Understanding of the Natural Resource Conflict Dynamics
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Tuareg Music and Capitalist Reckonings in Niger a Dissertation Submitted
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Rhythms of Value: Tuareg Music and Capitalist Reckonings in Niger A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology by Eric James Schmidt 2018 © Copyright by Eric James Schmidt 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Rhythms of Value: Tuareg Music and Capitalist Reckonings in Niger by Eric James Schmidt Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology University of California, Los Angeles, 2018 Professor Timothy D. Taylor, Chair This dissertation examines how Tuareg people in Niger use music to reckon with their increasing but incomplete entanglement in global neoliberal capitalism. I argue that a variety of social actors—Tuareg musicians, fans, festival organizers, and government officials, as well as music producers from Europe and North America—have come to regard Tuareg music as a resource by which to realize economic, political, and other social ambitions. Such treatment of culture-as-resource is intimately linked to the global expansion of neoliberal capitalism, which has led individual and collective subjects around the world to take on a more entrepreneurial nature by exploiting representations of their identities for a variety of ends. While Tuareg collective identity has strongly been tied to an economy of pastoralism and caravan trade, the contemporary moment demands a reimagining of what it means to be, and to survive as, Tuareg. Since the 1970s, cycles of drought, entrenched poverty, and periodic conflicts have pushed more and more Tuaregs to pursue wage labor in cities across northwestern Africa or to work as trans- ii Saharan smugglers; meanwhile, tourism expanded from the 1980s into one of the region’s biggest industries by drawing on pastoralist skills while capitalizing on strategic essentialisms of Tuareg culture and identity. -
Congo Coltan: Cellular Communication Connecting to Conflict
WORK & CULTURE Congo Coltan: Cellular Communication Connecting to Conflict Kevin Woods Working Group on The Cellphone Project: Demobilizing, Globalization and Culture, Delinking, Disconnecting the Yale University Commodity Chain Work & Culture 2004/4 http://www.yale.edu/laborculture/work_culture.html Woods | Congo Coltan Discursive formations are never singular. Discourses operate in conflict; they overlap and collude; they do not produce fixed or unified objects. (Lowe 1991:8) The cellular telephone acts as an appropriate consumer good for the commodity chain framework because the approach attempts to visibilize the places that cell phones disconnect.1 Global markets help erase the production places and the cultural, social and environmental conditions of global commodities. Cell phones remain disconnected from its multiple production places by being both a global commodity and as a communication device. Cellular communicators create a globalized world of instant place-less communication, calling to and from any place yet joining at being un-grounded. This paper will re-connect to cell phone production places in Congo.2 I will explore how these hidden places that are intimately connected to global commodity chains become battle grounds of contestations over meanings of place. Often these areas of natural resource wealth become conflict zones by different actors fighting over control of the rich resources. If these places of struggle become embedded within civil war, then the dynamic shifting of alliances over control of extracting natural resources connected to cell phone production provide insight into the binary relationships between formal- informal economies, legitimate-illegitimate resource extraction, (trans-)national- local control, war-peace and trade-trafficking. -
Document De Reference
14APR201007404224 Societ´ e´ anonyme a` conseil de surveillance et directoire Au capital social de 10 254 060 euros Siege` social : 18, rue Troyon 92 316 Sevres` 552 056 152 R.C.S. Nanterre DOCUMENT DE REFERENCE VALANT RAPPORT FINANCIER ANNUEL 18MAY200511402118 En application de son Reglement` gen´ eral´ et notamment de l’article 212-13, l’Autorite´ des marches´ financiers a enregistre´ le present´ document de ref´ erence´ le 13 avril 2010 sous le numero´ R.10-020. Ce document ne peut etreˆ utilise´ a` l’appui d’une operation´ financiere` que s’il est complet´ e´ par une note d’operation´ visee´ par l’Autorite´ des marches´ financiers. Il a et´ e´ etabli´ par l’emetteur´ et engage la responsabilite´ de ses signataires. L’enregistrement, conformement´ aux dispositions de l’article L.621-8-1-I du code monetaire´ et financier, a et´ e´ effectue´ apres` que l’AMF a verifi´ e´ « si le document est complet et comprehensible,´ et si les informations qu’il contient sont coherentes´ ». Il n’implique pas l’authentification par l’AMF des el´ ements´ comptables et financiers present´ es.´ Des exemplaires du present´ document de ref´ erence´ sont disponibles sans frais au siege` social de CFAO, 18, rue Troyon, 92316 Sevres` – France. Le document de ref´ erence´ peut egalement´ etreˆ consulte´ sur les sites internet de CFAO (www.cfaogroup.com) et de l’Autorite´ des marches´ financiers (www.amf-france.org). REMARQUES GENERALES Le present´ document de ref´ erence´ est egalement´ constitutif : • du rapport financier annuel devant etreˆ etabli´ et publie´ par toute societ´ e´ cotee´ dans les quatre mois de la clotureˆ de chaque exercice, conformement´ a` l’article L.451-1-2 du Code monetaire´ et financier et a` l’article 222-3 du Reglement` gen´ eral´ de l’AMF, et • du rapport de gestion annuel du Directoire de la Societ´ e´ devant etreˆ present´ e´ a` l’assemblee´ gen´ erale´ des actionnaires approuvant les comptes de chaque exercice clos, conformement´ aux articles L.225-100 et suivants du Code de commerce. -
When Is the Right Time for a Ceasefire in Afghanistan?
