Once the Road to Riches and Romance THE OLD CA TTLE TRAILS By MATTHEW PAXTON. UASS now grows on the North- lowed the Chishoim Trail northward North Fork Red river, Croton creek, ern Cattle Trail of Texas, which from San Antonio. Another would say it was not until the packers of Chicago, twentyelght years, A million horses was once the road to riches and crossed North Fork Red river .at Wich- Kansas City and Omaha introduced also had been ridden or driven over the he followed the Chishoim Trail through ita mountains, up North Fork to In- dressed beef and refrigeration that cat- trail, and they brought as good prices as romance. And where not over- the western part of the. State. With the dian Camp. grown by grass, the trail has be,en wiped tle began to be loaded by the thousands the cattle. organization of the Old Time Trail Driv- "From Indian creek to Elm creek, in Abilene and other cow towns of Kan- But, enormous though, as was this out by the tiller of the soil. Here arid ers Association, one of tho first tasks Cash creek, Washita, Canadian. San sas. Until the .seventies there was only wealth, it represents only a small part there, you may still find cow paths four was to determine just where these trails creek, Wolf creek, Otter creek* Beaver pork packing and meat was preserved of the contribution of Mr, Longhorn and feet apart for a width of several miles. lay and their proper names. It was then creek, Wild Horse and Cimarron, where by drying and pickling. Dressed meat his side partner, the mustang, Land That is part of the old trail. But the long ascertained that Jesse Chishoim had Red Clark conducted a road house called and refrigeration made it possible to con- became valuable for stock raising and beaten paths, narrow and once well de- pioneered the trail along the Arkansas 'Long Horn Roundup,' on up Bear creek, vey the Texas steer in edible form to increased from $1 to $10 an acre as a fined through the State* of Texas, Ok- river, while John Chishum had blazed Bluff creek, Mailey's road house, Mul- New England, where there was the result of the drive. lahoma, Arkansas, Colorado and Kansas, a trail to the head of the Concho river berry creek and Dodge City." in West Texas. Another trail ran north greatest scarcity of cattle. There are other heroes in the history have about disappeared. Fict.ion writers Mr. Saunders explained that several Romance there was and adventure on of the State, but it would be hard to pictured it as a beaten highway without along the Pecos river into the Colorado of the Texas counties were not organ- country. It had been pioneered by the Northern Trail. Men like George find one who has done as much for the a blade nf grass upon it, but those who ized at that time and none organized in Saunders and Colonel Ike Pryor were happiness and development of the State wrote in this way of the trail probably Charles Goodnight, of Goodnight, Texas, the Indian Territory. lured to the trail by tales of buffalo as the Texas steer. were looking out on the New York har- in the late sixties, and was known as Texas Cattle Poor and Land Poor. hunts, stampedes and Indian encoun- bor as they wrote and the chances are tho Goodnight and Loving Trail. ters. Even women were attracted to the Longhbrn Now a Curiosity. they had never been west of Buffalo, These trails of the West served only Texas was cattle poor and land poor life of the trail. Samuel Dunn Hous- What was his reward? He is missing New York. a small portion of the herds that were when the drives started. The Carpet ton, of San Antonio, picked up a boy at from the range. Breeded cattle like the For the Northern ('attic Trail never driven North into Kansas and the Baggers had issued land certificates a livery stable in Clayton, New Mexico, Shorthorn, the Hereford, have taken his was a broad highway, as we find high- Northwest. Most of the herds followed which came to be worth next to nothing. and hired him. He called himself Wil- place. Soon, what is said to be the last ways today. It consisted merely of cow the Northern Trail. In some parts of the State, land was not lie Matthews. Willie was good-natured, of the species on the range, although paths parallel to each other. For a time "The Trail Drivers of Texas," the worth more than twenty cents an acre. and when there was a storm at night he one or two of his mates may be scat- it wound from Brownsville to Kansas, most complete history of the cattle Probably the average value throughout would get up and stay with the cattle tered about, will be driven by cowboys but its existence was somewhat brief. trails, contains many discussions of the the State was about one dollar an acre. until it was over. "The Kid," as Hous- from Bandera, Texas, to the zoo in The Old San Antonio Road, which was location of the Northern Trail. In vol- Except in East'Texas there were no ton called him, stayed with the herd for Brackenridge Park, San Antonio. a cattle trail no less than the Northern ume II, George W. three or four The great . Edwards Plateau, be- Trail, had a continuous existence of Saunders, organiz- months. But at tween Austin and the Rio Grande river, < more than a hundred years, and even er of the Old Time Hugo, Colorado, probably the most expansive grazing now parts of it are in use. Trail Drivers of Texas, who collect- "the kid" said he strip of ground in the country, now is ' Northern Trail Endured 28 Years. wanted to quit be- dotted with Merino sheep, Angora goats ed the material for cause he was as well as breeded cattle, but old ''Dog- But the Northern Trail endured for both volume s, homesick. gy," old "Sea Lion," old "Hatrack," as only twenty-eight years. Before that gives the log of he was called in various communities, time cattle were driven to New Orleans the cattle trails "The Kid" Turns has become a curiosity for a zoo. His and to the army posts, and a few cattle from Texas to Out to Be a peat horns proved a problem, since one were driven over an old military trail as Kansas and the Woman. Longhorn in a cattle car could wreck far as Sedalia, Mo. The Northern Trail N o r t h west ern havoc if aroused; and not many could States. Later that day did not Really come into existence until a well-dressed girl be hauled in a car. But, in addition to the Kansas Pacific railroad reached "Starting at the came but to the the difficulty of transportation, a Here- Abilene, Kansas, after which there wan Rio Grande river," camp and it turn- ford could be raised cheaper, in terms a continuous stream of cattle north- M r. S a u n d e r s ed out that she of quality meat, than the Longhorn, So ward from Brownsville, Texas, and writes, "the trail the king of the old ranges has passed. intermediate points. They were driv- was "the kid." p a s s e. d through Then she told Even Brahma cattle, from India, which en in herds of about 2.500 each. Cameron, Willacy, are immune to the dangerous tick, may Beginning in 1807. .15.000 cattle Houston that her Hidalgo, Brooks, father was an old- be found in considerable numbers. There were driven to Abilene. By 1875, Kenedy, Kleberg, are eleven herds of them and some the peak was reached and 750.