DOCSLIB.ORG

May, 2015 EXPLORING an ALTERNATIVE PUBLIC RELATIONS FRAMEWORK for THE

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
May, 2015 EXPLORING an ALTERNATIVE PUBLIC RELATIONS FRAMEWORK for THE EXPLORING AN ALTERNATIVE PUBLIC RELATIONS FRAMEWORK FOR THE PUBLIC SECTOR A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Andrea M. Ferraro May, 2015 EXPLORING AN ALTERNATIVE PUBLIC RELATIONS FRAMEWORK FOR THE PUBLIC SECTOR Andrea M. Ferraro Dissertation Approved: Accepted: _____________________________ _____________________________ Advisor Interim Department Chair Dr. Raymond W. Cox III Dr. John C. Green _____________________________ _____________________________ Committee Member Dean of the College Dr. Francois K. Doamekpor Dr. Chand Midha _____________________________ _____________________________ Committee Member Interim Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Ghazi Falah Dr. Rex Ramiser _____________________________ _____________________________ Committee Member Date Dr. Namkyung Oh _____________________________ Committee Member Dr. Julia A. Spiker ii ABSTRACT Public relations is a critical function of a democracy as government must create policies and programs, generate awareness, inform, encourage input and engagement, solicit support, and measure results. Furthermore, government has a responsibility to protect and promote public interest. Thus, public administrators must practice public relations. However, existing models developed in the corporate context make practicing public relations in government challenging. This study examines the differences between the public and private sectors and advocates a new public relations framework, allowing government to practice public relations more effectively. Although research has discovered differences between the two sectors, there has been little attempt to create an alternative model of public relations for government use. This is important research since new models of governance and administration have engaged citizenship at the root of their practice and public administrators are tasked with increasing public participation in environments characterized by cynicism and distrust. Today, public relations must be able to assist administrators with the task of establishing and maintaining relationships with citizens. Based on the review of literature in both the communication and public administration disciplines and findings from this study, which utilized interviews with practicing public communicators in city and county government in the state of Ohio, the iii author proposes an alternative framework of public relations for the public sector. This new model, entitled the Government-Citizen Relationship Framework, recognizes the differences between the public and private sectors, assimilates the study findings, and incorporates an endogenic tradition by utilizing both the relationship dimensions in the relational theory of public relations and public participation decision making to help establish relationships with citizens and build community. This study attempts to fill the gap in the research, contribute to theory building in the communication and public administration disciplines, and offer praxis to public administrators so they can accomplish both pragmatic and democratic public relations. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………………….ix CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………….1 Distinctions Between the Public and Private Sectors…………………………….......6 Theoretical Frameworks…………………………………………………………….14 Purpose of Study ………………………………………………………………........21 II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE...……………………………………………………..26 History of Public Relations…………………………………………………….........27 Limitations Regarding the History of Public Relations……………………………..40 Defining Public Relations…………………………………………………………...43 The Role of Public Relations in Government………………………………….........48 Differences Between the Public and Private Sectors………………………………..56 Public Participation………………………………………………………………….69 The Relational Theory of Public Relations………………………………………….72 Summary…………………………………………………………………………….75 III. RESEARCH DESIGN………..………………………………………………….....77 Qualitative Approach in an Interpretative Paradigm………………………………..78 Theory……………………………………………………………………………….80 v Research Design……………………………………………………………………...82 First Step: Purposeful Sampling of Study Population ……………………………….82 The Survey……………………………………………………………………………84 Second Step: Face-to-Face Semi-Structured Interviews………………………….