Boston University Center Annual Report 2020 Reliable deep learning for biomedical microscopy. Assistant Professor Lei Tian and collaborators developed a new Bayesian deep learning framework for computational phase microscopy that enables uncertainty quantification of the neural network predicted results, which in turn assesses the reliability of the prediction, identify system aberrations, prevents “hallucination,” as well as to detect novel and rare biological phenomena. Reprinted/Adapted with permission from Yujia Xue, Shiyi Cheng, Yunzhe Li, and Lei Tian. “Reliable deep- learning-based phase imaging with uncertainty quantification,” Optica, 2019, 6(5), 618-629. © .

(Front Cover: A photo of the BU Photonics Center. Photo Credit: Vernon Doucette) Letter from the Director GREAT RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES are differentiated by the areas of specialization in which they choose to excel. Next year the Boston University Photonics Center community celebrates its twenty-fifth year as a sustained, prominent peak in the University’s research profile. Our community continues to thrive in all aspects of academic life, including production of scholarly works, leadership of major research grants, engagement with business innovators, and training of students at all levels. This annual report summarizes activities of the Photonics Center for the 2019- 2020 academic year. In it, you will find quantitative and descriptive information regarding our photonics programs in research, education, and technology development. Over the past year the income from grants that were awarded to Photonics Center faculty totaled about $38M, another record achievement. This increase in grant support has strengthened our capacity to train students, make innovative discoveries, and impact society. Located at the heart of Boston University’s urban campus, the Photonics Next year the Boston Center is an interdisciplinary hub for education, research, scholarship, innovation, and University Photonics technology development associated with practical uses of light. Our nine-story building houses world-class research facilities and shared laboratories dedicated to photonics Center community research and sustains the work of 49 active (and 7 emeritus) faculty members, 13 staff celebrates its twenty- members, and more than 100 graduate students and postdoctoral fellows. fifth year as a On its foundation as a leading Boston University institution, the Photonics Center has adopted a mission to help to establish and support newer research centers sustained, prominent and university initiatives in allied fields.We routinely provide critical resources, peak in the infrastructure, and support for the creation of new units such as the Materials Science Division and for the Neurophotonics Center, and we help win and University’s research manage a portfolio of major research and training grants that have catalyzed profile. transformative growth in prominent research programs such as the Biological Design Center, the Precision Diagnostics Center, and the Center for Systems Neuroscience. Our Business Innovation Center, which has always been a hub for industry engagement at Boston University, is poised to become an asset for the recently established Office of Industry Engagement. This year, the Photonics Center began developing a new strategic plan. The worldwide pandemic has slowed our progress in that planning activity and has delayed our scheduled Center review until 2021. However, I did have the opportunity this year to meet with all of the Center’s faculty and staff to gather feedback and to discuss strategic initiatives that would be both forward-looking and bold. We know with certainty that our next strategic plan will be anchored by continuing commitments to leadership in academic achievement, innovative research, and immersive interdisciplinary training. I look forward to working with our community to complete this activity in the coming year.

Thomas Bifano, Director BU Photonics Center Annual Report 2020

1 | By the Numbers

2 | Highlights of FY20

5 | Photonics Center Articles

14 | Mission Statement

15 | Strategic Goals: Projects and Their Rationale

17 | Educational Programs and Initiatives

18 | Business Innovation Center

21 | Events and Programs

24 | Facilities and Equipment

26 | Strategic Goals

27 | Scholarly Work of the Photonics Center Faculty

38 | Faculty List

42 | Faculty Committees

43 | Ph.D. Graduates and Their Dissertation Titles

44 | Leadership and Staff

46 | List of Awarded Grants BY THE NUMBERS 12 Innovation Center Companies 197 archival publications $27M FY20 research expenditures 4 shared labs

faculty members56 from 122 funded R&D projects

with departments11 $37.9M funding for R&D

13 representing 35PIs and staff members

33 center news posts 201 proposals submitted for

$47M events32+

All figures reflect FY20 data.

BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 1 Highlights of FY20

• Photonics Center Management, is the Director of This year, the annual Photonics Continues to Play a Student Engagement. She also Center Symposium focused on Prominent Role in $20M manages ERC safety training. Enabling Precision Medicine Five-Year NSF CELL-MET Photonics Center staff member through Innovations in ERC Project Cynthia Kowal is Senior Team Biophotonics. Professor Ji- Associate where she manages Xin Cheng chaired the full-day Research and budgets and compliance for conference, which drew over administrative activities continued the ERC and reviews and 200 academic researchers, this past year on the NSF submits supplemental program government officials, graduate Engineering Research Center on proposals; Meghan Foley is students, and industry Cellular Metamaterials (CELL- Financial Manager for the participants. Invited speakers MET), which we administer. ERC; and Beth Mathisen is the from Boston University, Harvard This project to create heart Events & Communications University, Max Planck Institute, tissue patches is renewable for an Manager for the ERC. , Technical additional $20M for five years and University of Munich, and was in its third year of operation. Photonics Center University of Illinois, Urbana- This past year saw significant staff member Nozomi Ito is a Champaign, represented progress made in scientific and dedicated ERC staff member international leaders in the field. administrative areas. We expanded acting as the Administrative The day closed with networking resources and commitment from Manager. Carolyn Castillo and a student research poster the ERC in the areas of Diversity joined the ERC team this year session. and Culture of Inclusion and in a six-month Administrative Workforce Development and Internship. Photonics Center • Three New Faculty Education, adding support for leadership and staff are Members Join the the teams across the three core working collaboratively with Photonics Center institutions. the other two main partners at the University of Michigan The Photonics Center The BU Photonics Center (UM), and Florida International welcomed three new faculty faculty and staff continue to play University (FIU), as well as members: Associate Professor a prominent role in all aspects collaborators and subcontract Anna Devor from the Biomedical of the ERC. Photonics Center recipients Harvard University, Engineering department, and Professor David Bishop is PI and Harvard/Wyss Institute, Assistant Professors Steve Director of the ERC. Photonics Columbia University, North Ramirez and Ben Scott from the Center Director Thomas Bifano is Carolina State University, and Psychological and Brain Sciences leading the Imaging Thrust area; Fort Valley State University to department. Associate Professor Cara Ellis McCarthy, Director conduct project activities. Devor’s research focuses on for Finance, Administration neuroscience and neuroimaging; & Personnel Management, is • Photonics Center Assistant Professor Steve leading the Administrative team Organizes and Hosts Ramirez’s research focuses on as Administrative Director; and the 23rd Annual memory and optogenetics; and Thomas Dudley, Director of Photonics Center Assistant Professor Ben Scott’s Technical & Industry Programs, Symposium on Enabling research focuses on neural is leading the Innovation Precision Medicine dynamics and optical imaging. All Thrust. Helen Fawcett, Director Through Innovations in three faculty are also members of of Operations and Program Biophotonics the Neurophotonics Center.

2 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 • Photonics Center Professors surgical outcomes and survival • Photonics Center Professor Brian Walsh and Joshua rates. Lin was awarded the Xin Zhang Awarded 2019 Semeter and Students’ Work scholarship based on his Institute of Engineering Showcased in Recent Satellite expected contribution to optics and Technology Innovation Launch into Space and photonics. Award

Assistant Professor Walsh • Photonics Center Professor Zhang and Professor Semeter worked with Professors Ji-Xin Cheng, received the 2019 Institute of their students to launch a satellite Roberto Paiella, Selim Engineering and Technology into space carrying mini sensors Unlu, and Lawrence (IET) Innovation Award in the built by BU students. The launch Ziegler Awarded Ignition Emerging Technology Design took place in New Zealand in June Award from BU Office of category based on her team’s 2020. The sensors will study electric Technology Development magnetic metamaterials work for current in the Earth’s magnetic field improving MRI performance. that can cripple communications and Professors Cheng, Paiella, power here on the ground. Unlu, and Ziegler received • Photonics Center Professor the 2019 Ignition Award from Xin Zhang Elected to • Photonics Center Professor the BU Office of Technology the National Academy of Ji-Xin Cheng Receives 2020 Development. The Ignition Inventors Pittsburgh Spectroscopy Program awards one-year Award grants of $75,000 to Boston Professor Zhang was University faculty to help launch elected to the National Academy Professor Cheng received promising new technologies of Inventors for her pioneering the 2020 Pittsburgh Spectroscopy into the marketplace. Professor work on metamaterials. Award for his work on bioanalytical Paiella’s work featured a new spectroscopy and for his leadership camera technology for machine • Photonics Center Professor in the scientific community. Professor vision; Professor Unlu’s work Xin Zhang Elected 2019 Cheng was honored at the 2020 focused on an optical sensing Fellow of the American Pittsburgh Spectroscopy Award technology for multiplexed Physical Society Symposium on March 3, 2020 in measurements; Professor Chicago, IL. Ziegler’s work focused on an Professor Zhang was optically-based methodology elected a 2019 Fellow of the • Photonics Center Professor Ji- for rapid antibiotic susceptibility American Physical Society Xin Cheng’s Student Awarded testing; and Professor Cheng’s (APS). The APS Fellowship 2020 Optics and Photonics work featured a miniature Program recognizes members Education Scholarship by wireless thermo-acoustic guide who have made exceptional SPIE and augmented reality system for contributions to physics breast conserving surgery. research, important applications Professor Cheng’s student of physics, leadership in Peng Lin was awarded a 2020 Optics or service to physics, or and Photonics Education Scholarship significant contributions to by SPIE, the international society physics education. Professor for optics and photonics. Lin is a Zhang was cited for her Ph.D. candidate whose research research and education using focuses on developing Coherent microelectromechanical systems Raman Scattering (CRS) endoscopy and metamaterials to address for intraoperative tumor margin a wide range of important assessment to improve patients’ problems in areas ranging

BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 3 from energy to healthcare to • Photonics Center Associate light beams in the presence of spin- homeland security. Professor Michele Sander orbit interaction. Along with co-PIs Elected to Board of at Harvard and Stanford Universities, • Photonics Center Governors for IEEE Professor Ramachandran will probe Professors Stephan Photonics Society interactions between the spin and orbital Anderson and Xin angular momentum of light in optical Zhang Improve MRI Associate Professor fibers, free space, and metamaterials. Sander was elected to a three-year Professors Anderson term on the Board of Governors • Photonics Center Professor and Zhang have developed for the IEEE Photonics Society. Irving Bigio Awarded Joseph W. an intelligent magnetic She will join the Board in 2020 Goodman Writing Award metamaterial which could together with three other new improve the clarity and cost worldwide-elected members. Professor Bigio received the of MRIs. The metamaterial The IEEE Photonics Society Joseph W. Goodman Book Writing selectively boosts the low- is a section of the IEEE that is Award for his book Quantitative energy emissions from focused on optical technologies Biomedical Optics: Theory, Methods, the patient’s body and that range from quantum and Applications, published by turns itself off during the physics, fiber optics, and lasers the Cambridge University Press. millisecond bursts of high- to solar energy and biomedical The Goodman Award recognizes energy transmission from the applications of light. a recent book in the field of optics machine, thereby reducing and photonics that has contributed the time of the procedure • Photonics Center Professor significantly to research, teaching, or and improving the patient Selim Unlu Elected to industry. The award is co-sponsored experience. AIMBE College of Fellows by SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics, and the Optical • Photonics Center Professor Unlu was Society of America (OSA). Professor John White inducted into the American Elected President of the Institute for Medical and Biomedical Engineering Biological Engineering (AIMBE) Society College of Fellows for his pioneering contributions in the Professor White utilization of optical interference was elected to be the next in biological sensing and imaging. President of the Biomedical Election to the AIMBE College Engineering Society (BMES), of Fellows is among the highest the leading professional society professional distinctions accorded for biomedical engineers. to a medical or biological engineer BMES has more than 8,000 and is comprised of the top two members and is committed percent of medical and biological to supporting the biomedical engineers. engineering workforce for advanced education, research, • Photonics Center Professor and healthcare technology. Siddharth Ramachandran Receives MURI Award

Professor Ramachandran was awarded a Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) grant to study the science and applications of singular 4 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 Photonics Center Articles

BU ENGINEERS ARE TAKING ON THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC 1. New medical equipment

RESEARCHERS ARE MOBILIZING TO DEVELOP BETTER, FASTER COVID-19 TESTING AND IMPROVED MEDICAL Wong started working on two projects after talking EQUIPMENT to her cousin, Steven Horng, an emergency medicine physician at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center by Liz Sheeley (BIDMC).

“I started hearing about the PPE shortages from Steven, and then he started to tell me about more of the challenges healthcare workers are facing,” she says. “We’re getting close to the predicted peak of cases in Massachusetts, so I want to help out any way I can.”

Wong is now collaborating with BU engineers Enrique Gutierrez Wing and J. Gregory McDaniel on medical equipment designed to help contain the SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for causing COVID-19 infections. Among other projects, BU engineers are collaborating with clinicians at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center to The first device is inspired by a photo Horng saw of an develop a respiratory isolation box, sketched here. Courtesy intubation box built by a Taiwanese doctor. Together, of Joyce Wong Horng and Wong teamed up with Gutierrez Wing and Across Boston University’s School of Engineering, McDaniel to expand on that idea and make a negative researchers are pivoting their work to tackle the many pressure chamber, meant to safely isolate patients engineering problems associated with the global sickened by the virus and prevent their respiratory coronavirus pandemic. droplets from dissipating in the air outside the chamber. They also enlisted the help of Emily Whiting, a BU “I’m glad I’m an engineer right now,” says Joyce computer scientist and art technologist, and Patricia Wong, a professor of biomedical and materials science Fabian, a BU environmental health expert and infectious engineering. “There are so many problems that need disease systems scientist. to be solved in this crisis and I can actually use my expertise to help.” The team has designed their so-called “respiratory isolation box” with features to allow doctors to maintain Wong, like many other engineers and researchers, is the same standard of care, but with an added layer of diving in to do what she can to mitigate the COVID-19 protection. In addition to being a negative pressure pandemic. These efforts are in addition to the first chamber—meaning air doesn’t escape the box, but wave of help, across BU’s Charles River and Medical can flow in—it’s also designed so that up to three Campuses, that gathered personal protective equipment clinicians can work on one patient at a time. And the (PPE) from labs—shuttered by Governor Charlie team is testing the box’s internal dimensions to make Baker’s stay-at-home advisory—to donate to healthcare sure healthcare workers can still use the specialized workers in Massachusetts. Here are four ways that BU equipment they may need when intubating a COVID-19 engineers are using technology to tackle the coronavirus patient. The box is in the prototyping phase, but the pandemic: team is collaborating with clinicians at BIDMC and planning to test the prototype in a medical simulation lab. BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 5 The second medical device that Wong, Gutierrez-Wing, SARS-CoV-2’s viral RNA, a unique and identifying and McDaniel are developing is a 3D-printed bracket genetic code. Building on his previous research, Unlu’s designed to hold together an endotracheal tube and test is fundamentally different: it detects and counts the respirator circuit it’s attached to. In normal use, individual SARS-CoV-2 viruses by capturing them with these connections between the ventilator machine and antibodies. the tube that’s inserted down the patient’s throat are loose, intentionally made so that they can easily be The primary benefit of this approach is that its disconnected in case the patient needs to be suddenly testing mechanism doesn’t require extensive sample moved in an emergency situation. Sometimes, however, preparation. It also reduces the chance of false negative the loose connection comes apart randomly, disrupting results. Viruses can mutate, but the currently available ventilating and triggering an alarm that sends clinicians tests rely on knowing specific genetic sequences of the scrambling to reconnect it. virus to detect it. So, if the coronavirus mutates within one of those sequences, a current test could report a false negative—which happened during the 2014 Ebola outbreak, making it difficult to accurately diagnose who was sick and contain the outbreak.

