Age and Origin of the White Mesa Alluvium, Northeastern Arizona: Geosphere, V

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Age and Origin of the White Mesa Alluvium, Northeastern Arizona: Geosphere, V Research Paper THEMED ISSUE: CRevolution 2: Origin and Evolution of the Colorado River System II GEOSPHERE Reevaluation of the Crooked Ridge River—Early Pleistocene (ca. 2 Ma) age and origin of the White Mesa alluvium, northeastern GEOSPHERE; v. 12, no. 3 Arizona doi:10.1130/GES01124.1 Richard Hereford1, L. Sue Beard1, William R. Dickinson2, Karl E. Karlstrom3, Matthew T. Heizler4, Laura J. Crossey3, Lee Amoroso1, P. Kyle House1, 14 figures; 3 tables; 3 supplemental files and Mark Pecha5 1U.S. Geological Survey, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA CORRESPONDENCE: rhereford@ usgs .gov 2Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 E. 4th Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA 3Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, 221 Yale Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA 4New Mexico Geochronology Research Laboratory, New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources–New Mexico Institute of Mining & Technology, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, New Mexico CITATION: Hereford, R. Beard, L.S., Dickinson, 87801, USA W.R., Karlstrom, K.E., Heizler, M.T., Crossey, L.J., 5Arizona Laserchron Center, Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 E. 4th Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA Amoroso, L., House, P.K., and Pecha, M., 2016, Re- evaluation of the Crooked Ridge River—Early Pleis- tocene (ca. 2 Ma) age and origin of the White Mesa alluvium, northeastern Arizona: Geosphere, v. 12, no. 3, p. 768–789, doi:10.1130/GES01124.1. ABSTRACT older than inset gravels that are interbedded with 1.2–0.8 Ma Bishop–Glass Mountain tuff. The new ca. 2 Ma age for the White Mesa alluvium refutes the Received 27 August 2014 Essential features of the previously named and described Miocene Crooked hypothesis of a large regional Miocene(?) Crooked Ridge paleoriver that pre- Revision received 12 November 2015 Ridge River in northeastern Arizona (USA) are reexamined using new geologic dated carving of the Grand Canyon. Instead, White Mesa paleodrainage was Accepted 22 February 2016 and geochronologic data. Previously it was proposed that Cenozoic alluvium the northernmost extension of the ancestral Little Colorado River drainage Published online 7 April 2016 at Crooked Ridge and southern White Mesa was pre–early Miocene, the prod- basin. This finding is important for understanding Colorado River evolution uct of a large, vigorous late Paleogene river draining the 35–23 Ma San Juan because it provides a datum for quantifying rapid post–2 Ma regional denuda- Mountains volcanic field of southwestern Colorado. The paleoriver probably tion of the Grand Canyon region. breeched the Kaibab uplift and was considered important in the early evolu- tion of the Colorado River and Grand Canyon. In this paper, we reexamine the character and age of these Cenozoic deposits. The alluvial record originally INTRODUCTION used to propose the hypothetical paleoriver is best exposed on White Mesa, providing the informal name White Mesa alluvium. The alluvium is 20–50 m Cenozoic alluvium in a bedrock-bound paleovalley is perched on the Colo- thick and is in the bedrock-bound White Mesa paleovalley system, which rado Plateau in northeastern Arizona (USA) only 60 km east of the Grand Can- comprises 5 tributary paleochannels. Gravel composition, detrital zircon data, yon (Fig. 1; Hereford et al., 2013). The paleovalley’s possible significance to and paleochannel orientation indicate that sediment originated mainly from carving of the Grand Canyon is emphasized by a southwest-descending slope local Cretaceous bedrock north, northeast, and south of White Mesa. Sedi- toward the Grand Canyon and lag gravels derived from a distant source. This mentologic and fossil evidence imply alluviation in a low-energy