WHEN IS THE RIGHT TIME FOR A CEASEFIRE IN AFGHANISTAN? Center for Strategic & Regional Studies - Kabul CSRS ANALYSIS | Issue No. 363 17 January 2021 Website: www.csrskabul.com - www.csrskabul.af We welcome your feedback and suggestions for the improvement of CSRS ANALYSIS at: Email: [email protected] - [email protected] WHEN IS THE RIGHT TIME FOR A CEASEFIRE IN AFGHANISTAN? Looking at the sedate and complicated Intra-Afghan peace negotiations1, it seems that the arrival at a mutually acceptable arrangement for the war in Afghanistan is likely to take a long time. It will require negotiators from both the Afghan government and the Taliban to tackle the delicate political issues and the future of a government underlying the conflict. In the few months that the representatives sat at the negotiation table, we have seen that the killings, atrocities and destruction continued, perhaps more than before the official start of the peace process. As the Intra-Afghan peace negotiations enter into a critical phase, many would ask, when is the right time for a ceasefire? Of course, ordinary Afghans more than anyone else yearn for the soonest possible cessation of the conflict that takes its toll every single day from the innocent citizens. Indeed, moral and human principles teach us that every life is important and should be preserved and saved whenever possible. But what does history teach us? When is the right time for a ceasefire and to interrupt a war (in this case the war in Afghanistan)? Should it be before or after the Intra-Afghan negotiations -
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
CULTURAL AND SOCIAL CORRELATES OF ADULT OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN UPSTATE NEW YORK By STACEY ANN GIROUX A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2012 1 © 2012 Stacey Ann Giroux 2 To Mom and Pop 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people supported me not only while I worked on this research but also throughout my time in graduate school. My parents, Don and Chris Giroux, never told me I couldn’t be or do anything, whether as a young child with aspirations as a leaf- picker or as an idealistic twenty-something who believed she could make a difference in the world as an anthropologist. They also provided help, shelter and money at various difficult points during graduate school. For this and more I thank them. My sister, Carolyn Giroux, has provided comic relief and her excellent proofreading skills. James Wells, who was a close friend when I began graduate school and is now my partner of eight-plus years, I thank especially for emotional support. His is a unique soul, and, having gone through the dissertation process himself, he always seemed to know what to say, what not to say, when to push me, and perhaps most importantly, when to simply listen. When I was still an undergraduate at the University of Missouri, Gery Ryan’s medical anthropology class inspired me to switch from archaeology to cultural anthropology almost overnight. Gery is the person I would call my first mentor, and he showed me that it was possible to pursue anthropology as a career, that I had the right stuff for it, and then helped me to do just that. -
ECFG-Niger-2020R.Pdf
About this Guide This guide is designed to prepare you to deploy to culturally complex environments and achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information contained within will help you understand the cultural dimension of your assigned location and gain skills necessary for success. The guide consists of 2 parts: ECFG Part 1 introduces “Culture General,” the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any global environment (Photos courtesy of IRIN News 2012 © Jaspreet Kindra). Niger Part 2 presents “Culture Specific” Niger, focusing on unique cultural features of Nigerien society and is designed to complement other pre- deployment training. It applies culture-general concepts to help increase your knowledge of your assigned deployment location. For further information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFCLC/ or contact AFCLC’s Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the expressed permission of the AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources as indicated. GENERAL CULTURE CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments. A culture is the sum of all of the beliefs, values, behaviors, and symbols that have meaning for a society. All human beings have culture, and individuals within a culture share a general set of beliefs and values. -
Addressing Natural Resource Conflicts Working Towards More Effective Resolution of National and Sub-National Resource Disputes Contents
