September 2008, Volume 26 No. 3
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Experimental Evidence That Evolutionarily Diverse Assemblages Result in Higher Productivity
Experimental evidence that evolutionarily diverse assemblages result in higher productivity Marc W. Cadotte1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4; and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3B2 Edited by Harold A. Mooney, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, and approved April 22, 2013 (received for review January 28, 2013) There now is ample experimental evidence that speciose assemblages in polyculture against the expected performance from its mono- are more productive and provide a greater amount of ecosystem cultures (22, 23). Polycultures also might appear more productive services than depauperate ones. However, these experiments often compared with monocultures via a selection effect—if highly conclude that there is a higher probability of including complemen- productive species dominate the polyculture, displacing low- tary species combinations in assemblages with more species and lack productivity species (22). Thus, if distantly related species show a priori prediction about which species combinations maximize reduced resource overlap, then we should observe greater com- function. Here, I report the results of an experiment manipulating plementarity when they are combined. the evolutionary relatedness of constituent plant species across Here, I report the results of a biodiversity–ecosystem func- a richness gradient. I show that assemblages with distantly re- tion experiment that explicitly manipulated the phylogenetic -
Newsletter 123 May 2012
TheTheThe Irish Garden Plant Society Newsletter Number 11123123 May 2012 The Annual General Meeting 2012 The Annual General Meeting will be held on Sat 12th May 10.00 a.m for 10.30 a.m., at Hillsborough Courthouse, The Square, Hillsborough, BT26 6AG. As always, it will be followed by a series of garden visits on Saturday & Sunday and a meal on Saturday evening. The meal will be held at 8:00pm in La Mon Hotel & Country Club, 41 Gransha Road, Comber, BT23 5RF. See the January 2012 newsletter for details of the gardens to be visited. If you haven’t already booked contact Patrick Quigley, 24 Areema Drive, Dunmurry, Belfast, BT17 0QG. tel: +44 (0) 7801 299263 [email protected] for further information. A.G. M. Agenda 1. Apologies 2. Minutes of AGM 2011 3. Matters arising 4. Chairman’s report 5. Treasurer’s report 6. Election of Committee Members 7. Any other business Front cover : Solanum crispum ‘Glasnevin’. Photograph : Pearse Rowe In this issue 2 Editorial 3 Southern Climbers for Northern Walls by John Joe Costin 11 Worth a Read by Paddy Tobin 14 The Palm House, a review by Mary Bradshaw 16 Cheers to Chiltern Seeds and to the Sole Survivor of Seed Project 1997/98 by Michael Kelleher 17 Seed Distribution Report 2011 and 2012 by Stephen Butler 19 Regional Reports 28 Spring at Kilmacurragh by Seamus O’Brien 37 Propagation of Arbutus by Kevin Line 41 Tulipa ‘Molly Bloom’ - an new Tulip for 2012 1 Editorial Spring time and new plants are synonymous, and as Christopher Lloyd said in Garden Flowers from Seed, seed sowing is “one of life’s big thrills”. -
WHY SUCCULENT FLOWERS SEJ by A
Cape sugarbird WHY SUCCULENT FLOWERS SEJ by A. V. Milewski energy, water and nutrients which are The Field Guide to Trees of not retrieved by the plant, because the Southern Africa by Van Wyk & Van very purpose of fruit-pulp is to be Wyk (Struik 1997) shows the flowers removed from the plant once it is and fruits of trees and tall shrubs in ripe. The more resources the plant the south-western Cape. Of eighty spends on flowers, the less generous it species (excluding conifers) with is likely to be with fruit-pulp. Plants fleshy fruits eaten by birds, 91 % have may be generally faced with a choice small, dull flowers which easily of dispersing pollen or seeds, but not escape the notice of the human both, by avian flight. observer. Members of up to thirty-nine The division between bird-polli genera in twenty-five families conform nated and bird-sown plants is clear in in having fly-pollinated flowers and the south-western Cape, which has a bird-sown seeds in the south-western climate with winter rainfall and Cape. Eight percent (e.g. Glllysanthe summer drought similar to the maides, Grewia, Solanum) resemble lowers and fTllits vary greatly in Mediterranean Basin. Proteas charac many species of cultivated fruits size and how much food they teristic of this area produce large (e.g. apples, plums, raspberries) in Foffer polli nators. The smallest blooms pollinated by sunbirds and having colourful petals attracting flowers are dull greenish, and attract sugarbirds. Olives (Oleaceae) produce medium-size insects such as bees and pollinators no larger than small flies. -
