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Alvar Aalto's Associative Geometries
Alvar Aalto Researchers’ Network Seminar – Why Aalto? 9-10 June 2017, Jyväskylä, Finland Alvar Aalto’s associative geometries Holger Hoffmann Prof. Dipl.-Ing., Architekt BDA Fay Jones School of Architecture and Design Why Aalto?, 3rd Alvar Aalto Researchers Network Seminar, Jyväskylä 2017 Prof. Holger Hoffmann, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, April 30th, 2017 Paper Proposal ALVAR AALTO‘S ASSOCIATIVE GEOMETRIES This paper, written from a practitioner’s point of view, aims at describing Alvar Aalto’s use of associative geometries as an inspiration for contemporary computational design techniques and his potential influence on a place-specific version of today’s digital modernism. In architecture the introduction of digital design and communication techniques during the 1990s has established a global discourse on complexity and the relation between the universal and the specific. And however the great potential of computer technology lies in the differentiation and specification of architectural solutions, ‘place’ and especially ‘place-form’ has not been of greatest interest since. Therefore I will try to build a narrative that describes the possibilities of Aalto’s “elastic standardization” as a method of well-structured differentiation in relation to historical and contemporary methods of constructing complexity. I will then use a brief geometrical analysis of Aalto’s “Neue Vahr”-building to hint at a potential relation of his work to the concept of ‘difference and repetition’ that is one of the cornerstones of contemporary ‘parametric design’. With the help of two projects (one academic, one professional) I will furthermore try to show the capability of such an approach to open the merely generic formal vocabulary of so-called “parametricism” to contextual or regional necessities in a ‘beyond-digital’ way. -
On El Lissitzky's Representations of Space
Online Journal of Art and Design volume 3, issue 3, 2015 Scissors versus T-square: on El Lissitzky’s Representations of Space Acalya Allmer Dokuz Eylül University, Turkey [email protected] ABSTRACT The first exhibition of Russian art since the Revolution was held in Berlin at the Van Diemen Gallery in the spring of 1922. In Camilla Gray’s terms it was ‘the most important and the only comprehensive exhibition of Russian abstract art to be seen in the West’ (Gray, 1962:315). The exhibition was organized and arranged by Russian architect El Lissitzky who acted as a link between the Russian avant-garde and that of the west. He played a seminal role especially in Germany, where he had lived before the war and where he was a constant visitor between 1922 and 1928. The diversity of El Lissitzky’s talents in many fields of art including graphic design, painting, and photography made him known as ‘travelling salesman for the avant-garde.’ However, what makes the theoretical and visual works of Lissitzky discontinuous and divergent is that they include apparently contradictory domains. Through his short life by shifting different modes of representations - perspective, axonometry, photomontage - Lissitzky sometimes presented us a number of problems in his irrational way of using the techniques. This article concentrates on his contradictory arguments on representation of space especially between 1920 and 1924, by re-reading his theoretical texts published in the avant-garde magazines of the period and looking through his well-preserved visual works. Keywords: El Lissitzky, representation, space, axonometry, photography, avant-garde 1. -
The Agency of Mapping: Speculation, Critique and Invention
IO The Agency of Mapping: Speculation, Critique and Invention JAMES CORNER Mapping is a fantastic cultural project, creating and building the world as much as measuring and describing it. Long affiliated with the planning and design of cities, landscapes and buildings, mapping is particularly instrumental in the construing and constructing of lived space. In this active sense, the function of mapping is less to mirror reality than to engender the re-shaping of the worlds in which people live. While there are countless examples of authoritarian, simplistic, erroneous and coer cive acts of mapping, with reductive effects upon both individuals and environments, I focus in this essay upon more optimistic revisions of mapping practices. 1 These revisions situate mapping as a collective enabling enterprise, a project that both reveals and realizes hidden poten tial. Hence, in describing the 'agency' of mapping, I do not mean to invoke agendas of imperialist technocracy and control but rather to sug gest ways in which mapping acts may emancipate potentials, enrich expe riences aJd diversify worlds. We have been adequately cautioned about mapping as a means of projecting power-knowledge, but what about mapping as a productive and liberating instrument, a world-enriching agent, especially in the design and planning arts? As a creative practice, mapping precipitates its most productive effects through a finding that is also a founding; its agency lies in neither repro duction nor imposition but rather in uncovering realities previously unseen or unimagined, even across seemingly exhausted grounds. Thus, mapping unfolds potential; it re-makes territory over and over again, each time with new and diverse consequences. -
