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Yakimanka street, 119180, Moscow, Russia Clubmeetings Science Bilateral relations Bilateral Competitions Tel.: +7 (495) 225 6283 US Roundtables Workingpapers Fax: +7 (495) 225 6284 Analysisand forecasting Roadmaps E–mail: [email protected] Reports B 33 / 2017 Partnership Scenarios www.russiancouncil.ru Referencebooks Migration Library Global science Global Competitions papers Working Internships Expertcommentaries Partnership Library Internationalorganizations Referencebooks Education Discussions Summerschools Report-33_Cover.indd 2 Guestlectures 29.08.2017 0:11:18 Internationalrelations Civil Society Roadmaps Competitions Discussions science Global Expert commentaries Expert Anthologies Bilateral relations Workingpapers Globalpolitics Summer schools Club meetings Club Science International organizations International Anthologies Referencebooks Conferences RUSSIAN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS COUNCIL INSTITUTE OF FAR EASTERN STUDIES OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES AT FUDAN UNIVERSITY MOSCOW 2017 Russian International Affairs Council Institute of Far Eastern Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of International Studies at Fudan University Editor-in-Chief: I.S. Ivanov, RAS Corresponding Member, Dr. of History Authors: From Russia: S.G. Luzyanin, Dr. of History (Head); A.V. Kortunov, Ph.D. in History; A.N. Karneev, Ph.D. in History; V.E. Petrovsky, Dr. of Political Science; V.B. Kashin, Ph.D. in Political Science; I.E. Denisov; R.A. Epikhina; Y.V. Kulintsev; L.V. Filippova From China: Zhao Huasheng, Professor (Head); Wu Xinbo, Professor, Ph.D. in International Relations; Liu Huaqin, Ph.D. in Economics; Shi Ze, Professor; Shi Zhiqin, Professor, Ph.D. in International Relations; Xing Guangcheng, Dr. of Law; Feng Yujun, Dr. of Law; Cai Cuihong, Professor, Ph.D. in International Relations; Ma Bin, Ph.D. in International Relations Copy Editors: I.N. Timofeev, Ph.D. in Political Science; T.A. Makhmutov, Ph.D. in Political Science; L.V. Filippova; K.A. Kuzmina; D.O. Kholopova Russian–Chinese Dialogue: The 2017 Model: Report No. 33/2017 / [S.G. Luzyanin (head) et al.; Zhao Huasheng (head) et al.]; [I.S. Ivanov (Editor-in-Chief)]; Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC). – Moscow: NPMP RIAC, 2017. – 153 p. – The names of authors are listed on reverse of title page. ISBN 978-5-9909440-7-7 This report presents the results of analysing the state of Russia–China relations in 2016 and the first quarter of 2017. Leading Russian and Chinese experts study Russia’s and China’s interests and prospects for cooperation on the international arena, identify key areas and ways of expanding trade, economy and investment ties between the two states, assess the dynamics of military-technical collaboration and priorities of cooperation in culture, science, education and mass media between the two states, and set forth recommendations for promoting Russia–China interaction. Particular attention is given to multilateral collaboration in Eurasia. Russian International Affairs Council thanks Jessica Chin for her help in preparing this publication. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of RIAC. Any linguistic inadequacies in the publication are the sole responsibility of the translation editors. Cover photo credits: RIA Novosti. The full text is published on RIAC’s website. You can download the report or leave a comment via this direct link russiancouncil.ru/en/report33 © Authors, 2017 © Drafting, translation and design. NPMP RIAC, 2017 Table of Contents Introduction 4 Russia and China: Developing a Comprehensive Partnership 6 Mutual Support in the Key Issues of Sovereignty, Security and Development 6 Russia–China Interaction on Regional Issues 8 Cooperation in Cyber Security 18 Searching for a New Model of Military-Technical Cooperation 23 Dynamics of the Development of Military-Technical Cooperation 23 The Political Dimension of Russia–China Military-Technical Cooperation 26 Obstacles to the Development of Stable Cooperation 27 Russia–China Trade and Economic Cooperation 29 The Specifics of Economic Cooperation 29 Vladimir Putin’s 2016 Visit to China 30 The Dynamics of Bilateral Trade 33 Cooperation in Investments and Finance 40 Cross-border and Interregional Dimension of Cooperation 47 Eurasia as a Region for Cooperation between Russia and China 55 The Alignment of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Belt and Road Initiative 55 The Greater Eurasian Partnership 58 Development of the Agenda of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization 61 Dialogue in Education, Culture, Media and Other Related Areas between Russia and China 68 The Development of Cooperation in Education and Culture 68 Bilateral Cooperation in Mass Communications and Building Mutual Trust 72 Russia–China Expert Dialogue 75 Tourism as a Tool for Strengthening Ties 76 Conclusions and Recommendations 85 Monitoring of Key Events in Russia–China Relations in the Second to Fourth Quarters of 2016 and the First Quarter of 2017 94 RUSSIAN–CHINESE DIALOGUE: THE 2017 MODEL Introduction Analysts and experts view 2016 and the first half of 2017 as a period of continued progress for comprehensive relations and the strategic partnership between Rus- sia and China. Against the background of continued anti-Russian sanctions, the arrival of a new administration in Washington, and the deteriorating situation in the Middle East, especially in Syria, Russia and China continue to build comprehensive coopera- tion. Close partnership ties between both nations have been significantly bol- stered by the “personal factor,” as the leaders of Russia and China have proven to be quite at ease with each other, generating a common agenda for a range of global and regional issues. During this period of analysis, the leaders met several times. Particularly note- worthy was the President of the Russian Federation’s visit to Beijing in June 2016, and meetings between Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping at a G20 summit in Hang- zhou in September 2016, and on the margins of the BRICS summit in Goa in October 2016. Several events that are important to Russian and Chinese political life are taking place in 2017. The Communist Party of China will hold its 19th National Congress in the autumn, while Russia is gearing up for a presidential election. On May 14–15, 2017, Beijing hosted the “Belt and Road” forum for international coopera- tion, which will take place in the Chinese capital once again in 2019. The forum is emerging as a new standing institution for global economic governance, with an agenda that includes some of the matters traditionally discussed at the Asia- Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and G20 summits: trade liberalization and economic development, Eurasian integration processes, and so forth. The President of the Russian Federation participated in the forum as a guest of honour and gave a speech directly after the President of the People’s Republic of China, about the role of the Greater Eurasian Partnership. This confirmed the existence of a strategic consensus between Beijing and Moscow on the outlook for Eurasia. President of the People’s Republic of China, Xi Jinping, paid an offi- cial visit to Moscow in July 2017, yielding new important bilateral agreements. In September 2017, China will host a BRICS summit, where the leaders of both nations will once again have an opportunity to hold talks and verify whether they continue to be on the same page regarding important issues. The matter of connecting the Belt and Road Initiative, a key overland link of Chi- na’s mega project, to the Eurasian Economic Union, is directly tied to another, more global process: the radical reshaping of international relations in Eurasia and a renewal of the Russia–China