- time trail-driver Nueces, Jim Wells, from Southern breeders say they are more suited for 000 cattle were driven up the trail. San Patricio, Live Uecent photo of a group of Longhorns whose ancestors were the kind of cattle that made Texas than any other State. Gradually from that time on the num- famous "The Old Cattle Trails." Texas who had Oak, Bee,' Goliacl, settled in Caldwell, No monument has been erected to the ber grew less and less until it closed in Karnes, Wilson, Gonzales, Guacla- cattle ranches. Longhorn cattle had Longhorn, although the Buckhorn sa- 1805 before the advance of the railroads Kansas. Her father had talked so much lupe, Caldwell, Hays, Travis, William- multiplied until there were more than about the trail that she had made up her loon at San Antonio, which has the and other factors which forced down the son, Bell, Falls, Bosque, McLennan, Hill, four million of them, in 1867. While largest collection of horns in the world, prices of Longhorn cattle. min.d she was going over it, too. So, Johnson, Tarrant, Denton, Wise, Cook there was this great surplus of meat on dressing up like a man, she had told her contains many fine specimens of their Cattle drivers usually speak of it as and Montague counties to Red River sta- the hoof in Texas, the Eastern States family that she was going to spend a few heads and horns. But Longhorns are the Northern Trail. Many call it the tion, or crossing where the Texas Trail w,ere cattle poor. days in the country, and then she set out represented in the monument which will Chishoim Trail, however. If they refer intersected the Chisholm Trail. But this condition had existed to some be erected in Brackenridge park, San to the trail pioneered by Jesse Chishoim to find a driver who would hire her. Antonio, in memory of the Old Trail Moves Farther West. extent for two centuries and as far back "She was a perfect lady," Mr-. Hous- up tiie Arkansas river, they are not far as 1716 a French trader was making ton said afterward. Trail Drivers and the great cow iwide of the truth, because the Northern In the late seventies it became neces- his way into Texas to obtain cattle and But the romance of the trail was only epoch. The model of the monu- 'Trail crossed the Chishoim Trail at some sary to move the trail farther West, as horses for the French posts in Louis- ment which has been completed by Gut- point on the way northward, no matter a by-product, unless the economic de- the old trail was taken up by farmers. iana. The cattle and horses of Texas velopment of Texas be considered a ro- son Borglum shows several Longhorns how it changed. And the Northern "The trail was changed so as to go were of Spanish origin. Their ancestors on the trail. One old Longhorn steer Trail did change as the raliroads moved mance. There is no question but that through Wilson, Bexar, Kendall, Kerr, had been brought to Mexico by Cortez, it was a romance as astonishing as the has raised its head and the boss of the westward. In the early years of the Kimble, Menard, Concho, McCullough, and those who came after him in the gold rush of forty-nine. herd knows that this means the beast cattle drives the trail wound its way to Cole-man, Callahan, Doan's Store (or the Sixteenth century. These animals were has scented water and that he may Colbert's Ferry on Red river. Several crossing on the Red river). Later on, taken to frontier points along the Rio Cattle increased in value from $3 per plunge forward, starting a stampede. years later the trail crossed Red river at head, the "hide and tallow value," to the Southern herds quit the old trail in Grande river and into Texas. Many es- $25 per head. There was a decline after So the boss has ridden forward to give Red river crossing. In the eighties San Patricio county and went through caped into the mesquite and, finding wa- instructions tb the guide. The stam- Doan's Store was the main crossing, and 1886, due to over-exploitation of the Live Oak, McMullen, La Salle, Dimmit, ter, multiplied in a wild state. In some cattle industry, but it never went as low pede may not be prevented, but if it does then the trail followed the Kansas-Colo- Zavala, Uvalde, Edwards and intersect- districts the mustangs were more plen- take place there may. be no loss of life, if rado line. ed the Western Trail in Kimble county, tiful than the .cattle, and Stephen F. as the hide and tallow value again.. Be- the drivers act promptly. San Antonio from where all followed the well-defined Austin's colony subsisted on them to a fore the trail finally closed in 1895, the has pledged $5.0,000 for the monument, Origin of the Trails. Longhorn cattle brought, according to 16 a of which wil1 be and much traveled trail to Doan's Cross- large extent for two years. one estimate, based on the prices ob- •J <:?, t $100,000, since There was a good deal of confusion ing. Before a market was found in Kan- it will be of bronze and will take two in the discussion of the trail. When tained in Kansas, as high as 200 million "As I remember the trail to Dodge sas, men had tried New Orleans and dollars. About ten million of them had years to complete. It is expected that cattle men met one would sav he fol- City from Doan's Crossing, it passed up army posts in the Indian Territory. But the other $50,000 will be easily raised been driven over the Northern Trail in throughout the remainder of the State

Hill Country Mecca for Summer Camps By JOSEPH B. COWAN /jTHK "Heart of the Hill Country of about 700, depending on the conference of the camp founders because of the f 1 Texas," west of San "Antonio, is periods, and the time when no confer- they are really working themselves into five cabins on the bank of a hill over- r(lV lo {t invigorating climate along with the strong bodies without knowing they are I,-*' P i"g be mecca for summer ences are in session. As a result of this scenic wonders of the Hill Country. under discipline. In the swimming hole ookmg the river. The hill rises abrupt- ±.~.j. recreational and religious camps. camp being located in Kerrville, ly from the bed of the river and the Two religious camps arid six recreation- Schreiner Institute, the junior partner Character Camp for Boys. the camp leaders are vigilant life cabins are located on this terraced hill al camp.s are now located near Kerrville, guards, but the camp boys see them of the encampment, was established Herbert L. Crate, a former business only as members of the daily plunge In front of the mess hall is a cobble- Kerr counts'. three years ago. This is a junior coir man of Houston, was the first summer party. stone court where vines and flowers are Tho religious camps are Westminster iego for boys, endowed by Capt. Charles recreational camp founder. His char- growing profusely. The mess hall is Presbyterian Encampment and the Schreiner of Kerr- Alex Waite, vice principal of Brack- furnished with oak-stained furniture Kerrville Methodist Assembly. Recrea- ville, a veteran enridge high with colored pottery and a cobble-stone tional camps are Camp Texas, K. J. wool broker and school, San Anto- fireplace adorning one end of the hall "Doc" Ste\v;;rt's camp for boys; Log merchant of Kerr nio, has two sum- In this part of the mess hall is a place Cabin Lodge, Coach Stewart's camp for county. The city mer camps, one where the girls can have their entertain, girls; Mrs. DeBellvue's camp, a summer of Kerrville helped for boys and an- ments and stunts. camp for Waco girls, under the direction the Presbyterians other for girls. of Mrs. DeBcllvne; Wahlemar, Alex establish this camp These camps are Exclusive Camp for Girls. Waite's c;.inp for girls; Camp Lone Star, by donating $3,500 located near the Mrs. DeBellvue of Waco has an ex- Alex Waite's camp for boys, and Camp and 42 acres of postoffice of Hunt, clusive camp for girls about fifteen Rio Vista, Herbert L. Crate's character land on which to about sixteen miles from Kerrville, on the Guadalupe camp for boys. develop the propo- mil os west of Kerr- nver This camp accommodates about Attractive features which draw the sition which was ville. Camp Lone twenty or thirty girls. These girls are summer camps to this particular sec- started by a group Star, his camp for housed m lodges instead of cabins. Ae tion of Texas are the high altitude and from San Antonio. boys, is in its third lodges accommodate about twice as Three years ago year. A daily many girls as the cabins ' pleasant climate in thu hills which have schedule is carried an altitude ranging from l,75n feet to the M e t h o d i K t ™oC£ac}! £ i'r .