Unlu also says that his test uses a different set of supplies than the existing test, leaving it less prone to BU engineers have developed this bracket to better secure the connection supply chain shortages than the current method. between a ventilator and the endotracheal tube delivering air to the patient. Courtesy of Enrique Gutierrez Wing “Unlu also says that his test uses But in the case of patients receiving respiratory support a different set of supplies than the due to COVID-19, when that disconnection happens, existing [Covid-19] test, leaving it less the air coming out of the tube and into the room is full of droplets containing the SARS-CoV-2 virus, prone to supply chain shortages.” leaving others at unnecessarily high risk of exposure and infection. In contrast, the bracket that Wong’s 3. Speeding up test validation team is developing easily clips into place to hold the tube and respirator hookup together to prevent this Catherine Klapperich, director of the BU Precision from happening. The 3D-printed bracket is made of a Diagnostics Center and a professor of biomedical and material that can be easily sterilized, and the prototype materials science engineering, is spearheading a team is designed with rounded edges so that it won’t tear to validate new types of SARS-CoV-2 tests. To contain clinicians’ latex gloves (which are now in especially the current COVID-19 pandemic, and prevent future short supply). relapses, an extreme ramp-up of testing is needed across the . But there are currently roadblocks 2. A novel (and more rapid) COVID-19 test and shortages of supplies barring that from being possible. To increase testing capabilities, new tests, like Selim Unlu, a BU professor of electrical, computer, Unlu’s, must be evaluated and validated through FDA materials science, and biomedical engineering, is regulatory procedures. Those validations take time—so, teaming up with longtime collaborator John Connor, Klapperich’s team is trying to speed up that process. a BU School of Medicine associate professor of microbiology, from the National Emerging Infectious The Precision Diagnostics Center is taking on the Diseases Laboratories. Together with Mehmet Toner task of preclinical lab validation of newly developed of Massachusetts General Hospital, the trio is working COVID-19 tests. First up, they’re working with one to develop a rapid and reliable test for the SARS-CoV-2 developed by Michael Springer’s systems biology group virus. at Harvard Medical School. The currently available tests look for the presence of

6 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 Klapperich’s team has already validated a version of likelihood of false negative COVID-19 test results. his test by seeing how well the method can be used Nasal swabs used for coronavirus tests must be pushed to positively detect flu from a bank of H1N1 patient up a patient’s nose to collect a mucus sample from samples from the 2009-2010 pandemic. Now with where the throat meets the back of the nose, which that proof of concept in hand, Springer is adapting requires training and can be prone to user error. A the test to make it work for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. swab made of a material that more easily collects In the meantime, Klapperich is securing COVID-19 mucus, increasing the chance of capturing a high- patient samples from collaborators at Boston Children’s quality sample, would help reduce false negatives, Hospital to validate the next iteration of Springer’s assay the researchers say. Once an optimal swab design is as well as COVID-19 tests developed by other research identified, the team plans to conduct a clinical trial at groups. BMC.

4. Improving nasal swabs Story adapted for The Brink by Kat J. McAlpine.

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the supply chain ENG PROF NAMED 2019 VANEVVAR BUSH for the nasopharyngeal swabs used to collect patient FACULTY FELLOW BY DOD samples for testing has not been able to keep up with SIDDHARTH RAMACHANDRAN EXPLORES OPTICAL demand. Seeking to find an alternative, pathologist Joel PHENOMENON: LIGHT BEAMS THAT SWIRL DOWNWARD Henderson of BU’s School of Medicine and Boston by Kat McAlpine Medical Center (BMC) reached out to BU’s College of Engineering for help. Jessie Song, a graduate student pursuing a PhD in biomedical engineering, answered the call.

Song, who does research with BU engineering faculty members Alice White and Mark Grinstaff, is an expert at using nanoscale 3D printing to create tissue scaffolds. She immediately saw the potential of using 3D printing to fabricate nasopharyngeal swabs. Working from prototype designs of nasopharyngeal swabs from the University of South Florida and Northwell Health in New York, Song selected a safe and sterilizable resin—often used to fabricate FDA-approved dental Siddharth Ramachandran, a Boston University College medical devices—and assembled the tools necessary to of Engineering professor of electrical and computer make several different prototypes. Within one week of engineering and of materials science engineering, thrives receiving Henderson’s call for help, the first batch of in the city. He loves the hustle and bustle of Boston nasopharyngeal swabs was printed overnight at BU’s and the diversity of all the people he encounters. When Multiscale Laser Lithography laboratory. he’s not in his lab or teaching BU engineering students about the fascinating physics of, and applications related “Jessie is a prime example of what makes BU a great to, lasers and optics, you might find him listening to live place—it is the students,” Grinstaff says. music at Boston Symphony Hall or a local jazz café.

Henderson and his team are now evaluating the swabs Ramachandran, who has been named a Vannevar Bush Song fabricated to decide which designs they prefer and Faculty Fellow (the Department of Defense’s most why, as well as how best to sterilize and package the prestigious award for a single investigator), will now swabs into kits. use the support of the fellowship to explore one of the most marvelous optical phenomena: the existence of Not only would this 3D printing approach, using new light beams that instead of streaming in a straight line, materials, skirt the supply chain issue that prompted swirl downward like a spiral staircase. Henderson’s call for help, it could also reduce the

BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 7 BU Today: The fellowship support will allow you to to travel through optical fibers. For telecommunications, study a new kind of light beam that shines in a twisted this could be really important. Current fiber-optic fashion, rather than as a straight beam. That sounds like technology has exhausted all the possible ways of science fiction. Can you tell us more? manipulating regular light to increase information bandwidth. But the number of internet users and Ramachandran: Generally, when we think of light, amount of information we consume continues to we think of a beam that looks like a spot traveling in a increase. Applying tornado light beams to carry data straight line. But the beams we will be studying under through fiber-optic cables could help us break through this fellowship curiously manifest in light traveling in a this bandwidth barrier. twisting path, whirling around an axis like a tornado. At a fundamental level, this fellowship will allow us to study There are other tantalizing potential applications as well. these tornado light beams in ways that haven’t been Going back to this analogy of the sink with swirling considered in detail yet. What happens when we send water, it turns out that these twisted light beams literally these tornado light beams through air, water, different carry momentum that spirals around, a phenomena materials? Does the way light interacts with matter called orbital angular momentum (OAM). So, for change because of this inherent twisting behavior? example, you could use OAM in tornado light beams to rotate microscopic particles. This would allow us So what makes tornado light beams shine in a to create “tweezers” out of light that can rotate and twister shape in the first place? unwrap DNA strands, allowing for very high-speed DNA sorting, for instance. To explain why light typically travels in a straight line, let’s look at waves in an ocean. As you analyze waves, Tornado light beams could also be very useful for you realize that the water itself isn’t moving forward but making high-powered lasers. The next generation of instead rises up and down in a synchronized fashion, and self-driving cars will have a lot of optical sensors that it is this synchronization that gives the wave an effective use lasers to gain a wealth of information, such as the “forward” momentum. If you use the same analogy, a proximity of objects, the speeds with which they are typical light beam does the same thing—the amplitude moving, etc., and lasers made with tornado light beams of light goes up and down in a local position, but the provide much more information in this regard, from a overall momentum flow is straight ahead. In contrast, if sensing perspective….With the fellowship support, the you imagine looking at water going down a hope is that by the end of the program, we will gain a much deeper understanding of what we all can do with twisted light, both at a fundamental as well as an “Applying tornado light beams to applications level. carry data through fiber-optic cables could help us break through this What led you to start your own lab at Boston bandwidth barrier.” University?

As I was going through high school, I was inspired by drain, it twists and goes down in a spiral. That’s similar teachers who could explain physical phenomena and to a tornado light beam—its wavefront moves in a show how they could be made into useful applications helical fashion—and so light’s momentum, although still for society. After getting my PhD in engineering, I directed down a central axis, locally traces a spiral shape. worked for the telecommunications research company for a decade. I absolutely loved the synergy Could you—pardon the expression—shine a light between math and physics, and doing it with the on why these weird twisting beams might be intent that my efforts would be useful for business useful? units tasked with developing new technologies, hence having an impact on society. But over time, I felt that In a paper on tornado light beams we published in 2013 industrial research in the United States has become in Science, we showed, for the first time, that these less interested in long-term investment in science and exotic light beams can be encoded with data and made more interested in very short-term innovations. I have 8 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 always been naturally inclined toward the former, and Boston organizations like the Association for India’s I was reminded of the reasons I got into the field of Development and Asha for Education, doing local engineering—my inspiring teachers—so I came here project planning to identify new opportunities for in 2010 and have been thoroughly enjoying this career education and human development programs. change ever since. Kat J. McAlpine can be reached at [email protected]. How do you stay so innovative? UNIVERSITY’S STUDENT-BUILT SATELLITES BLAST INTO SPACE AFTER Being able to work with so many people who have YEARS OF DELAYS different levels of engineering education—from FIRST MISSION FOR BUSAT PROBES POTENTIALLY undergraduate students to postdoctoral researchers—as DAMAGING ELECTRIC CURRENTS well as different disciplinary backgrounds, but all sharing the same motivation and excitement for science and by Rich Barlow technology…I find that to be very fruitful for generating fresh and new ideas. You have this combination of people looking at problems from a fresh perspective alongside people who have been in different related fields for a long time.

You grew up and attended university in small towns, and you say your love for cities began when you started your career. What draws you to city life?

I have always liked living in big cities, where I have the opportunity to be in a cosmopolitan atmosphere with diversity of thought and opinion. When I was working at Bell Labs, I was living in Hoboken. It was easy to hop into New York City for a play, or jazz music, or The rocket carrying mini-sensors developed by BU students blasted off from New Zealand June 13. Photo courtesy of Rocket Lab restaurants. I like music a lot, mostly jazz and classical artists. Now, I happen to live seven minutes from Better three years late than never. Work built by Boston Boston Symphony Hall, so it’s great that I can always University SATellite (BUSAT) program students has made it just walk over there for a show (I’m a poor planner in into space after a long-delayed launch. advance). A private rocket carrying a network of mini-sensors made by BUSAT students blasted off from New Zealand’s Mahia Outside of research and jazz, where else do you like Peninsula on June 13. The sensors will study electric currents to invest your energy? in Earth’s magnetic field that can cripple communications and power here on the ground. The launch had been delayed I personally get a lot of satisfaction working on several times, including most recently from a planned March volunteer programs to educate underprivileged children liftoff halted by the COVID-19 pandemic; New Zealand in some of the world’s most depressed economic has just emerged from the pandemic, with the recent areas. I feel there is a direct connection between me, announcement of no new cases. as an educator for college students, and the much more challenging problems of literacy and education “Unfortunately we weren’t able to bring any of the team in the underdeveloped parts of the world. I grew up to the launch site,” says program advisor Brian Walsh in India, so I go there quite often—at least once or (GRS’09,’12), a College of Engineering assistant professor of mechanical engineering. “We watched eagerly from home, twice a year—and almost every year I end up visiting where many of us gathered on a Zoom meeting.” migrant laborers who, because they are transient, tend to be the most exploited class of laborers. I try to visit Not being present at the liftoff site didn’t diminish the day’s those communities and contribute to adult education joy for those who had waited so long for the moment. “To say and adult literacy programs. I also play a small role in that I felt ecstatic and proud…would be an understatement,” BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 9 The rocket will eject a canister that will in turn spit out the ANDESITE network of eight wireless sensors. The sensors, able to complete an Earth orbit in 90 minutes, will measure changes in electric currents flowing in and out of the Earth’s upper atmosphere along its magnetic field over the course of a few weeks, collecting data for its BU creators to analyze.

The network’s on-switch will activate at a crucial extraterrestrial signpost: the aurora, which “is an optical manifestation of currents flowing into and out of our atmosphere,” says A photo of Brian Walsh in his lab Semeter. “That’s where the currents appear.”

Brian Walsh’s small-satellite-building expertise was essential to “We’re going to use ground-based pictures of the aurora in ANDESITE, a BU student project that just successfully launched its first satellite into space. Photo by Cydney Scott tight collaboration with this mission. We’re going to set up cameras,” he says, “and that will allow us to correlate what’s says Phillip Teng (ENG’19), who worked for two-and-a- going on with these dancing light displays [of the aurora] with half years on the sensors network, named ANDESITE. what the ANDESITE array measures as it goes over them.” The ground monitors are at observatories run by NASA and The launch, he says, was “the culmination of all the design the National Science Foundation. choices and testing methodologies we’ve implemented along the way.” Semeter says that ultimately, they’re “trying to understand this huge source of heat that impinges the outer atmosphere There is a bittersweet note to the takeoff: it came just and…causes the atmosphere to become ionized, and therefore weeks after the death of Ted Fritz, a College of Arts & interferes with GPS signals and [radio] communications.” Sciences professor emeritus of astronomy, who “founded A graphic example of such electro-havoc occurred in 1989, and really fostered” BUSAT, Walsh says. when plasma fired by a solar eruption invaded the magnetic

Walsh and Joshua Semeter (ENG’92,’97), an ENG professor of electrical and computer engineering, joined forces when Walsh came to BU in 2015 with research expertise in small satellites and space technology. Semeter developed BUSAT’s science mission in the program’s early years and was already working on what became the ANDESITE launch.

The launch delays over the past three years, Semeter says, owed partly to the small-bore scale of the mission compared with NASA’s typical ones. (The US space agency A photo of Josh Semeter in his lab arranged ANDESITE’s launch on a rocket owned by Rocket Lab, a private American aerospace manufacturer Joshua Semeter collaborated with Walsh on ANDESITE. Photo by and small-satellite launch provider.) BU’s project has Jackie Ricciardi received about $500,000, involving as it does student field, generating electricity that shut down Canadian utility engineers and tiny satellites, from the US Air Force. Hydro-Quebec’s grid for nine hours. There may be no stopping The National Science Foundation, NASA, and BU also these assaults from space, Walsh says, “but if you can predict it contributed funding. and you know its intensity, you’ll be able to better prepare for it.…We will be able to protect our assets on the ground.” BUSAT improved the satellites’ hardware and software in “We get a brief period of excitement at launch,” he says, “and the three years since the first aborted launch, continuing to then it’s off to the ground station to start receiving science test its resilience to shaking and temperature extremes. data as it comes in from the spacecraft.”

