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Navarin Ve Sinop Olaylari Arasinda Osmanli Kaptan-I Deryalarinin Faaliyetleri Ve Osmanli Denizciliği

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Navarin Ve Sinop Olaylari Arasinda Osmanli Kaptan-I Deryalarinin Faaliyetleri Ve Osmanli Denizciliği NAVARİN VE SİNOP OLAYLARI ARASINDA OSMANLI KAPTAN-I DERYALARININ FAALİYETLERİ VE OSMANLI DENİZCİLİĞİ (1827-1853) 2021 YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ TARİH Ezgi BOZBAY EKMEKCİ Danışman Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Tahir BİLİRLİ NAVARİN VE SİNOP OLAYLARI ARASINDA OSMANLI KAPTAN-I DERYALARININ FAALİYETLERİ VE OSMANLI DENİZCİLİĞİ (1827-1853) Ezgi BOZBAY EKMEKCİ Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Tahir BİLİRLİ T.C. Karabük Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalında Yüksek Lisans Tezi Olarak Hazırlanmıştır. KARABÜK Haziran 2021 İÇİNDEKİLER İÇİNDEKİLER ............................................................................................................................................. 1 TEZ ONAY SAYFASI ................................................................................................................................... 3 DOĞRULUK BEYANI ................................................................................................................................. 4 ÖNSÖZ ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 ÖZ ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................ 7 ARŞİV KAYIT BİLGİLERİ ............................................................................................................................. 8 ARCHIVE RECORD INFORMATION ........................................................................................................... 9 KISALTMALAR ........................................................................................................................................ 10 ARAŞTIRMANIN KONUSU ...................................................................................................................... 12 ARAŞTIRMANIN AMACI VE ÖNEMİ ........................................................................................................ 12 ARAŞTIRMANIN YÖNTEMİ ..................................................................................................................... 12 GİRİŞ ...................................................................................................................................................... 13 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM ..................................................................................................................................... 25 1- XIX. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Denizciliği ....................................................................................................... 25 2- Navarin Olayı (30 Ekim 1827) ........................................................................................................ 28 3- Navarin Olayı’ndan Sonra Osmanlı Donanmasının Yeniden Oluşturulması .................................. 32 4- Navarin ve Sinop Olayları Arasında Osmanlı Kaptan-ı Deryalarının Faaliyetleri ........................... 46 4.1. Kaptan-ı Deryalık Kurumu ..................................................................................................... 46 4.2. Kaptan-ı Deryaların Yetkileri .................................................................................................. 48 4.3. Kaptan-ı Deryalar ve Görev Süreleri ...................................................................................... 49 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM ........................................................................................................................................ 50 1- Topal İzzet Mehmed Paşa .............................................................................................................. 50 2- Pabuççu Ahmed Paşa .................................................................................................................... 53 3- Damat Halil Rıfat Paşa ................................................................................................................... 54 4- Çengeloğlu Tahir Mehmed Paşa .................................................................................................... 55 5- Ahmed Fevzi Paşa .......................................................................................................................... 61 6- Damat Mehmed Sait Paşa ............................................................................................................. 63 7- Damat Mehmed Ali Paşa ............................................................................................................... 64 8- Kilari Süleyman Refet Paşa ............................................................................................................ 68 1 9- Topçubaşızade Mahmud Paşa ....................................................................................................... 