(Doc) stewart, head over 2,000 feet. The Guadalupe river church of the West out in this camp coach at the University of Texas, con- winds through these hills, resulting in Texas district under the direc- ceived the idea of a summer camp about plenty of river front for camp sites. started a camp tion of councillors three years ago and as a result has a About fifteen miles above Kerrville the three miles west of who are in charge of a certain group Guadalupe divides and forms the north Kerrville, where w?FJLo* Cab-in Lod*e)- Cam/Texas, and south forks. Large cypress trees they could come of boys. His boyt located one mile out from Kerrville, , grow on the banks of the river, which for a summer out- are encamped in is attended by boys from high school age Js af>eculiar phenomena, as this partic- ing and have some floored tents on up to college students. His group of ular specie of the tree family has been religious confer- the banks of the councillors has been selected from the Guadatype with '" to grow on but two streams in Texas ences. This camp SS? f£ultie8.and athletic teams of Guadalupe and Molina rivers, was named Kerr- the athletic field, lexas. His equipment consists of cab- makes a beautiful shade ville Methodist As- tennis courts, and ins, mess hall, gymnasium, athletic banks of the Guadalupe, sembly, and has golf course spread- fields, tennis courts, nine-hole golf .clear, slow moving strtam developed into a Summer C»»p on the Guadalupe river, ue«r KwrviUe. ing over his camp course, and a swimming hole on the ^scenic camp country. property, consist- * »YtJjT • modern camp with a dining hall, acter camp for boys, Camp Bio Vista, ing of river front ana rugged hills. On Camp U Years Old. permanent camp cottages, and a camp which is located ou a 1,000-aere tract of the side of the hills overlooking the riv- Log Cabin Lotjge, his camp for g4rl», store and office. Four Conferences are land ten miles west of Kejwille, on is located 18 miles west of KerrviUfl* ^MP| imp in the section is to be held in this camp during this sum- er are located tfce mess hall and the di- under th^ direction of |£ig$ MjBe&a resbyterian Encamp- mer. the Guadalupe river, has prowa to be rector's eafeto. Camp Waldemar, Mr. a popular euro wit* boys, ife baa a Waite's camp for girte, is under the di- |lding its twenty-first Summer recreational camps lor boy* iystemiMd daily program for his boy* , This eacammnent is and girl* are practically a rve.w eater* x- «**ry oat, and this * —*— of Mis* Ora Johuaon of Brack brought 1 to Saptena- *M i* fa*ft, aa* UK beautiful Guadia- " ' schooj, ia* Aatoaio, vary Ifoat 90 to nv«r wa» it** feu PAGE Wtdnwdoy, February 7, 1962 Disaster Auction Barn Stays Busy Exhibit During Livestock Show

The favorite meeting place ofjyear's show. Built of steel ind Scheduled many visitors to the San Antonioicorrugated Iron. 52 plastic sky Livestock Exposition Is the Auc-ilights provide full daylight light- For the first time at any major tion Sales Barn, where the auc-Jmg and 24" roof ventilators prc- stock show, a new and unsual exhibit, Disaster City, will be tioneer's chant is heard amiostU-ide excellent air circulation, held at the San Antonio Livestock daily throughout the ten-day show.| A total of 62 pens, My™ w"h Exposition, Feb. 9-18, according The sales, sponsored by inde-running water, have been installed, to Joe Freeman, board chairman pendent breeders associations, of-'Forty additional outside pens are of the exposition. fer carefully screened breeding!available, if needed. Permanent According to Freeman the ex- hibit will feature- actual demon- animals, generally registered, for seating arrangements will accora- strations and educational exhibits salS to the highest bidder. Here, modate more than 400 spectators. the City of San Antonio Civil the breeder has the opportunity Sales scheduled for th« 1962 Defense and Disaster Relief, plus to meet and exchange ideas withjshow include a Quarter Horse Sals other agencies and commercial •xhibitors of fall-out shelters and other breeders, select new blood|at 9 a.m. February 12; Hereford allied services and products. MAMMOTH STEER—Domino, to be exhibited at Jins to enhance his production, jjreedjng Cattle, 1:00 p.m. Feb- According to A. B. Johnson, the San Antonio show by the K.C. Miller ranches, discuss new trends, and, generally, ,,. polled IIereford Cat- roaden his knowledge of the many « •> -• general manager ot the exposition, is admittedly not a "practical" steer, wei ghing CHAMPION CHAROLAIS—Tom Coquat, manager of the cattle operations of the purpose of Disaster City is breeds of livestock best suited to tie, 1:00 p.m. February 13, Char- the Henderson Coquat Ranches in South Texas, shows Merita, a five-year- to inform without alarming South 3,400 pounds and having a somewhat scrambled his particular area. ' iolais, Charolais-Cross Breeding old Charolais cow weighing 2,010 pounds and which has won three grand Texans of the necessity to plan pedigree. He is kept and taken to shows for the Auction sales of breeding live-Cattle, 9:00 a.m., February 14, for civil defense and disasters and stock have shown an ever in-'Brangus Breeding Cattle, 1 p.m., championship awards at major shows. The Coquat Ranches have been breed- to bring together in one exhibit purpose of demonstrating what can be done with creasing growth and attract con- February 14. ing Charolais cattle 15 years, and Zebu cattle for 20 years. :gencies and manufacturers of Charolais blood in breeding on any good stock. Now sjgnments and buyers from across Also, Appaloosa Horse Sale. 9 products needed for adequate pro- as friendly as a household pet, his antecedents are the country. Originally housed in a.m., February 15; Santa Gertru- tection. a tent, these sales were movedidis Breeding Cattle, 1:00 p.m., Johnson stated that the new almost equal parts of Charolais, Brahman and Here- into a permanent building, con- February 15, and Duroc Breeding Coquat Ranches Show Champions exhibit'will be housed in a huge ford. Few, if any other steers have ever attained his structed for use first during last Swine, 1:30 p.m., February 17.. climate-controlled tent, west of weight. But his conformation, in the eyes of a cat- the Joe Freeman Coliseum be- Long noted for the production of ihave been breeding Charolais cat-ilO seven-eighths Charolais heifers tween the Farm-Ranch Machinery tleman or packer, is a delight to behold. Charolais and Zebu cattle are theitie for approximately 55 years and a purebred bull In the Charo- Show and the Military Exhibits. DEPENDABLE CREDIT Henderson Coquat Ranches in La-,and Zebu cattle for some 20 years. |iais saie slated for Feb. 14 at the "Our approach to the problem exn b ted of disasters, both natural and nu- SaJle and Live Oak counties. jjhey have consistently ' ' ! exposition auction barn. A son of the laic Henderson:cattle at the San Antonio Live-; clear, will be informative and Gentleness, Hardiness Coquat, Robt. H. (Bab) Coquat;stock Exposition each year since! educational. It is our plan to bring Is executor of the estate and has'the exposition was started in 1950.11Z"*., ,,,-,!,! T together in one location every- thing needed for adequate pro- SERVICE over-all supervision of the ranches' Their record of