The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts
The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory, -
Flowering Plants Eudicots Apiales, Gentianales (Except Rubiaceae)
Edited by K. Kubitzki Volume XV Flowering Plants Eudicots Apiales, Gentianales (except Rubiaceae) Joachim W. Kadereit · Volker Bittrich (Eds.) THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF VASCULAR PLANTS Edited by K. Kubitzki For further volumes see list at the end of the book and: http://www.springer.com/series/1306 The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Edited by K. Kubitzki Flowering Plants Á Eudicots XV Apiales, Gentianales (except Rubiaceae) Volume Editors: Joachim W. Kadereit • Volker Bittrich With 85 Figures Editors Joachim W. Kadereit Volker Bittrich Johannes Gutenberg Campinas Universita¨t Mainz Brazil Mainz Germany Series Editor Prof. Dr. Klaus Kubitzki Universita¨t Hamburg Biozentrum Klein-Flottbek und Botanischer Garten 22609 Hamburg Germany The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants ISBN 978-3-319-93604-8 ISBN 978-3-319-93605-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93605-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018961008 # Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. -
Sheet1 Jeffersonia Diphylla £4.80 Tufted Clump-Former with Unusual Two-Lobed Leaves That Open After Flowering
Sheet1 Jeffersonia diphylla £4.80 Tufted clump-former with unusual two-lobed leaves that open after flowering. Large, WHITE, cup-shaped flowers in spring. Dies down quickly after flowering. Hates root disturbance. Choice plant for cool, leafy, woodland soil in shade. 30x30cm. Jovellana punctata £4.60 Half hardy sub-shrub with clusters of small, Calceolaria like white pouches with purple spots in the throat during May to July. Nettle like leaves. Will only stand short periods of frost. Light well drained soil in sun. (5-7) 40cm. Jovellana violacea (AGM) £8.20 Small sub-shrub, native to Chile with unusual small lobed leaves with a fine brown rim & flush. Clusters of Calceolaria like, small lilac purple flowers like small pouches;- spring through summer. Needs a warm spot or cold greenhouse in winter. (5-8) 45x45cm. Kalimeris incisa 'Alba' £4.20 Closely related to Aster, this free flowering daisy forms a mound of small white daisies with a yellow eye all summer. Woody stems are clothed in dark green, toothed leaves. Easily grown in any reasonable soil in sun or part shade. (6-10) 60cm Kalimeris mongolica £4.50 Curious, erect, narrow clumps of slightly grey, pinnate leaves are topped by LILAC-PURPLE yellow-eyed daisies; summer. Looks much like an Aster but is a rare Mongolian native. Easily grown in ordinary soil in sun or part shade. 90x45cm. Kalimeris mongolica 'Antonia' £4.50 A much more compact form of mongolica, effectively behaving like a summer Aster. Willowy stems with narrow leaves, topped by clouds of small, rich-blue, yellow eyed daisies, from July to September. -
Pycnanthemum Albescens Torr. & A.Gray
Conservation Assessment for the Whiteleaf Mountainmint (Pycnanthemum albescens Torr. & A.Gray) Steven R. Hill, Ph.D. Division of Biodiversity and Ecological Entomology Biotic Surveys and Monitoring Section 1816 South Oak Street Champaign, Illinois 61820 Prepared for the U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Eastern Region (Region 9), Shawnee and Hoosier National Forests INHS Technical Report 2007 (52) Date of Issue: 25 October 2007 Cover photo: Pycnanthemum albescens Torr. & A.Gray, from the PLANTS Database, U.S.D.A., photographer: Larry Allain @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database http://plants.usda.gov/java/largeImage?imageID=pyal_001_avp.tif This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile the published and unpublished information on the subject taxon or community; or this document was prepared by another organization and provides information to serve as a Conservation Assessment for the Eastern Region of the Forest Service. It does not represent a management decision by the U.S. Forest Service. Though the best scientific information available was used and subject experts were consulted in preparation of this document, it is expected that new information will arise. In the spirit of continuous learning and adaptive management, if you have information that will assist in conserving the subject taxon, please contact the Eastern Region of the Forest Service - Threatened and Endangered Species Program at 310 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 580 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203. 2 Conservation Assessment for the Whiteleaf Mountainmint (Pycnanthemum albescens Torr. & A.Gray) -