suspended alignment points 300–400 km northeast, directly toward a possible source in sediment fluvial system with abundant fine-grained overbank deposits, indi- the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado, and lag gravels in the cating a local channel system rather than a vigorous braided river with dis- study area apparently support such an origin. Minor amounts of pebble to tant headwaters. The alluvium contains exotic gravel clasts of Proterozoic small cobble gravel in the alluvium are composed of Proterozoic basement basement and rare Oligocene volcanic clasts as well as Oligocene–Miocene and Oligocene volcanic rocks (Lucchitta et al., 2011, 2013, fig. 10, Tables 1 and 2) detrital sanidine related to multiple caldera eruptions of the San Juan Moun- resembling those in the San Juan Mountains volcanic field (Lipman, 1989). The tains and elsewhere. These exotic clasts and sanidine likely came from ancient paleovalley is the topographically highest and therefore oldest geomorphic rivers draining the San Juan Mountains. However, in this paper we show that feature in this erosional landscape, suggesting substantial antiquity. These the White Mesa alluvium is early Pleistocene (ca. 2 Ma) rather than pre–early characteristics, i.e., proximity and slope toward the Grand Canyon, exotic grav- Miocene. Combined 40Ar/39Ar dating of an interbedded tuff and detrital sani- els, and assumed antiquity, led workers to conclude that the paleovalley was dine ages show that the basal White Mesa alluvium was deposited at 1.993 ± formed by an ancient river, probably the combined ancestral San Juan and For permission to copy, contact Copyright 0.002 Ma, consistent with a detrital sanidine maximum depositional age of Animas Rivers, that drained the late Paleogene San Juan Mountains volcanic Permissions, GSA, or [email protected]. 2.02 ± 0.02 Ma. Geomorphic relations show that the White Mesa alluvium is field (Cooley, 1960; Hunt, 1969; Stokes, 1973; Lucchitta et al., 2011, 2013). This © 2016 Geological Society of America GEOSPHERE | Volume 12 | Number 3 Hereford et al. | Reevaluation of the Crooked Ridge River Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article-pdf/12/3/768/4092638/768.pdf 768 by guest on 26 September 2021 Research Paper Abajo S a Mtns n J u a n . Straight Cli M t n s Vallecito Res. upwarp s Monument Juan Ri n ve A Sa Blu r el l ver ow Ri e P Navajo Mtn Monument 37°N Lak UT CO B’ Paria Valley AZ NM Navajo Lees Ferry C h i Navaj Lake K Plt. K o Echo C Cree aibit r aibab e n l Animas e esa . k Carrizo e k o M r Skeleton e Cli Mtns iv R San NE Black Mesa (Table 1) s V o Plt. d a l l e y Figure 1. Study area in the eastern Grand a r h o s Canyon region of the southwest Colorado l B l a c a Chusk Juan o W Plateau, northeastern Arizona. Mtn— C Figure 2 o k t i mountain; Plt.—plateau; Res—reservoir. Cape b h e a Solitude Was n M e s a Basin pi in M o M k D G n Blue tns ra e o 36° n o e Canyon d n . C o n A’ a ny M Blue ash ko W p Pt. Cameron i P l ash t W Black Pt. olacca sh L P a B W it t o l Oraibi it e d d Bidahochi C Je ol Formation or ado ~16–2.5 0 50 100 km R ver iv Ma Ri e rco Flagsta r e Pu Chambers 112° Winslow 110° 108° W 35° conceptual paleoriver, called the Crooked Ridge River by Lucchitta et al. (2011, carving of the Grand Canyon (Lucchitta et al., 2011, 2013; Karlstrom et al., 2014, 2013), was thought to be involved in the early carving of the Grand Canyon; fig. 1 therein). The young age also disallows any relation between the alluvium overall the evolution of the canyon is a topic of debate (Karlstrom et al., 2012). and the Crooked Ridge paleoriver, which Lucchitta et al. (2013, p. 1427, 1430) This paper is a reassessment of the hypothetical foundations of the suggested was active during eruption of the 35–23 Ma San Juan Mountains Crooked Ridge paleoriver, i.e., its geomorphology, geology, depositional envi- volcanic field. Moreover, proposed correlation (Cooley et al., 1969; Hereford ronment, sediment source, and age. These key elements of