DOCSLIB.ORG

Nematode Taxonomic Diversity and Community Structure: Indicators of Environmental Conditions at Keetham Lake, Agra

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nematode Taxonomic Diversity and Community Structure: Indicators of Environmental Conditions at Keetham Lake, Agra NEMATODE TAXONOMIC DIVERSITY AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE: INDICATORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AT KEETHAM LAKE, AGRA THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ZOOLOGY BY MALKA MUSTAQIM UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROF. QUDSIA TAHSEEN DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH-202002 (INDIA) 2017 1 Dedicated to my Beloved Parents and Brothers 2 Qudsia Tahseen, Professor Department of Zoology, PhD, FASc, FNASc Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India Tel: +91 9319624196 E-mail: [email protected] Certificate This is to certify that the entire work presented in the thesis entitled, ‘‘Nematode taxonomic diversity and community structure: indicators of environmental conditions at Keetham Lake, Agra’’ by Ms. Malka Mustaqim is original and was carried out under my supervision. I have permitted Ms. Mustaqim to submit the thesis to Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh for the award of degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology. (Qudsia Tahseen) Supervisor 3 ANNEXURE-Ι CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION I, Malka Mustaqim, Department of Zoology, certify that the work embodied in this Ph.D. thesis is my own bonafide work carried out by me under the supervision of Prof. Qudsia Tahseen at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. The matter embodied in this Ph.D. thesis has not been submitted for the award of any other degree. I declare that I have faithfully acknowledged, given credit to and referred to the research workers wherever their works have been cited in the text and the body of the thesis. I further certify that I have not willfully lifted up some others work, para, text, data, results, etc. reported in the journals, books, magazines, reports, dissertations, theses, etc., or available at web-sites and included them in this Ph.D. thesis and cited as my own work. Date: ................................... (Signature) Malka Mustaqim ………………………………………………………………………………………… Certificate from the Supervisor This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge. Prof. Qudsia Tahseen Signature of the Chairman Department of Zoology with seal Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh-202002 4 ANNEXURE-ΙΙ ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY COURSE/COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION/PRE-SUBMISSION SEMINAR COMPLETION CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Ms. Malka Mustaqim, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh has satisfactorily completed the course work/comprehensive examination and pre-submission seminar requirement which is part of her Ph.D. programme. Date: ……………….. (Signature of the Chairman) 5 ANNEXURE-ΙΙΙ COPYRIGHT TRANSFER CERTIFICATE Title of the Thesis: Nematode taxonomic diversity and community structure: indicators of environmental conditions at Keetham Lake, Agra. Candidate’s Name: Malka Mustaqim COPYRIGHT TRANSFER The undersigned hereby assigns to the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh copyright that may exist in and for the above thesis submitted for the award of the Ph.D. degree. Signature of the Candidate Note: However, the author may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce material extracted verbatim from the thesis or derivative of the thesis for author’s personal use provide that the source and the University’s copyright notice are indicated. 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost I should thank to the Almighty, who blessed me with innumerable favour of academic work. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my respected supervisor, Prof. Qudsia Tahseen, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, for her guidance, support, encouragement and advice during this work. At all stages, in the course of this research work, I was benefitted by her advice, particularly so, when exploring new ideas. Her positive outlook and confidence in my research inspired me and gave me confidence. Her careful editing contributed enormously to the production of this thesis. I have been extremely fortunate to have a supervisor who cared so much about my work and responded to my questions and queries at its earliest. I am also indebted to Prof. Wasim