“A lot of the research I’m involved in is building types of ANDESITE was one of three projects launched into space things like this—small satellites with sensors to measure Saturday by the New Zealand subsidiary of Rocket Lab. The things in the space environment, so it was a very natural other satellites were from the National Reconnaissance Office, collaboration,” Walsh says, for him and his students. the federal agency overseeing US intelligence satellites, and from Australia’s University of New South Wales. 10 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 HOW LIGHT TURNS ORDINARY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE INTO A MRSA TREATMENT BU ENGINEERS HAVE INVENTED A NEW BLUE LIGHT THERAPY THAT CAN KILL MRSA WITHOUT ANTIBIOTICS by Kat McAlpine

As a kid, I skinned my knees on a range of surfaces, from our asphalt driveway, to wood chips on the playground, to the concrete deck of our town pool. I usually cried, not because of the fall itself, but because I knew any scrape deep enough to bleed would attract the attention of my parents and cause them to reach into the medicine cabinet for that dreaded bottle of hydrogen peroxide. Oh, the stinging!

But now, a few decades later, I’ve finally found a reason Photonics researchers at Boston University have developed a drug-free treatment for tough-to-treat MRSA infections. Their technique, which they to appreciate hydrogen peroxide. It turns out that it’s are preparing to take into a clinical trial, uses phototherapy and hydrogen powerful enough to kill a particularly lethal kind of peroxide to kill 99.9 percent of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. antibiotic-resistant bacteria—as long as it’s combined with a blue LED light or laser. infections and sepsis. MRSA infections affect about 90,000 people each year in the US, and cause around Boston University College of Engineering researchers 20,000 of those people to die. Although MRSA can who invented the technique say they have shown, thrive any place where people come into contact with experimentally, it can kill 99.9 percent of methicillin- each other—from a supermarket to a school to an resistant Staphylococcus aureus, known as MRSA. office—it’s especially common in hospitals and nursing (Methicillin is a common antibiotic.) In people, MRSA, homes, where people are more likely to have surgical which often spreads very quickly, can cause skin and soft incisions and skin abrasions. Opportunistic MRSA tissue infections as well as life-threatening sepsis. infections often take root in small breaks in the skin, but because antibiotics aren’t very effective in treating Ji-Xin Cheng, the senior author on the Advanced them, can quickly spread throughout the body. Science paper about their findings, says it was a Boston University CARB-X report that inspired a few While taking a closer look at MRSA in their lab, Cheng’s members of his biophotonics lab—which manipulates team realized that MRSA’s signature golden color could the properties of light for biological and medical be the golden ticket to a powerful new treatment. applications—to join the fight against antibiotic resistance. The CARB-X report indicated that antibiotic “Golden pigmentation is the universal signature of S. development cannot keep pace with evolving bacteria, aureus,” he says. While imaging S. aureus under the and that nonconventional approaches are needed, says microscope, the team noticed that blue light caused a Cheng, who is a professor of biomedical engineering traumatic photobleaching effect—destroying pigment and electrical and computer engineering. molecules responsible for the cells’ golden color—in as fast as seconds of exposure. “For imaging purposes, “Can we use photons to deal with superbugs?” he asked this is bad,” Cheng says. “But if it’s bleached, we his team. wondered, is it still alive?”

Shining a light on superbugs

Cheng’s lab was most interested in tackling MRSA, since it’s difficult to treat and can cause deadly pneumonia

BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 11 When MRSA’s golden pigment molecules decompose discovering that pulse laser therapy is even more effective under blue light, the cell membranes become at killing MRSA. checkered with vulnerable spots, says Pu-Ting Dong, the lead author on the study. The team found that “Using a pulsing blue laser, we can significantly shorten blue light destabilizes MRSA cells enough to kill the therapy time and increase the depth of tissues we can about 90 percent of the bacterial culture. That sounds effectively treat,” says Jie Hui, a postdoctoral researcher powerful, but for clinical applications, Dong says, 90 in Cheng’s lab and a coauthor on the paper. “The laser percent isn’t good enough. In fact, in as little as half light feels painless and doesn’t give off any sensation of an hour, the researchers observed that MRSA was heat, ideal for clinical applications.” able to recover and start to multiply again. “MRSA grows back very quickly, so to be effective,” Dong Now, Cheng’s lab is teaming up with David Negron, a says, “we need to kill 99.9 percent of bacteria.” foot surgeon at Boston Medical Center and instructor of surgery at BU School of Medicine, to develop a clinical What could kill that last, critical 10 percent of MRSA trial evaluating the technique’s ability to treat patients cells? Hydrogen peroxide—a powerful oxidizer that with diabetic ulcers. can damage living cells. “Diabetic skin ulcers are a huge problem,” Cheng says. A “photon” finish for MRSA Having diabetes, which causes high blood sugar, can Typically, MRSA and other types of cells are able damage a person’s circulation and nerves, making it more to withstand being doused with hydrogen peroxide difficult for the body to heal wounds, especially those through the defenses of their cell membranes. But located on the lower extremities. Open wounds that after blue light phototherapy, MRSA’s membranes can’t heal are highly susceptible to MRSA, and until now, become temporarily pockmarked with holes. When there haven’t been any good options for treatment. As hydrogen peroxide is delivered in combination with the infection takes hold, it can create a biofilm, a slimy blue light, it’s able to flood the insides of MRSA cells buildup of bacteria that becomes even more stubborn to and cause them to biologically implode, eradicating treat. 99.9 percent of bacteria. “If we can treat diabetic ulcers, that will change people’s “Antibiotics alone cannot effectively get inside MRSA lives,” Cheng says. “As scientists, we don’t just want to cells,” Cheng says. “But photons can penetrate a publish papers, we also want to return the fruits of our cell,” giving a window of opportunity for hydrogen work and research funding to society.” peroxide to wreak havoc. Dong, who won an International Society of Optics and Photonics (SPIE) Translational Research Award for Perhaps what’s most promising is that blue light her work on this technology, says she personally feels phototherapy doesn’t affect healthy cells of the “inspired and motivated” to translate the technique now body, so the technique could be used to treat MRSA that there’s a clear clinical application that “could help infections without harming any surrounding tissue or people heal.” skin. Hui’s work on the team has also been recognized; he Although the tests in culture dishes were exciting, was awarded the SPIE-Franz Hillenkamp Postdoctoral biochemistry is always a little different in living Fellowship, which will support him as he works to organisms. Partnering with Purdue University develop the phototherapy into a tool that can make microbiologists and researchers at the Massachusetts MRSA vulnerable to conventional antibiotics. General Hospital Wellman Center for Photomedicine, the group analyzed the therapy’s effectiveness in This work was supported by a Keck Foundation Science mice and observed that the blue light plus hydrogen & Engineering Grant and a Boston University startup peroxide treatment was able to speed healing of skin fund. wounds infected with MRSA. Since then, the team has made further strides, 12 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 Jie Hui, Pu-Ting Dong, and Ji-Xin Cheng will now focus on translating the blue light therapy into the clinic, where they hope it can help treat patients with diabetic ulcers.

BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 13 Mission Statement

THE BOSTON between the materials group, cell The NSF Research UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS engineering in BME and optogenetics Experiences for Undergraduates CENTER generates fundamental and imaging culminated in the award (REU) site in Integrated knowledge and develops innovative of the NSF CELL-MET Engineering Nanomanufacturing (INM) was technology in the field of photonics. Research Center in October 2017, renewed to continue alongside We work on challenging problems which continues with significant the Research Experiences for that are important to society, leadership and support by the Teachers (RET) site in Integrated we translate enabling research Photonics Center. In addition, the Nanomanufacturing. The RET discoveries into useful prototypes, strength and breadth of research at program focuses on providing and we educate future leaders in the Boston University was instrumental engineering support and training field. in Beckman Coulter’s decision to for local area public middle and work with the Photonics Center high school teachers with high This mission is executed through: as the company narrowed their levels of Massachusetts school university engagement to a few select district support and engagement • Basic research and scholarship schools. by community college faculty in photonics. members. The REU program • Academic and entrepreneurial • Academic and Entrepreneurial focuses on undergraduates from programs and initiatives for Programs and Initiatives for community colleges and four-year students. Students colleges and universities with limited • Technology development for research opportunities. The NSF healthcare, defense, and security While the Photonics Center CELL-MET ERC also has REU applications. does not offer academic degrees, and RET placements for all three • Business innovation and the faculty teach a broad array of its partner institutions – Boston commercialization of photonics of graduate and undergraduate University, Florida International technology. courses that cut across traditional University, and the University of departmental curricula. Beyond Michigan. These programs also The Photonics Center the classroom, students engage in provide BU graduate student and community of faculty, students, diverse entrepreneurial activities, postdoctoral researchers with and staff engage in numerous including internships with companies mentoring opportunities not often interdisciplinary collaborations to in the Business Innovation Center, included as part of their educational further the field. Below are examples opportunities for engagement/ programming. of how the Photonics Center and networking with industry, particularly its diverse community executes each with members of the CELL-MET • Technology Development of the four pillars supporting our ERC, and participation in the annual for Healthcare, Defense, and mission. Photonics Center Symposium. Security Applications During the COVID-19 shutdown, • Basic Research and the Photonics Center conducted The Photonics Center’s Scholarship in Photonics seminars on business and career technology development activities related topics such as: business case focus on emerging photonic Photonics Center faculty formulation, market development, applications in healthcare. The are involved in research in diverse business organization, financial activities of the CELL-MET ERC fields of study with areas of basics, and career planning that and the Photonics Center Business strength in biophotonics, imaging, benefited students in the National Innovation Center (BIC), support , nonlinear and Research Traineeship (NRT) and our innovation ecosystem and have quantum photonics, and photonic ERC programs. In addition, the become the primary drivers for materials and devices. The Center Photonics Center collaborated with technology development. Thorlabs, has always had a strong cross- the BU Career Development office to a long-time supporter of the disciplinary research effort in offer panel discussions in networking, Photonics Center and member of Biomedical Engineering (BME) career planning, and interviewing. the CELL-MET industry advisory and the strength of collaborations board, has negotiated a template

14 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 for licensing technology from the STRATEGIC GOALS: University in Georgia. With COVID-19 University and has recently decided PROJECTS AND THEIR restrictions, the research aspect of to move an applications development RATIONALE this REM was postponed to summer group into the BIC. Analog Devices has 2021, but some student mentoring was been a supporter of sponsored research The Center continues to planned virtually for summer 2020. projects in the Photonics Center and administer and manage several large The second REM supplement, a RET/ has also moved a “skunk works” grants from proposal writing through Young Scholars program at University development effort into the BIC. post-award administration, including: of Michigan and Florida International the NSF-sponsored CELL-MET ERC; University was also postponed and • Business Innovation and the NSF National Research Traineeship expected to be completed in summer Commercialization of Photonics (NRT) Program Understanding the 2021 as well. Technology Brain: Neurophotonics; the NSF RET site in Integrated Nanomanufacturing • Cardiac Organoid Systems The Photonics Center is a (INM); and the renewed NSF REU Partnership (COSP): leader in the commercialization of site in Integrated Nanomanufacturing photonics technology, an activity that is (INM). COSP is a collaboration anchored by its BIC. Individual tenant between CELL-MET, the SFI Research companies continue to demonstrate • NSF ERC: Directed Multiscale Center for Medical Devices (CURAM) growth, attract business financing, and Assembly of Cellular out of the National University of demonstrate commercial potential. Metamaterials with Nanoscale Ireland, Galway and the Wellcome- BIC currently has 12 tenant companies Precision Wolfson Institute for Experimental with two recent companies leaving Medicine (WWIEM) out of Queens on high notes. Beta Bionics is driving The CELL-MET ERC has University Belfast. These Centers have toward full commercialization after a vision to develop cell and tissue a common goal to cure heart disease a $120M Series B round and Poly6 is engineering technologies with the and the complementary skills of this adding to the capabilities of a global ultimate goal of delivering therapeutics Center to Center (C2C) collaboration supplier of precision aerospace systems to restore normal function to provide a force multiplier that after they were acquired. The BIC diseased or damage hearts. This is a enhances the opportunity for success. companies continue to be valued comprehensive program that involves This collaboration intends to pursue participants in the Photonics Center research in biomaterials, nano- development of high throughput community collaborating with faculty, engineering, imaging, optogenetics techniques for fabrication of nanoscale training students, and creating a career and fundamental research in cell and scaffolds and functionalization of option for engineering graduates. tissue engineering. CELL-MET will those scaffolds with cardio biosystems. Preferential selection of prospective drive these technologies to the clinical Partnerships like this are possible due to tenants that work in areas aligned with environment by building an innovation the Photonics Center’s reputation and the research and scholarship activities ecosystem of industry, medical and leadership position in the biophotonics of Photonic Center faculty supports regulatory stakeholders, and training sector. A proposal has been submitted this environment of collaboration a pipeline of skilled engineers and to the National Science Foundation and and fosters potential for growth in scientist. This workforce will be diverse their counterparts in Ireland for funding sponsored research. and inclusive, and engagement of future and as of this writing the prospects for leaders will begin at the K-12 through an award appear promising The Massachusetts Economic post-doctoral levels. Photonics Center Council solicited the support of staff play significant leadership roles • NSF NRT: Understanding the the Photonics Center as they were in the research, inclusiveness, training, Brain (UtB): Neurophotonics developing a strategy to grow the administration, and technology transfer photonics business in Massachusetts. efforts of CELL-MET. The NSF NRT Program - In addition, the Photonics Center Understanding the Brain (UtB): spearheaded the recruitment drive for This past year, we submitted Neurophotonics was awarded in August MassEcon’s events at Photonics West, and received a third Research 2016. Traineeships form the essential the premier tradeshow for photonics Experiences and Mentoring (REM) core of the NRT student community, related businesses. supplement which includes mentoring and all trainees have access to the many and research opportunities for benefits and opportunities afforded by undergraduate students and faculty the grant. Our program’s emphasis is on members of Fort Valley State community building, interdisciplinary

BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 15 research and collaboration, and professional proposed site. Each participant is immersed development opportunities for trainees. Within in independent problem-based research the community of trainees, there is a limited progressing from basic proficiency and number of trainees with fellowships, which building to open-ended discovery. REUs are provides stipend, tuition and fees from NSF co-mentored by faculty and graduate students for two years. Eighty-two trainees have been and become mentors for teachers from accepted into the training program including 20 underserved communities in a complementary fellowship recipients. More information about NSF RET site. Participants receive training in the NSF NRT UtB: Neurophotonics can be integrated nanomanufacturing fundamentals, found on the program website: http://www. tool usage, communication skills, career bu.edu/neurophotonics-nrt/. development, and graduate school preparation.