winnings withj J\-lllL/tlJH.l J. itection against diasters," John-j in addition to operating an 8.000-'both Charolais and 7ebu cattle at| (Son declared. acre ranch of his own 22 miles jor shows is indicative of thei n 1 Intensified in Brahmans ma Potential exhibitors will include east of Encinal. Manager of the.quality of the cattle produced. J\UllCllCr TO shelters, air pumps, filters, sur- cattle operations is Tom Coquat, | For instance, a purebred Charo- POTF.ET—Gentleness and hardi- treatment" but they are range vival foods, water containers, a nephew. jlais w, Merita, five years ofj C0 cooking equipment, protective ness are two of the outstanding raised. I In addition to the 20,000-acre|age and weighing 2,010 younds, clothing, radios, batteries, fire ex- characteristics which have not "It has been my policy," he DAIRYMEN, FARMERS AND RANCHERS ranch 30 miles south of Corulla the > has been selected as the grand tinguishers, sanitation equipment, only been bred into but has been explained, "to raise the cattle on operations include the Live Oak j champion cow at three major intensified in Barzee Brahmans, UVALDE—Headquarters (or the medical kits and supplies, financ- the ranges, to select thoss that Stock Farm at Oakville. There shows. ranchmen of this area for more I ing organizations, recrea t ionjproduced by J. V. Gates, veteran do well in these conditions for some 100 head of Charnlais cat- Tha ranches, according to Tom Poteet breeder. than a quarter of a century islequiprnent. replacements and to sell bulls tie are kept, along with, the Coquat, will have 15 Zebu cattle tha widely known Kincaid Hotel, According to show officials, anj In more than 20 years of breed- ranch's show string of these mam-| | ]p head of Charolais entered that are already rugged and See Us About Your Financial Problems an( located in the heart of the down- estimated 350,000 people will view kig Barzee Brahmans, Gates ap- moth cattle. range broke' that won't go to iin competition at this year's Sanlow n basiness section here. the demonstrations end exhibits parently is producing the kind pieces as soon as the new owner The Henderson Coquat Ranches!Antonio show. They also will havej Under the managf,ment of Wm. of Disaster City. of cattle the trade demands. turns them out." "In 22 years of breeding and K. Taylor, the hotel is known as Gates carries s6me 350 head of "the Meetin' and Grectin' Place" selling thnse cattle," he said. "I , „ , .... have never succeeded in produc- registered Brahmans on his Atas- of Southwest Texas. Luckey Runs cosa County ranch, and they are ing a breeding age bull, except , Each of the 75 rooms offers to barns for the hotel's guest every conven- where I have withdrawn the ani-i DAIRY mat from the market. It seems!1*"* herd remains on pasture GONZALES PRODUCTION ience. Superb cuisine and excel- Huge Feedlot that no matter how many or how H).™^ '^.^J^,^ lent service are featured in the conditions, calves come off the few I produce there is always a Kincaid Coffee Shop. A veteran in the cattle feeding dams gentle and fat. The hotel is focal point for buyer for everyone before the business in both California and CREDIT ASSOCIATION Regular ranchers from throughout South- animal has attained breeding JN HA[X Qf pAME Texas, E. George Luckey is oper- west Texas as well as numerous ating near San Antonio one of the Stockyards Bidg. Home Office other visitors to this beautiful Has Own Formula Michigan's Willie Heston Sports argest cattle feedlots in Texas. Southwest Texas city. Gates has his own formula for Hall of Fame pays homage to 29 DELIVERIES DAILY On 1,500 acres about 20 miles San Antonio Gonzales west of San Antonio, he feeds out breeding gentleness and hardinessjsports greats and Ann Marston has been given her place among approximately 50,000 head of, cat- into the cattle he produces. His Schools Day tle annually. Much of the feed cattle are not given "hothouse Ihese personages. TO THE used in this vast operation is pro- duced under irrigation right on the ! Opens The Show ranch. At Luckey's T Cross Cattle Co., SAN ANTONIO AREA Opening day of the Show is a push-button feed mixing plant Schools Day. Customarily, schools enables one man at a control in the Metropolitan San Antonio FOUNDED By DOLPH BRISCOE, SR. panel to mix 350 tons daily of re- Area call a holiday and tickets quired feed. All ingredients are jadmitting students to tha grounds weighed and mixed automatically SERVING DAIRYMEN IN THIS 'are distributed. The youngsters and the feed Is loaded from giant have an opportunity to get a first hoppers into trucks which carry hand look at some of tha finest and distribute it in feed troughs. MILK SHED FOR 12 YEARS livestock in the country and there Not only Is the bulk of the fed are always new-born sheep and cattle marketed in San Antonio calves in the barns. BRISCOE RANCH and other Texas markets, but the rancher also- buys thousands of pounds of grata sorghum and corn Largest in U.S. annually from farmers in Bexarj 3-WAY GRAIN COMPANY and surrounding counties, provid- Breeders of SANTA 6ERTRUDIS Cattle The International Wool and Mo- ing a ready market for their hair Show is the largest of its pordupts. Georgetown, Texas kind in the United States and fea- tures all phases of the industry, from fleece to fabrics. New Contest The new Beet and Lamb Car- cass Contest is the first show of this type held in South Texas, It's purpose is, in part, to provide con- sumers with displays of actual BARZEE BRAHMANS samples of fine cuts of beef and iamb. SUCCESS

TO THE ANNUAL STOCK SHOW •

YELLOW THIS IS BRISCOE RANGE IN BLUE PANIC GRASS. WHERE ANY GOOD CAB CO. CATTLE BREED DOES WELL—BUT SANTA GERTRUDIS ARE TOPS IN RATE OF GAIN, MARKET AGE AND CONVERSION RATE. Serving San Antonio Over ' 31 Years Dependable, Safe, WE HAVE A GOOD SELECTION OF YOUNG BULLS FOR SALE PREFERRED... Courteous Service 1N THE Range raised for range use- SOUTHWEST CA 6-4242 AND,N™ FAR PLACES OF Day or Night Call Priced to fit a cowboy's pocketbook THE WORLD! CHECKER CAB RANCH LOCATED 13 MILES SOUTHWEST OF CATARINA Stockmen-We Will Do Our IF IT'S ONE OR 50 YOUNG BULLS Best to Serve You YOU WANT, WE GENERALLY HAVE THEM TO SHOW YOU LJES BROWN DOLPH BRISCOE. JR. "THE GENTLE KIND" Safe, Courteous Drivers Phone 2804 Catarina Uvalde BR 8-4585 J. V. GATES CA 7-6134 PHONE PI 2*3325 POTEET, TEXAS -Outstanding Breed- l-C IAN ANTONIO LI*HT. SUB., Feb. 13, 1950. LIVESTOCK ^ Santa Gertnidis Proof of Beef Improvement Between that citizen of Ui< ranges and cattle were cleared o: brush country—the Texas Long fever ticks and better varieties f* horn and the fat, sleek Santa of grass were planted. Gertrudis steer or cow, lies a PLACED IN SBBVIQB great gulf. And in its span lies Tlie very best of bulls of both heartbreak, disappointment and British breeds were constantly hard work. being placed in service. However, AU these things, however, are results did not prove entirely sat- forgotten in the knowledge one isfactory. The British breeds of the world's outstanding breeds while more favorable from a mar. of beel cattle has been perfected ket standpoint than the native Proof of this is the great herds Mexican cattle, especially when of this new breed that range the sold as stocker or feeder cattle, King ranch near KtngsvUle. did not prove nearly as good The lowly Texas Longhorn range animals. This was partic- comes Jn for his share of credit ularly true during the hotter First introduced Into Mexico from periods of the year. When tem- Spain, he found his way to Texas peratures soared above 82 degrees the only available cattle at that Fahrenheit, the British breeds time. They were the first cattle