Show Schedules 2012 Ver Finale
119. 1 pan rock plant native to the Southern Hemisphere 120. 1 pan dwarf shurb THE SCOTTISH ROCK GARDEN CLUB 121. 1 pan rock plant raised from seed by the exhibitor. Date of sowing to be stated. Botanical notes permitted, AGS note 23(e) SECTION III Open to Amateur Members of AGS and SRGC who have not won an AGS Bronze Merit Medal or more than ten First Prizes at Shows run by either Society prior to 1st January 2011. Pan size not to exceed 19 cm outside diameter 130. 3 pans rock plants, distinct 131. 1 pan rock plant in flower 132. 1 pan Gentiana 133. 1 pan Cyclamen 134. 1 pan bulbous plant 135. 1 pan rock plant native to the Southern Hemisphere 136. 1 pan rock plant native to the Northern Hemisphere 137. 1 pan rock plant for foliage effect 138. 1 pan dwarf shrub or conifer 139. 1 pan rock plant. For exhibitors who have never won a first prize at an AGS or SRGC National show SHOW SCHEDULES 2012 DUNBLANE EARLY BULB DISPLAY 18th February* BLACKPOOL SHOW 17th March* STIRLING SHOW 24th March† New Location - Show this Year is in KINCARDINE NORTHUMBERLAND 40th ANNIVERSARY SHOW, HEXHAM 31st March EDINBURGH & THE LOTHIANS SHOW 14th April* PERTH SHOW 21st April HIGHLAND SHOW, NAIRN 28th April GLASGOW SHOW 5th May* ABERDEEN SHOW 19th May* GARDENING SCOTLAND (Joint Rock Only) 2nd June* LATE BULB DISPLAY, RBGE 8th September DISCUSSION WEEKEND, DUMFRIES 29th - 30th September NEWCASTLE SHOW 13th October* AGM 10th November† *Joint Rock Garden Plant Committee meetings 48 †Photographic/Art Competition SHOWS 2012 SHOW RULES 1. -
Native Plants Which Support Insects
Native Meadow Plants for Butterflies, Moths and Other Insects Dry Meadow Perennials Agastache foeniculum (Anise hyssop) Allium cernuum (Nodding onion) Antennaria spp. (Pussy-toes) Aquilegia canadensis (Columbine) Aruncus dioicus (Goats beard) Asclepias spp. (Milkweed) Ionactis linariifolia (Flax-leaf white top aster) Baptisia tinctoria (Yellow wild indigo) Callirhoe spp. (Poppy mallow) Campanula rotundifolia (Thread-leaf bellflower) Chrysopsis villosa (Golden hairy aster) Coreopsis verticillata (Tickseed) Dicentra spp. (Bleeding heart) Echinacea spp. (Coneflower) Eryngium yuccifolium (False Yucca) Geranium maculatum (Wild geranium) Helianthus mollis (Sunflower) Heliopsis helianthoides (Oxeye) Lupinus perennis (Sundial lupine) Monarda punctata (Horsemint) Opuntia humifusa (Eastern prickly pear) Penstemon digitalis (Foxglove beardtongue) Pycnanthemum tenuifolium (Narrow leaf mountain mint) Ratibida spp. (Mexican hat) Rudbeckia spp. (Black-eyed Susan) Solidago spp. (Goldenrod) Vernonia letermannii (Ironweed) Viola pedata (Birds foot violet) Courtesy of Dan Jaffe Propagator and Stock Bed Grower New England Wild Flower Society [email protected] Native Meadow Plants for Butterflies, Moths and Other Insects Moist Meadow Perennials Amsonia spp. (Blue star) Asclepias incarnata (Swamp milkweed) Boltonia asteroides (False aster) Chelone glabra (White turtlehead) Conradina verticillata (False rosemary) Eutrochium spp. (Joe-Pye weed) Filipendula rubra (Queen of the prairie) Gentiana clausa (Bottle gentian) Liatris novae-angliae (New England -
Palynological Evolutionary Trends Within the Tribe Mentheae with Special Emphasis on Subtribe Menthinae (Nepetoideae: Lamiaceae)