• NSF RET Site in Integrated Nanomanufacturing

The NSF RET site in Integrated Nanomanufacturing was renewed in April 2018. The first cohort for the renewed site started on July 1, 2019. Teachers were recruited from local schools with high populations of students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds, and schools with high percentages of students considered underrepresented minorities in the field of engineering by the NSF. The focus of the renewed RET site includes materials synthesis and characterization, photonic and electronic nanostructures, integration of nanosystems, and neurophotonics that fell within three broad themes of integrated nanomanufacturing: nanophotonics (NP), nanostructures (NS), nanomedicine (NM). A member of the Innovation Center company Analog Devices stands in front • NSF REU Site in Integrated of the company sign. Nanomanufacturing

The NSF REU site in Integrated Nanomanufacturing was renewed in March 2019. Because of the timing of the award, only two students participated in the program starting on June 3, 2019. Four thematic research areas serve as the foundation for this renewal: 1. nanosystems that generate, sense, and manipulate, 2. nanofabrication of photonic and electronic nanostructures, 3. nanomaterials synthesis and characterization, and 4. nanophotonics neurophotonics and development of photonic devices. These themes are not comprehensive but align with major research strengths and ongoing research at BU. BU’s major academic research centers/ divisions in , Materials Science, Photonics, and Neurophotonics provide a compelling intellectual backdrop for the Jana Care R&D staff preparing samples for testing at the BU Photonics Center Innovation Center. 16 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 Educational Programs & Initiatives

• NSF REU in Integrated the REU participants presented who had an interest in research Nanomanufacturing (INM) their research along with a few slides opportunities in nanotechnology describing the reasons they decided that they could integrate into their In summer 2019, Professors to pursue engineering. In some cases, own classroom curriculum. Several Xin Zhang and Helen Fawcett led the the REU students worked alongside community college faculty members, first cohort of REU participants in the an RET participant. The program whose schools were co-located near newly renewed REU Site in Integrated ended with a poster session and high school or middle school teachers, Nanomanufacturing (INM), which all REU participants from across also participated. The program included two additional REU students CELL-MET travelled to Boston to directors assisted in the translation funded through an RET supplemental participate in the poster of RET experiences award. The student cohort arrived at session. REU students into sustainable STEM BU in June to move into their dorm were awarded certificates The NSF education curricula and rooms and start the 10-week program. of participation. More CELL-MET activities at the teachers’ Below are some relevant statistics information on the REU ERC has home schools through regarding the 2019 REU participants: INM program can be two research team-based development found at: http://www. experience and research mentors in • 50% female / 50% male bu.edu/photonics-reu. programs the teacher’s partnering participants. during research laboratory. At • All applicants have a GPA of 3.0 or • NSF CELL-MET summer 2019. the concluding poster higher. ERC Research session, RET teachers • 100% of the participants are Experiences were awarded certificates self-identified Underrepresented of participation, as well as Professional Minorities (URMs) in engineering, The NSF CELL-MET ERC Development Point (PDP) certificates as defined by the NSF. had two research experience programs for instructional time. More information during summer 2019. For the RET on the NSF RET INM program can Former REU participant, program, there was one participant be found at: http://www.bu.edu/ Lauren Strong was hired for the at FIU and one at BU in the RET photonics-ret/. summer as a Program Manager to work INM site who conducted research in with the REUs and RETs supporting a CELL-MET lab. There were two activities and logistics. The Photonics REU placements at each of the three Center REU program included REU partner institutions: BU, UM, and FIU. INM participants and REU participants Photonics Center faculty member, from the CELL-MET ERC. The Kamil Ekinci, also received an REU students’ activities were integrated supplement that enabled us to place where possible with the other REU additional students at BU. sites on the BU campus and with the Undergraduate Research Opportunities • NSF RET in Integrated Program (UROP) office. Nanomanufacturing (INM)

In addition to the laboratory Professors Xin Zhang and research, REU participants spent 1.5 Helen Fawcett led the first summer hours per week at brown bag seminars cohort in 2019 of the RET INM on topics ranging from graduate school program with the teachers participating and career advising to nanotechnology in a six-week program from July and spectroscopy. The participants also 2-August 10. had three hours a week of cleanroom and nanofabrication laboratory Teachers were recruited from high- experiences. At the four-week mark needs public schools within the when the RET participants arrived, Massachusetts STEM pipeline network

BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 17 Business Innovation Center

Located on the 6th floor of the company and BU researchers and engagement with the Photonics Center. the Photonics Center building, Boston create many opportunities for student Thorlabs has negotiated a license University’s BIC currently hosts 12 internships. Despite the shutdown due with the BU Office of Technology technology companies that are in the to COVID-19, AEMtec is making a Development for CELL-MET related early stages of business growth. The major investment in upgrading facilities inventions, which could serve as a goal of BIC is to accelerate innovation at the Photonics Center. They have template for future licenses, and they by encouraging industry collaboration conveyed that “the Center seems to have made a commitment to the BIC. with faculty and to provide educational be well known and having the prestige The work in BIC will be research opportunities for graduate and of opening our US operation at the related and involve opportunities for undergraduate students. The mix Center lends credibility to our existing further sponsored research activities of companies includes those in life and potential customers and shows our with Photonics Center faculty. The sciences, biotechnology, photonics, and commitment to the Photonics industry.” move to BIC upended years of materials technologies. collaboration that Thorlabs had at MIT During FY19-20, Analog and demonstrates the strengths of the In this past year, BIC has seen Devices supported sponsored research capabilities and resources of Photonics seven new companies arrive, including with Photonics Center faculty and Center faculty and facilities. Thorlabs’ three strategic partners, and four made a commitment to launch an growing involvement in student journal companies exit. BIC has also faced the Analog Devices Garage clubs demonstrates their challenges of navigating businesses project out of BIC. The In the past year, commitment to the through the COVID-19 crisis. The three ADI Garage is where ThorLabs...has educational pillar of the large strategic partners fit well with the Analog Devices brings accelerated their Center’s mission. view of the BIC that innovation occurs together engineers, data engagement with at large corporations as well as at small scientists, hardware and the Photonics Companies companies. More importantly, these software specialists, departing BIC in the Center. strategic partners support the education and other experts, to past year have also and innovation pillars of the Photonics create new technologies demonstrated significant Center’s mission statement. The Center and new solutions in achievements and is also pleased to report that four of the a fast-moving, idea-driven startup accelerating growth. Beta Bionics, new companies have some degree of atmosphere. The Garage includes an founded by Professor Ed Damiano, BU pedigree, which was identified as an Algorithmic Systems group, a Software departed in May after closing on imperative in last year’s annual report. engineering group, a Systems group a $120M Series B round and after NXTEC, 149Medical, and Primetaz and the Analog Garage Venture Team. their lead investigational iLet Bionic were all founded by BU faculty with The Venture Team members work Pancreas system received Breakthrough spin-out technology and NDT was co- closely with start-ups, incubators, and Device Designation from the Food founded by a BU graduate. universities to collaborate on developing and Drug Administration (FDA). Beta breakthrough technology that creates Bionics is now well positioned for The strategic partners value for ADI and for their partners. growth and commercial success. Poly6 include: AEMtec, Analog Devices The team provides entrepreneurs with Technologies departed in April after and Thorlabs. AEMtec GmbH is a a path to propose, explore, and scale being acquired by a global provider of German company specializing in the new technologies and new business high precision, geometrically complex development of complex optoelectronic models. BIC expects this group to make aerospace systems, components, and and microelectronic devices for the significant contributions in supporting sub-assemblies. Poly6’s and medical technologies, automation and the Photonics Center’s mission, and in material technologies for 3D printing of data/telecommunications markets. the past year they have already hired casts for puring metals and superalloys AEMtec expects to establish a rapid BU graduates and offered several will expand the acquiring company’s prototyping capability in BIC and the internships. extensive and diverse capabilities and company operates at the “sweet spot” markets. of the Photonic Center capabilities. In the past year, Thorlabs, a It is expected that collaborations with member of the CELL-MET industry Abfero, a clinical stage faculty will produce value for both advisory board, has accelerated their pharmaceutical company, recently 18 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 completed a new round of funding led that the BIC companies have in cash public investment agency of the by Longwell Ventures (Oxford, UK) and management, their ability to cultivate Commonwealth of Massachusetts. has initiated Phase 1/2 trials of its lead banking relationships, and their ability Since the demand for the space and compound after successfully completing to meet commitments to their investors. these benefits is high, it allows the a Phase 1c safety trial. The company has At least four of the current companies Photonics Center to be selective in also received grant funding to address were able to obtain loans through bringing new companies into BIC. The MS, spinal cord injury and Parkinson’s the Small Business Administration’s Center places a priority on choosing disease. Paycheck Protection Program. companies that can collaborate with Photonics Center faculty and other The five remaining tenants Despite the spring semester BU faculty researchers. In general, this include: Bitome, ClearIt, JanaCare, shut down, BIC companies participated results in companies with photonics Leuko Labs and PlenOptika. These as guest lecturers in senior design and materials as the core technology companies have focused on product project courses and mentored at least enablers. However, there is occasionally development and have landed their first three Senior Design projects. BIC a company such as the small customers, created intellectual property companies offered several internships pharmaceutical company Abfero, which portfolios, kicked off promotional during the summer of 2019 with at least has an initiative to develop therapies for activities and websites, and grown staff. one internship turning into a full-time retinal and auto-degenerative diseases, Each of these companies have achieved position after graduation. Unfortunately, which could be aligned with the significant milestones in the past year. due to COVID-19, internships for the Photonics Center’s efforts on the NRT PlenOptika was awarded a MassSTART spring and summer of 2020 have been grant. grant from MassVentures and secured much lower than typical. Despite this, funding through a seed SAFE the BU undergraduate engineering The full list of FY20 tenants instrument. The company also achieved students are impressive and at least can be found in the nearby table. These significant product achievements gaining two that excelled on their senior design companies made full use of BU facilities the CE Mark indicating conformity projects now have internships at a BIC to continue product development, to health, safety, and environmental company. solicit investment, and cultivate their protection standards for product initial customers. The value of the sold in the European Economic area. The Photonics Center and Business Innovation Center can be best Altogether, PlenOptika’s products BIC operate at the intersection of summarized by comments from the have been used on 1.5 million patients photonics/nano-engineering and life CEO of ClearIt: “Our relationship with across 25 countries in the last 1.5 years. sciences. The companies joining BIC the Photonics Center and collaboration JanaCare obtained FDA 510(k) clearance have access to specialized photonics with BU faculty and staff has and for their Aina Monitoring System, tools which is a unique benefit that is continues to play a significant role in an automated glycated hemoglobin not replicated in the Boston area. Some our achievement. Our success at the test system, that is among the first of the additional benefits and services Photonics Center has enabled us to smartphone-based blood testing devices available to BIC companies include: forge new relationships in the Boston approved by the FDA. facility management, Environmental area … We greatly appreciate and Health & Safety (EHS) support, are thankful to everyone at Boston The COVID-19 crisis has conference and catering services, library University who continues to make impacted both the Center’s management resources, invitations to Photonics ClearIt a success.” of BIC and the operation of each of the Center conferences, symposia, guest BIC companies. Space that was set aside lectures and all networking events, for prospective tenants in FY21, has now opportunities for collaboration with been put on-hold in order to use the leaders in Photonics, Nanotechnology space for social distancing. The revenue and Materials research, and a pipeline expected from the Premise Licensing of talented and entrepreneurial Fees and the number of companies in young scientist/engineers available BIC, are still at or above peak levels for internships. The available space but will not be at the pre-COVID-19 includes shared office space, private forecasts. An indicator of the quality of office space, and wet lab and optical the BIC companies is that each of the laboratory spaces. In addition, BIC companies is weathering the crisis and also has room for four companies in a continues product development with Bio-Safety Level 2 (BSL-2) space, which minimal impact on their employees. was partially funded by Massachusetts This demonstrates the sophistication Life Sciences Center (MLSC), a quasi- BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 19 List of FY20 Photonics Center Innovation Center Tenants

Company Name Origin Status Change Technology Market Sector Funding

Treatments for Retinal Abfera Oxford (UK) Departed and Neuro-Degenera- Healthcare Venture tive Diseases

Corporate Optoelectronic Medical Technol- AEMtec New Corporate Spin-out Circuits ogy, Telecomm

Corporate Analog Devices Inc. New MEMS Healthcare Corporate Spin-out

Boston Grants and Beta Bionics Departed Artificial Pancreas Healthcare University Venture

License from Corporate and Bioventus Departed Bone Growth Protein Healthcare Pfizer Private Equity

Nuclear Magnetic Bitome MIT New Resonance (NMR) Healthcare Grants Spectroscopy

De Nova Pain-Free Tattoo Self-Funded and ClearIt None Healthcare Start-up Removal Private Equity

Diagnostics for Grants and JanaCare Harvard None Healthcare Chronic Diseases Venture

Non-Invasive White Grants and Leuko Labs MIT None Healthcare Blood Cell Monitor Venture

Matregenix Electo-Spun BUild Lab Departed Platform for Healthcare Self-Funded Tissue Growth

Neural Dynamics Micro-Electrodes and MIT New Healthcare Grants Technologies Implantable Devices

NXTEC Corpora- Boston Univer- Grants and New Data Analytics Healthcare tion sity Venture

Autorefractor Using PlenOptika MIT None Wavefront Aberrom- Healthcare Grants and Angel etry

Poly6 High Performance MIT Departed Healthcare Grants Technologies Polymers

Boston Primetaz New Metamaterials Healthcare Grants University

Thorlabs Corporate New Optical Tools Multiple Corporate

Boston Grants and Stra- 149Medical New Imaging Healthcare University tegic Partners

20 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 Events & Programs

THE PHOTONICS PHOTONICS SEMINAR CALENDAR CENTER offers an exciting array of events and programs throughout Over the past year, the BU Photonics Center organized and hosted the following the year to engage the community Photonics Forums, Events, and Speakers: and offer enriching opportunities to Boston University, Boston area Date Speaker Title universities, and local companies. September 17, 2019 Kentek Corporation Laser Safety Van These events foster interdisciplinary discussion and encourage faculty and September 25, 2019 Assistant Professor Probing Structure-Function students to collaborate with a variety of Maria Kamenetska, Relationships Using Single professionals on fundamental research. Boston University Molecule Techniques October 7, 2019 Bootstrap Composting and Recycling at The Photonics Center hosts Composting the BU Photonics Center two monthly events: The Photonics Forums and the Photonics Cafes. The October 16, 2019 Boston University BU Sourcing Services Photonics Forums, held on the fourth Sourcing Wednesday of each month throughout October 30, 2019 Cornelius Gath, Laboratory Safety Training the fall of 2019 and the early part of Boston University, the spring semester of 2020, gave EHS the community opportunities to participate in technical discussions in March 5, 2020 Dr. Charles Lin, Intravital Microscopy: In an open forum over lunch. Speakers Massachusetts Search of Molecular Targets are selected to discuss their current General Hospital research endeavors and the real-world (Hosted by BU applications of their research. Student Chapter of OSA/SPIE) The Cafes bring together the February 19, 2020 Dr. Denise Cai, Chasing After the Ever Fluid faculty, students, staff, and innovation Mount Sinai Memory Ensemble center company employees in an informal setting for conversation and collaboration. The Cafes are hosted on CELL-MET ERC EVENTS the second Friday of each month from September through April in the West Photonics Center staff organized the following CELL-MET ERC events during End Lounge. the 2019-2020 fiscal year.