Maps and Meanings: Urban Cartography and Urban Design
Maps and Meanings: Urban Cartography and Urban Design Julie Nichols A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Adelaide School of Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Urban Design Centre for Asian and Middle Eastern Architecture (CAMEA) Adelaide, 20 December 2012 1 CONTENTS CONTENTS.............................................................................................................................. 2 ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. 7 INTRODUCTION: AIMS AND METHOD ........................................................................ 11 Aims and Definitions ............................................................................................ 12 Research Parameters: Space and Time ................................................................. 17 Method .................................................................................................................. 21 Limitations and Contributions .............................................................................. 26 Thesis Layout ....................................................................................................... 28 -
189 09 Aju 03 Bryon 8/1/10 07:25 Página 31
189_09 aju 03 Bryon 8/1/10 07:25 Página 31 Measuring the qualities of Choisy’s oblique and axonometric projections Hilary Bryon Auguste Choisy is renowned for his «axonometric» representations, particularly those illustrating his Histoire de l’architecture (1899). Yet, «axonometric» is a misnomer if uniformly applied to describe Choisy’s pictorial parallel projections. The nomenclature of parallel projection is often ambiguous and confusing. Yet, the actual history of parallel projection reveals a drawing system delineated by oblique and axonometric projections which relate to inherent spatial differences. By clarifying the intrinsic demarcations between these two forms of parallel pro- jection, one can discern that Choisy not only used the two spatial classes of pictor- ial parallel projection, the oblique and the orthographic axonometric, but in fact manipulated their inherent differences to communicate his theory of architecture. Parallel projection is a form of pictorial representation in which the projectors are parallel. Unlike perspective projection, in which the projectors meet at a fixed point in space, parallel projectors are said to meet at infinity. Oblique and axonometric projections are differentiated by the directions of their parallel pro- jectors. Oblique projection is delineated by projectors oblique to the plane of pro- jection, whereas the orthographic axonometric projection is defined by projectors perpendicular to the plane of projection. Axonometric projection is differentiated relative to its angles of rotation to the picture plane. When all three axes are ro- tated so that each is equally inclined to the plane of projection, the axonometric projection is isometric; all three axes are foreshortened and scaled equally. -
Smart Sketch System for 3D Reconstruction Based Modeling
Smart Sketch System for 3D Reconstruction Based Modeling Ferran Naya1, Julián Conesa2, Manuel Contero1, Pedro Company3, Joaquim Jorge4 1 DEGI - ETSII, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain {fernasan, mcontero}@degi.upv.es 2 DEG, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, C/ Dr. Fleming 30202 Cartagena, Spain [email protected] 3 Departamento de Tecnología, Universitat Jaume I de Castellón, Campus Riu Sec 12071 Castellón, Spain [email protected] 4 Engª. Informática, IST, Av.Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal [email protected] Abstract. Current user interfaces of CAD systems are still not suited to the ini- tial stages of product development, where freehand drawings are used by engi- neers and designers to express their visual thinking. In order to exploit these sketching skills, we present a sketch based modeling system, which provides a reduced instruction set calligraphic interface to create orthogonal polyhedra, and an extension of them we named quasi-normalons. Our system allows users to draw lines on free-hand axonometric-like drawings, which are automatically tidied and beautified. These line drawings are then converted into a three- dimensional model in real time because we implemented a fast reconstruction process, suited for quasi-normalon objects and so-called axonometric inflation method, providing in this way an innovative integrated 2D sketching and 3D view visualization work environment. 1 Introduction User interfaces of most CAD applications are based on the WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus and Pointing) paradigm, that is not enough flexible to support sketching activi- ties in the conceptual design phase. Recently, work on sketch-based modeling has looked at a paradigm shift to change the way geometric modeling applications are built, in order to focus on user-centric systems rather than systems that are organized around the details of geometry representation. -