Ahmad, Chairman, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, for providing me the facilities and co-operation to me at the various stages of my research work. I am also having a great pleasure to express my indebtedness to my respected teachers Prof. Irfan Ahmad and Prof. Mahalaqa Chaudary for their valuable suggestions and support. I extend my sincere thanks to my labmates Mr. Mohammad Asif, Ms. Rehmat Jahan, Ms. Numreen Nazir and Mr. Mohammad Mahboob. My labmates stood by my side throughout thicks and thins of life. I am also thankful to other juniors, Ms. Zarrin Imran, Ms. Sabia Mumtaz, Ms. Hiba Fatima, Mr. Wajih Jamal, Ms. Sobia Khatoon, Mr. Sumit Kumar, Mr. Niraul Islam and Ms. Shahnaz. I am also thankful to my friends Uzma, Taiba, Sharba, Dania, Arjumend, Sayma, Rushda for their good and cordial company and my classmate Prince for the help whenever needed. Many scientists were kind enough to send their research publications especially Dr. A. Zullini, Dr. S. Boström, Dr. V. Gagarin, Dr. K. Kiontke, Dr. D. Fitch, Dr. T. Naumova, Dr. O. Holovachov, Dr. J. Abolafia, Dr. E. Abebe and Dr. E. Shokoohi. Their timely help is gratefully acknowledged. At last but not the least, I want to express my humble feelings and gratitude to my ever loving and dearest Parents, who lit the flame of learning in me and whose prayers, love, affection, motivation and constant encouragement, helped me to complete this work. My heartiest gratitude to my brothers Mr. Aamir Hussain Kaki, Mr. Ali Husain Kaki and Mr. Daood Mustaqim for their encouragement and moral support. I am grateful for the financial assistance granted by Ministry of Environment & Forest and University Grants Commission, New Delhi. Malka Mustaqim 7 CONTENT S.No Title Page No. Introduction 1-5 Some important landmarks in nematode taxonomy 6-27 Materials and Methods (Taxonomic study) 28-32 PART A- TAXONOMY 1. Genus Caenorhabditis Osche, 1952 39-40 C. heptalineata sp. n. 41-48 2. Genus Diploscapter Cobb, 1913 49 D. coronatus(Cobb, 1893) Cobb, 1913 50-55 3. Genus Metarhabditis Tahseen et. al., 2004 56 M. amsactae (Ali et. al., 2011) Sudhaus, 2011 57-62 4. Genus Oscheius Andrássy, 1976 63-64 O. keethamensis sp. n. 65-73 5. Genus Protorhabditis (Osche, 1952) Dougherty, 1953 74 P. mucronata sp. n. 75-80 6. Genus Mesorhabditis Osche, 1952 83-84 M. anisospicula sp. n. 85-92 7. Genus Oigolaimella Paramonov, 1952 96 O. paraninae sp. n. 97-103 O. indica sp. n. 104-111 8. Genus Acrobeles Linstow, 1877 117-118 A. complexus Thorne, 1925 119-125 9. Genus Chiloplacus Thorne, 1937 126-127 C. subtenuis Rashid & Heyns, 1990 128-133 10. Genus Drilocephalobus Coomans & Goodey, 1965 135 D. mustaqimi sp. n. 136-142 D. saprophilus sp. n. 143-149 11. Genus Macrolaimellus Andrássy, 1966 151 M. iucundus Andrássy, 1966 152-156 12. Genus Panagrolaimus Fuchs, 1930 159-160 P. hygrophilus (Bassen, 1940) Andrássy, 2005 161-167 8 13. Genus Tricephalobus Steiner, 1936 168 T. longihystera sp. n. 169-175 14. Genus Achromadora Cobb, 1913 179 A. indica Tahseen, 2001 180-184 15. Genus Geomonhystera Andrássy, 1981 188-189 G. villosa (Bütschli, 1873) Andrássy, 1981 190-194 16. Genus Monhystrella Cobb, 1918 195-196 M. dorsicurvata sp. n. 197-202 17. Genus Neotylocephalus Ali et. al., 1969 207 N. annonae Ali et. al., 1969 208-212 18. Genus Tylocephalus Crossman, 1933 213 T. aprimitivus sp. n. 214-219 19. Genus Chronogaster Cobb, 1913 221-222 C. glandulata sp. n. 223-229 20. Genus Ironus Bastian, 1865 235-236 I. dentifurcatus Argo & Heyns, 1972 237-241 21. Genus Prismatolaimus de Man, 1880 244-245 P. intermedius (Bütschli, 1873) de Man, 1880 246-250 PART B- ECOLOGY Some landmarks in ecological research 251-255 Description of selected wetland, Keetham Lake 256-267 Protocol and Parameters used for nematode community 268-270 analysis Results 271-309 Discussion 310-314 References 315-379 9 INTRODUCTION Water is a vital resource to life on the planet Earth. Early civilizations sprang fast mainly in the fertile flood plains along the banks of the rivers. Freshwater habitats occupy only 0.8 percent of Earth’s surface, about 12% of all animal species are estimated to inhabit freshwater ecosystems (Abramovitz, 1996) while many others are closely associated. Wetlands are one of the most diverse and productive ecosystems in the world which are intermediate forms of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems or can also be regarded as a link between the two. However, the unique hydrological conditions distinguish wetlands from other land and water bodies (Butler, 2010). Wetlands are ecologically sensitive systems, filled or soaked with water for at least a part of the year or during