….85 Third Step: Exploring an Alternative Public Relations Framework for the Public Sector…………………………………………………………………………89 Summary………………………………………………………………………..........89 IV. RESULTS…………………………………………………………………………...91 Online Survey Findings……………………………………………………………...92 Analysis of the Interviews…………………………………………………………...95 Summary……………………………………………………………………………139 V. EMERGENT ALTERNATIVE PUBLIC RELATIONS FRAMEWORK FOR THE PUBLIC SECTOR: THE GOVERNMENT-CITIZEN RELATIONSHIP FRAMEWORK………………………………………………………………..........142 The Government-Citizen Relationship Framework………………………………...144 Discussion of the New Framework…………………………………………………147 Summary……………………………………………………………………………150 VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS………………………………………….......151 Summary and Review of Central Themes……………………………………..........151 Limitations and Implications for Future Studies……………………………………158 Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………160 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………....163 APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………….....175 vi APPENDIX A. THOMAS’ (1995) PUBLIC PARTICIPATION EFFECTIVE DECISION MODEL INTEGRATED WITH GRUNIG & HUNT’S (1984) FOUR INDICES TO MEASURE PUBLIC RELATIONS MODELS (AS PROPOSED BY THE AUTHOR)……………………………………………….....176 APPENDIX B. HUMAN SUBJECTS APPROVAL FROM THE INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD, OFFICE OF RESEARCH ADMINISTRATION, THE UNIVERSITY OF AKRON………………………….178 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 5.1 The government-citizen relationship framework of public relations………………………………………………………………………145 viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Communication is a critical component for government. For a democracy to survive, public information must be available (Garnett, 1992; Wilcox & Cameron, 2012). It is the role of government, at the federal, state, and local levels, to communicate in an attempt to create policies and programs, generate awareness, inform, educate, solicit support, and measure results (Wilcox & Cameron, 2012). Public administrators and elected officials must utilize communication to help develop, implement, and monitor policies, programs, and legislation (Garnett, 1992). It is also the responsibility of government to seek feedback from its citizens so it can gauge public opinion and support and adjust programs and services accordingly. Citizens, in turn, must be able to interact with and respond to their government and communication is the key to active citizen engagement. Whether it is writing letters to elected officials, attending public meetings, or getting involved in local grass-roots causes, it is important for citizens to be able to influence and judge the role of government in their lives (Wilcox & Cameron, 2010). Developing effective communication programs for both internal and external audiences is often referred to as public relations. Communication is an activity of public relations and has been central to both the study and practice of public relations (Ledingham & Bruning, 2000). Public relations practitioners develop and manage 1 communication between their organizations and important stakeholders/target publics (Grunig & Hunt, 1984). At the heart of public relations is creating and maintaining beneficial relationships with employees, consumers, government, the community, the media, and other special publics (Grunig & Hunt, 1984). Public relations practices and theories have been largely embraced by corporations and non-profit organizations in the private sector, yielding successful results (Grunig & Hunt, 1984; Wilcox & Cameron, 2012; Broom & Sha, 2103). Public relations has also been employed by government and continues to be utilized by the public sector. As early as the beginning of the twentieth century, the Bureau of City Betterment was established for the purpose of attaining more efficient management and operation of the city of New York, and it used publicity to help achieve that (Stivers, 2000). Publicity was also exercised by the New York Bureau of Municipal Research to reveal to citizens inefficiency, waste, and poor living conditions, especially amongst the immigrant populations, resulting in public outcry that led to support for municipal reform (Stivers, 2000). President Wilson appointed George Creel, a journalist, as chairman of the Committee on Public Information, which would help build support by the American people for World War I efforts through advocacy and publicity, including the Four- Minute Men community volunteers and the publishing of a daily newspaper about the war efforts (Fleming, 2003). Lee (1998) notes that public relations was presented as a responsibility of public administrators in early public administration textbooks from the 1920s through the 1950s and two important functions it served was to advertise the services of government 2 agencies and create support for policy. Dimock (1937) asserted that public administration needs to be concerned with responsiveness. He wrote in 1934, “The most neglected aspect of public administration is salesmanship – what is usually called, in the broader sense, public relations” (p. 660). White’s Introduction to the Study of Public Administration (1947) advises administrative agencies to be concerned with executing policy and its public relations endeavors “directed
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sadece Bernays'ın Eşi Mi? Halkla İlişkilerin Kadın Öncüllerinden Doris
