a) Bound copy-book journals . p. 1 (b) Three smaller journals: 1. ‘Erzeroom Journal: War Times, 1877 - 1878’ . p. 7 2. ‘Travel Reminiscences’ . p. 7 3. Royal Cole’s personal diary of 1896: events at Bitlis, Van, and Moush; the Knapp affair: the persecution of American missionaries; relief work for Garjgan refugees . p. 7 II. Royal Cole’s copy-book journals: loose sheets: (a) Handwritten . p. 8 (b) Typed . p. 12 III. Drafts and notes for two projected volumes by Rev. Cole: (a) Dr. Cole’s Memoirs: ‘Interior Turkey Reminiscences, Forty Years in Kourdistan (Armenia)’ . p. 14 (b) ‘The Siege of Erzroom’; miscellaneous notes on The Russo-Turkish War . p. 15 IV. Newspaper articles by Royal Cole; miscellaneous newspaper articles on the subject of Armenian Turkey, in English, by various writers . p. 16 V. Lectures, essays, and letters by Mrs. Cole (Lizzie Cobleigh Cole) (a) Lectures . p. 17 (b) Copy-book journal loose-sheet essays and copy-book journal entries . p. 19 (c) Letters . p. 20 VI. Massacres in the Bitlis and Van provinces, 1894 - 1896: Sasun; Ghelieguzan; Moush; Garjgan sancak: charts, lists, maps . -
Hall of Fame Takes Five
Friday, July 24, 2009 Volume 81, Number 1 Daily Bulletin Washington, DC 81st Summer North American Bridge Championships Editors: Brent Manley and Paul Linxwiler Hall of Fame takes five Hall of Fame inductee Mark Lair, center, with Mike Passell, left, and Eddie Wold. Sportsman of the Year Peter Boyd with longtime (right) Aileen Osofsky and her son, Alan. partner Steve Robinson. If standing ovations could be converted to masterpoints, three of the five inductees at the Defenders out in top GNT flight Bridge Hall of Fame dinner on Thursday evening The District 14 team captained by Bob sixth, Bill Kent, is from Iowa. would be instant contenders for the Barry Crane Top Balderson, holding a 1-IMP lead against the They knocked out the District 9 squad 500. defending champions with 16 deals to play, won captained by Warren Spector (David Berkowitz, Time after time, members of the audience were the fourth quarter 50-9 to advance to the round of Larry Cohen, Mike Becker, Jeff Meckstroth and on their feet, applauding a sterling new class for the eight in the Grand National Teams Championship Eric Rodwell). The team was seeking a third ACBL Hall of Fame. Enjoying the accolades were: Flight. straight win in the event. • Mark Lair, many-time North American champion Five of the six team members are from All four flights of the GNT – including Flights and one of ACBL’s top players. Minnesota – Bob and Cynthia Balderson, Peggy A, B and C – will play the round of eight today. • Aileen Osofsky, ACBL Goodwill chair for nearly Kaplan, Carol Miner and Paul Meerschaert. -
Global Turkey in Europe. Political, Economic, and Foreign Policy
ISSN 2239-2122 9 IAI Research Papers The EU is changing, Turkey too, and - above all - there is systemic change and crisis all G round, ranging from economics, the spread of democratic norms and foreign policy. LOBAL The IAI Research Papers are brief monographs written by one or N.1 European Security and the Future of Transatlantic Relations, This research paper explores how the EU and Turkey can enhance their cooperation in more authors (IAI or external experts) on current problems of inter- T edited by Riccardo Alcaro and Erik Jones, 2011 URKEY GLOBAL TURKEY national politics and international relations. The aim is to promote the political, economic, and foreign policy domains and how they can find a way out of the stalemate EU-Turkey relations have reached with the lack of progress in accession greater and more up to date knowledge of emerging issues and N. 2 Democracy in the EU after the Lisbon Treaty, IN trends and help prompt public debate. edited by Raaello Matarazzo, 2011 negotiations and the increasing uncertainty over both the future of the European project E after the Eurozone crisis and Turkey’s role in it. UROPE IN EUROPE N. 3 The Challenges of State Sustainability in the Mediterranean, edited by Silvia Colombo and Nathalie Tocci, 2011 A non-profit organization, IAI was founded in 1965 by Altiero Spinel- li, its first director. N. 4 Re-thinking Western Policies in Light of the Arab Uprisings, SENEM AYDIN-DÜZGIT is Assistant Professor at the Istanbul Bilgi University and Senior POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND FOREIGN POLICY edited by Riccardo Alcaro and Miguel Haubrich-Seco, 2012 Research Affiliate of the Istanbul Policy Centre (IPC). -
Turkey's Deep State
#1.12 PERSPECTIVES Political analysis and commentary from Turkey FEATURE ARTICLES TURKEY’S DEEP STATE CULTURE INTERNATIONAL POLITICS ECOLOGY AKP’s Cultural Policy: Syria: The Case of the Seasonal Agricultural Arts and Censorship “Arab Spring” Workers in Turkey Pelin Başaran Transforming into the Sidar Çınar Page 28 “Arab Revolution” Page 32 Cengiz Çandar Page 35 TURKEY REPRESENTATION Content Editor’s note 3 ■ Feature articles: Turkey’s Deep State Tracing the Deep State, Ayşegül Sabuktay 4 The Deep State: Forms of Domination, Informal Institutions and Democracy, Mehtap Söyler 8 Ergenekon as an Illusion of Democratization, Ahmet Şık 12 Democratization, revanchism, or..., Aydın Engin 16 The Near Future of Turkey on the Axis of the AKP-Gülen Movement, Ruşen Çakır 18 Counter-Guerilla Becoming the State, the State Becoming the Counter-Guerilla, Ertuğrul Mavioğlu 22 Is the Ergenekon Case an Opportunity or a Handicap? Ali Koç 25 The Dink Murder and State Lies, Nedim Şener 28 ■ Culture Freedom of Expression in the Arts and the Current State of Censorship in Turkey, Pelin Başaran 31 ■ Ecology Solar Energy in Turkey: Challenges and Expectations, Ateş Uğurel 33 A Brief Evaluation of Seasonal Agricultural Workers in Turkey, Sidar Çınar 35 ■ International Politics Syria: The Case of the “Arab Spring” Transforming into the “Arab Revolution”, Cengiz Çandar 38 Turkey/Iran: A Critical Move in the Historical Competition, Mete Çubukçu 41 ■ Democracy 4+4+4: Turning the Education System Upside Down, Aytuğ Şaşmaz 43 “Health Transformation Program” and the 2012 Turkey Health Panorama, Mustafa Sütlaş 46 How Multi-Faceted are the Problems of Freedom of Opinion and Expression in Turkey?, Şanar Yurdatapan 48 Crimes against Humanity and Persistent Resistance against Cruel Policies, Nimet Tanrıkulu 49 ■ News from hbs 53 Heinrich Böll Stiftung – Turkey Representation The Heinrich Böll Stiftung, associated with the German Green Party, is a legally autonomous and intellectually open political foundation.