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Rethinking Universities for Development Intermediaries, Innovation and Inclusion Edited by C Shambu Prasad, Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneshwar & John D’Souza, Centre for Education and Documentation This volume is a compilation of the papers presented and consequent discussions at the concluding research meeting of the Universities and Intermediaries for Inclusive Innovation and Development (UNIID) South Asian network, organized on the theme "Rethinking Universities in India: Intermediaries for Socially Inclusive Development" on January 8-9, 2013 at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. Published in 2013 Xavier Institute of Management Xavier Square, Bhubaneswar – 751 013, Odisha Website: http://w3.ximb.ac.in/ Supported By International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Canada Editing, Design and Printing 3 Suleman Chambers, 4 Battery Street, Mumbai Website: www.doccentre.net Cover design by John D’Souza includes sketch by Raja Mohanty No. of copies: 150 For copies of this volume contact: Dr. C. Shambu Prasad Professor, Xavier Institute of Manaagement Xavier Square, Bhubaneswar – 751 013, Odisha Email: [email protected] Rethinking Universities for Development: Intermediaries, Innovation and Inclusion Table of Contents Preface ........................................................................................................................ iv Innovation, Inclusion & Development: Introductory Session ........................................................... 1 S K Sopory, Vice Chancellor, JNU (Inaugural Address) ............................................................ 1 Dhruv Raina, JNU: ............................................................................................................... 1 Shambu Prasad, XIMB ......................................................................................................... 3 Phet Sayo & Ambika Sharma, IDRC ...................................................................................... 3 Developmental Role of Universities in India ....................................................................................... 4 Contextualizing the Developmental University in India .............................................................. 5 C Shambu Prasad, XIMB , Joseph Satish V, KICS & KVG Krishnamurthy Rethinking the University of Teaching and Research: Challenges Now and in the Future............ 26 Dhruv Raina & Prakrati Bhargava, JNU Knowledge Gaps in Organic Agriculture: A preliminary study on Agricultural Universities, Changing State Agricultural Policies and Organic Farming Practices in India .......................... 38 Joseph Thomas, Centre for Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship (CSIE) & O B Ramasubramanian, Samanvaya Whither Socially Inclusive Innovations of the Seventies? Looking back at the Graduate Volunteer Scheme of University of Mumbai. ........................................................................ 57 John D’Souza, Centre for Education and Documentation (CED) Role of Intermediaries in Educational Innovations in Inclusive Development ............................. 64 Reflexive and Relational, Empathetic and Engaged: A Case For ‘Social Transformative Learning’ In India ........................................................................................................... 65 A R Vasavi, Independent Researcher Adivasi Academy: Acknowledging Adivasi Knowledge ............................................................ 79 Rajni Bakshi, Gateway House & Centre for Education & Documentation Rethinking Nai Talim: What Roles Can Universities Play? ....................................................... 96 Sujit Sinha, Azim Premji University (APU) Universities & Intermediaries in Inclusive Innovation & Development: The Case of AUD-PRADAN’s M.Phil in Development Practice ........................................................................ 109 Anup Dhar, Ambedkar University Delhi (AUD) Higher Educational Institutes & Vocational Education in India .................................................... 114 Rethinking Vocational Education : The Case of the School of Vocational Education at the Tata Institute of Social Sciences .............................................................................. 115 K S Gopal, Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS) The Status of ITIs in India: A case study in Kashmir ............................................................. 120 Fozia S. Qazi, Islamic University of Science and Technology (IUST) Visioning a Developmental University: Experiments and Challenges in Sikkim - Valedictory Address by Mahendra Lama, Founder Vice Chancellor, Sikkim Central University. .......................... 127 Preface The journey of the exploratory project ‘South Asian network on the role of educational institutions as innovation intermediaries for inclusive development’ over the last two years has been exciting and innovative. The International Development Research Centre’s (IDRC) programme on Inclusive Innovation and Development (IID) provided an excellent opportunity for researchers from South Asia interested in the role of universities in socially inclusive innovation and development to meet and build the field of IID as a programme in the region. The region has witnessed high economic growth along with increasing inequality and a continuing neglect of the informal sector. Policy initiatives in the past have been focused on the role of innovation in transforming the economies of these nations and recasting their national innovation systems to pursue economic growth. Contemporary understanding of innovation systems has also ignored discussions on power and hierarchies of knowledge even as the role of universities in inclusive growth and development has remained unaddressed. Thus a programme which focuses on this role of universities, and was informed by ideas of ‘developmental’ or ‘civic’ universities in other parts of the globe, was welcomed. Colombo Conversations When Veena Ravichandran, then Senior Programme Officer at IDRC approached some of us in India who had worked on these ideas in Knowledge Swaraj, a new manifesto on science and technology , we were keen to collaborate. The key question was to rethink the role of universities in critiquing the new mantra of economic growth led innovation systems thinking. A research network towards this critique would need to be widely constituted representing different institutional settings and providing spaces for the periphery, given the diversity in India. Thus the first challenge was to put together a team of researchers who would be broadly aligned to this exploration while remaining open to differences in perspectives. Those of us who had worked on Knowledge Swaraj saw the need for academicians to work closely with practitioners and value their knowledge and expertise for inclusive innovation. Dhruv Raina of the Jawaharlal Nehru University, an ally from the start, shared a discomfort about innovation studies and policy but was open to a broader science studies perspective. Learning and competence building on innovation was unlikely to happen in sufficient measure if alternate perspectives on power, knowledge and expertise were not taken on board. The task was made even more exciting as we expanded ideas beyond India to the region. A draft concept note for the preliminary workshop was vigorously discussed and went through several drafts and changes and the first workshop of the network was held at Colombo on February 2-3, 2012. Participants from the region shared their responses to the concept note in advance and we realised early on that plurality of perspectives needed to be seen as the strength of the intellectual climate in the region even if it presented challenges for project management. One of the earlier decisions was to recognise the role of intermediaries, especially Civil Society Organisations (CSOs). It was understood that given the knowledge hierarchies in South Asia, universities by themselves may not be the intermediaries to enable inclusive innovation. Therefore they would need to engage with other intermediaries to become more inclusive. This meant a subtle, yet important shift in thinking in the IID concept, from ‘universities as intermediaries’ to ‘universities and intermediaries’ for inclusive innovation and development. These ideas were put together in the website of the first conference http://uniid2012.ximb.ac.in/. The thirty participants who met at Colombo were from eight countries and had researchers, vice chancellors, civil society representatives and donors amongst them. The workshop outlined some of the ideas of IID and a couple of regional networks who had already iv initiated work on the IID theme shared their work. It explored the roles of universities beyond teaching and research and the prospects for a developmental university in the South Asian context. The open sessions on the first day, ably facilitated by Regina Hechanova, was on the theme “How can universities enable inclusion and innovation?” The second day haad a focused discussion on possible research topics that universities in South Asia could address to enable livelihood-led inclusive development of the informal economy. In this, four broad themes were identified namely epistemology, systemic issues, tactical/operational knowledge areas of universities and a sectoral theme on informal economies. We ranked the ideas to find out how much is known about these ideas and relative importance of research on each of the themes suggested. This was the broad framework