showed a corresponding rise in therefore, stocked on the King temperature. At temperatures of ranch. The Longhorns did com 95 degrees, observation shows, paratively well and were prolific they run a fever of 2 to 4 degrees. and hardy. But they were small So experiments were continued inclined to be wild, and did no' to find a breed more adaptable to mature into a desirable type of this particular section. SANTA GERTRUDIS YEARLING SHOW HERD LINEUP AT KING RANCH beef cattle. About 1910 Tom O'Connor gave New, excellently conformed breed has proved superior range and beef animal. In an effort to produce more the King ranch a half bred Short- beef per acre and a more palat horn-Brahma bull. He was black able and choicer grade of beef and enormous in size. He was Semi-Arid Area Taken in Stride; these so-called Longhorns were turned in with the purebred graded up by crossing with bulls Shorthorns. One bull calf, "Chem- of the British breeds—either mera," was kept. The heifers Herefords or Shorthorns. Smal were turned back with the Short- SANTA GERTRUDIS I LOOKS OVEK HIS KING RANCH GRANGELAND herds of purebred Hereford and horn bulls. It was noticefible This outstanding breed derives its name from a crown of Spain land grant. Angus Breed Proves Merit Shorthorn cattle also were bought that these part-Brahma cattle Angus cattle in southwest heifers. In 1944 it had increased "Wo believe they are more and kept separate to safeguard were superior range animals. Hot Texas have repeatedly proved to 600 head. In 1947 he purchased adaptable to climatic conditions their pure strain. Eventually, the weather did not affect them. their merits in being able to pro- the remaining part of the Elisha in southwest Texas than any ranch was stocked with 25,000 KEMAIN FAT duce and reproduce in this semi- Webb herd, owned by Mr. and other breed. They also gain Shorthorn cows and 25,000 Here arid region. Mrs. Frank T. Higgins. This more weight in less months." ford cows. They either were They remained fat during It is not uncommon to get a brought the herd up to 1000. Strahan, born near Tyler in high grade or pure blood. drouth periods. The cows were calf crop of 90 per cent or more. The Webb cattle, Strahan says, east Texas in 1915, graduated SEPARATK RANGES heavy milkers and good mothers, And early maturity is another were well known among the from high school, then went to These herds were placed on assuring larger and fatter calves feature. Angus calves weighing feeders in the north as fast-gain- Tyler Junior college. He grad- } separate ranges to which they than the Shorthorns. They did 500 pounds or more.at the age ing animals in the feed lots. uated from Baylor in 1939. In !. were best adapted. Comparisons not seem to suffer from flies, of 7 or 8 months are regularly Strahan now is devoting his en- June of the same year he inai-- < were made. Experience showed mosquitoes and other insects. Yet shipped to market. tire time to the improvement of ried Virginia Webb. It was then I while on the better, stronger they were not as uniform and in These are the facts ascertained the Angus breed on his 23,000- he began his successful ranching \ lands the Herefords were more some instances tended to have a by Happy Strahan, after extend- acre Kinney county ranch. Stra- experiment which has paid off j prolific, better rustlers and fat- drooping rump. Yet they seemed ed experiments on his Kinney han says: handsomely. [ tened more readily into a smooth- to be the best range cattle devel- county ranch. er carcass, they were somewhat oped so far. Strahan moved to the Webb lighter in weight than the Short- But the King ranch owners ranch in 1939 and started with horn. They also deteriorated fast- were not satisfied. Under iden- 163 head of Angus cattle. This er, produced small-boned calves tical pasture conditions, compari- was part of the Elisha Webb BENTO AUTO PAINTING and suffered more from cancer- son was made between the off- herd. He increased and improved eye and screw worms. spring of the Brahma-Durham his herd by keeping only top julls and the purebred Herefords. & BODY SHOP The standard of excellence of The cross-bred cattle, while not the Shorthorn cattle was wuch 9. BENTO, OWNER easier to maintain on the open as uniform, were in every in- range. However, the Shorthorn stance larger, heavier and fatter Youth's seemed to suffer more during cattle. R*p*tri On All Kind. «f Wr«cl<«

1950 CHEVROLET TRUCKS Modeling by Senorita Armandina Velo The world's largest builder of Trucks • TEXAS HARVEST HAT CO. hot a corps of 26 experienced salesmen wiling our fomoui hah In .very state of the Union. for every line of business, on display also. • TiXAS HARVEST HAT CO. famous Texas-made hots are shipped to «oun- trie* In South America, Africa and many U.S. possessions. A Cordial Invitation to All • TIXAS HARVEST HAT CO. material, or* purchased from Mexico, Dutch Males and many other countries producing the quality materials that we use. Milam Chevrolet Co. TEXAS HARVEST HAT CO. JOE FREEMAN HAROLD FREEMAN LAREDO, TEXAS FANNIN 2211 MARTIN AT NO. FLORES ST. Klebciy of Texas ->•*». ii»»)i,mt (And Australia, South America and Africa) How They Went International By CHARLES i.V. MURPHY duce great amounts of beef proteins for CONDtNSiD F«OM FORTUNE MACAZINB This is o condensation of one the world's expanding populations »t tol- THE CRIP that the Klebergs have on erable costs ... the land, like the grip that the land has on of the feature articles in the June their minds and souls, Is a special thing, issue of Fortune Magazine, the BY THE EARLY l»50s, Kleberg w»s not to be viewed or felt so intensely else- first of a three-part series entitled: ready to make the move abroad. The where in the conduct of a business. This THE FABULOUS HOUSE Of three areas where he decided to put his remarkable intensity toward the land ex- KLEBERG: A World of Cattle Santa Gertnidis breed and his theories to plains how the members of this celebrat- and Grass. test were Australia, Cuba, and Brazil. ed Texas house have been able to acquire The Fortune article describes But the Australian enterprise, by reason the- development, of 12 ranches in of its size and the speed with which it so much of it since the day, more than a picked up momentum, has always over- century ago, when Lieutenant Colonel Australia, comprising over !i.5 shadowed all the other operations. Bob Robert E. Lee advised Captain Richard million acres, owned or leased by Kleberg's Texas-sized plans were made- King, the founder, to "buy land, and nev- the King Ranch and its Australian to-order for Australia, and Australia er sell." partners. The second article which could use a Kleberg ... Having hewed to that advice, the Kle- will appear in the July issue of Kleberg began his grand strategy with bcrg family, which stands in the direct Fortune mill feature Kinrj Ranch three fairly modest deals. In Queensland, line of succession from Captain King, operations in South America and close by the town of Warwick, about 300 now owns or controls through a family the third in August will tell of the miles west of B r i s b a n e, he bought a HERD BULL TO MOROCCO—-Robert J. Kleberg, commandos and well-known cattle feeder and judge. corporation, King Ranch, Inc., cither out- Santa Gertrudis has been keystone of King Ranch's right as freeholds or in leaseholds, some- actii'itics of the King Ranch in 7,500-acre cattle station, called Riidon. Jr. of the King Ranch is shown with a bull he re- the United States. "That particular property was not really cently purchased from the Armstrong Ranch, Arm- expansion in foreign countries.