Axonometry New Practical Graphical Methods for Determining System Parameters
PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(2): 5710-5718 ISSN: 00333077 Axonometry New Practical Graphical Methods For Determining System Parameters Malikov Kozim Gafurovich Senior Lecturer, Department of Engineering Graphics and Teaching Methods, Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami Abstract Some practical graphical method of determining the coefficients of variation and angles between them, which are the main parameters of the axonometric system, first describes the development of a model for generating axonometric projections and using it to determine the basic parameters of axonometry graphically. Key words: Axonometry, isometry, projection, transformation, parallel, plane, perpendicular, horizontal, bisector plane. Article Received: 18 October 2020, Revised: 3 November 2020, Accepted: 24 December 2020 Introduction. shortened, the angular values between them do not The practical graphical method of determining the change, and the triangle of traces is an equilateral coefficients of variation of the axes of the triangle, as noted above, described in the Q plane axonometric system and the angles between them in their true magnitude. has not been raised as a problem until now [1]. Therefore, all elements of isometry, i.e. Because the results obtained were graphic works axonometric axes, are reduced to a theoretically performed manually, they were approximately 0.5- determined coefficient of variation of 81.6496 mm 1 mm accurate. Therefore, graphical methods were and the angular values between them are described of great importance -
2D to 3D Image Conversion Using Trimetric Projection and Depth-Map Estimation
ISSN (Online) 2278-1021 IJARCCE ISSN (Print) 2319 5940 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering ISO 3297:2007 Certified Vol. 5, Issue 7, July 2016 2D to 3D Image Conversion using Trimetric Projection and Depth-map Estimation Rashmi Snawer1, Asst. Prof. Ms. Anubhooti Papola2 Department of Computer Science, Uttarakhand Technical University Dehradun1, 2 Abstract: The three-dimensional (3D) displays needed the axes and angle information for dimensional view which is engaged in the predictable 2D substance. This work presents a novel methodology that involuntarily converts 2D images into 3D which is easily available for users with the help of our mM desktop application. Here we are working on axonometric projection and focusing on axis of any object or image, in this methodology we are going to merge three different axonometric projections and showing this as a new technique in Tri-metric projection. Projection applies in 2D records which we have to convert in 3D. This technique is helpful in 2d to 3D conversion with a better view and it takes less time for conversion since researchers are using three different projection techniques together for an exceptional result. Keywords: Predictable 2D substance, focusing on axis of any object or image, 2D records which we have to convert in 3D help of our mM desktop application 1. INTRODUCTION In the 2D structure, we use only two coordinates X and Y it an idea of the outer world, how objects are near or how other than in 3D an extra coordinate Z is new. 3D graphics they are far. -
Architecture Program Report 7 September 2015
ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM REPORT FOR THE NATIONAL ARCHITECTURAL ACCREDITATION BOARD 7 SEPTEMBER 2015 THE IRWIN S. CHANIN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE THE COOPER UNION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE AND ART NADER TEHRANI, DEAN ELIZABETH O’DONNELL, ASSOCIATE DEAN The Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture of the Cooper Union Architecture Program Report September 2015 The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art The Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture Architecture Program Report for 2016 NAAB Visit for Continuing Accreditation Bachelor of Architecture (160 credits) Year of the Previous Visit: 2010 Current Term of Accreditation: From the VTR dated July 27, 2010 “The accreditation term is effective January 1, 2010. The Program is scheduled for its next accreditation visit in 2016.” Submitted to: The National Architectural Accrediting Board Date: 7 September 2015 The Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture of the Cooper Union Architecture Program Report September 2015 Program Administrator: Nader Tehrani, Dean and Professor Chief administrator for the academic unit in which the Program is located: Nader Tehrani, Dean and Professor Chief Academic Officer of the Institution: NA President of the Institution: William Mea, Acting President Individual submitting the Architecture Program Report: Nader Tehrani, Dean and Professor Name of individual to whom questions should be directed: Elizabeth O’Donnell, Associate Dean and Professor (proportional-time) The Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture of the Cooper Union Architecture Program Report September 2015 Section Page Section 1. Program Description I.1.1 History and Mission I.1.2 Learning Culture I.1.3 Social Equity I.1.4 Defining Perspectives I.1.5 Long Range Planning I.1.6 Assessment Section 2. -
Advanced Geosimulation Models