the paleoriver are et al., 2013) of the alluvium with the mid-Miocene to late Pliocene Bidahochi examined using new (2013 and later) and unpublished data sets. The data in- Formation (Dallegge et al., 2003; Dickinson, 2013) seems impossible. Despite clude topical field mapping (Fig. 2), stratigraphy, sedimentology, pedogenesis, the exotic lag gravels, the presence of the ancestral San Juan River in the White carbonate geochemistry, detrital zircon provenance, sanidine geochronology, Mesa–Crooked Ridge area after 2 Ma is unlikely based on the substantial eleva- and tephro chronology. Among our principal findings is that the alluvium and tion difference between the low-elevation mid-Pleistocene (Wolkowinsky and associated paleovalley system are younger than ca. 2 Ma and older than 1.2– Granger, 2004) San Juan River and the relatively high elevation study area. 0.8 Ma, based on 40Ar/39Ar dating of tuff and detrital sanidine and inset rela- This and other information reported herein motivate us to recommend aban- tions between dated geomorphic surfaces. donment of the term “Crooked Ridge River” as applied to early Pleistocene This young age at the base of the alluvium in the White Mesa–Crooked deposits in the study area. The age, geology, and geomorphology of these Ridge area poses insurmountable problems for earlier interpretations. The age deposits are substantially different from those attributed to the Crooked Ridge precludes any connection between the paleovalley and all except the youngest paleoriver by Lucchitta et al. (2011, 2013). GEOSPHERE | Volume 12 | Number 3 Hereford et al. | Reevaluation of the Crooked Ridge River Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article-pdf/12/3/768/4092638/768.pdf 769 by guest on 26 September 2021 Research Paper 111°30′ EXPLANATION 111°15′ Ka 111°0′W i White Mesa b it alluvium o Square Butte Dakota Sandstone Creek Je Entrada Sandstone a Je s WMZ-NUP Jn Navajo Je Sandstone Jn M e Measured R i d g e s B′ section Re PR-AZ-3* Plateau Detrital zircon d Highway Je quarry e and sanidine* M o r m o n Lake locality 36°30′N Figure 2.
Recommended publications
  • Narbonapass.Pdf
    FIRST-DAY ROAD LOG 1 FIRST-DAY ROAD LOG, FROM GALLUP TO GAMERCO, YAH-TA-HEY, WINDOW ROCK, FORT DEFIANCE, NAVAJO, TODILTO PARK, CRYSTAL, NARBONA PASS, SHEEP SPRINGS, TOHATCHI AND GALLUP SPENCER G. LUCAS, STEVEN C. SEMKEN, ANDREW B. HECKERT, WILLIAM R. BERGLOF, First-day Road Log GRETCHEN HOFFMAN, BARRY S. KUES, LARRY S. CRUMPLER AND JAYNE C. AUBELE ������ ������ ������ ������� ������ ������ ������ ������ �������� Distance: 141.8 miles ������� Stops: 5 ���� ������ ������ SUMMARY ������ �� ������ �� ����� �� The first day’s trip takes us around the southern �� �� flank of the Defiance uplift, back over it into the �� southwestern San Juan Basin and ends at the Hogback monocline at Gallup. The trip emphasizes Mesozoic— especially Jurassic—stratigraphy and sedimentation in NOTE: Most of this day’s trip will be conducted the Defiance uplift region. We also closely examine within the boundaries of the Navajo (Diné) Nation under Cenozoic volcanism of the Navajo volcanic field. a permit from the Navajo Nation Minerals Department. Stop 1 at Window Rock discusses the Laramide Persons wishing to conduct geological investigations Defiance uplift and introduces Jurassic eolianites near on the Navajo Nation, including stops described in this the preserved southern edge of the Middle-Upper guidebook, must first apply for and receive a permit Jurassic depositional basin. At Todilto Park, Stop 2, from the Navajo Nation Minerals Department, P.O. we examine the type area of the Jurassic Todilto For- Box 1910, Window Rock, Arizona, 86515, 928-871- mation and discuss Todilto deposition and economic 6587. Sample collection on Navajo land is forbidden. geology, a recurrent theme of this field conference. From Todilto Park we move on to the Green Knobs diatreme adjacent to the highway for Stop 3, and then to Stop 4 at the Narbona Pass maar at the crest of the Chuska Mountains.