certain seasons or during a part of the day. Wetlands can be defined as the land areas of poor surface drainage, such as marshes, swamps, bogs etc. Earlier, wetlands were considered the source of immense human suffering harbouring organisms of various diseases, however, their importance could be realized later when they turned out to be great revenue earners as tourist spots due to supporting diverse range of flora and fauna. A huge variety of species of microbes, plants and animals particularly insects, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals etc. are the part of wetland ecosystems. Wetlands not only provide habitats to wildlife and plants, act as water reservoir, provide place for many recreational activities but also are the basis of various ecological inferences and simulation studies as they show complex interaction of both terrestrial and aquatic species of plants and animals and their participation in the nutrient cycling and energy flow. The increasing demand and pressures on wetlands without understanding their nature and dynamics have often led to their exploitation and degradation, thereby, threatening the survival and sustenance of wetland communities. The consequences are disastrous in a country like India with varied habitats demonstrating rich biodiversity.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ecology of Mite Phoresy on Mountain Pine Beetles
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2018-05-04 Ecology of Mite Phoresy on Mountain Pine Beetles Peralta Vázquez, Guadalupe Haydeé Guadalupe Haydeé Peralta Vázquez, A. A. (2018). Ecology of Mite Phoresy on Mountain Pine Beetles (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/31904 http://hdl.handle.net/1880/106622 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Ecology of Mite Phoresy on Mountain Pine Beetles by Guadalupe Haydeé Peralta Vázquez A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES CALGARY, ALBERTA MAY, 2018 © Guadalupe Haydeé Peralta Vázquez 2018 Abstract Phoresy, a commensal interaction where smaller organisms utilize dispersive hosts for transmission to new habitats, is expected to produce positive effects for symbionts and no effects for hosts, yet negative and positive effects have been documented. This poses the question of whether phoresy is indeed a commensal interaction and demands clarification. In bark beetles (Scolytinae), both effects are documented during reproduction and effects on hosts during the actual dispersal are largely unknown. In the present research, I investigated the ecological mechanisms that determine the net effects of the phoresy observed in mites and mountain pine beetles (MPB), Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Pathogenic Bacteria Transfer from Pristionchus
    Assessment of Pathogenic Bacteria Transfer From Pristionchus Entomophagus (Nematoda: Diplogasteridae) to the Invasive Ant Myrmica Rubra and Its Potential Role in Colony Mortality in Coastal Maine Suzanne Lynn Ishaq ( [email protected] ) School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 https://orcid.org/0000-0002- 2615-8055 Alice Hotopp University of Maine Samantha Silverbrand University of Maine Jonathan E. Dumont Husson University Amy Michaud University of California Davis Jean MacRae University of Maine S. Patricia Stock University of Arizona Eleanor Groden University of Maine Research Article Keywords: bacterial community, biological control, microbial transfer, nematodes, Illumina, Galleria mellonella larvae Posted Date: November 5th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-101817/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/38 Abstract Background: Necromenic nematode Pristionchus entomophagus has been frequently found in nests of the invasive European ant Myrmica rubra in coastal Maine, United States. The nematodes may contribute to ant mortality and collapse of colonies by transferring environmental bacteria. M. rubra ants naturally hosting nematodes were collected from collapsed wild nests in Maine and used for bacteria identication. Virulence assays were carried out to validate acquisition and vectoring of environmental bacteria to the ants. Results: Multiple bacteria species, including Paenibacillus spp., were found in the nematodes’ digestive tract. Serratia marcescens, Serratia nematodiphila, and Pseudomonas uorescens were collected from the hemolymph of nematode-infected Galleria mellonella larvae. Variability was observed in insect virulence in relation to the site origin of the nematodes. In vitro assays conrmed uptake of RFP-labeled Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA14 by nematodes.