The Photonics Center Date Event organizes and hosts an annual ice August 16, 2019 Workforce Development & Education/Inclu- cream truck, cookout, holiday party, sion Team Retreat and bi-annual Laboratory Cleaning Day. October 2, 2019 Senior Leadership Team Retreat Photonics Center staff also support March 18-20, 2020 ERC Annual NSF Site Visit* additional meetings and gatherings with *This event was ultimately postponed due to COVID-19. industry and faculty. In addition, Photonics Center staff supports a monthly student journal club, weekly technical seminars, monthly team calls, and weekly community building yoga The Photonics Center also sessions. A team newsletter was also developed and distributed in the fall and spring, as hosts a distinguished seminar organized well as an internal communication with minutes and highlights from the CELL-MET All- by the BU student chapter of OSA/ hands call for all faculty, students, and staff. SPIE with support from the Photonics Center.

BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 21 NEUROPHOTONICS EVENTS

This past year, the Photonics and Neurophotonics Centers continued to co-sponsor Neurophotonics/ NRT and department joint seminars with a focus on Neurophotonics. Photonics Center staff played a role in planning and managing the following seminars and symposia and supported additional smaller events for the Neurophotonics Center.

Date Speaker July 30, 2019 Associate Professor Anna Devor, Boston University September 16, 2019 Biology, Neurophotonics and NRT Fall Seminar with Dr. Donald Arnold December 18, 2019 Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics, and NRT Seminar with Dr. Polina Anikeeva January 14, 2020 BU Neurophotonics Center Annual Symposium February 20, 2020 Center for Systems Neuroscience Research on Tap

22 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 23rd Annual Photonics Center Symposium

This year, the 23rd Annual Photonics Center Symposium focused on Enabling Precision Medicine through Innovations in Biophotonics. The symposium drew over 200 attendees from BU, other academic institutions, industry, and government. Photonics Professor Ji-Xin Cheng chaired a successful conference with Photonics Center staff planning and managing the symposium.

The agenda for this year’s symposium featured presentations by researchers from leading academic institutions.

The speakers included: • Federico Capasso, Harvard University, USA • Ji-Xin Cheng, Boston University, USA • Naomi Halas, Rice University, USA • Ann McKee, Boston University, USA • Vasilis Ntziachristos, Technische University, Germany • Gabriel Popescu, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA • Vahid Sandoghdar, Max Planck Institute, Germany • Seok-Hyun Yun, Harvard University, USA

At the conclusion of this year’s conference, a reception and electronic poster board session was held where participants, students, and speakers discussed their research in an informal setting.

BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 23 Facilities & Equipment

and optoelectronic wafer and chip needed for making sections for TEM BUILDING PROJECTS fabrication. The facility includes viewing and SEM preparation. Included both a Class 100 photolithography in this preparation room is a cut off PHO 712C – NSF CELL-MET cleanroom and a Class 1000 cleanroom saw, a sample core, a polisher, and an ERC BSL2 Laboratory with processing and test equipment ion tool for final thinning of TEM for die and wafer level processing and samples. The equipment can be used by The former Class 100 measurement. In addition, there is any trained users who wish to prepare Cleanroom, located in room 712C at equipment facilitating wet chemical sample for TEM and SEM usage. the Photonics Center, was repurposed processing, thin film depositions, and renovated for a much needed plasma etching and cleaning, Materials Science & Engineering BSL2/optics space for CELL-MET metallization, thermal oxidation, Shared Lab (MSE Shared Lab) research. Construction is complete, but thermal annealing, wire bonding, and with COVID-19 restrictions, the team electrical characterization. The MSE Shared Lab is a hasn’t yet moved into the space. multi-user facility for materials science Precision Measurement characterization and houses a variety of PHO 509/609 – Former Draw Laboratory (PML) equipment including processing hoods Tower Space for materials preparation. Equipment PML is comprised of two housed within MSE includes Bruker After the two-story Fiber laboratories located in the basement of X-ray equipment, Zeiss micro-CT, Optic Draw tower was removed from the Photonics Center, with scanning Asylum inverted fluorescent AFM, and between the fifth and sixth floor, the electron and atomic force microscopy a Renishaw Raman Microscope. resulting hole needed to be filled. This among other analytical surface offered an opportunity to create a new characterization tools. In one of the lab laboratory temporary space for new spaces, the Bruker FTIR Vertex 70V faculty or for faculty whose labs were and Hyperion Microscope are available undergoing renovation and on the for use. The second laboratory space sixth floor an expansion of graduate includes: a Veeco (formerly Digital student shared office space. Instruments) Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), a Pico-Force AFM System, a Zeiss Supra 40VP Field Emission SHARED LABORATORY FACILITIES Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), the Zygo NewView 9000, The four shared labs at the and a Zeiss Supra 55VP FESEM. Photonics Center contain a variety of instruments and capabilities, designed to Focused Ion Beam/Transmission serve the needs of the Photonics Center Electron Microscope Facility and Boston University community. (FTF) In addition to BU usage, the shared facilities are also accessible on a fee-for- The FIB/TEM Facility, also use basis by current and former BIC located in the basement, is comprised companies, outside universities, and of two separate rooms with capabilities outside companies. to measure material composition, image surface morphology, and Optoelectronic Processing Facility micro/nano machined materials. This (OPF) laboratory houses a FEI Quanta 3D Field Emission Gun Focused Ion Beam OPF is a multi-user 2500 sq. (FEG FIB) system in one room, and a ft. facility located on the 8th floor FEI Tecnai Osiris 200kV S/TEM in the of the Photonics Center. The facility second room. The neighboring sample contains equipment for semiconductor preparation room contains the tools 24 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 These photos were taken in the labs of Associate Professor Xue Han and Professor Roberto Paiella. BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 25 Strategic Goals

CENTRAL TO THE critical review, management, and ARL’s Enterprise for Multiscale PHOTONICS CENTER logistical support for large scale, Research of Materials. STRATEGIC PLAN is an complex collaborations proposed operational model where the for external sponsorship, including At the BIC, Photonics Center Center functions as a university research and educational projects. leadership are implementing strategic resource – promoting, supporting, Major successes were the award of changes that align it more closely with and sustaining allied research centers the NRT grant on Understanding ongoing research and educational and interdisciplinary programs the Brain (UtB) in FY17, and the activities. The BIC also closed on across BU. The Center has been award of the CELL-MET ERC in four strategic partners, creating a conducting business as an Institute, FY18. The support continues post- portfolio of corporate technology leading on several activities such award with project administration and market specialists that enhance as the BIC, and assistance on the Center’s reputation for innovation compliance matters and excellence. managing and The Photonics Center equipping shared from sponsor laboratories, and [assumed] leadership and University The Photonics Center staff also administering/ roles in Student perspectives. The prepared for a formal center review supporting grants Engagement and Photonics Center organized through the BU Office of and supporting provides outsized Research with the goal of keeping affiliated units. Research Experience support for the the Photonics Center at the leading Programs, Workforce CELL-MET ERC, edge of innovation – this was delayed Some Development assuming leadership from the spring of 2020 due to roles in Student COVID-19 and will be rescheduled. of the affiliated and Education, units include the Engagement and Materials Science Innovation Ecosystem, Research Experience and Engineering Administration, Programs, Division, the Budget and Workforce Development Neurophotonics Compliance, and the Center, and and Education, most recently Imaging Thrust. Innovation the CELL-MET Ecosystem, Engineering Administration, Research Center. With respect Budget and Compliance, and the to the Materials Division, the Imaging Thrust. Photonics Center has managed substantial renovations for the The resources and expertise of the Materials Division and co-manages Photonics Center staff are employed shared labs such as the FTF and the to manage several training grants Materials Shared Lab. In addition to that include: RET, REU and NRT these facilities, the Photonics Center grants. In addition, the Center also also manages two other shared supports major faculty-awarded labs as described in the section on grants such as the Department of facilities, as well as the faculty labs in Defense grant on Multi-Scale Multi- the building. Disciplinary Modeling of Electronic Materials (MSME). MSME is a major In support of its strategic grant involving close collaborations goal of expanding core programs with the ARL’s research scientist at for research support, the Photonics the Sensors and Electronic Devices Center provides strategic advice, Directorate and interactions with 26 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 Scholarly Work of the Photonics Center Faculty

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Zhao, X., Wang, Y., Schalch, J., Duan, G., Cremin, K., Zhang, J., . . . Zhang, X. (2019). Optically Modulated Ultra-broadband All-silicon Metamaterial Terahertz Absorbers. ACS Photonics, 6(4), 830-837. doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.8b01644

Zhao, X., Zhang, J., Fan, K., Duan, G., Schalch, J., Keiser, G., . . . Zhang, X. (2019). Real-time Tunable Phase Response and Group Delay in Broadside Coupled Split-ring Resonators. Physical Review B, 99(24), 245111. doi:10.1103/physrevb.99.245111

Nazari, M., Xi, M., Aronson, M., Hong, M., Gummuluru, S., Sgro, A., Ziegler, L . . . Reinhard, B. (2019). Resonant Gold Nanoparticles Achieve Plasmon- Enhanced Pan-Microbial Pathogen Inactivation in the Shockwave Regime. ACS Apple. Nano Mater., 2(2), 2548- 2558. doi:10.1021/acsanm.9b00552

Tiger Launch Competition: CELL-MET’s Cardiometry team (shown below from left to right: Jenny Sun (BU), Christos Michas (BU), Ayse Muñiz (UM), Ben Swanson (UM), and Josh Javor (BU), participated in the regional competition of the TigerLaunch business plan competition sponsored by the Princeton Entrepreneurs Club. Cardiometry presented to a panel of venture investors and business experts at the regional competition in Chicago on February 15th and, again, did an outstanding job, advancing to the finals at Princeton. (Photo Courtesy of Professor Alice White)

BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 35 Lei Tian received a Hariri Institute Lighting Applications. AWARDS Research Incubation Award. Brown, K., , & Reever Stooss, David Bishop was a member of the Walsh, B. John White was elected President of National Academy of Engineering. A. (2019, August 27). US10392134, the Biomedical Engineering Society. Propulsion and gas-moving systems using travelling-wave gas dielectrophoresis. Keith Brown was awarded the John White was elected a Fellow of the “Frontiers of Materials Award” from International Academy of Medical and the Minerals, Metals, and Materials Dal Negro, L., Chen, Y., & Britton, W. Biological Engineering. Society which was conferred in (2019, May 9). US62845517, Novel 4-level February 2020. diffractive axilenses and uses thereof. Xin Zhang was elected a Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors. , Chen, Y., & Britton, W. Ji-Xin Cheng was awarded the 2019 Dal Negro, L. Ellis R. Lippincott Award from the (2019, September 13). US62900,009, Xin Zhang was awarded an IET Optical Society of America, the Society Ultra-compact diffractive optical elements and Innovation Award from the Institution for Applied Spectroscopy, and the uses thereof. of Engineering and Technology. Coblentz Society. Ekinci, K., Kara, V., Debbie, S., Xin Zhang was elected an APS Fellow & Chuanhua, D. (2020, March 31). Ji-Xin Cheng was a Fellow of the from the American Physical Society. Optical Society of America. US15669,069, Method and device for Anna Devor was a 2019 American antibiotic susceptibility testing based on Institute for Medical and Biological PATENTS fluctuations of electrical resistance in a Engineering Fellow. microchannel. Pal, U., Basu, S., Gasper, P., & Lu, Y. Meade, R., Mehta, K., Megged, E., Ajay Joshi was a Senior Member of the (2019, May 14). US20180023211A1, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Nanoparticle deposition in porous and on Orcutt, J., Popovic, M., Ram, R., Engineers. planar substrates. Tehar-Zahav, O. (2019, April 19). US0245100A1, Method and optoelectronic structure providing polysilicon photonic devices Ajay Joshi was awarded a Google Pal, U., Basu, S., Zhang, Y., & Xu, J. Faculty Research Award. (2019, April 23). US20150259808A1, with different optical properties in different Method and apparatus for producing solar regions. Maria Kamenetska was a Scialog grade silicon using a SOM electrolysis process. Fellow for Chemical Machinery of the Meade, R., Mehta, K., Megged, E., Cell at the Scialog Research Corporation Bifano, T., Goldberg, B., Unlu, Orcutt, J., Ram, R., Popovic, M., Tehar- for Science Advancement. S., Ramsay, E., Koklu, F., Yurt, A., . Zahav, O. (2019, June 4). US10312388, . . Stockbridge, C. (2019, January 8). Method and optoelectronic structure providing polysilicon photonic devices with different optical Siddharth Ramachandran was US10175476, Solid immersion microscopy awarded a Vannevar Bush Faculty system with deformable mirror for correction of properties in different regions. Fellowship from the United States aberrations. Department of Defense. Pavanello, F., & Popovic, M. (2019, Bishop, D., Holyoke, M., Cannel, January 22). US10185205, CMOS compatible optical modulators. Michelle Sander was awarded a G., Chang, J., & Imboden, M. (2019, National Science Foundation Career January 15). US15274414, Widely tunable Award. cavity filter using low voltage, large out of Popovic, M., Ram, R., Stojanovic, plane actuation MEMS. V., Sun, C., Wade, M., & Wright, A. (2020, March 3). US20190089116A1, Michelle Sander received a Boston University Undergraduate Research Bishop, D., Holyoke, M., Kannel, G., Multi-wavelength laser system for optical data Opportunities Program Award. Beacken, M., Chang, J., & Imboden, M. communication links and associated methods. (2019, October 8). US15274433, Mems Michelle Sander was a Senior Member device with large out-of-plane actuation and Yi, J. (2019, July 2). US10337995B2, of the Optical Society of America. low-resistance interconnect and methods of use. Systems and methods for oblique laser scanning.

Lei Tian received a National Science Little, T., Bishop, D., Morrison, J., Zhang, X., Anderson, S., W., Duan, Foundation Career Award. & Matthias, I. (2019, October 22). G., & Zhao, X. (2019, June 18). US10451808B2, MEMS Devices for Smart US20180356483A1/US10324152B2,

36 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 Apparatus for improving magnetic resonance imaging.

Zhang, X., Anderson, S., Duan, G., & Zhao, X. (2019, November 21). AU2018279078A1 (Australia), Apparatus for improving magnetic resonance imaging.

Zhang, X., Anderson, S., Duan, G., & Zhao, X. (2019, October 3). US20190302209A1, Apparatus for improving magnetic resonance imaging.

Zhang, X., Anderson, S., Duan, G., & Zhao, X. (2020, January 10). CN110678769A (China), Apparatus for improving magnetic resonance imaging.

Zhang, X., Ghaffarivardavagh, R., & Anderson, S. (2019, August 2). US16530662, Air-transparent selective sound silencer using ultra-open metamaterial.

Zhang, X., Ghaffarivardavagh, R., & Anderson, S. (2019, August 2). PCT/US2019044957, Air- transparent selective sound silencer using ultra-open metamaterial.