    [Show full text]
  • Origin of Non-Bedded Pyroclastic Rocks in the Cathedral Cliff Diatreme, Navajo Volcanic Field, New Mexico
    The following document is a pre-print version of: Bélanger C, Ross P-S (2018) Origin of nonbedded pyroclastic rocks in the Cathedral Cliff diatreme, Navajo volcanic field, New Mexico. Bull. Volc. 80:article 61, DOI 10.1007/s00445-018-1234-0 Origin of non-bedded pyroclastic rocks in the Cathedral Cliff diatreme, Navajo volcanic field, New Mexico Caroline Bélanger*, Pierre-Simon Ross Institut national de la recherche scientifique, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec (Qc), G1K 9A9, Canada * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (C. Bélanger), [email protected] (P.-S. Ross) Keywords : Diatreme, non-bedded pyroclastic rocks, phreatomagmatic, Navajo volcanic field Abstract Cathedral Cliff is a well exposed mid-Tertiary phreatomagmatic diatreme in the Navajo volcanic field, New Mexico. Post-eruptive erosion, estimated between 500 m and 1000 m, exposes the deep part of the diatreme. Cathedral Cliff provides an opportunity to examine the transition between the bedded pyroclastic rocks of an upper diatreme, and the non-bedded pyroclastic rocks of the subjacent lower diatreme. Bedded pyroclastic rocks occupy 49% of the mapped diatreme area, non-bedded pyroclastic rocks occupy 45%, and the remaining 6% consists of sedimentary megablocks. The bedded pyroclastic rocks range from coarse tuff to medium lapilli tuff, and from lithic to juvenile rich. They were emplaced during eruption at the bottom of the crater by pyroclastic density currents, pyroclastic fallout, and as ballistic bombs and blocks. As the eruption continued, they subsided into the diatreme to their current location. Bedding ranges from well-preserved (“continuous beds”) to partially destroyed (“broken beds”).
    [Show full text]
  • Tertiary Stratigraphy of the Navajo Country Charles A
    New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/9 Tertiary stratigraphy of the Navajo country Charles A. Repenning, J. F. Lance, and J. H. Irwin, 1958, pp. 123-129 in: Black Mesa Basin (Northeastern Arizona), Anderson, R. Y.; Harshbarger, J. W.; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 9th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 205 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 1958 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Narbona Pass/Sheep Springs
    Navajo Tribal Utility Authority® An Enterprise of the Navajo Nation 2018 Annual Water Quality Report Narbona Pass and Sheep Springs NTUA Annual Water Quality Report - Public Water System ID# NN3503031 Calendar Year 2018 Consumer Confidence Report 2018 General The Navajo Tribal Utility Authority (NTUA) operates and maintains the public water system within Information… your community. NTUA has created the Consumer Confidence Report to reassure our dedication and It is important for you, our valued commitment in providing safe and quality potable water to you, our valued customer. Please take a few customer, to understand the potential minutes to view this report and become familiar with your potable water. occurrence and presence of contam- The Consumer Confidence Report will provide valuable information about your potable water, such inants within your potable water. As as, the type of water source, recent water quality detections, potential health effects, and governing drink- water flows on or beneath the surface ing water standards and regulations. With water being an intricate part of our lifestyle, NTUA will continue of the earth, it dissolves naturally occur- to ensure the protection and quality of potable water served to your community. ring minerals and pollutants produced from animal and/or human activity. These disturbed minerals and pollut- Your Water Source… ants are called contaminants and could NTUA provides potable water from several different sources. The majority of communities receive potentially be found in your potable wa- their potable water from ground water. Ground water is pumped from wells, ranging from several feet to ter. Although, these contaminants may hundreds of feet in depth, and treated to become potable water.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic Map and Digital Database of the Cougar Buttes 7.5′ Quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California
    science for a changing world U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OPEN-FILE REPORT U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 00-175 GEOLOGIC MAP AND DIGITAL DATABASE OF THE COUGAR BUTTES 7.5′ QUADRANGLE, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Version 1.0 SUMMARY PAMPHLET: LATE CENOZOIC DEPOSITS OF THE COUGAR BUTTES 7.5′ QUADRANGLE, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA By Robert E. Powell1 and Jonathan C. Matti2 2000 Prepared in cooperation with Mojave Water Agency California Division of Mines and Geology This database is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. U.S. Geological Survey 1 904 W. Riverside Avenue, Spokane, WA 99201-1087 2 520 N. Park Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719 Open-File Report 00-175, The Geologic Map and Digital Database of the Cougar Buttes 7.5' Quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California, and this summary pamphlet have been approved for release and publication by the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey. The geologic map, digital database, and summary pamphlet have been subjected to rigorous review and are a substantially complete representation of the current state of knowledge concerning the geology of the quadrangle, although the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. This Open-File Report is released on the condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held responsible for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.