    [Show full text]
  • Incorporating Genomics Into the Toolkit of Nematology
    Journal of Nematology 44(2):191–205. 2012. Ó The Society of Nematologists 2012. Incorporating Genomics into the Toolkit of Nematology 1 2 1,* ADLER R. DILLMAN, ALI MORTAZAVI, PAUL W. STERNBERG Abstract: The study of nematode genomes over the last three decades has relied heavily on the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, which remains the best-assembled and annotated metazoan genome. This is now changing as a rapidly expanding number of nematodes of medical and economic importance have been sequenced in recent years. The advent of sequencing technologies to achieve the equivalent of the $1000 human genome promises that every nematode genome of interest will eventually be sequenced at a reasonable cost. As the sequencing of species spanning the nematode phylum becomes a routine part of characterizing nematodes, the comparative approach and the increasing use of ecological context will help us to further understand the evolution and functional specializations of any given species by comparing its genome to that of other closely and more distantly related nematodes. We review the current state of nematode genomics and discuss some of the highlights that these genomes have revealed and the trend and benefits of ecological genomics, emphasizing the potential for new genomes and the exciting opportunities this provides for nematological studies. Key words: ecological genomics, evolution, genomics, nematodes, phylogenetics, proteomics, sequencing. Nematoda is one of the most expansive phyla docu- piece of knowledge we can currently obtain for any mented with free-living and parasitic species found in particular life form (Consortium, 1998). nearly every ecological niche(Yeates, 2004). Traditionally, As in many other fields of biology, the nematode C.
    [Show full text]
  • Zhylina, Shevchenko.Pdf
    ЕКОЛОГІЯ H. B. Humenyuk, V. O. Khomenchuk, N. G. Zinkovska Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ukraine Taras Shevchenko Regional Humanitarian-Pedagogical Academy of Kremenets, Ukraine TYPES OF MODELLING THE ENVIRONMENT AND PECULIARITIES OF THEIR USE It is found that mathematical or imitating modeling is one of the most useful and effective forms of modeling, which represent the most significant features of real objects, processes, systems and phenomena studied by various sciences. The main purpose of factor analysis - reducing the dimension of the source data for the purpose of economical description by providing minimal loss of the initial information. The result of factor analysis is the transition from the set output variables to significantly fewer new variables - factors. Factor is interpreted as a common cause of the variability of the multiple output variables. The value of the revealed factors is 4,37 and 1.98 respectively. The selected factors include 79,5% of general dispersion (54,7 and 24,8 % respectively). Thus the accumulated percentage of both factors dispersion (79,5 %) defines how fully we can describe the set of date with the help of selected factors. The higher this index is the larger part of the data was factorized and the more credible the factorial model is. In widespread application of modeling in solving the problem of knowledge and environmental protection the combination of two tendencies which are characteristic of the modern science are singled out – cybernation and ecologization. The information systems are used to choose the optimal ways of different resources application in order to predict the consequences of environmental pollution.
    [Show full text]
  • 122, November 1998
    PSAMMONALIA Newsletter of the International Association of Meiobenthologists Number 122, November 1998 Composed and Printed at The University of Gent, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Section, K.L. Ledeganckstr. 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium. Good luck to the new chairman and editorial board! 3 months later... This Newsletter is not part of the scientific literature for taxonomic purposes Page 2 Editor: Magda Vincx email address : [email protected] Executive Committee Magda Vincx, Chairperson, Ann Vanreusel, Treasurer, Paul A. Montagna, Past Chairperson, Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Port Aransas, P.O. Box 1267, Port Aransas TX 78373, USA Robert Feller, Assistant Treasurer and Past Treasurer, Belle Baruch Institute for Marine Science and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208, USA Gunter Arlt, Term Expires 2001, Rostock University, Department.of Biology, Rostock D18051, GERMANY Teresa Radziejewska, Term Expires 1998, Interoceanmetal Joint Organization, ul. Cyryla I Metodego 9, 71- 541 Szczecin, POLAND Yoshihisa Shirayama, Term expires 1998 Seto Marine Biological laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University 459 Shirahama, Wakayama 649-2211 Japan James Ward, Term Expires 1998, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA Ex-Officio Executive Committee (Past Chairpersons) Robert P. Higgins, Founding Editor, 1966-67 W. Duane Hope 1968-69 John S. Gray 1970-71 Wilfried Westheide 1972-73 Bruce C. Coull 1974-75 Jeanne Renaud-Mornant 1976-77 William D. Hummon 1978-79 Robert P. Higgins 1980-81 Carlo Heip 1982-83 Olav Giere 1984-86 John W. Fleeger 1987-89 Richard M. Warwick 1990-92 Paul A. Montagna 1993-1995 Board of Correspondents Bruce Coull, Belle Baruch Institute for Marine Science and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA Dan Danielopol, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Limnology, A-5310 Mondsee, Gaisberg 116, Austria Roberto Danovaro, Facoltà de Scienze, Università di Ancona, ITALY Nicole Gourbault, Muséum Nat.