Research Paper Oli Brown and Michael Keating Energy, Environment and Resources | June 2015 Addressing Natural Resource Conflicts Working Towards More Effective Resolution of National and Sub-National Resource Disputes Contents Summary 2 Introduction 4 Understanding Resource Disputes 7 Addressing Resource Disputes 18 Conclusions 26 Acronyms and Abbreviations 30 About the Authors 31 Acknowledgments 32 1 | Chatham House Addressing Natural Resource Conflicts: Working Towards More Effective Resolution of National and Sub-National Resource Disputes Summary Disputes over natural resources – such as land, fresh water, minerals or fishing rights – are ubiquitous. When resolved peacefully, as is most often the case, such disagreements are an essential part of progress and development. However, resource disputes can also trigger violence and destruction, particularly in states with weak governance, high levels of corruption, and existing ethnic and political divisions. Bitter disagreements over the distribution of Iraq’s oil wealth among Sunni, Shia and Kurdish regions, for example, have contributed to the fragmentation of that country. In the Darfur region of Sudan, disputes between pastoralist herders and farmers over livestock migration routes and watering holes have become a violent flashpoint for wider cultural, ethnic and religious differences. Population growth, urbanization, rising consumption, climate change, environmental degradation, and new technologies for the extraction and processing of resources are changing the patterns of resource supply and demand. This has profound implications for the political economy of resource use – both globally and locally. By the middle of this century, for example, it is predicted that the world’s population will have exceeded 9 billion, global energy use will have doubled, and global water demand will have increased by 55 per cent over 2012. -
African Studies Abstracts Online: Number 4, 2003 Boin, M.; Eijkman, E.M.; Oberst, U.; Polman, K.; Sommeling, C.M.; Doorn, M.C.A
African Studies Abstracts Online: number 4, 2003 Boin, M.; Eijkman, E.M.; Oberst, U.; Polman, K.; Sommeling, C.M.; Doorn, M.C.A. van Citation Boin, M., Eijkman, E. M., Oberst, U., Polman, K., Sommeling, C. M., & Doorn, M. C. A. van. (2003). African Studies Abstracts Online: number 4, 2003. Leiden: African Studies Centre. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/474 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) License: Leiden University Non-exclusive license Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/474 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). AFRICAN STUDIES ABSTRACTS ONLINE ISSN 1570-937X African Studies Abstracts Online is published four times a year on the journal´s website http://asc.leidenuniv.nl/library/abstracts/asa-online/ where it can be consulted free of charge. Editorial correspondence to: Afrika-Studiecentrum PO Box 9555 2300 RB Leiden Tel.: +31-(0)71-527 3354 E-mail: [email protected] Library address for visitors: Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden, The Netherlands © 2003 Stichting Afrika-Studiecentrum AFRICAN STUDIES ABSTRACTS ONLINE Number 4, 2003 Contents Editorial policy................................................................................................... iii Geographical index........................................................................................... 1 Subject index .................................................................................................... 4 Author index..................................................................................................... -
Mineral Warfare: the Dark Side of Technology and International Mediation
The University of San Francisco USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center Master's Theses Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects Spring 5-18-2018 Mineral Warfare: The aD rk Side of Technology and International Mediation Priyanka Basnyat [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.usfca.edu/thes Part of the African Studies Commons, International Relations Commons, Natural Resource Economics Commons, Natural Resources Law Commons, and the Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons Recommended Citation Basnyat, Priyanka, "Mineral Warfare: The aD rk Side of Technology and International Mediation" (2018). Master's Theses. 1082. https://repository.usfca.edu/thes/1082 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects at USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mineral Warfare: The Dark Side of Technology and International Mediation In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS in INTERNATIONAL STUDIES By Priyanka Basnyat May 26, 2018 UNIVERSITY OF SAN FRANCISCO Under the guidance and approval of the committee, and approval by all the members, this thesis project has been accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree. APPROVED: Adviser Date ______________________________________ _____________________ Academic Director Date ______________________________________ ______________________ Source: http://rethinkingprosperity.org/cell-phones-catalyze-corruption-in-the-congo/ Priyanka Basnyat MASTER OF ARTS IN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES | SENIOR THESIS UNIVERSITY OF SAN FRANCISCO 1 Abstract Conflict surrounding the extraction and trade of natural resources is not an uncommon phenomenon. -
Natural Resources and Conflict