    [Show full text]
  • Summits on the Air – ARM for the USA (W7A
    Summits on the Air – ARM for the U.S.A (W7A - Arizona) Summits on the Air U.S.A. (W7A - Arizona) Association Reference Manual Document Reference S53.1 Issue number 5.0 Date of issue 31-October 2020 Participation start date 01-Aug 2010 Authorized Date: 31-October 2020 Association Manager Pete Scola, WA7JTM Summits-on-the-Air an original concept by G3WGV and developed with G3CWI Notice “Summits on the Air” SOTA and the SOTA logo are trademarks of the Programme. This document is copyright of the Programme. All other trademarks and copyrights referenced herein are acknowledged. Document S53.1 Page 1 of 15 Summits on the Air – ARM for the U.S.A (W7A - Arizona) TABLE OF CONTENTS CHANGE CONTROL....................................................................................................................................... 3 DISCLAIMER................................................................................................................................................. 4 1 ASSOCIATION REFERENCE DATA ........................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Program Derivation ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 General Information ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Final Ascent
    [Show full text]
  • Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms
    Title 430 – National Soil Survey Handbook Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms Subpart A – General Information 629.0 Definition and Purpose This glossary provides the NCSS soil survey program, soil scientists, and natural resource specialists with landform, geologic, and related terms and their definitions to— (1) Improve soil landscape description with a standard, single source landform and geologic glossary. (2) Enhance geomorphic content and clarity of soil map unit descriptions by use of accurate, defined terms. (3) Establish consistent geomorphic term usage in soil science and the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS). (4) Provide standard geomorphic definitions for databases and soil survey technical publications. (5) Train soil scientists and related professionals in soils as landscape and geomorphic entities. 629.1 Responsibilities This glossary serves as the official NCSS reference for landform, geologic, and related terms. The staff of the National Soil Survey Center, located in Lincoln, NE, is responsible for maintaining and updating this glossary. Soil Science Division staff and NCSS participants are encouraged to propose additions and changes to the glossary for use in pedon descriptions, soil map unit descriptions, and soil survey publications. The Glossary of Geology (GG, 2005) serves as a major source for many glossary terms. The American Geologic Institute (AGI) granted the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) permission (in letters dated September 11, 1985, and September 22, 1993) to use existing definitions. Sources of, and modifications to, original definitions are explained immediately below. 629.2 Definitions A. Reference Codes Sources from which definitions were taken, whole or in part, are identified by a code (e.g., GG) following each definition.
    [Show full text]
  • Detrital Zircon U-Pb Provenance of the Colorado River: a 5 M.Y
    Research Paper THEMED ISSUE: CRevolution 2: Origin and Evolution of the Colorado River System II GEOSPHERE Detrital zircon U-Pb provenance of the Colorado River: A 5 m.y. record of incision into cover strata overlying the GEOSPHERE; v. 11, no. 6 doi:10.1130/GES00982.1 Colorado Plateau and adjacent regions David L. Kimbrough1, Marty Grove2, George E. Gehrels3, Rebecca J. Dorsey4, Keith A. Howard5, Oscar Lovera6, Andres Aslan7, P. Kyle House8, 19 figures; 5 tables; 1 supplemental file and Philip A. Pearthree9 1Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, USA CORRESPONDENCE: [email protected] 2School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Building 320, Stanford, California 94305, USA 3Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 4th Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA CITATION: Kimbrough, D.L., Grove, M., Gehrels, 4Department of Geological Sciences, 1272 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1272, USA G.E., Dorsey, R.J., Howard, K.A., Lovera, O., Aslan, 5U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, California 94025-3591, USA A., House, P.K., and Pearthree, P.A., 2015, Detrital 6Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 595 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA zircon U-Pb provenance of the Colorado River: A 7Colorado Mesa University, 1100 North Avenue, Grand Junction, Colorado 81501, USA 5 m.y. record of incision into cover strata overlying the 8U.S. Geological Survey, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA Colorado Plateau and adjacent regions: Geosphere, 9Arizona Geological Survey, 416 W.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy of Black Mesa, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona H