    [Show full text]
  • SOME STUDIES on the RHABDITID NEMATODES of JAMMU and KASHMIR M^Ittx of $I)Tlo^Opi)P
    SOME STUDIES ON THE RHABDITID NEMATODES OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF M^ittx of $I)tlo^opi)P IN ZOOLOGY BY ALI ASGHAR SHAH SECTION OF NEMATOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2001 ..r-'- ^^.^ '^X -^"^ - i,'A^>^<, <•• /^ '''^^ -:':^-:^ DS3204 Phones \ External: 700920/21-300/30 \ Internal: 300/301 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY '^it^^ ALIGARH—202002 INDIA Sections : 1. AGRICULTURAL NEMATOLOGY ^- ^°- /ZD 2. ENTOMOLOGY 3. FISHERY SCIENCE &AQUACULTURE Dated. 4. GENETICS 5. PARASITOLOGY This is to certify that the research work presented in the dissertation entitled "Some studies on the Rhabditid nematodes of Jammu and Kashmir", by Mr. Ali Asghar Shah is original and was carried out under my supervision. I have permitted Mr. Shah to submit it to the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Zoology. Irfan Ahmad Professor "'7)ecfica/ecf ^o ma dearest Qincfe IS no more Aere io see t£e fruii ofmtj laoour. " ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The auther is highly indebted to Prof. Irfan Ahmad for his excellent guidance, valuable advices and continuous encouragement during the course of present work and also for critically going through the manuscript. The author is grateful to Prof. A. K. Jafri Chairman, Department of Zoology for providing laboratory facilities. The author expresses sincere thanks to Mrs «& Prof. M. Shamim Jairajpuri, Prof. Shahid Hasan Khan, Dr. Wasim Ahmad, Dr. Qudsia Tahseen and Dr. (Mrs.) Anjum Ahmad for their constant encouragement and valuable suggestions. The constant inspiration and support from my parents, my elder brother Sayed Ali Akhtar Shah and my uncle Sayed Safeer Hussain Shah and the helping hands extended by my senior colleague Miss Azra Shaheen, my friend Md.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Longidorus Americanum N
    Journal of Nematology 37(1):94–104. 2005. ©The Society of Nematologists 2005. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Longidorus americanum n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae), aNeedle Nematode Parasitizing Pine in Georgia Z. A. H andoo, 1 L. K. C arta, 1 A. M. S kantar, 1 W. Y e , 2 R. T. R obbins, 2 S. A. S ubbotin, 3 S. W. F raedrich, 4 and M. M. C ram4 Abstract: We describe and illustrate anew needle nematode, Longidorus americanum n. sp., associated with patches of severely stunted and chlorotic loblolly pine, ( Pinus taeda L.) seedlings in seedbeds at the Flint River Nursery (Byromville, GA). It is characterized by having females with abody length of 5.4–9.0 mm; lip region slightly swollen, anteriorly flattened, giving the anterior end atruncate appearance; long odontostyle (124–165 µm); vulva at 44%–52% of body length; and tail conoid, bluntly rounded to almost hemispherical. Males are rare but present, and in general shorter than females. The new species is morphologically similar to L. biformis, L. paravineacola, L. saginus, and L. tarjani but differs from these species either by the body, odontostyle and total stylet length, or by head and tail shape. Sequence data from the D2–D3 region of the 28S rDNA distinguishes this new species from other Longidorus species. Phylogenetic relationships of Longidorus americanum n. sp. with other longidorids based on analysis of this DNA fragment are presented. Additional information regarding the distribution of this species within the region is required. Key words: DNA sequencing, Georgia, loblolly pine, Longidorus americanum n. sp., molecular data, morphology, new species, needle nematode, phylogenetics, SEM, taxonomy.