—Santa Gertrudij times with partners and sometimes not, my first preference," he now admits. more land than is at the disposal of any This is the third major article strong, for use in the King Ranch herd in Morocco. Journal Photo. Fortune has carried on the King "But asking price for the best land there- other family on the face of the earth. It abouts was on the order of $550 to $3)0 At right is Lord Lovat, war-time head of the British adds up to more than 11,500,000 acres, Ranch over the past 35 years. The an acre. This was too expensive for a more than Mayiand combined with Ha- fir.it appeared, in December, 19SS, cattleman. I took what was to be had." hulls came into demand at premium ter. Underground water could be struck fields. The government also reserved tht waii, or Belgium with Kuwait. and the second in May, 1S5J. After settling on Risdon, he returned prices. . . . at depths of from 300 to 600 feet, but felled timber for itself The scries .will be tlie most to Brisbane and started out again, drilling was so costly that the previous THE KLEBERGS STILL keep their GRADUALLY, KLKBERG'S Austra- IN FIVE YEARS THE RAIN forest on comprehensive ever done l»j a searching this time for land to the owners had driven only 46 bores. The Tuliy River was cleared, after heroic ex- big white villa on the headquarters pre- popular magazine_ on the ranch's north. . . . lian-bred heifers and bulls demonstrated King Ranch people brought in drilling serve, along Santa Gertrudis Creek in their endurance and bee f -g a i n ing pro- teams that sank a total of 120 wells, at ertions .. . After the pastures have been south Texas, which Captain King ac- operation, according to FortwiR's burned, new grass grows at a rate of editors. The articles were written ON A SUN-BAKED PLAIN covered pensities in the hot dry valleys behind an average outlay of $12,000 for each quired in 1853. From that distant time with brigalow and gidyca scrub, Kleberg the Australian coastal ranges. completed well; after that, no animal three inches a day. They say at Tully until the early years of Robert Justus by Charles J. V. Murphy, a mem- picked out two large tracts of undulating "I now had the breeding stock," Kle- was ever more than seven miles from River that if you listen you can hear tht Klebcrg Jr., grandson o! Captain King ber of Fortune's board of editors. range as being suitable for starting up a berg recalls. "What I had to have was water. . . . grass creak as it grows. and for five decades the directing force big commercial operation . . . Two land—immense tracts of it—to put my No one knows yet what the true carry- in King Ranch affairs, the Klebergs did properties, called New Twin Hills and El- cattle on." He had long been drawn to For Kleberg, the Brunett Downs oper- Ing capacity of Uie rain-forest pastures ation represented a kind of breakthrough. is. The rate-of-gain shown by the first an- not look much beyond the ranch's fences. Santa Gertrudis breed, the great Kleberg gin Downs, were available on long lease- the flat, treeless, desertlike reaches of holds from the Queensland state govern- the Northern Territory and Queensland, It meant that he had mastered the dry imals was phenomenal. Texts conducted The ranch itself was a kind of mcs- venture abroad would never have taken on the new pastures by the Queensland qulte fiefdom — huge, to be sure, with place. Tropical countries have, until now, ment. The brush, Klebcrg noted, would where the great herds roamed on soil so tropics with his Santa Gertrudis stock 1« fairly easy to dear. bleak that CO acres were needed to sup- Department of Primary Industries record 90,000 head of cattle on 1,200,000 acres, been judged too wet, too dry, or too hot and his range techniques. In the next six an average live weight rate-of-gain for but isolated even from the rest of Texas, to support the finest European beef cattle . . . Klebcrg picked out ol the King port a cow and calf. . . . years he extended the King Ranch's op- Ranch herds 200 fine Santa Gertrudis small "mobs" (i.e., herds) of 430 pounds and unimaginably insular in its ways and . . . Once the ingenuity and persistence of erations across three more huge tracts per beast per year ... . outlook. But Bob Kleberg's cast of mind, Mr. Bob had produced such a remarka- heifers and 73 young, strong bulls, to be KLEBIiRG, A cattleman habituated to on the arid Barkly tablelands .. . : shipped to Australia as the intended nu- the American desert, discerned a saving As an exercise in pastoral domain and the magnificent new breed of cattle ble animal — the Santa Gertrudis was ONLY 75« MILES or so east and a lit- building, the Australian venture Is In a that he was to develop, changed all that. certified as an authentic new breed by cleus of what was to be a great stud herd. growth. It was grass cnlled Mitchell, They were the first new breed of cattle to unique to Australia. It is a tall seed tle north of Brunett Downs, on the north class by itself. Never lias so vast-a Riding the back of the Santa Gertrudis the Department of Agriculture in 1940— grass, characterized by a narrow leaf, Queensland peninsula where the low breeding and slocking operation, of such breed, Mr. Bob, still vigorous, imagina- the way was cleared for the Klebergs to enter Australia in more than a century. varied character, been assembled so tive, and irascible at 73, has taken the make their entrance into the tropics Upgrading a herd of Santa Gertrudis with a green head, something like a coastal mountains descend to the Coral is a painstaking and protracted process. wheat. Even after a year without rain, it Sea, a traveler enters the southernmost fast. Besides being an artistic triumph, Klebcrg interests far from Texas, to the around the world with an animal bred to margins of a rain forest upon which falls the venture has also been a commercial tropical hinterlands of Australia, Brazil, flourish in adversity . . . It takes roughly 12 years io carry the di- still covered the earth, "i picked up a rcct descendants of a crossbreeding stem." Klebcrg recalls, "and crushed it enough water to turn all Australia green. success, although the exact money terms Argentina, Venezuela, and even into The average rainfall is 168 inches a year, remain secret. The Australian companies Cuba, where Castro expropriated his The oil that was discovered In com- through the four successive crosses that into shreds in the palm of my hnnd. mercial volume within the King Ranch's are judged sufficient to produce what the There was no si^n of rot. It liad been and not long ago the gauges measured a publish no financial figures; the owners lands and cattle eight years ago ... frontier; in 1945, together with the enor- classifiers of Santa Gertrudis Breeders' cured in the dry heat, like standing hay. total of 310 inches ... No one ever will admit only that the operations are There are a few other cattle opera- mous reserves of gas that also lie there, International will certify as a purebred There was good nourishment in it." thought oi the land as possible cattle doing well." Australian cattlemen esti- tions in the \vorld of nearly the same or- have recently been putting from $15 mil- Santa Gcitrudis licifer or bull. Under the So Kleberg took over Brunette Downs country until Bob Kleberg heard about it mate the annual net earnings at "sever- der nf magnitude. lion to $18 million a year into the ranch's land-leasing arrangement with the (3 million acres) that year (1958), from a in 1%2. The rainfall statistics made mu- al" million dollars — a bonanza of its What sets the Klebergs apart from all Treasury. That marvelous windfall has Queensland government, tho Elgin family that was