69 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM ................................................................................................................................... 70 1- Sinop Olayı (30 Kasım 1853) .......................................................................................................... 70 SONUÇ ................................................................................................................................................... 83 KAYNAKÇA ............................................................................................................................................. 88 Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi .......................... 88 Kitaplar .............................................................................................................................................. 89 Makaleler ........................................................................................................................................... 97 Yüksek Lisans ve Doktora Tezleri ..................................................................................................... 100 ÖZGEÇMİŞ............................................................................................................................................ 102 2 TEZ ONAY SAYFASI Ezgi BOZBAY EKMEKCİ tarafından hazırlanan “NAVARİN VE SİNOP OLAYLARI ARASINDA OSMANLI KAPTAN-I DERYALARININ FAALİYETLERİ VE OSMANLI DENİZCİLİĞİ (1827-1853)” başlıklı bu tezin Yüksek Lisans Tezi olarak uygun olduğunu onaylarım. Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Tahir BİLİRLİ …………………… Tez Danışmanı, Tarih Anabilim Dalı Bu çalışma, jürimiz tarafından Oy Birliği ile Tarih Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans tezi olarak kabul edilmiştir.18/06/2021 Ünvanı, Adı SOYADI, (Kurumu) İmzası Başkan: Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Tahir BİLİRLİ .......................... Üye: Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Sami AĞAOĞLU .......................... Üye: Doç. Dr. Levent DÜZCÜ .......................... KBÜ Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü Yönetim Kurulu, bu tez ile Yüksek Lisans Tezi derecesini onamıştır. Prof. Dr. Hasan SOLMAZ Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü Müdürü 3 DOĞRULUK BEYANI Yüksek lisans tezi olarak sunduğum bu çalışmayı bilimsel ahlak ve geleneklere aykırı herhangi bir yola tevessül etmeden yazdığımı, araştırmamı yaparken hangi tür alıntıların intihal kusuru sayılacağını bildiğimi, intihal kusuru sayılabilecek herhangi bir bölüme araştırmamda yer vermediğimi, yararlandığım eserlerin kaynakçada gösterilenlerden oluştuğunu ve bu eserlere metin içerisinde uygun şekilde atıf yapıldığını beyan ederim. Enstitü tarafından belli bir zamana bağlı olmaksızın, tezimle ilgili yaptığım bu beyana aykırı bir durumun saptanması durumunda, ortaya çıkacak ahlaki ve hukuki tüm sonuçlara katlanmayı kabul ederim. Adı SOYADI: Ezgi BOZBAY EKMEKCİ İmza : 4 ÖNSÖZ Navarin ve Sinop olayları arasında Osmanlı kaptan-ı deryalarının faaliyetleri ve Osmanlı Denizciliği (1827-1853) isimli tezin hazırlanmasındaki amaç, XIX. Yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti’nin denizlerde yaşadığı iki talihsiz olay arasında devletin donanmayı tekrar tesis etmek için gösterdiği çabayı ortaya koyabilmektir. Bu doğrultuda donanmanın tekrar ayağa kaldırılmasını sağlayan kaptan-ı deryalar merkeze konarak Osmanlı Denizciliği ele alınmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti kurulduğu ilk günlerden itibaren kıyı bölgelerini ele geçirmesinden dolayı bu bölgelerdeki hak ve menfaatlerin korunması amacıyla ciddi bir donanmaya ihtiyaç duymuştur. Türklerin Malazgirt Meydan Muharebesini kazanması ve topraklarını Anadolu’da büyük ölçüde genişletmesi denizlere iktidar olmanın önemini ortaya çıkarmış ve Çaka Bey ile başlayıp kendinden sonraki devletler ve beyliklerde devam eden denizcilik faaliyetlerini arttırmıştır. Kuruluş sürecinde hemen hemen her padişah döneminde bu faaliyetler artarak devam etmiş, yükselme döneminde özellikle Akdeniz’de çok ciddi bir güç elde edilmiştir. On yedinci ve on sekizinci yüzyıllarda denizcilik faaliyetlerinde kısmen durulmalar olsa da kanunnameler ile donanma tayfası ve donanma düzenlenmeye çalışılmıştır. 1770 yılında Çeşme’de donanmanın yakılışı Osmanlı’nın o güne kadar ki en büyük kayıplarından birini olmuştur. On sekizinci yüzyılın son çeyreği donanmada yaşanan bu felaketi telafi etmek ile sürmüş ve on dokuzuncu yüzyıl Osmanlı Devleti’nin hem iç siyasetinde hem de denizcilik faaliyetlerinde bambaşka gelişmeler ortaya çıkarmıştır. 1804 Sırp İsyanı ile başlayan iç karışıklıklar 1807 yılında İngiltere’nin Çanakkale Boğazı’na girecek kadar ileri gitmesine ve Rusya’nın desteğiyle Yunan İsyanının ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Tüm bunlar olurken Kavalalı Mehmed Ali Paşa’nın Mısırda çıkardığı isyan devleti
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