The CuPID Cubesat Observatory team puts the finishing touches on the ground station on the roof of Photonics. The antenna will be used for radio communication with the spacecraft in orbit. (Photo Courtesy of Assistant Professor Brian Walsh)

BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 37 Faculty List

Stephan Anderson Thomas Bifano David Boas Jerry Chen Professor, MED, ME Professor, ME, MSE, BME Professor, BME, ECE Assistant Professor, Biology, BME 820 Harrison Ave. 8 Saint Mary’s St., 927 610 Commonwealth Ave, 804 8 Saint Mary’s St., 827 617-638-6610 617-353-8908 617-358-1709 617-353-1276 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Research interests: Research interests: Research interests: Research interests: • Radiology • Microelectromechanical systems • Neurophotonics • Long-range cortical • Adaptive optics communications

Soumendra Basu Professor, ME, MSE Keith Brown Irving Bigio Assistant Professor, ME, MSE, Physics Ji-Xin Cheng 730 Commonwealth Ave. Professor, BME, ECE, Physics, Professor, ECE, BME, MSE Medicine 8 Saint Mary’s St., 920 EMA 204 8 Saint Mary’s St., 827 617-353-6728 627-353-4841 44 Cummington Mall, 233 [email protected] 617-353-1276 [email protected] 617-358-1987 [email protected] [email protected] Research interests: Research interests: • Top-down pattering and bottom- Research interests: • Environmental degradation of Research interests: • Label-free microscopy materials at elevated temperatures up assembly • Biomedical optics • Mesoscale soft materials • Medical Photonics • Structure and stability of • Medical applications of optics, interfaces • Scanning probe techniques

John Connor David Bishop Scott Bunch Associate Professor, MED Enrico Bellotti Professor, MSE, ME, ECE, BME, Associate Professor, ME, MSE 72 E. Concord St., R516 Professor, ECE, MSE Physics 110 Cummington Mall, 404 617-638-0339 8 Saint Mary’s St., 533 8 St. Mary’s St., 609 617-353-7706 [email protected] 617-358-1576 617-358-4080 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Research interests: Research interests: • Label-free virus detection Research interests: Research interests: • Experimental nanomechanics of • Identification of biomarkers of • Computational electronics • Low temperature physics 2D materials infection • Semiconductor materials • Mechanical properties of materials • Molecular transport through • Virus/host interactions at low temperatures porous graphene • MEMS and NEMS • Graphene adhesion

38 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 Luca Dal Negro Kamil Ekinci Bennett Goldberg Allyn Hubbard Professor, ECE, MSE, Physics Professor, ME, MSE Professor Emeritus, Physics Professor Emeritus, ECE, BME 8 St. Mary’s St., 825 110 Cummington Mall, 401 [email protected] [email protected] 617-358-2627 617-353-8670 [email protected] [email protected] Research interests: Research interests: • Biological sensors • Auditory physiology Research interests: Research interests: • Semiconductor IC optic failure • Neurocomputing and biosensors • Nanophotonics • Nanophotonics and nano- analysis • Optics of complex media • Nanotubes and nano-optics

Ajay Joshi Shyamsunder Erramilli Allison Dennis Associate Professor, ECE Professor, Physics, BME, MSE Assistant Professor, BME, MSE Lee Goldstein 8 St. Mary’s St.,334 8 St. Mary’s St., 731 590 Commonwealth Ave., 214 Associate Professor, Psychiatry 617-353-4840 617-353-8509 617-353-6114 670 Albany St., 4th floor [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 617-414-8361 [email protected] Research interests: Research interests: Research interests: • On-chip and off-chip interconnect • Nanobiotechnology • Infrared and Raman microscopy Research interests: design • Flourescent biosensing • Quantum cascade laser sources • Alzheimers disease • Computer architecture • Quantum dot chemistry • Biometals and metallomics • Flourescence resonance energy • Molecular aging disorders transfer (FRET)

Helen Fawcett Research Assistant Professor, ME Maria Kamenetska Associate Professor, Chemistry, Physics, 8 St. Mary’s St., 935 MSE 857-753-1719 Xue Han Anna Devor Associate Professor, BME Associate Professor, BME [email protected] 610 Commonwealth Ave., 805B 8 St. Mary’s St.,910A 617-358-6189 617-353-2500 New Center Member Research interests: [email protected] • Biodetection, optics, nanoscale [email protected] 610 Commonwealth Ave., 803 lithography, and imaging Research interests: 858-232-9940 Research interests: • Intermolecular interface in [email protected] • Neurotechnology biological and man-made devices Research interests: • Cellular and Systems-Level Neuroscience • Neuroimaging

Christopher Gabel Associate Professor, MED 700 Albany St. 617-638-4267 [email protected]

Research interests: • Optical neurophysiology • Femtosecond laser surgery

BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 39 Research interests: • Photonic material processing • fabrication, lasers, and sensors

Siddharth Ramachandran Catherine Klapperich Kenneth Rothschild Professor, ECE, MSE, Physics Professor, BME, ME, MSE Professor, Physics 8 St. Mary’s St., 521 44 Cummington Mall, 701A 617-353-9881 590 Commonwealth Ave, 209 617-358-0253 [email protected] 617-353-2603 [email protected] Theodore Moustakas [email protected] Research interests: Research interests: Professor Emeritus, ECE, MSE, Physics • Micro and nano optical fibers Research interests: • Nanomechanics of hydrated [email protected] • Optical physics of guided waves • Biomembrane technology and biomaterials biomolecular photonics • Microfluidic device design Research interests: • Ion transport • Growth by MBE and HVPE of nitride semiconductors • Amorphous semiconductors

Steve Ramirez Assistant Professor, Psychological & Xi Ling Brain Sciences Assistant Professor, Chemistry, MSE Michael Ruane Professor Emeritus, ECE 590 Commonwealth Ave., 273 New Center Member [email protected] 617-358-0253 610 Commonwealth Ave., 905C [email protected] Roberto Paiella 617-358-1554 Research interests: Professor, ECE, MSE [email protected] Research interests: • Resonant cavity biosensors • Nanomaterials and their hybrid 8 St. Mary’s St., 529 Research interests: structures 617-353-8883 • Memory and Optogenetics • Synthesis of van der Waals [email protected] materials Research interests: • Terahertz photonics • Plasmonics and related optoelectronic device applications

Michelle Sander Associate Professor, ECE, MSE

Bjorn Reinhard 8 St. Mary’s St., 534 Professor, Chemistry 617-358-0505 Jerome Mertz [email protected] Professor, BME, ECE, Physics 8 St. Mary’s St., 727 617-353-8669 Research interests: [email protected] • Femtosecond lasers 24 Cummington Mall, 202 617-358-0746 Milos Popovic Research interests: [email protected] Associate Professor, ECE • Micro and nano optical fibers 8 St. Mary’s St., 726 • New optical materials Research interests: 617-358-6188 • Development and applications [email protected] of novel optical microscopy for biological imaging Research interests: • High resolution imaging • Silicon photonics • First-principles theory and design of integrated photonic devices Ben Scott Assistant Professor, Psychological & Brain Sciences Darren Roblyer Associate Professor, BME New Center Member 44 Cummington Mall, 231 610 Commonwealth Ave., 705C 617-358-1554 617-353-7682 Theodore Morse [email protected] [email protected] Professor Emeritus, ECE Research interests: Research interests: [email protected] • Diffuse optics • Neural Dynamics • Optical Imaging 40 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 Joshua Semeter Alexander Sushkov Lei Tian Brian Walsh Professor, ECE Assistant Professor, Physics, ECE Assistant Professor, ECE Assistant Professor, ME, ECE 8 St. Mary’s St., 537 110 Cummington Mall, 303 590 Comm. Ave, 213 8 St. Mary’s St., 830 617-358-3498 617-353-3414 617-353-2619 617-353-1334 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Research interests: Research interests: Research interests: Research interests: • Ionospheric and space plasma • Space plasma dynamics • Quantum tools for precision • Computational imaging and physics • Solar wind-planetary coupling measurements sensing • Image processing • Small spacecraft • Magnetic imaging • Gigapixel 3D microscopy • Compressive imaging

Alice White Alexander Sergienko Anna Swan Professor, ME, MSE, BME, Physics Professor, ECE Associate Professor, ECE, MSE, Physics Barry Unger 110 Cummington Mall, 107 8 St. Mary’s St.,729 Professor Emeritus, MET 617-353-6564 617-353-4846 8 St. Mary’s St., 828 [email protected] [email protected] 617-353-1275 [email protected] [email protected] Research interests: Research interests: Research interests: Research interests: • Nanoscale 3D printing • Ultrafast quantum optics • High technology • Interactions of biomaterials with • Mechanical metamaterials • Quantum metrology • Venture capital businesses • Quantum biophotonics nanostructures • Carbon nanotubes

John White Professor, BME Andre Sharon Selim Unlu Professor, ME, MSE Malvin Teich Professor, ECE, BME, MSE 44 Cummington Mall, 403 15 St. Mary’s St., 101 Professor Emeritus, ECE, BME, 617-353-2805 617-353-1888 Physics 8 St. Mary’s St., 826 [email protected] [email protected] 617-353-5067 [email protected] [email protected] Research interests: Research interests: • Mechanisms of episodic memory • Electromechanical machines Research interests: Research interests: • Pathophysiology of epilepsy • Fiber optic manufacture • Quantum photonics • Near-field optical microscopy • Computational neuroscience • Biomedical devices • Neural coding • Nanoscale imaging of biological samples • Biosensors

BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 41 Chen Yang Lawrence Ziegler Associate Professor, Chemistry, ECE Professor, Chemistry

8 Saint Mary’s St., 829 8 St. Mary’s St., 719 617-358-4837 617-353-8663 [email protected] [email protected]

Research interests: Research interests: • Nano materials for their potential • Spontaneous resonance Raman applications in nanoscale devices studies of photodissociative and and biological applications biological chromophores

FACULTY COMMITTEES

The Photonics Center has four standing committees that support and serve its faculty and staff. The Photonics Center Director appoints committee chairs each year. Ji Yi Assistant Professor, Medicine, BME • Photonics Center Guest Speakers: 2019-2020 Chair – 650 Albany St. 617-638-6599 Timothy Weber [email protected] The Distinguished Speaker Seminar Series is managed by student Research interests: leaders of the BU student chapters of the OSA and SPIE. With • Novel optical techniques for early support by the Photonics Center for travel and seminar expenses, disease detection • Monitoring disease progression students host a distinguished speaker of their choice each and prognosis semester.

• Academic Advisory: 2019-2020 Chair – Professor Thomas Bifano The Academic Advisory Committee advises the Director of the Photonics Center on educational and academic issues and is comprised of the chairs from the Center’s affiliated departments. Xin Zhang Professor, ME, MSE, ECE, BME • Space Allocation: 2019-2020 Chair – Professor Thomas 8 St. Mary’s St., 921 Bifano 617-353-2702 This committee chair generates policy guidelines for space [email protected] management. Research interests: • Micro nanomaterials • Micro nanomechanics • Symposium: 2019-2020 Chair – Professor Ji-Xin Cheng This committee chair was the chair of the 23rd annual Photonics Center Symposium that focused on Enabling Precision Medicine Through Innovations in Biophotonics. The symposium included university speakers.

42 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 Photonics Ph.D.s and Dissertation Titles

Photonics Center Academic Year 2019-2020 Ph.D. Graduates and Dissertation Titles Faculty Member Soumendra Basu Yanchen Lu “Improving Intermediate Temperature Performance of Ni-YSZ Cermet Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells by Infiltration of Nickel Nanoparticles” Enrico Bellotti Andreu Glasmann “Numerical Simulation and Data-Driven Analysis of Infrared Detector Performance” David Bishop Corey Pollock “MEMS Mirrors and Controls for Indoor Optical Wireless Communication” Keith Brown Nourin Alsharif “Interrogation of Nanostructured Soft Materials & Interfaces from Fundamental to Emergent Properties” Wenhan Cao “From Single Particle Polarization to Assembling and Imaging Hierarchical Materials” Le Li “Polymer Thin Films: Nanomechanics and Optomechanical Actuation” Scott Bunch David Lloyd “Engineering with Atomically thin Materials: Making Crystal Grains, Strains, and Nanoporous Membranes” Shyam Errammilli Mina Nazari “Plasmonically Enhanced Photonic Inactivation of Pathogens” Christopher Gabel Mehraj Awal “The Breakdown of Neural Function Under Anesthesia” Xue Han Mark Edward Bucklin “Tools for Interfacing, Extracting, and Analyzing Neural Signals Using Wide-Field Fluorescence Imaging and Optogenetics in Awake Behaving Mice” Susie Cha “Calcium Imaging for Stem Cell Grafts in Mouse Neocortex: Continuous Tracking and Assessment of Functional Integration” Ajay Joshi Ma Yenai “Cross-Layer Design of Thermally-Aware 2.5D Systems” Catherine Klapperich Nikunja Kolluri “Improved Methods for Point of Care Detection of Blood-Borne Pathogens” Jerome Mertz Timothy Weber “Transillumination Techniques in Ophthalmic Imaging” Roberto Paiella Xiaowei Wang “Light-Emission Engineering Based on Active Strain Tuning in Nanomembranes and Photonic Metasurfaces” Siddharth Gautam Prabhakar “Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Anuglar Momentum Carrying States of Ramachandran Optical Fibers” Bjorn Reinhard Min Xi “Tunable Nanomaterials for Infrared Plasmonics” Darren Roblyer Syeda Tabassum “Longitudinal Monitoring of Chemotherapy Response in Preclinical Oncology Models Using Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDO)” Kavon Karrobi “Diffuse and Nonlinear Imaging for In Vivo Monitoring of Structure and Function in Preclinical Tumors” Joshua Semeter Nithin Sivadas “Remote Sensing of Energetic Electron Precipitation” Sebastijan Mrak “GNSS Remote Sensing of Space Weather at Mid-latitudes: Ionospheric Irregularities and Source Analysis” Alexander Sergienko John Snyder “Infrared to Ultraviolet Quantum Frequency Conversion in Micron-Scale Periodically Poled Titanium Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguides” Selim Unlu Fulya Ekiz Kanik “Development of Single-Particle Couting Assays with Interferometric Reflectance Imaging “ Alice White Rachael K. Jayne “Direct Laser Writing to Enable Fundamental Cell Studies”

Chen Yang Yimin Huang “Functional Nano-Bio Interfaces for Cell Modulation” Kate Hansen “Synthesis and Design of Alternative Plasmonic Materials for Core-Multishell Nanowire Photonic Devices” Xin Zhang David Sutherland “Water Infused Surface Protection as an Active Mechanism to Reduce Fibrin Adhesion on Central Venous Catheters” Aobo Li “Diatom Enabled Advanced Functional Materials” Reza Ghaffarivardavagh “Tailoring Acoustic Waves with Metamaterials and Metasurfaces” Lawrence Ziegler Parth P. Shah “Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy of Nitrous Oxide as a Probe in Salt Water and Supercritical Sulfur Hexafluoride” BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 43 Leadership & Staff

Dr. Thomas Bifano Meghan Foley Paul Mak Director Administration & Laboratory Manager Finance Manager 8 St. Mary’s St., 927 8 St. Mary’s St., 821 617-353-8908 8 St. Mary’s St., 931 617-353-8869 [email protected] 617-358-4438 [email protected] [email protected]

Yvonne Cancino Brenda Hugot Beth Mathisen Building Operations Program Manager Communications & Manager Events Manager 8 St. Mary’s St., 933 BU 8 St. Mary’s St.,938A 617-353-1910 8 St. Mary’s St., 937 617-358-0480 [email protected] 617-353-8907 [email protected] [email protected]

Carolyn Castillo Nozomi Ito Cara Ellis McCarthy Administrative Intern, Administrative Director, Finance, ERC Manager, ERC Administration & Personnel Management 8 St. Mary’s St., 918 8 St. Mary’s St., 917 617-358-1035 617-353-2442 8 St. Mary’s St., 928 ccastil1@@bu.edu [email protected] 617-358-4257 [email protected]

Thomas Dudley Cynthia Kowal Alexey Nikiforov Director of Senior Proposal Laboratory Manager Technical & Industry Development Engagement Administrator 8 St. Mary’s St., 909 617-353-9045 8 St. Mary’s St., 929 8 St. Mary’s St., 938 [email protected] 617-358-4924 617-353-8656 [email protected] [email protected]

Helen Fawcett Anlee Krupp Director of Laboratory Manager Operations & Program Management 8 St. Mary’s St., 933 617-353-9044 8 St. Mary’s St., 935 [email protected] 857-753-1719

44 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 Photonics Center Organizational Chart

Thomas Bifano Director

Thomas Dudley Helen Fawcett Cara Ellis McCarthy Director of Technical & Industry Director of Operations & Director of Finance, Administration & Engagement Program Management Personnel Management

Yvonne Cancino Meghan Foley Building Operations Manager Administration & Finance Manager

Cynthia Kowal Brenda Hugot Senior Proposal Development Program Manager Administrator

Anlee Krupp Beth Mathisen Laboratory Manager Communications & Events Manager

Paul Mak Carolyn Castillo Laboratory Manager Administrative Intern, ERC

Alexey Nikiforov Nozomi Ito Laboratory Manager Administrative Manager, ERC

BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 45 LIST OF AWARDED GRANTS

Photonics faculty members received more than $37.9.M in new external funding in the past year. The following table lists funds in the fiscal year (July 1, 2019 - June 30, 2020), as reported by the Sponsored Programs office.