    [Show full text]
  • Description and Molecular Characterisation of Paralongidorus Litoralis Sp.N.Andp
    Nematology, 2008, Vol. 10(1), 87-101 Description and molecular characterisation of Paralongidorus litoralis sp.n.andP. paramaximus Heyns, 1965 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Spain Juan E. PALOMARES-RIUS 1,SergeiA.SUBBOTIN 2,3,BlancaB.LANDA 1, ∗ Nicola VOVLAS 4 and Pablo CASTILLO 1, 1 Institute of Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, Apdo. 4084, 14080 Córdoba, Spain 2 Plant Pest Diagnostics Center, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832-1448, USA 3 Center of Parasitology of A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospect 33, Moscow, 117071, Russia 4 Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, Sezione di Bari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, (CNR), Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy Received: 17 July 2007; revised: 23 August 2007 Accepted for publication: 23 August 2007 Summary – Paralongidorus litoralis sp. n., a new bisexual species of the genus, is described and illustrated by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and molecular studies from specimens collected in a coastal sand dune soil around roots of lentisc (Pistacia lentiscus L.) from Zahara de los Atunes (Cadiz), southern Spain. Paralongidorus litoralis sp. n. is characterised by the large body size (7.5-10.0 mm), a rounded lip region, clearly offset from the body by a collar-like constriction, and bearing a very large stirrup-shaped, amphidial fovea, with conspicuous slit-like aperture, a very long and flexible odontostyle ca 190 µm long, guiding ring located at 35 µm from anterior end, and males with spicules ca 70 µm long.
    [Show full text]
  • The Types of Supplements in the Family Tobrilidae (Nematoda, Enoplia) Alexander V
    Russian Journal of Nematology, 2015, 23 (2), 81 – 90 The types of supplements in the family Tobrilidae (Nematoda, Enoplia) Alexander V. Shoshin1, Ekaterina A. Shoshina1 and Julia K. Zograf2, 3 1Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya 1, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia 2A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Paltchevsky Street 17, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia 3Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova Street 8, 690090, Vladivostok, Russia e-mail: [email protected] Accepted for publication 11 October 2015 Summary. The structure of supplementary organs and buccal cavity are the main diagnostic features for identification of Tobrilidae species. Four main supplement types can be distinguished among representatives of this family. Type I supplements are typical for Tobrilus, Lamuania and Semitobrilus and are characterised by their small size and slightly protruding external part. There are two variations of the type I supplement structure: amabilis and gracilis. Type II is typical for several Eutobrilus species (E. peregrinator, E. prodigiosus, E. strenuus, E. nothus). These supplements are very similar to the type I supplements but are characterised in having a highly protruding torus with numerous microthorns and a bulbulus situated at the base of the ampoule. Type III is typical for Eutobrilus species from the Tobrilini tribe, i.e., E. graciliformes, E. papilicaudatus and E. differtus, and Mesotobrilus spp. from the Paratrilobini tribe and is characterised by a well-defined cap and a bulbulus situated at the base of the ampoule. Type IV is observed in the majority of Eutobrilus, Paratrilobus, Brevitobrilus and Neotobrilus and is the most complex supplement type with a mobile cap and an apical bulbulus.