    ISSN: 1304-4796 Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Manisa Celal Bayar University Journal of Social Sciences 2020; 18 (Armağan Sayısı); 311-324 Sadece Bernays’ın Eşi Mi? Halkla İlişkilerin Kadın Öncüllerinden Doris E. Fleischman Nilüfer Pınar Kılıç a, b, İlkin Esen Yıldırımc Özet Anahtar Kelimeler Profesyonel anlamda halkla ilişkiler uygulamalarının tarihi 1900’lü yıllardan Halkla İlişkiler Tarihi başlamakta ve genellikle Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ndeki öncüller Doris Elsa Fleischman aracılığıyla aktarılmaktadır. Ivy Lee ve Edward L. Bernays üzerinden aktarılan bu tarih anlatısında kadın öncüllerin göz ardı edilmesi çalışmanın motivasyon Edward Bernays noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın temel amacı halkla ilişkiler alanın Tarihyazımı kuruluşunda ve gelişiminde önemli işler yapmış olan ve Türkiye’deki halkla ilişkiler literatüründe yer almayan Doris Elsa Fleischman’ın alana katkılarını Makale Hakkında görünür kılmaktır. Bu bağlamda öncelikle Türkiye’de yayınlanmış halkla ilişkiler kitapları incelenerek literatür taraması yapılmış, sonrasında Amerika Geliş Tarihi: 28.01.2020 Birleşik Devletleri halkla ilişkiler tarihinde önemli bir yeri bulunan Kabul Tarihi: 12.10.2020 Fleischman’ın halkla ilişkiler alanına katkıları olumsuz örnek olay yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak Bernays’ın şirketinin eş ortağı olan Doris E. Doi: 10.18026/cbayarsos.681305 Fleischman’ın, alanın adlandırılmasından uygulamalardaki katkılarına kadar pek çok alanda faaliyette bulunduğu ve akademik yayınlar yaptığı tespit edilmiştir. Is She Just Bernays's Wife? Doris E. Fleischman, One of the Women's Precursors of Public Relations Abstract Keywords The history of professional public relations begins in the 1900s and is usually Public Relations History conveyed through the precursors in the United States. The Ignorance of Doris Elsa Fleischman precursors in this historical narrative, expressed over Ivy Lee and Edward L.
    [Show full text]
  • Anne Bernays Says Photo B Y Phil S M Ith the Urge to Write “Was As Mysterious and Subterranean As the Urge to Produce a Child Had Been
    COVER FEATURE ITH By DeBoRah MiLSTeiN M Y PHIL S B N HER ESSAY “Fifty Years in the Bonds of Matrimony,” Anne Bernays says PHOTO E the urge to write “was as mysterious and subterranean as the urge to produce a M child had been. Maybe they had something to do with each other, the creative floodgates having been released in a torrent.” New motherhood, and a chance encounter, moved Bernays into a new realm of words. She confesses to a “shame- The ful”Curious impetus: “I met a woman Urge who had been my tobest friend Write in middle school and I hadn’t seen her in years. I said, ‘Oh, Eleanor, what are you doing?’ She said, ‘I’m taking a writing class at Columbia.’ I went home and wondered, ‘How come ERNAYS IN HER TRURO HO she’s doing that and I’m not?’ I realized I wanted to do this. If I hadn’t bumped into B Anneher I probably would haveBernays done it anyway—yet it started me off.” ANNE 2010 PROVINCETOWNARTS 91 I in Boston and on the Cape, explores shifting relation- ships and changing neighborhoods. Recently, Bernays completed the manuscript of another novel, The Man on the Third Floor, which is currently on offer. She was in her early thirties when her first novel ap- peared. Her father, Edward Bernays, the self-proclaimed father of public relations, issued a press release, which made her cringe. “I once had a shrink tell me that my father couldn’t see his children as anything but exten- sions of himself, so my success would be his success,” she explains.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Relations, Edward L. Bernays
    F. W. FAXON COMPAN Y P n e in U S of ri t d the nited tates America , by P H the Rumford ress , Concord , New ampshire T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S D fl art One WRITINGS BY EDWARD L . BERNAYS ks 1 . Ia 2 . I n Periodicals 3 . Published Talks Tart Two B WRITINGS ABOUT EDWARD L . ERNAYS M n n in B k 1 . e tio oo s 2 . Profiles Tfiree AD D ENDA F. W. FAXON COMPANY f Printed in the United States o America , by H the Rumford Press , Concord , New ampshire T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S Tart One WRITINGS BY ED WARD L . BERNAYS 1 . Ia ks 2 . In Periodicals 3 . P ublished Talks ‘ fParz Two B WRITINGS ABOUT EDWARD L . ERNAYS M in B k 1 . ention oo s 2 . Profiles ' ’ ‘ ‘ Tarz I firee ADDENDA t z its re By any test , public relations is oday a recogni ed profession ; it has sponsible practitioners ; it has a growing number of university courses ; it has a i growing sense of social responsibility . It has ts own training courses and it can point to a steady growth of conscious public relations activity by profit and non profit institutions and by government agencies with professional public relations counsel in charge . i i Most important for our purposes , public relat ons has ts own field of litera ture and this book will deal with a vital segment of that field .