worn down by the ordeal sic in his cars . . . The area chosen for kind, considering that in Australia _a the others is that they arc, first and last, been boldly put at risk in these interna- Downs operation was obliged to sell at of holding it. ... development is 51.000-acre strip lying steer fetches only about 12 to 13 cents a both ranchers and breeders, probably tional ventures, in order to make t point least 200 of its crossbred bulls to other above the town of Tully. A price of about pound liveweight. But to Kleberg, the the most versatile in the world . . . WITH STOCK AND LAND is hand, $5 an acre was fixed on the land in the man of the desert, the rain forest mean* affected with no little family pride — breeders each year. So successful was safety — "a sale anchorage." BUT FOR THE CREATION of the that the Santa Gertrudis breed will pro- tiie operation that even the first-cross Kleberg's pressing need then was for wa- rain torest and of $2 an acre for the open A Look Behind the Mafia's Seamy Curtain could cream me at the last min-lcussion with his business FBI Bugging of Mobster" ute. So if you can in some way ner, Larry Wolfson, said he-in- get to these two guys—to tell tends to replace Joe Sferra as them to keep this thing out of business agent of Local 394. Hs Gives Rare Insight Into the papers."" said Joe has held the position. In a side remark, the FBI) for about five years and during commented: "From their dis- that time has annoyed him fre- Lives of Hired Killers cussion it appears that Dunn quently. Larry noted that!' Joe and his opponent had previously was recently re-elected' and. as- EDITOR'S NOTE: The follow- the contribution was a bit more agreed not to bring up certain sumed that Sam would ask for ing report on a rare journey be- than $100). past deeds which could be Joe's resignation. Sam affirmed hind the veil of organized crime —Handling the law, discussed this. He said Joe's replacement was written by Associated Press harmful to'them." by Anthony "Tony Boy" Boiar- On Jan. 5,1965, the transcript will be Johnny Riggi ... They "writers Bernard Gavzcr, Mi- do of Essex Fells, N.X, in a decided that the best way would chael J. Sniffcn and Don Battle, quoted Sam the Plumber as tell- Feb. 23, 1963, conversation with ing another he had spoken to be to appoint Riggi as assistant who compiled the excerpts from Sam the Plumber.'! The tran- business agent on a temporary a 2,000-page transcript. Dunn and that the mayor script quotes Boiardo: "The seemed bothered about a Board basis—then let him .take over in NEWARK, NT~(AP) - A re-only guy I handle is Dick Gino of Education member who had Sferra's absence." " •'•'- puted Mafia chieftain has (Farina) and them guys handle appointed an attorney not popu- To this, the FBI added on opened the door to a glimpse of the rest of the law." "Dick's" lar with the mayor. June 4, 1965: •. '• • * last name is blotted from the CORNELIUS GALLAGHER "DeCavalcante told Loius the daily operations of organ- record. WILLIE MORETTI THOMAS DUNN SAM DE CAVALCANTE "Sam DeCavalcante instruct- ized crime-involving murder, ... shot to death ... mayor *( Elizabeth i . .-fee-was bugged ... the congressman ed Lou Larasso to see Jimmy Larasso that he was removing alleged political and police —Strategy to be used in set- Ali, the board member, and to Sferra as caporegime (Kftfia' deals, labor racketeering and ting up pushover unions to pock- Boiardo, DeCavalcante, to me? He spit at me and said, "Lou: It's a beautiful piece. "Bobby: He's gonna give .. get him back in line behind lieutenant) and was giving-lis et dues from workers and at the 1 I let the kid make the arrange- .extortion. Louis Larasso and Angelo 'You (obscenity). ' "Sam: How Big? Dunn," the FBI reported. 'decina' to John Riggi. He em-; The central figure in 2. QOO same time- get kickbacks from 'DeCarlo: They're fighting "Lou: Well, this was earrings. ments; I didn't step in. I Just in phasized, however, that Sferra- employers, ''by. guaranteeing (Ray). DeCarjo states: "Sam: How much? troduced them. So—he's gonna pages of once-secret FBI tran for their life. give Hie kid a.thousand to get On Feb. 2,1965, the transcript is to be treated with 'respect; scripts from nearly four years sweetheart contracts..-De- "The conversation drifted to a Referring later to the Moretti "Lou: He claimed the guy talks of the government's ef- since he is still 'a friend of- of hidden electronic bugging is Cavalcante:' "Well, you have to discussion' of the recent killing murder in a restaurant, the said it.was worth $7,000. the stuff, you know. forts to deport Emmanuel Riggi ours.' . ' . • ,/:• ;' organize the plant so nobody of "Cadillac Charlie" in • '.'Sam:-Was it hot? "Sam: I don't want to know Samuel "Sam the Plumber" transcript says: nothing about It. of Linden, N.J. "In a discussion wherein-De' DeCavalcante, -a 56-year-old walks in there, then-you wind Youngstown, Ohio. All were ."DeCarto: Sure, that man "Lou: Yeah. . "Joe Zicarelli was. aware of Cavalcanle lamented that- hs heating, and plumbing .contrac- up wth the dues every month. critical of- the method used and should never have been dis- "Sam: How much does he "Bobby: You don't want to Riggi's troubles, having beard has been too-lenient as a boss, tor with a home in Princeton, That's $300 a month ..." Gae- of the fact that his 4-year-old graced like that. want for it? know ... all right. So I told of them previously from De- he said his decision to remove N.J., ahd-«ays-the FBI-r-a long teno (Corky) Vastola, a De- son was also killed. DeCarlo "DeCavalcante: It leaves a "Lou: I didn't ask him. At Pussy and he said, "Well; I don't Cavalcante," the transcript Sferra for Sferra's own good. pedigree as a Mafia stalwart. Cavalcante associate, said'he stated that .as a result the word bad taste. We're out to protect least $2,p. ; care.' 1 said, look, then 1 didn't stated. -"In fact, he was able to He reasoned that if Sferra were The listening devices were would tell an employer "first had been passed that no 'hand people." "Sam:'Why don't you-bring it tell you nothing? You want to report that, at DeCavalcante's allowed to continue his neglect- tuned in on places frequented by what it's gonna cost—then how grenades' will be used in the fu- here? - leave it that way? request, he had spoken on Rig- fui ways, he would finally arrive much I'm gonna save him by ture. DeCarlo further suggested On Sept. 10,1964, the FBI sent "Lou: I'll get hold of him to- "Sam: Forget about it De Cavalcante. The transcripts night while I'm there. If he "Bobby: - Okay. I didn't tell gi's behalf to 'my friend the at a point where he would have : came to light last week during a walking away. after getting a that the best way to dispose of this digest of a bugged conver- Congressman • (Rep. • Cornelius to be eliminated. payoff o! bait the annual cost. someone is to give the individu- sation to FBI Director J. Edgar hasn't sold it It's beautiful Pussy. I spoke to you or nothing "DeCavalcante repeated • his '."court Case involving him. . al a fatal shot nf dope and put stuff. Real Tiffany stuff. .. .so it's forgotten." Gallagher).' <--• A Justice Department spokes- A legal move' by De- Hoover: "Sam: Well, get it off him. "Zicarelli indicated that he main charge against Sferra4 man called the transcripts the Cavaleante himself pried open him behind the wheel of his au- "NK2461-C (code for the elec- PUBLIC OFFICIALS would follow the matter and that he continually failed to • greatest revelation on organfrM the secret FBI eavesdropping tomobile where he will be found. tronic bug at DeCavalcante's of- The most often mentioned said he was sure Gallagher