    [Show full text]
  • In Caenorhabditis Elegans
    Identification of DVA Interneuron Regulatory Sequences in Caenorhabditis elegans Carmie Puckett Robinson1,2, Erich M. Schwarz1, Paul W. Sternberg1* 1 Division of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Neurology and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America Abstract Background: The identity of each neuron is determined by the expression of a distinct group of genes comprising its terminal gene battery. The regulatory sequences that control the expression of such terminal gene batteries in individual neurons is largely unknown. The existence of a complete genome sequence for C. elegans and draft genomes of other nematodes let us use comparative genomics to identify regulatory sequences directing expression in the DVA interneuron. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using phylogenetic comparisons of multiple Caenorhabditis species, we identified conserved non-coding sequences in 3 of 10 genes (fax-1, nmr-1, and twk-16) that direct expression of reporter transgenes in DVA and other neurons. The conserved region and flanking sequences in an 85-bp intronic region of the twk-16 gene directs highly restricted expression in DVA. Mutagenesis of this 85 bp region shows that it has at least four regions. The central 53 bp region contains a 29 bp region that represses expression and a 24 bp region that drives broad neuronal expression. Two short flanking regions restrict expression of the twk-16 gene to DVA. A shared GA-rich motif was identified in three of these genes but had opposite effects on expression when mutated in the nmr-1 and twk-16 DVA regulatory elements.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Carbon Dioxide in Nematode Behaviour and Physiology Cambridge.Org/Par
    Parasitology The role of carbon dioxide in nematode behaviour and physiology cambridge.org/par Navonil Banerjee and Elissa A. Hallem Review Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Cite this article: Banerjee N, Hallem EA Abstract (2020). The role of carbon dioxide in nematode behaviour and physiology. Parasitology 147, Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important sensory cue for many animals, including both parasitic 841–854. https://doi.org/10.1017/ and free-living nematodes. Many nematodes show context-dependent, experience-dependent S0031182019001422 and/or life-stage-dependent behavioural responses to CO2, suggesting that CO2 plays crucial roles throughout the nematode life cycle in multiple ethological contexts. Nematodes also Received: 11 July 2019 show a wide range of physiological responses to CO . Here, we review the diverse responses Revised: 4 September 2019 2 Accepted: 16 September 2019 of parasitic and free-living nematodes to CO2. We also discuss the molecular, cellular and First published online: 11 October 2019 neural circuit mechanisms that mediate CO2 detection in nematodes, and that drive con- text-dependent and experience-dependent responses of nematodes to CO2. Key words: Carbon dioxide; chemotaxis; C. elegans; hookworms; nematodes; parasitic nematodes; sensory behaviour; Strongyloides Introduction Author for correspondence: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important sensory cue for animals across diverse phyla, including Elissa A. Hallem, E-mail: [email protected] Nematoda (Lahiri and Forster, 2003; Shusterman and Avila, 2003; Bensafi et al., 2007; Smallegange et al., 2011; Carrillo and Hallem, 2015). While the CO2 concentration in ambient air is approximately 0.038% (Scott, 2011), many nematodes encounter much higher levels of CO2 in their microenvironment during the course of their life cycles.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology, Vol. 36, No. 1 (2020) 45-56 Original Article Assessing Changes in Ecological Quality Status of Sediment in Tri An Reservoir (Southeast Vietnam) by using Indicator of Nematode Communities Tran Thanh Thai1, Pham Thanh Luu1,2, Tran Thi Hoang Yen1, Nguyen Thi My Yen1, Ngo Xuan Quang1,2, 1Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 85 Tran Quoc Toan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 2Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam Received 12 November 2019 Revised 12 December 2019; Accepted 06 February 2020 Abstract: Nematode communities in Tri An Reservoir (Dong Nai Province, Southeast Vietnam) were explored in the dry season (March) and pre-rainy season (July) of 2019 and analyzed to evaluate their usage as bioindicators for ecological quality status of sediment. Nematode communities consisted of 23 genera belonging to 19 families, 8 orders for the dry and 24 genera, 17 families, 8 orders for the pre-rainy season. Several genera dominated in Tri An Reservoir such as Daptonema, Rhabdolaimus, Udonchus, and Neotobrilus indicated for organic enrichment conditions. The percentage of cp3&4 and MI (Maturity Index) value in the dry season was higher than that in the pre-rainy season expressed the ecological quality status of sediment in the dry season were better than those in the pre-rainy season. Furthermore, the result revealed that MI and c-p% composition can be used to evaluate the ecological quality status of sediment efficiently. Keywords: Bioindicator, ecological quality status of sediment, freshwater habitats, maturity index, nematodes, reservoir.
    [Show full text]