Natural Resources and Conflict Hollywood depicted it in graphic fashion: the film “Blood Conflicts over resource extraction Diamond” tells the story of the battle for control of the diamond mines in the West African country of Sierra Leone and its brutal One cause of conflict lies in the way in which resources are consequences for its people. The diamond trade's role in extracted, how revenues from this sector are distributed, and financing the wars in Angola, Liberia and Sierra Leone led to how the local population is involved in decisions on the international condemnation of the trade in “conflict diamonds" development of the affected region. In Peru, environmental and the launch of the Kimberley Process. standards were flouted for decades by the mining industry, and the interests of the local population disregarded in the industry's The links between conflict and the extraction of a given resource decision-making. A broad-based popular movement against the are not always so clear-cut, however, and a country's resource mining industry has now developed in the country, comprising wealth does not necessarily lead to violent conflict, as the the communities – mainly the indigenous populations of the examples of Norway and Canada, but also Botswana and Chile Andes – which are most affected by the industry's activities, and show. Yet resource-rich countries do appear to be more this movement has obstructed the expansion of existing mines susceptible to conflict than the resource-poor. This risk seems to and the establishment of new ones. A similar development can be greatest when resource extraction accounts for a substantial be observed in the Philippines. -
Addax Nasomaculatus
Addax nasomaculatus Sand dunes. Great Oriental Erg. Djebil National Park. Tunisia. 2002. © R.C.Beudels, IRScNB Roseline C. Beudels-Jamar, Pierre Devillers, René-Marie Lafontaine and John Newby Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique 39 ADDAX NASOMACULATUS 1. TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE 1.1. Taxonomy. Addax nasomaculatus belongs to the tribe Hippotragini , sub-family Hippotraginae , family Bovidae , which comprises one extinct species, seven surviving species, and two evolutionary distinct subspecies in genera Oryx, Addax and Hippotragus (Simpson, 1945; Murray, 1984; Corbet et Hill, 1986; Wacher, 1988). All hippotraginids are adapted to the exploitation, generally at low density, of difficult, low-productivity habitats (Kingdon, 1982; Murray, 1984; Wacher, 1988; Beudels, 1993). The genus Addax is comprised of a single species, adapted to the desert. 1.2. Nomenclature. 1.2.1. Scientific name. Female Addax.Termit.1998. Niger. Addax nasomaculatus (De Blainville, 1816). Discribed © Cdt Hama A. Souleymane-DFPP-Niger. as Cerophorus nasomaculata de Blainville, 1816. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1816:75. Type locality: None given. Lydekker (1914:148) stated it was “probably Senegambia”, but Grubb (2005) noted that it was more probable that British hunters or collectors obtained Addax from the Tunisian Sahara, to which he restricted the type locality. 1.2.2. Synonyms. Antilope nasomaculatus, Antilope addax, Addax nasomaculatus addax, Antilope naso-maculata, Cerophorus nasomaculata, Antilope suturosa, Antilope mytilopes, Antilope gibbosa, Oryx addax, Oryx naso-maculatus, Addax suturosus, Addax addax 1.2.3. Common names. English : Addax French : Addax, Antilope addax, Antilope de Mendès German: Mendes Antilope Arabic : Begaar el Ouach, Akash, Abu-Akach, Anjidohl, Auel, Bakra el onash, Tamita Tamashek: Amellal Toubou: Turbo 1.2.4. -
Country Focus: the Extent of the Conflict Resources Problem
Country focus: the extent of the conflict resources problem The trade in natural resources, including minerals, funds and fuels some of the world’s most brutal conflicts. The cases below reveal the extent of the problem. They demonstrate some of the harmful effects of the trade in minerals, precious stones – notably diamonds – and other natural resources in Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, Colombia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Myanmar and Zimbabwe. In parts of these countries, revenues from the extraction and trade of natural resources can give armed groups and other abusive actors the means to operate, and provide off-budget funding to State security forces and corrupt officials. The EU is a major trading centre. It is the world’s largest economy and the world’s largest trading block. Yet there is currently no law in the EU requiring companies to ensure that the natural resources they bring into Europe are not financing conflict or human rights abuses overseas. It is therefore impossible for EU consumers to tell whether their purchases implicate them in a harmful trade. Afghanistan Natural resources, and especially precious stones, have funded conflict in Afghanistan for decades. In the 1990s, the United Islamic Front earned around US$60 million a year from gemstones, notably lapis lazuli and emeralds from Panjshir and Badakhshan provinces. As well as emeralds and lapis, rubies, marble, chromite (a mineral which provides chromium for use in metal production), coal and gold are among the most common targets for illegal extraction,