Plant Syst Evol (2008) 275:93–108 DOI 10.1007/s00606-008-0042-y ORIGINAL ARTICLE Palynological evolutionary trends within the tribe Mentheae with special emphasis on subtribe Menthinae (Nepetoideae: Lamiaceae) Hye-Kyoung Moon Æ Stefan Vinckier Æ Erik Smets Æ Suzy Huysmans Received: 13 December 2007 / Accepted: 28 March 2008 / Published online: 10 September 2008 Ó Springer-Verlag 2008 Abstract The pollen morphology of subtribe Menthinae Keywords Bireticulum Á Mentheae Á Menthinae Á sensu Harley et al. [In: The families and genera of vascular Nepetoideae Á Palynology Á Phylogeny Á plants VII. Flowering plantsÁdicotyledons: Lamiales (except Exine ornamentation Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). Springer, Berlin, pp 167–275, 2004] and two genera of uncertain subtribal affinities (Heterolamium and Melissa) are documented in Introduction order to complete our palynological overview of the tribe Mentheae. Menthinae pollen is small to medium in size The pollen morphology of Lamiaceae has proven to be (13–43 lm), oblate to prolate in shape and mostly hexacol- systematically valuable since Erdtman (1945) used the pate (sometimes pentacolpate). Perforate, microreticulate or number of nuclei and the aperture number to divide the bireticulate exine ornamentation types were observed. The family into two subfamilies (i.e. Lamioideae: bi-nucleate exine ornamentation of Menthinae is systematically highly and tricolpate pollen, Nepetoideae: tri-nucleate and hexa- informative particularly at generic level. The exine stratifi- colpate pollen). While the -
Towards Resolving Lamiales Relationships
Schäferhoff et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:352 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/352 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences Bastian Schäferhoff1*, Andreas Fleischmann2, Eberhard Fischer3, Dirk C Albach4, Thomas Borsch5, Günther Heubl2, Kai F Müller1 Abstract Background: In the large angiosperm order Lamiales, a diverse array of highly specialized life strategies such as carnivory, parasitism, epiphytism, and desiccation tolerance occur, and some lineages possess drastically accelerated DNA substitutional rates or miniaturized genomes. However, understanding the evolution of these phenomena in the order, and clarifying borders of and relationships among lamialean families, has been hindered by largely unresolved trees in the past. Results: Our analysis of the rapidly evolving trnK/matK, trnL-F and rps16 chloroplast regions enabled us to infer more precise phylogenetic hypotheses for the Lamiales. Relationships among the nine first-branching families in the Lamiales tree are now resolved with very strong support. Subsequent to Plocospermataceae, a clade consisting of Carlemanniaceae plus Oleaceae branches, followed by Tetrachondraceae and a newly inferred clade composed of Gesneriaceae plus Calceolariaceae, which is also supported by morphological characters. Plantaginaceae (incl. Gratioleae) and Scrophulariaceae are well separated in the backbone grade; Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae appear in distant clades, while the recently described Linderniaceae are confirmed to be monophyletic and in an isolated position. Conclusions: Confidence about deep nodes of the Lamiales tree is an important step towards understanding the evolutionary diversification of a major clade of flowering plants. The degree of resolution obtained here now provides a first opportunity to discuss the evolution of morphological and biochemical traits in Lamiales. -
An Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plant Flora of Guthrie County, Iowa
Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS Volume 98 Number Article 4 1991 An Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plant Flora of Guthrie County, Iowa Dean M. Roosa Department of Natural Resources Lawrence J. Eilers University of Northern Iowa Scott Zager University of Northern Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright © Copyright 1991 by the Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/jias Part of the Anthropology Commons, Life Sciences Commons, Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons, and the Science and Mathematics Education Commons Recommended Citation Roosa, Dean M.; Eilers, Lawrence J.; and Zager, Scott (1991) "An Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plant Flora of Guthrie County, Iowa," Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS, 98(1), 14-30. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/jias/vol98/iss1/4 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Jour. Iowa Acad. Sci. 98(1): 14-30, 1991 An Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plant Flora of Guthrie County, Iowa DEAN M. ROOSA 1, LAWRENCE J. EILERS2 and SCOTI ZAGER2 1Department of Natural Resources, Wallace State Office Building, Des Moines, Iowa 50319 2Department of Biology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa 50604 The known vascular plant flora of Guthrie County, Iowa, based on field, herbarium, and literature studies, consists of748 taxa (species, varieties, and hybrids), 135 of which are naturalized.