Advanced Geosimulation Models Editors Danielle J. Marceau University of Calgary Canada & Itzhak Benenson Tel-Aviv University Israel eBooks End User License Agreement Please read this license agreement carefully before using this eBook. Your use of this eBook/chapter constitutes your agreement to the terms and conditions set forth in this License Agreement. Bentham Science Publishers agrees to grant the user of this eBook/chapter, a non-exclusive, nontransferable license to download and use this eBook/chapter under the following terms and conditions: 1. This eBook/chapter may be downloaded and used by one user on one computer. The user may make one back-up copy of this publication to avoid losing it. The user may not give copies of this publication to others, or make it available for others to copy or download. For a multi-user license contact [email protected] 2. All rights reserved: All content in this publication is copyrighted and Bentham Science Publishers own the copyright. You may not copy, reproduce, modify, remove, delete, augment, add to, publish, transmit, sell, resell, create derivative works from, or in any way exploit any of this publication’s content, in any form by any means, in whole or in part, without the prior written permission from Bentham Science Publishers. 3. The user may print one or more copies/pages of this eBook/chapter for their personal use. The user may not print pages from this eBook/chapter or the entire printed eBook/chapter for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained from the publisher for such requirements. -
Adaptive Façades Architecture
Adaptive Façades An Integrated Algorithmic Approach Helena Luísa Freitas Martinho Thesis to obtain the Master of Science Degree in Architecture Supervisors: Prof. Dr. António Paulo Teles de Menezes Correia Leitão Prof. Dr. Miguel José das Neves Pires Amado Examination Committee Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Ana Paula Filipe Tomé Advisor: Prof. Dr. António Paulo Teles de Menezes Correia Leitão Member of the Committee: Prof. Manuel de Arriaga Brito Correia Guedes May 2019 Declaration I declare that this document is an original work of my own authorship and that it fulfills all the requirements of the Code of Conduct and Good Practices of the Universidade de Lisboa. Acknowledgments I would like to begin by leaving a word of appreciation for the person that made all of this work possible. To my supervisor, António Menezes Leitão, for the constant guidance and encouragement along this journey. To my co-supervisor, Miguel Pires Amado, for agreeing to be part of this work. To Roel Loonen, for the inspiring discussions that instigated my interest over this topic. To my fellow members of ADA, for the precious feedback and advice. A special acknowledgment to José, Catarina, Inês, and Renata, for the everlasting patience and wonderful company. To my parents, for the unconditional love and support. And most of all, to Ignacio, for believing in me whenever I couldn’t. To each and every one of you - thank you. This work was supported by national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) with references UID/CEC/50021/2019 and PTDC/ART-DAQ/31061/2017. i Abstract The concept of architectural performance comprises an understanding of the interaction between the built and natural environments. -
Measuring a Changing Mountain a Challenging Mission to New Zealand’S Highest Peak
A Publication for Geospatial Professionals • Issue 2014-2 Measuring a Changing Mountain A Challenging Mission to New Zealand’s Highest Peak Flying Over Canada’s Oil Patch Bright Ideas for Solar Energy New Applications for Image Analysis The Next Disruptor technology&more technology&more Welcome to Technology&more! Deartechnology&more Readers, I am always impressed by the variety of people, places and opportunities • NEW ZEALAND pg. 1 that make up the world of geospatial information. Working in far corners and High Altitude widely varied environments of the planet, Measurements geospatial professionals are in a unique position to capture and share information about our environment, history and achievments. It’s a compelling and fasci- nating business. • UNITED STATES pg. 6 In this issue of Technology&more, we present stories that illustrate the broad A New Angle on impact that geospatial technologies have Chris Gibson: Vice President Scanning on the professional and social world. The stories show how ingenuity and flexibility combine with multiple technologies to produce new, sometimes unexpected, approaches to meeting the needs of our clients and projects. We’ll travel to the highest mountain in the Southern Alps to see how a team of university researchers respected indigenous traditions while gathering essential • SPAIN pg. 8 geospatial information. In a visit to Spain, we meet an archaeologist who takes advantage of measurement, communications and information Modern Archaeology management technologies to provide powerful new tools for research- ers in archaeology and paleontology. Near Chicago, we meet a surveyor who turns things upside down in using 3D scanning. The results provide information that will help project managers and contractors avoid surprises on a complex water project far underground.