    [Show full text]
  • 79Th, Anaheim, CA, August 10-13, 1996)
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 401 568 CS 215 576 TITLE Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (79th, Anaheim, CA, August 10-13, 1996). Newspaper and Magazine Division. INSTITUTION Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. PUB DATE Aug 96 NOTE 316p.; For other sections of these proceedings, see CS 215 568-580. PUB TYPE Collected Works Conference Proceedings (021) EDRS PRICE MFO1 /PC13 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Feminism; *Journalism; *Mass Media Effects; Mass Media Role; *Newspapers; *Periodicals; Popular Culture; Presidential Campaigns (United States); Sex Bias; Victims of Crime IDENTIFIERS Audiotex; *Journalists; Media Bias; *Media Coverage; News Bias; News Sources; Popular Magazines ABSTRACT The Newspaper and Magazine section of the proceedings contains the following 11 papers: "Real-Time Journalism: Instantaneous Change for News Writing" (Karla Aronson and others); "Names in the News: A Study of Journalistic Decision-Making in Regard to the Naming of Crime Victims" (Michelle Johnson); "The Daily Newspaper and Audiotex Personals: A Case Study of Organizational Adoption of Innovation" (Debra Merskin); "What Content Shows about Topic-Team Performance" (John T. Russial); "Have You Heard the News? Newspaper Journalists Consider Audiotex and Other New Media Forms" (Jane B. Singer); "Who Reports the Hard/Soft News? A Study of Differences in Story Assignments to Male and Female Journalists at 'Newsweek'" (Dan Alinanger); "Welcome to Lilliput: The Shrinking of the General Interest in Magazine Publishing" (Erik Ellis); "The Retiring Feminist: Doris E. Fleischman and Doris Fleischman Bernays" (Susan Henry); "'Of Enduring Interest': The First Issue of 'The Readers Digest' as a 'Snapshot' of America in 1922--and its Legacy in a Mass-Market Culture" (Carolyn Kitch); "News Magazine Lead Story Coverage of the 1992 Presidential Campaign" (Mark N.
    [Show full text]
  • Edward L. Bernays Papers
    Edward L. Bernays Papers A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress Prepared by John P. Butler, William Gralka, and Paul D. Ledvina Revised and expanded by Connie L. Cartledge with the assistance of Patrick Kerwin, Susie H. Moody, and Sherralyn McCoy Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 1996 Contact information: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mss.contact Finding aid encoded by Library of Congress Manuscript Division, 2003 Finding aid URL: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms003016 Latest revision: 2011 July Collection Summary Title: Edward L. Bernays Papers Span Dates: 1777-1994 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1920-1990) ID No.: MSS12534 Creator: Bernays, Edward L., 1891-1995 Extent: 227,000 items; 860 containers plus 54 oversize; 160.2 linear feet Language: Collection material in English Repository: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Abstract: Public relations counsel. Correspondence, memoranda, research notes, speeches, articles, book drafts, surveys, reports, publicity material, scrapbooks, photographs, printed matter, and other material documenting Bernays's career as a pioneer in the field of public relations and the development of that profession and its influence on American society. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. People Bern, Paul, 1889-1932--Correspondence. Bernays family. Bernays, Doris Fleischman, 1891- Wife is many women. 1955. Bernays, Doris Fleischman, 1891- --Correspondence. Bernays, Edward L., 1891-1995. Bernays, Edward L., 1891-1995.
