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Bats from the Islands of the Southwestern Indian Ocean Display High Leptospira Prevalence and Diversity

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Bats from the Islands of the Southwestern Indian Ocean Display High Leptospira Prevalence and Diversity Bats from the islands of the Southwestern Indian Ocean display high Leptospira prevalence and diversity Erwan Lagadec, Yann Gomard, Steve M. Goodman, Pablo Tortosa and Koussay Dellagi 24 Novembre 2011. Journées scientifiques. Run-Emerge Research Program FEDER Faune Sauvage – Océan Indien Objectives - Iventory pathogens associated with wildlife - Identify animal species which can be reservoirs and their associated ectoparasites 24 Novembre 2011. Journées scientifiques. Run-Emerge Leptospirosis (Adolf Weil, 1886) Pathogen: Bacteria (Spirochaetales, Leptospiraceae, Leptospira sp.) Symptoms: 90% Flu-like symptoms 10% Weil’s didease 24 Novembre 2011. Journées scientifiques. Run-Emerge Leptospirosis in the world WHO: « Between 0.1 and 1.0 for 100 000 Hab in temperate zones ≥ 10.0 for 100 000 Hab in humid tropical zones » Pappas et al. 2008 24 Novembre 2011. Journées scientifiques. Run-Emerge Leptospirosis in the world WHO: « Between 0.1 and 1.0 for 100 000 Hab in temperate zones ≥ 10.0 for 100 000 Hab in humid tropical zones » Pappas et al. 2008 24 Novembre 2011. Journées scientifiques. Run-Emerge Leptospirosis in the Southwest Indian Ocean: The case of La Reunion Island Point épidémiologique N°34 du 11/08.2011 – CIRE Océan Indien 24 Novembre 2011. Journées scientifiques. Run-Emerge Leptospirosis in the Southwest Indian Ocean CIRE Océan Indien 2011 La Réunion Seychelles 10 (2010) L. interrogans 54.0 (1988-2004) Icterohaemorraghiae Icterohaemorraghiae Hurstbridge Pappas et al. 2008 Comores ? Maurice Cervus timorensis russa Tarassovi Pomona Mayotte Sejroe Mini 45 (2009) Roger 2007 com. pers. L. borgpetersenii L. kirschneri Mini CIRE Océan Indien 2010 Madagascar Incidence for 100 000 Hab L. interrogans Genus species Canicola-Kuwait Raherlinirina and Al. 2010 Serovar 24 Novembre 2011. Journées scientifiques. Run-Emerge Leptospirosis in the Southwest Indian Ocean Contrasted epidemiology of human leptospira: Incidence Species diversity / Distribution What are the factors governing the distribution of Leptospira in the islands of SWIO? Diversity of the Diversity of the Anthropogenic potential reservoirs ? environments ? factors ? 24 Novembre 2011. Journées scientifiques. Run-Emerge Bats: a potential reservoir Objectives Iventory pathogens associated with wildlife: example of bats’ associated leptospira Roussetus Mormopterus acetabulosus obliviosus Miniopterus Miniopterus sp. griveaudi 24 Novembre 2011. Journées scientifiques. Run-Emerge Sampling missions Comores Roussetus obliviosus (n=30) Miniopterus griveaudi (n=17) Chaerephon pusillus (n=30) 3 sp. n=77 Madagascar Otomops madagascariensis (n=8) Triaenops furculus (n=1) Triaenops menamena (n=10) Pipistrellus raceyi (n=1) Maurice Miniopterus gleni (n=7) Mormopterus acetabulosus (n=55) Miniopterus mahafaliensis (n=10) Miniopterus griffithsi (n=2) Mormopterus jugularis (n=12) 1 sp. n=55 8 sp. n=51 24 Novembre 2011. Journées scientifiques. Run-Emerge Detection protocol Pools (Kidney – Lung – Spleen) of bats Detection qRT-PCR probe on 16S rRNA + - PCR on 16S rRNA Phylogeny Sequencing 24 Novembre 2011. Journées scientifiques. Run-Emerge Prevalence results Bat species Sampled Island N (positive) % Prevalence Otomops madagascariensis Madagascar 8 (1) 12.5 Triaenops furculus Madagascar 1 (1) 100 Triaenops menamena Madagascar 10 (8) 80 Pipistrellus raceyi Madagascar 1 (0) 0 Miniopterus gleni Madagascar 7 (1) 14.3 Miniopterus mahafaliensis Madagascar 10 (3) 30 Mormopterus jugularis Madagascar 12 (2) 16.7 Miniopterus griffithsi Madagascar 2 (1) 50 Total Madagascar 51 (17) 33.3 Roussetus obliviosus Gde Comore 30 (7) 23.3 Miniopterus griveaudi Gde Comore 17 (1) 5.9 Chaerephon pusillus Anjouan 30 (1) 3.3 Total Union of Comoros 77 (9) 11.7 Mormopterus acetabulosus Mauritius 55 (23) 41.8 Total Mauritius 55 (23) 41.8 Total 183 (49) 26.8 Table. Leptospirosis prevalence. N, number of bats tested; (positive), number of bats positives for Leptospira sp. 24 Novembre 2011. Journées scientifiques. Run-Emerge Sequencing results Pathogenic species L. interrogans L. kirschneri L. noguchii L. Weilii L. borgpetersenii L. santarosai Intermediate strains L. fainei Saprophytic L. meyeri Cerqueira and al. 2010 species L. biflexa 24 Novembre 2011. Journées scientifiques. Run-Emerge Sequencing results Pathogenic Roussetus obliviosus_COM species L. interrogans Miniopterus mahafaliensis_MADA L. borgpetersenii Mormopterus acetabulosus_MAURICE Mormopterus acetabulosus_MAURICE Otomops madagascariensis_MADA Roussetus obliviosus_COM Miniopterus griveaudi_COM Triaenops menamena_MADA ? Intermediate strains Saprophytic species 24 Novembre 2011. Journées scientifiques. Run-Emerge Discussion Total Leptospirosis prevalence: 26.8% 11/12 bats species positives Diversity and distribution of Leptospira in bats: - At least 3 species of leptospira (14 sequences) - Presence on the 4 islands Level of host/Leptospira specificity? 24 Novembre 2011. Journées scientifiques. Run-Emerge Discussion o Bats infected with pathogenic Leptospira o Molossidae tightly associated with humans o Potential role of bats as reservoirs of Leptospira Role of bats in human transmission? 24 Novembre 2011. Journées scientifiques. Run-Emerge Leptospira genotypes from patients in Mayotte 22 patients Bourhy and Al. 2010 L. interrogans : 1 case L. borgpetersenii : 14 cases 24 Novembre 2011. Journées scientifiques. Run-Emerge Discussion o Complete the sampling (Réunion, Mayotte, Seychelles) o Compare human and bat Leptospira sequences o Potential role of bats as reservoirs of Leptospira Humans are dead end hosts for Leptospira. Understanding leptospirosis in humans relies on the understanding of the natural cycle of leptospirosis infection in the environment. 24 Novembre 2011. Journées scientifiques. Run-Emerge Thank you for your attention … 24 Novembre 2011. Journées scientifiques. Run-Emerge .
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