AWARD TITLE PI NAME SPONSOR FUNDING AMOUNT PERIOD FUNDED IN FY20 CENTER FOR TRANSLATIONAL ANDERSON Massachusetts Life Sciences 7/1/2019-6/30/2021 $4,991,000 NEUROTRAUMA IMAGING STEPHAN Center (CTNI) AT BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER PHASE I: DEMONSTRATION BASU Nissan North America Inc. 3/23/2020-3/31/2021 $96,968 OF CONFORMAL SOUMENDRA OXIDATION RESISTANCE COATINGS DEPOSITED BY ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION ON DENSE AND POROUS SUBSTRATES CRA: COMPUTATIONALLY- BELLOTTI University of Utah 1/1/2014-12/31/2021 $278,088 GUIDED DESIGN OF ENERGY ENRICO EFFICIENT ELECTRONIC MATERIALS (CDE3M) CRA: COMPUTATIONALLY- BELLOTTI University of Utah 1/1/2014-12/31/2021 $228,912 GUIDED DESIGN OF ENERGY ENRICO EFFICIENT ELECTRONIC MATERIALS (CDE3M) CENTER FOR SEMICONDUCTOR BELLOTTI Department of Defense/ARL 9/1/2017-11/30/2022 $120,132 MODELLING ENRICO FIELD EMITTER ROBUST BELLOTTI Florida International University 7/15/2019-2/14/2024 $79,650 VACUUM INTEGRATED ENRICO NANOELECTRONICS (FERVIN) AVALANCHE PHOTO- BELLOTTI Leonardo DRS 9/1/2019-4/30/2020 $25,000 DETECTORS MODELLING AND ENRICO OPTIMIZATION DARPA WIRED PHASE BELLOTTI HRL Laboratories, LLC 11/27/2019-5/31/2020 $70,004 3 : POLYCRYSTALLINE ENRICO SEMICONDUCTOR FOCII PHASE I BELLOTTI HRL Laboratories, LLC 6/1/2020-3/1/2021 $80,000 ENRICO OPTICAL AND BIFANO THOMAS Regents of the University of 9/1/2017-8/31/2020 $151,581 THERMOMECHANICAL DESIGN Minnesota OF HIGH REFLECTIVITY DEFORMABLE MEMBRANES A SWALLOWED-CAPSULE BIGIO IRVING NIH/National Institute of 9/30/2017-8/31/2020 $148,500 OPTICAL SCREENING TOOL FOR Biomedical Ima HISTOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ESOPHAGUS PERSONNEL AGREEMENT FOR BIGIO IRVING VA Boston Healthcare System 4/1/2020-6/30/2020 $100,688 THE RESEARCH SERVICES OF IRVING BIGIO PERSONNEL AGREEMENT FOR BIGIO IRVING VA Boston Healthcare System 6/1/2020-6/30/2020 $12,001 THE RESEARCH SERVICES OF OUSAMA A AMAR NANOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING BISHOP DAVID National Science Foundation 10/1/2017-9/30/2022 $99,988 RESEARCH CENTER FOR DIRECTED MULTISCALE ASSEMBLY OF CELLULAR METAMATERIALS WITH NANOSCALE PRECISION: CELL- MET

46 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 AWARD TITLE PI NAME SPONSOR FUNDING AMOUNT PERIOD FUNDED IN FY20 NANOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING BISHOP DAVID National Science Foundation 10/1/2017-9/30/2022 $4,000,000 RESEARCH CENTER FOR DIRECTED MULTISCALE ASSEMBLY OF CELLULAR METAMATERIALS WITH NANOSCALE PRECISION: CELL- MET CHIP-SCALE MAGNETO BISHOP DAVID Sony Corporation of America 7/1/2019-6/30/2020 $100,000 CARDIOGRAPHY IN AN AMBIENT ENVIRONMENT MICROSCOPIC FOUNDATION OF BOAS DAVID University of California, San 6/1/2017-5/31/2021 $159,390 MULTIMODAL HUMAN IMAGING Diego ESTABLISHING AN FNIRS BOAS DAVID NIH/National Institute of 1/1/2018-12/31/2021 $33,408 ECOSYSTEM FOR OPEN Neurological D SOFTWARE-HARDWARE DISSEMINATION ESTABLISHING AN FNIRS BOAS DAVID NIH/National Institute of 1/1/2018-12/31/2021 $300,673 ECOSYSTEM FOR OPEN Neurological D SOFTWARE-HARDWARE DISSEMINATION IMPROVING HUMAN FMRI BOAS DAVID Massachusetts General 11/1/2017-7/31/2021 $109,772 THROUGH MODELING AND Hospital IMAGING MICROVASCULAR DYNAMICS IMAGING AND ANALYSIS BOAS DAVID Massachusetts General 8/22/2018-5/31/2023 $370,066 TECHNIQUES TO CONSTRUCT Hospital A CELL CENSUS ATLAS OF THE HUMAN BRAIN ACOUSTO-OPTIC MODULATED BOAS DAVID General Hospital Corp d/b/a 7/1/2019-4/30/2020 $66,000 INTERFEROMETRIC DCS (IDCS) Massachusett OPERATING AT 1064 NM ACOUSTO-OPTIC MODULATED BOAS DAVID General Hospital Corp d/b/a 7/1/2019-4/30/2021 $66,000 INTERFEROMETRIC DCS (IDCS) Massachusett OPERATING AT 1064 NM TIME-GATED DIFFUSE BOAS DAVID Massachusetts General 9/21/2019-6/30/2024 $125,309 CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY Hospital FOR FUNCTIONAL IMAGING OF THE HUMAN BRAIN NONINVASIVE FAST OPTICAL BOAS DAVID Facebook Technologies, LLC 5/7/2019-11/4/2020 $97,148 CORRELATES OF NEURAL AND NEUROVASCULAR ACTIVITY MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS BOAS DAVID Facebook Technologies, LLC 3/26/2020-9/29/2020 $72,090 OF THE EFFECT OF NEURAL ACTIVATION AND VASCULAR DILATION ON THE DIFFUSE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY SIGNAL MEASURED NON- INVASIVELY IN THE HUMAN HEAD FIBER-BASED LASER SPECKLE BOAS DAVID Facebook Technologies, LLC 4/24/2020-3/9/2021 $241,131 CONTRAST IMAGING (MURI 15) A 4D NANOPRINTER BROWN KEITH Northwestern University 12/15/2016-3/14/2020 $100,000 FOR MAKING AND MANIPULATING MACROSCOPIC MATERIAL DESIGN OF HELMET BROWN KEITH Department of Defense/ 5/13/2020-5/12/2021 $120,000 PAD STRUCTURES USING Natick Soldier Res AUTONOMOUS EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH NEUROTECHNOLOGY HUB: CHEN JERRY University of California, Santa 10/1/2018-9/30/2019 $81,191 NEMONIC: NEXT-GENERATION Barbara MULTIPHOTON NEUROIMAGING CONSORTIUM

BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 47 AWARD TITLE PI NAME SPONSOR FUNDING AMOUNT PERIOD FUNDED IN FY20 NEUROTECHNOLOGY HUB: CHEN JERRY University of California, Santa 10/1/2018-9/30/2020 $261,910 NEMONIC: NEXT-GENERATION Barbara MULTIPHOTON NEUROIMAGING CONSORTIUM NEUROTECHNOLOGY HUB: CHEN JERRY University of California, Santa 10/1/2018-9/30/2020 $64,439 NEMONIC: NEXT-GENERATION Barbara MULTIPHOTON NEUROIMAGING CONSORTIUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY/ CHEN JERRY President and Fellows of 7/1/2019-6/30/2021 $50,000 MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE Harvard College OF TECHNOLOGY JOINT RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM IN BASICNEUROSCIENCE HIGHLY SENSITIVE CHEMICAL CHENG JI-XIN NIH/National Institute of 9/6/2018-7/31/2022 $393,601 MICROSCOPY BY PROBING THE General Medica THERMAL EFFECT OF INFRARED LIGHT QUANTITATIVE SRS IMAGING CHENG JI-XIN NIH/National Cancer Institute 9/20/2018-8/31/2021 $365,154 OF CANCER METABOLISM AT SINGLE CELL LEVEL METABOLIC ASSESSMENT CHENG JI-XIN NIH/National Institute of 12/1/2018-11/30/2022 $590,895 OF ANTI-MICROBIAL Allergy & Infe SUSCEPTIBILITY WITHIN ONE CELL CYCLE TARGETING LIPID CHENG JI-XIN Northwestern University 8/1/2018-7/31/2023 $188,520 UNSATURATION IN OVARIAN CANCER STEM CELLS SBIR PHASE II: LOCATING A CHENG JI-XIN Vibronix, Inc. 4/15/2019-3/31/2020 $89,666 BREAST TUMOR WITH SUB- MILLIMETER ACCURACY TO IMPROVE THE PRECISION OF SURGERY OPTICAL PHOTOTHERMAL CHENG JI-XIN Photothermal Spectroscopy 9/12/2019-8/31/2020 $175,086 IR (O-PTIR) MICROSCOPY FOR Corp. HIGHLY SENSITIVE CHEMICAL IMAGING AT SUB-MICRON RESOLUTION VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPIC CHENG JI-XIN NIH/National Institute of 7/1/2020-6/30/2025 $535,971 IMAGING TO UNVEIL HIDDEN General Medica SIGNATURES IN LIVING SYSTEMS AN INFRARED PHOTOTHERMAL CHENG JI-XIN Leonardo DRS Daylight 10/1/2019-9/30/2020 $195,299 PHASE MICROSCOPE FOR Solutions HIGH-RESOLUTION CHEMICAL IMAGING IN FINGERPRINT REGION ADVANCEMENT OF A POXVIRUS CONNOR JOHN NIH/National Institute of 3/12/2020-2/28/2025 $575,718 INHIBITOR Allergy & Infe MULTIPLEXED IMAGING IN THE DENNIS NIH/National Institute of 7/1/2019-7/31/2023 $250,000 NEAR INFRARED WITH INDIUM ALLISON General Medica PHOSPHIDE QUANTUM SHELLS MULTIPLEXED IMAGING IN THE DENNIS NIH/National Institute of 7/1/2019-7/31/2023 $462,000 NEAR INFRARED WITH INDIUM ALLISON General Medica PHOSPHIDE QUANTUM SHELLS BIODEGRADABLE DENNIS NIH/National Institute of 4/1/2020-3/31/2022 $247,500 AND BIOCOMPATIBLE ALLISON General Medica SEMICONDUCTOR NANOPARTICLES FOR DEEP TISSUE IMAGING COLLABORATIVE EKINCI KAMIL National Science Foundation 1/1/2020-12/31/2022 $10,000 RESEARCH: A TOOLKIT FOR NONLINEAR OPERATION OF NANOELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (NEMS)

48 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 AWARD TITLE PI NAME SPONSOR FUNDING AMOUNT PERIOD FUNDED IN FY20 COLLABORATIVE EKINCI KAMIL National Science Foundation 1/1/2020-12/31/2022 $349,957 RESEARCH: A TOOLKIT FOR NONLINEAR OPERATION OF NANOELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (NEMS) COLLABORATIVE EKINCI KAMIL National Science Foundation 1/1/2020-12/31/2022 $69,991 RESEARCH: A TOOLKIT FOR NONLINEAR OPERATION OF NANOELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (NEMS) COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: EKINCI KAMIL National Science Foundation 6/15/2020-5/31/2023 $353,334 THE NONLINEAR STOCHASTIC DYNAMICS OF MICRO AND NANOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS MODULATION OF CELLULAR GABEL Comm. of Mass./Department 7/17/2019-6/30/2021 $440,737 METABOLISM TO MAXIMIZE CHRISTOPHER of Public Heal NEURONAL REGENERATION FROM BENCH TO BED: BLOOD- GOLDSTEIN LEE Crown Philanthropies 1/1/2019-12/31/2020 $200,000 BRAIN BARRIER AS A NOVEL TARGET FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT CORTICAL SPATIAL PROCESSING HAN XUE NIH/National Institute of 5/15/2019-3/31/2021 $360,112 FOR SOLVING THE COCKTAIL Neurological D PARTY PROBLEM VOLTAGE IMAGING ANALYSIS OF HAN XUE NIH/National Institute of 4/1/2020-3/31/2025 $374,991 STRIATAL NETWORK DYNAMICS Neurological D RELATED TO VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT AND PARKINSONS DISEASE MULTIDIMENSIONAL HAN XUE NIH/National Institute of 3/1/2020-1/31/2025 $615,762 OPTIMIZATION OF VOLTAGE Mental Health INDICATORS FOR IN VIVO NEURAL ACTIVITY IMAGING SANAYA SHROFF BILLING HAN XUE Massachusetts Institute of 7/1/2019-6/30/2020 $42,119 AGREEMENT AY 19-20 Technology EMBEDDING OPTICAL JOSHI AJAY Honeywell Federal 7/16/2019-8/31/2019 $25,000 NANOANTENNAS IN STANDARD Manufacturing & Techno CMOS CELLS FOR SECURITY EMBEDDING OPTICAL JOSHI AJAY Honeywell Federal 7/16/2019-11/30/2019 $23,278 NANOANTENNAS IN STANDARD Manufacturing & Techno CMOS CELLS FOR SECURITY ROBUST CONDUCTANCE AND KAMENETSKA Department of Defense/ 1/1/2019-12/31/2022 $150,000 FORCE MEASUREMENTS OF MARIA AFOSR SINGLE DNA MOLECULES TO QUANTIFY NUCLEOSOME UNWINDING FLIPPED BIOMEDICAL GRAND KLAPPERICH NIH/National Institute of 6/4/2018-3/31/2023 $21,600 ROUNDS: CREATING A CLINICAL CATHERINE Biomedical Ima IMMERSION CLASSROOM NOVEL BIOSENSORS BASED KLAPPERICH NIH/National Institute of 7/1/2020-3/31/2024 $670,649 ON MINING BACTERIAL CATHERINE Biomedical Ima TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS CAREER: DECIPHERING LING XI National Science Foundation 3/1/2020-2/28/2025 $107,852 2-DIMENSIONAL, CRYSTAL- MEDIATED, SURFACE- ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING FOR QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS LOW TEMERATURE 3D LING XI Massachusetts Institute of 1/1/2020-12/31/2020 $60,000 INTEGRATION OF WIDE Technology BANDGAP RF AND POWER ELECTRONICS ON SI CMOS PLATFORM

BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 49 AWARD TITLE PI NAME SPONSOR FUNDING AMOUNT PERIOD FUNDED IN FY20 RETINAL/CHOROIDAL IMAGING MERTZ JEROME NIH/National Eye Institute 9/1/2018-8/31/2020 $206,250 WITH TRANSCRANIAL BACK- ILLUMINATION SPECKLE-FREE PHASE-CONTRAST MERTZ JEROME NIH/National Institute of 9/15/2019-8/31/2021 $235,800 ULTRASOUND IMAGING General Medica FAST, LARGE-SCALE NEURONAL MERTZ JEROME NIH/National Institute of 2/1/2020-11/30/2023 $494,773 IMAGING WITH MULTI-Z Biomedical Ima CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY MULTI-LAYER NEURONAL MERTZ JEROME NIH/National Institute of 3/15/2020-12/31/2024 $497,330 IMAGING WITH REVERBERATION Neurological D MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY ICENET: INTEGRATED POPOVIC MILOS Department of Defense/ARO 5/1/2019-4/30/2021 $500,000 CRYOGENIC ENERGY-EFFICIENT NANOPHOTONIC EGRESS TECHNOLOGY ICENET: INTEGRATED POPOVIC MILOS Department of Defense/ARO 5/1/2019-4/30/2020 $420,300 CRYOGENIC ENERGY-EFFICIENT NANOPHOTONIC EGRESS TECHNOLOGY RAISE-EQUIP: SINGLE-CHIP, POPOVIC MILOS Catalyst Foundation 4/1/2020-3/31/2021 $20,000 WALL-PLUG PHOTON PAIR SOURCE AND CMOS QUANTUM SYSTEMS ON CHIP POWER-SCALABLE BLUE FIBER RAMACHANDRAN Department of Defense/ONR 4/15/2017-4/14/2021 $84,522 LASERS SIDDHARTH HIGH CAPACITY DATA CENTERS RAMACHANDRAN Brookhaven National 11/6/2018-12/31/2021 $239,657 WITH ORBITAL ANGULAR SIDDHARTH Laboratory MOMENTUM (OAM) SUPPORTING FIBERS LIGHT-MATTER INTERACTIONS RAMACHANDRAN Department of Defense/ONR 9/1/2019-8/31/2024 $602,032 WITH A TWIST SIDDHARTH LIGHT-MATTER INTERACTIONS RAMACHANDRAN Department of Defense/ONR 9/1/2019-8/31/2024 $599,321 WITH A TWIST SIDDHARTH INTERMODAL NONLINEAR RAMACHANDRAN Department of Defense/ONR 4/1/2020-3/31/2021 $309,840 OPTICS SIDDHARTH LOW SWAP SOURCES FOR HIGH- RAMACHANDRAN Department of Defense/ONR 5/1/2020-4/30/2023 $100,001 POWER BLUE COMMUNICATIONS SIDDHARTH FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES ON RAMACHANDRAN Department of Defense/ONR 6/1/2020-5/31/2024 $2,999,974 THE INFLUENCE OF ANGULAR SIDDHARTH MOMENTUM ON LIGHT-MATTER INTERACTIONS ARTIFICIALLY MODULATING RAMIREZ STEVE NIH/Office of the Director 7/1/2017-8/31/2021 $412,500 MEMORIES TO ALLEVIATE PSYCHIATRIC DISEASE-LIKE STRESS ARTIFICIALLY MODULATING RAMIREZ STEVE NIH/Office of the Director 7/1/2017-8/31/2021 $1,216 MEMORIES TO ALLEVIATE PSYCHIATRIC DISEASE-LIKE STRESS SINGLE-CELL AND TARGET RAMIREZ STEVE Research Foundation for 9/13/2019-8/31/2020 $385,494 SPECIFIC RESOLUTION OF Mental Hygiene MULTIPLE MEMORIES ACROSS THE BRAIN RESEARCH GRANT SUPPORT FOR RAMIREZ STEVE Ludwig Family Foundation 7/1/2020-8/31/2021 $126,000 RESEARCH ASSISTANTS (NON- STUDENT) NANOPARTICLE DELIVERY OF REINHARD Antagen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 8/1/2019-7/31/2021 $50,019 HIV ENV TRIMER FOR INDUCING BJOERN SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION AND BNAB

50 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 AWARD TITLE PI NAME SPONSOR FUNDING AMOUNT PERIOD FUNDED IN FY20 ILLUMINATING DYNAMIC REINHARD NIH/National Cancer 4/1/2020-3/31/2025 $364,088 RECEPTOR CLUSTERING IN BJOERN Institute THE EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAY USING PLASMON COUPLING EFRI CEE: OPTICALLY ROBLYER Beth Israel Deaconess 9/1/2018-8/31/2022 $122,343 CONTROLLED LOCALIZED DARREN Medical Center, In EPIGENETIC CHROMATIN REMODELING WITH PHOTOACTIVATABLE CRISPR- DCAS9 LABEL-FREE MEASUREMENT ROBLYER NIH/National Institute of 7/1/2020-3/31/2023 $266,712 OF BLOOD LIPIDS WITH DARREN Biomedical Ima HYPERSPECTRAL SHORT-WAVE INFRARED SPATIAL FREQUENCY DOMAIN IMAGING TO IMPROVE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK PREDICTION AND TREATMENT MONITORING POPULATION IMAGING OF SANDER NIH/National Institute of 9/30/2018-8/31/2021 $1,742,013 ACTION POTENTIALS BY NOVEL MICHELLE Neurological D TWO-PHOTON MICROSCOPES AND GENETICALLY ENCODED VOLTAGE INDICATORS CAREER: TOWARDS SUPER- SANDER National Science 3/1/2019-2/29/2024 $110,071 RESOLUTION LABEL-FREE MICHELLE Foundation MID-INFRARED PHOTOTHERMAL IMAGING PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER SANDER Applied Technology, Inc. 10/1/2019-1/10/2020 $25,000 DISPERSION ANALYSIS MICHELLE PARTICLE ENERGIZATION SEMETER NASA 3/16/2018-3/15/2021 $156,866 IN THE MAGNETOTAIL AND JOSHUA AURORA: COMPARATIVE STUDY USING IN SITU MEASUREMENTS AND SPATIALLY RESOLVED IONOSPHERIC SENSING COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: SEMETER National Science 9/1/2019-8/31/2022 $277,960 ANOMALOUS PLASMA COOLING JOSHUA Foundation IN THE TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE: OBSERVATIONS AND MODELING OF SOLAR MODULATIONS MEASURED BY DMSP DURING SOLAR ECLIPSES PYGEMINI: A COMMUNITY 3D SEMETER NASA 12/20/2019-12/19/2020 $49,728 LOCAL SCALE IONOSPHERE JOSHUA DYNAMICS MODEL EFRI ACQUIRE: MICROCHIP SERGIENKO University of California, 1/1/2017-12/31/2020 $97,000 PHOTONIC DEVICES FOR ALEXANDER San Diego QUANTUM COMMUNICATION OVER FIBER QUANTUM STATE ENGINEERING SERGIENKO Department of Defense/ 7/1/2019-6/30/2020 $276,881 AND EFFICIENT QUANTUM ALEXANDER AFOSR FREQUENCY CONVERSION FOR QUANTUM NETWORKING AND QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING TOPOLOGICAL PROTECTION SERGIENKO Department of Defense/ 6/1/2020-5/31/2021 $100,000 OF QUBITS IN QUANTUM ALEXANDER ARL NETWORKING

LIGHT AXION DARK MATTER SUSHKOV National Science 9/1/2018-8/31/2021 $130,000 SEARCH USING TOROIDAL ALEXANDER Foundation FERRITE

BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 51 AWARD TITLE PI NAME SPONSOR FUNDING AMOUNT PERIOD FUNDED IN FY20 SEARCHING FOR INTERACTIONS SUSHKOV Simons Foundation 9/1/2019-8/31/2021 $396,268 OF ULTRA-LIGHT AXION-LIKE ALEXANDER DARK MATTER CAREER: OPTICAL INTENSITY TIAN LEI National Science 3/1/2019-2/29/2024 $105,223 DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY Foundation WITH MULTIPLE SCATTERING A COMPUTATIONAL MINIATURE TIAN LEI NIH/National Eye 4/1/2019-3/31/2021 $247,500 MESOSCOPE FOR LARGE-SCALE Institute BRAIN MAPPING IN BEHAVING MICE INTERFEROMETRIC IMAGING UNLU SELIM National Science 5/1/2020-10/31/2021 $249,996 FOR MULTIPLEXED MOLECULAR Foundation KINETICS I-CORPS TEAM: UNLU SELIM National Science 6/1/2020-11/30/2020 $50,000 INTERFEROMETRIC IMAGING Foundation FOR MULTIPLEXED MOLECULAR KINETICS COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: WALSH BRIAN National Science 3/1/2016-2/29/2020 $40,622 GEM: SYSTEM STUDY OF THE Foundation PLASMASPHERE IN SOLAR WIND- MAGNETOSPHERE COUPLING CUPID CUBESAT OBSERVATORY WALSH BRIAN NASA 4/25/2016-9/30/2020 $335,229

CUPID CUBESAT OBSERVATORY WALSH BRIAN NASA 4/25/2016-9/30/2020 $44,177

CUPID CUBESAT OBSERVATORY WALSH BRIAN NASA 4/25/2016-9/30/2020 $96,642 SOLAR WIND MAGNETOSPHERE WALSH BRIAN NASA 5/1/2018-4/30/2021 $66,909 IONOSPHERE LINK EXPLORER (SMILE) CAREER: SPREADING OF 3D WALSH BRIAN National Science 6/1/2019-5/31/2024 $131,713 MAGNETIC RECONNECTION Foundation LUNAR ENVIRONMENT WALSH BRIAN NASA 3/19/2020-3/18/2022 $1,493,232 HELIOPHYSICS X-RAY IMAGER (LEXI) COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: WALSH BRIAN National Science 10/1/2020-9/30/2023 $146,894 LOCAL TIME EXTENT OF DAYSIDE Foundation MAGNETOPAUSE RECONNECTION AND CONTROLLING FACTORS ANDESITE WALSH BRIAN Massachusetts Institute of 9/1/2019-12/31/2019 $1,800 Technology TRAINING PROGRAM IN WHITE JOHN NIH/National Institute of 7/1/2017-6/30/2022 $385,645 QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY AND General Medica PHYSIOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAM IN WHITE JOHN NIH/National Institute of 7/1/2017-6/30/2022 $86,400 QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY AND General Medica PHYSIOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAM IN WHITE JOHN NIH/National Institute of 7/1/2017-6/30/2022 $381,290 QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY AND General Medica PHYSIOLOGY SYNCHRONIZATION IN NOISY, WHITE JOHN Louisiana State University 8/1/2018-4/30/2023 $200,091 HETEROGENEOUS EXCITATORY/ INHIBITORY NETWORKS RET SITE: INTEGRATED ZHANG XIN National Science 5/1/2018-4/30/2021 $6,000 NANOMANUFACTURING Foundation METAMATERIAL-ENABLED ZHANG XIN NIH/National Institute of 7/1/2018-3/31/2021 $247,500 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING Biomedical Ima ENHANCEMENT DIATOM-ENABLED SCALABLE ZHANG XIN National Science 6/1/2018-5/31/2021 $69,835 NANOMANUFACTURING FOR Foundation PHOTONIC DEVICES

52 - ANNUAL REPORT 2020 AWARD TITLE PI NAME SPONSOR FUNDING AMOUNT PERIOD FUNDED IN FY20 EMBEDDED BI-LAYER PARTICLE ZHANG XIN University of Texas at 10/1/2018-9/30/2020 $50,500 AS AN ACOUSTIC CONTRAST Austin AGENT FOR CEMENT DEFECT DETECTION REU SITE: INTEGRATED ZHANG XIN National Science 3/15/2019-2/28/2022 $10,000 NANOMANUFACTURING Foundation

DRAPER LABORATORIES ZHANG XIN Draper Laboratory, Inc. 4/29/2019-4/26/2020 $41,056 STUDENT AGREEMENT (SAMUEL KANN) DRAPER LABORATORIES ZHANG XIN Draper Laboratory, Inc. 4/29/2019-4/25/2021 $43,062 STUDENT AGREEMENT (SAMUEL KANN)

DRAPER LABORATORIES ZHANG XIN Draper Laboratory, Inc. 6/1/2017-12/31/2019 $25,187 FELLOWSHIP (DAVID SUTHERLAND)

AUTONOMOUS SENSING SYSTEMS ZHANG XIN TOTAL Specialties USA 11/1/2019-11/1/2020 $79,228 WITH WIRELESS POWERING AND COMMUNICATION FOR TOTAL LABORATORY APPLICATIONS TOTAL: $ 37,881,521

Professor Roberto Paiella and Assistant Professor Lei Tian developed an imaging system inspired by the compound eye of small animals (such as the fly shown in the picture), but based on a flat lenseless architecture (a single pixel is shown in the lower zoom-in). This system can produce well recognizable images (such as the Mona Lisa picture on the right) over an ultrawide field-of-view of 150 degrees. (Leonard C. Kogos, Yunzhe Li, Jianing Liu1, Yuyu Li, Lei Tian, & Roberto Paiella, “Plasmonic Ommatidia for Lenseless Compound-Eye Vision,” Nature, 2020, 11:1637. Used with permission (copyright: Michael Biehler/123RF.COM)

BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER - 53 This photo was taken in the lab of Associate Professor Michelle Sander. 8 Saint Mary’s Street, Suite 936 Boston, MA 02215 www.bu.edu/photonics

The image above is a silicon nitride nanostring for detecting single bio-molecules. The string has integrated gold transducers (inset) for actuating and sensing its high-frequency oscillations. (Photo Courtesy of Professor Kamil Ekinci.)