    [Show full text]
  • “Mini-Me” History Public Relations from the Dawn of Civilization
    “Mini-Me” History Public Relations from the Dawn of Civilization Paper by Don Bates APR, Fellow PRSA Published by the Institute for Public Relations, 2002 Updated October 2006 “Mini-Me History” by Don Bates Copyright © 2006, Don Bates Published by Institute for Public Relations www.instituteforpr.org 2 “Mini-Me” History Public Relations from the Dawn of Civilization By Don Bates, APR, Fellow PRSA Don Bates is a well-known public relations practitioner. He is an Accredited member and Fellow of the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), and an Honorary Trustee of the Institute for Public Relations. He has worked for leading corporations, not-for-profit organizations and agencies. In 1982, he started his own public relations firm, The Bates Company, which he sold in 1994. He has taught part-time at several colleges and universities, including the New School University, the New York Institute of Technology and most recently Columbia University. His writings on public relations have appeared in Media Now (Wadsworth/Thomson), in the 1st International Encyclopedia of Mass Communications and in other books and publications. Table of Contents • U.S. Public Relations Time Line (1900-2002) • Preface: To My Colleagues in Public Relations • This Thing We Call “PR” • Roots in Ancient Civilization • Hail, Caesar! • Origins of Modern Public Relations • The American Way • Age of the Robber Barons • The Press Release in History • PR Pioneers o Ivy Ledbetter Lee o Edward L. Bernays • Public Relations and the Bell System o Theodore N. Vail o Arthur W. Page • Public Relations Matures • Rise of Public Relations Ethics • The New Millennium Meltdown • PR “D-Day”: The 9/11 Attacks • PR History in Perspective • Addendum: Europe Joins In • The British Influence • References “Mini-Me History” by Don Bates Copyright © 2006, Don Bates Published by Institute for Public Relations www.instituteforpr.org 3 Public Relations Time Line (1900-2002) 1900 Publicity Bureau of Boston established as first public relations firm.
    [Show full text]
  • PUBLIC RELATIONS, EDWARD L. BERNAYS and the AMERICAN SCENE
    PUBLIC RELATIONS, EDWARD L. BERNAYS and the AMERICAN SCENE ^Annotated bibliography ofand Inference (juide to writings by and about DWARD Public relations is today a key activity in the United States. It has an extensive literature. It is taught in the universities. But bibliography of the field is ex tremely limited. Yet bibliogra phy is an essential tool for an organized approach, through re search and study, to basic knowl edge and viewpoints in any field. A reference guide to published material by and about the prac titioner is vital today in order to provide data for those who are studying public relations. Hence this book, the first of its kind. It was decided to do a bibliog raphy of published material by and about Edward L. Bernays, public relations counsel, because of his outstanding position in the field a position which has prompted Time magazine and other authorities to call him "U.S. Publicist No. 1." This book is an indispensable source of information and guid ance to published material for all those concerned with the practice, theory and dynamics of public opinion and public relations. Fully annotated, it presents a panorama of the growth of pub lic relations in the United States in the past three and a half dec ades. Its nearly 400 references show the development of the profession of public relations counsel, changing attitudes to ward it, the public's growing understanding. Graphically, it il lustrates how the creative pi oneering viewpoint of one man has penetrated various fields of American thought and activity. Abstracts of books, articles and talks by Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Journalism and Mass Communication (JMC)