keep seven 'Amico Nos' (mob transcripts. "DeCarlo: That's what they There was an occasion in public official, was Dunn, who -' crime since the testimony of Jo- fice) advised that subject (De- June, 1965, when Sam was con- could help if all else failed," the members) in the union working. seph Vaiachi. Faced with an extortion''con- should' have done with Willie Cavalcante) and two unknown was fighting for the mayoral FBI commented. He claimed to have told Sferra, • De Cavalcante and his associ- spiracy indictment in cbnnec; (Moretti). . males on Sept. 3,1964, discussed sulted about a proposition to post in October, 1964 when-he Zicarelli suggested to Riggi, •I like you, Joe, but I like our ates, said the FBI transcript, tion with a Philadelphia dice "Boiardo: Oh yeah. the various types of machines burn down a restaurant whose was ushered into De- 'There are three or four federal people better than you. You'^fe "DeCarlo: You got five guys owner wanted to collect $90,000 Cavalcante's office. The Mafia judges from Hudson County. just one of 30 people. And I'lft talked of many things, includ- eanie in 3966, DeCavalcante, suitable for disposing of a body. insurance. The owner, said the kingpin introduced the politician ing: . •'•• • Through his lawyers, asked'for there, you talk to the guy. Tell One machine was mentioned as transcript, owed $.1,300 to the N.J., that either he, Zicarelli, or not going to do an injustice to 30 —Eight murders, critically full disclosure 'of FBI eaves- him this is the lie detector stuff being capable of turning a body as the next mayor of Elizabeth Ray Angelo 'Gyp' DeCarlo could people on account of you.' " DeCavalcante family. The FBI and was quoted as offering him go "to as a last resort." analyzed as to technique and dropping material on him., A re- (truth serum). You tell'him, into 'meatball.' memo in this episode states that "unlimited assistance" to his the need for a machine to dis- cent U.S. Supreme Court deci- 'You sa.y yo- u didn't say. this ...' 'One unknown male said the a man "named Bob related that campaign and asking: "Do you "Zicarelli felt that the best The transcripts carry ..._. pose of victims, such as one to sion gave defendants the right "BoiardoBoiardo: How many «»"»guy«s best machine was that which Joe wants to burn his restaurant course of action at this time mous detail about the life and of access to such material. are you going to con?" think we could get any city would be for him to contact times of Mafia men, with ample turn them Into "meatballs." It smashed up automobiles. Sub- down to collect the insurance." work?" was concluded that executing a The lawyers hoped to find that "DeCarlo: Well, if you don't ject however said he was look- Joe was referred to as Joe Mag- Neil, the Congressman' (Galla- evidence that they have the or- mobster who had fallen from fa- the indictment was based on con him then tell him. Now like ing for the type of machine lie and further identified as Jo- Well maybe," Dunn was gher). He said he would alert dinary problems, hopes, ambi vor in a public place, such as illegal bugging and was thus in- you got four or five guys in the which pulverizes garbage. The seph Migliazza. quoted as saying. ; Neil to the problem and if the tions and peccadilloes of the av< the way New Jersey mobster valid. However, the electronic room. You know they're going unknown male stated the only "Bobby: Mr. Maglie wants to Dunn complained to 'Sammy' case ever gets to Washington he erage man. Willie Moreta w«s shot to death surveillance covered a period to kill you. They say, 'Tony Boy type 'we' know of that will burn down his joint and I got of campaign charges that he wouM be in a position to get a There are memos referring to in a ClilfsMe Park, N.,1., res- from 1962 to 1965, ending before wants tt> shoot you in the head pulverize garbage is the ma- the guy. was connected with gambling favorable ruling." an earnest, discussion of chang- taurant, "disgraced" toe victim the Philadelphia incident. and leave you in the street or chine Louise (Larasso) told the "Sam: Who's the guy? interests. Gallagher said no one ever ing names on American. Ex- and hurt the Mafia image. "It Besides recording raw dia- would you rather take this, we unknown males about the other "Bobby: Ituss ... as far as Dunn: ' If you have any waycontacted him about Riggi and press cards so they could pre- leaves a bad taste," De Caval- logue, the FBI also provided in- put you behind your wheel, we day, and added, 'They're work- Pussy's (Anthony Russo) con- o( getting th Magnolia and La- there was no reference to Riggi sumably go shopping witn^t cante is quoted as saying. terpretations of hundreds of don't have to embarrass your ing on it now.'" cerned he says 'okay.' It's Corte tell them to keep their in his files. The congressman ever paying a bill; there wert "We're out to protect people." conversations,. prepared in family or nothing.' That's what MAKING MONEY' up to you now. lousy mouths shut. Because you previously acknowledged talk- some complaints -about two " —Alleged deals and eonnec: memo form for J. Edgar Hoo- they should have done to Willie. Information that some stolen ''Sam: What's he want to pay know better than I do that I ing to Zicarelli over the tele- deriings who tlons with politicians and police, ver, FBI director. These mcmos "Boiardo: How about the time jewelry might be picked up at a for it? have no ...'' phone about getting Zicarelii's days a week including an episode in which indicated De Cavalcante has his we hit the Little Jew. bargain produced a conversa- "Bobby: He's gonna pay The mayor apparently re- son into medical school. company;" there was'an i Thomas Dunn, now mayor,; Ot own,M«fia "family'l-as the "DeCarlo: As little as they tion between DeCavalcante and $5.000. That's all-I'lt give him ferred to present State Sen. Ni- LABOR UNIONS to find out whetlier the bosi 1 Elizabeth, N.J., received a catf-**- hoodlum subdivisions are arc they struggle. (i man the FBI described as * a break. He's got $.90,000 insur- cholas S. LaCorte, his Republi- The FBI reports that De- enough clout to neto get «»n«- campaign contribution from P_* known. "Boiardo: The Boot (Ruggia- DeCavalcante aide, Louis Lar- ance on it. can mayoral opponent five Cavalcante controlled at-least one's son into an Eastern col- Cavalcante. DeCavalcante tte Here are some key sections ro Boiardo, the speaker's fath- asso. 'Sam: I don't even know noth- years ago, and to LaCorte's 11*4 one labor union position, in Hod lege; there WM contract dMm- quoted, "... I wish you alo ' t 'of from the 2,000 page, 13-volume er) hit him with a hammer. The "Lou: What did George do ing. aide, Michael J. Magnolia, now Carriers Union Local 3t4. The skm regarding a luck. 'Can you use this in you.....r transcription*: guy goes down and he comes with that piece of Jewelry that "Bobby: Okay. Bone—okay. Union County superintendent of FBI summary of bugging at singe' —r "describe ' ------d to Sara tht •' campaign?" And Dunn replies: MURDERS up. So I got a crowbar this big, guy gave to him? Did IM "Sam: How's lie gonna pay publifuiMi/sc workswrftf-lfW . DeCavalcante'T\^t«T*lnBMt«*>s officjrfflt*e* oHMn JunTitMe* >,f ! rtlnritl.fc'lumbenr a*s. • aA \uuboy. whwL.^* ' • *' "You bet I can use it." (Dunn The FBI report on a Feb. 23, Ray. Right shot* in the head. them? you ... when h« collects the DeCavalcante: 'Oh, sure." 1M5 report*: 'sing better than Robert ft* denied any impropriety and Mid IKI conversation between An- What do you think he finally did "Sam: What Und o( Jewelry? money or what? Dw»: B«ctus* thi* thing "Sam DeCavalcante, IB a to- let."