    New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/9 Late Cretaceous stratigraphy of Black Mesa, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona H. G. Page and C. A. Repenning, 1958, pp. 115-122 in: Black Mesa Basin (Northeastern Arizona), Anderson, R. Y.; Harshbarger, J. W.; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 9th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 205 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 1958 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Narbona Pass/Sheep Springs
    Navajo Tribal Utility Authority® An Enterprise of the Navajo Nation 2020 Annual Water Quality Report Calendar Year 2020 Public Water System NN3503031 - Narbona Pass, New Mexico This report is a snapshot of your water quality General Information… Included are details about where your water comes from, what it contains, and how it It is important for you, our val- compares to standards set by regulatory agencies. We are committed to providing you with ued customer, to understand the information because informed customers are our best allies. potential occurrence and presence of contaminants within your potable Consumer Confidence Report 2020 water. As water flows on or beneath The Navajo Tribal Utility Authority (NTUA) operates and maintains the public water system the surface of the earth, it dissolves within your community. NTUA has created the Consumer Confidence Report to reassure our naturally occurring minerals and pol- dedication and commitment in providing safe and quality potable water to you, our valued lutants produced from animal and/ customer. Please take a few minutes to view this report and become familiar with your potable or human activity. These disturbed water. minerals and pollutants are called The Consumer Confidence Report will provide valuable information about your potable contaminants and could potential- water, such as, the type of water source, recent water quality detections, potential health effects, ly be found in your potable water. and governing drinking water standards and regulations. With water being an intricate part of our Although, these contaminants may lifestyle, NTUA will continue to ensure the protection and quality of potable water served to your not necessarily pose a health risk community.
    [Show full text]
  • A Geomorphic Classification System
    A Geomorphic Classification System U.S.D.A. Forest Service Geomorphology Working Group Haskins, Donald M.1, Correll, Cynthia S.2, Foster, Richard A.3, Chatoian, John M.4, Fincher, James M.5, Strenger, Steven 6, Keys, James E. Jr.7, Maxwell, James R.8 and King, Thomas 9 February 1998 Version 1.4 1 Forest Geologist, Shasta-Trinity National Forests, Pacific Southwest Region, Redding, CA; 2 Soil Scientist, Range Staff, Washington Office, Prineville, OR; 3 Area Soil Scientist, Chatham Area, Tongass National Forest, Alaska Region, Sitka, AK; 4 Regional Geologist, Pacific Southwest Region, San Francisco, CA; 5 Integrated Resource Inventory Program Manager, Alaska Region, Juneau, AK; 6 Supervisory Soil Scientist, Southwest Region, Albuquerque, NM; 7 Interagency Liaison for Washington Office ECOMAP Group, Southern Region, Atlanta, GA; 8 Water Program Leader, Rocky Mountain Region, Golden, CO; and 9 Geology Program Manager, Washington Office, Washington, DC. A Geomorphic Classification System 1 Table of Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... 5 I. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 6 History of Classification Efforts in the Forest Service ............................................................... 6 History of Development .............................................................................................................. 7 Goals
    [Show full text]
  • Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation
    Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: Monitoring and Managing Biodiversity Loss in South-East Africa's Montane Ecosystems MT MABU, MOZAMBIQUE: BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION November 2012 Jonathan Timberlake, Julian Bayliss, Françoise Dowsett-Lemaire, Colin Congdon, Bill Branch, Steve Collins, Michael Curran, Robert J. Dowsett, Lincoln Fishpool, Jorge Francisco, Tim Harris, Mirjam Kopp & Camila de Sousa ABRI african butterfly research in Forestry Research Institute of Malawi Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 2 Front cover: Main camp in lower forest area on Mt Mabu (JB). Frontispiece: View over Mabu forest to north (TT, top); Hermenegildo Matimele plant collecting (TT, middle L); view of Mt Mabu from abandoned tea estate (JT, middle R); butterflies (Lachnoptera ayresii) mating (JB, bottom L); Atheris mabuensis (JB, bottom R). Photo credits: JB – Julian Bayliss CS ‒ Camila de Sousa JT – Jonathan Timberlake TT – Tom Timberlake TH – Tim Harris Suggested citation: Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Dowsett-Lemaire, F., Congdon, C., Branch, W.R., Collins, S., Curran, M., Dowsett, R.J., Fishpool, L., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Kopp, M. & de Sousa, C. (2012). Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. 94 pp. Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 3 LIST OF CONTENTS List of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]