    Journalism and Mass Communication (JMC) JMC-16 (C) CORPORATE COMMUNICATION Block – 01 Introduction to Corporate Communication UNIT 1 DEFINITION, NATURE, SCOPE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF CORPORATE COMMUNICATION UNIT 2 OBJECTIVES OF CORPORATE COMMUNICATION, BASIC FUNCTIONS OF CORPORATE COMMUNICATION UNIT 3 BRIEF HISTORY OF CORPORATE COMMUNICATION IN INDIA, PIONEERS OF CORPORATE COMMUNICATION Expert Committee Professor. Mrinal Chatterjee Dr.Asish Kumar Dwivedy Professor, IIMC, Dhenkanal –Chairman Asst. Professor, Humanities and Social Science (Communication Studies), SoA University, BBSR-Member Mr. Sudhir Patnaik Editor, Samadrusti – Member Mr. Sujit Kumar Mohanty Asst. Professor, JMC, Central University of Orissa, Koraput - Member Dr. Dipak Samantarai Dr. Jyoti Prakash Mohapatra Director, NABM, BBSR- Member Faculty JMC- Convener Course Writer Course Editor Mr Sanjay Sahoo Dr. Ashish Kumar Dwivedy Assistant General Manager Senior Academic Consultant Corporate Communication Journalism and Mass Communication Jindal Steel and Power Limited OSOU, Sambalpur Material Production Dr. Manas Ranjan Pujari Registrar Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur (CC) OSOU, 2020. Introduction to Corporate Communication is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-sa/4.0 Printed by : UNIT-1 DEFINITION, NATURE, SCOPE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF CORPORATE COMMUNICATION Structure 1.1 Learning Objectives 1.2 Introduction 1.3 Defining Corporate Communication 1.4 Important Concepts in Corporate Communication 1.4.1
    [Show full text]
  • Justin Kaplanarcheology
    The ITH M Justin KaplanArcheology Y PHIL S B PHOTO of E M Remembered Lives THE WRITER IN HIS TRURO HO JUSTIN KAPLAN had no early dream of being picture himself as a “double orphan.” An uncle money than Walt Whitman, but Whitman did a writer. As a boy, he was busy civilizing himself. shepherded him until his older brother, Howard, have a small amount, and that was all he needed. His father, Tobias, born in Russia, was an ortho- was old enough to become his legal guardian. Kaplan’s biography Mr. Clemens and Mark dox Jew who dreamed of becoming a rabbi, until In his memoir Back Then: Two Lives in 1950s Twain was publishedBy Christopher in 1966, winning Busa both the he immigrated to America, where he prospered New York, written in alternating chapters with his Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award. Walt as a businessman. By the end of the Depression, wife, Anne Bernays, Kaplan remembers wonder- Whitman: A Life, published in 1980, also won a Na- his family emerged, Kaplan said, “moderately ing: “What will become of me?” tional Book Award. His next major inquiry into wealthy.” His immigrant family had become Indeed this question haunted him for two de- the era, Lincoln Steffens: A Biography, investigated Americans, living on native grounds. cades, opening up concerns about identity, lineage, the investigators of corruption. Steffens was The Kaplans lived in a comfortable apartment family allegiance, and career accomplishment. The called a “muckraker,” a word that is derived from on the Upper West Side in New York, where Justin primal example shown by his father’s endurance John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, castigating those attended the nearby progressive Center School.
    [Show full text]
  • Papers of Edward L. Bernays Span Dates: 1777-1994 Bulk Dates: (Bulk 1920-1990) ID No.: MSS12534 Creator: Bernays, Edward L
    Edward L. Bernays A Register of His Papers in the Library of Congress Prepared by John P. Butler, William Gralka, and Paul D. Ledvina Revised and expanded by Connie L. Cartledge with the assistance of Patrick Kerwin, Susie H. Moody, and Sherralyn McCoy Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 1996 Contact information: http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/mss/address.html Finding aid encoded by Library of Congress Manuscript Division, 2003 2004-08-12 converted from EAD 1.0 to EAD 2002 Collection Summary Title: Papers of Edward L. Bernays Span Dates: 1777-1994 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1920-1990) ID No.: MSS12534 Creator: Bernays, Edward L. (1891-1995) Extent: 227,000 items; 860 containers plus 54 oversize; 160.2 linear feet Language: Collection material in English Repository: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Abstract: Public relations counsel. Correspondence, memoranda, research notes, speeches, articles, book drafts, surveys, reports, publicity material, scrapbooks, photographs, printed matter, and other material documenting Bernays's career as a pioneer in the field of public relations and the development of that profession and its influence on American society. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. Names: Bernays, Edward L., 1891- Bern, Paul, 1889-1932 --Correspondence Bernays, Doris Fleischman, 1891- --Correspondence Black, Sam, 1915- --Correspondence Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977--Correspondence Boomer, Lucius M. (Lucius Messenger), 1878-1947--Correspondence Boorstin, Daniel J.
    [Show full text]
  • A Historical and Analytical Study of Feminization in the Field of Public Relations Taylor U
    Southeastern University FireScholars Selected Honors Theses 4-2013 A Historical and Analytical Study of Feminization in the Field of Public Relations Taylor U. (Flumerfelt) Beatty Southeastern University - Lakeland Follow this and additional works at: http://firescholars.seu.edu/honors Part of the Gender and Sexuality Commons, Public Relations and Advertising Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation (Flumerfelt) Beatty, Taylor U., "A Historical and Analytical Study of Feminization in the Field of Public Relations" (2013). Selected Honors Theses. Paper 24. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by FireScholars. It has been accepted for inclusion in Selected Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of FireScholars. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FEMINIZATION IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC RELATIONS 1 A Historical and Analytical Study of Feminization in the Field of Public Relations Taylor U. Flumerfelt Southeastern University FEMINIZATION IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC RELATIONS 2 Table of Contents Abstract 4 Chapter 1: Introduction 5 Purpose of Study 5 Limitations of Study 5 Terms 6 Chapter 2: The History and Feminization of Public Relations 7 Early Origins 7 Edward Bernays: “Father” of Public Relations (b. 1891) 7 Ivy Lee (b. 1877) 9 Public Relations 1917-1929 10 Public Relations 1930-1940 11 Public Relations 1941-1960 12 Lorena Hickok 13 Doris Fleischman 14 Public Relations 1960-1980 15 Public Relations 1980-2000 16 Public Relations 2000-Present 17 Chapter 3: Why Women are drawn to Public Relations 19 Chapter 4: Feminization Issues as Experienced by Female Practitioners 21 Social Issues 21 Professional Issues 22 Economic Issues 24 FEMINIZATION IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC RELATIONS 3 Chapter 5: Summary and Conclusions 25 What Can Be Done to Achieve Gender Equality within Public Relations 25 Recommendations for Further Study 27 References 28 FEMINIZATION IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC RELATIONS 4 Abstract The origin of the public relations field can be traced back more than 1,000 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Examining the Role of Women in the Development of Public Relations
    Public Relations Journal Vol. 3, No. 1, Winter 2009 © 2009 Public Relations Society of America Examining The Role of Women in the Development of Public Relations Suzannah A. Patterson This essay documents the contributions of women to the history of public relations. It discusses the work of 27 noteworthy women who actively used public relations strategies, tactics, and tools to evoke significant social change. Women were selected on the basis of their effective or innovative use of public relations, their contributions to society through the use of public relations, and the inspiration they engendered through public relations. Though severely limited by the social norms of their times, these women made creative use of numerous public relations strategies, tactics, and tools including symbolism, public debate, positioning, printed material, the media tour, and oratory. Introduction This essay, based on historical analysis, comprises a history of public relations as developed by women. Their contributions to the early development and implementation of public relations strategies and tactics makes their work meritorious of being compiled into this history. With women representing up to 90 percent of students engaged in the study of public relations in most universities, they must be provided an appropriate history that includes appropriate role models. Today’s women public relations students not only wish to make a living in the practice of public relations, but like their predecessors, wish to evoke change through their effective use of public relations. In addition, the early contributions of women to the development of public relations are both noteworthy in their own right and essential to a comprehensive understanding of the field.
    [Show full text]