DOCSLIB.ORG

„Фитохемијска Анализа И Биолошка Активност Екстраката Prunus Mahaleb L., P

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
„Фитохемијска Анализа И Биолошка Активност Екстраката Prunus Mahaleb L., P УНИВЕРЗИТЕТ У БЕОГРАДУ БИОЛОШКИ ФАКУЛТЕТ Ивона З. Величковић „Фитохемијска анализа и биолошка активност екстраката Prunus mahaleb L., P. spinosa L., Rubus discolor Weihe & Nees и R. serpens Weihe ex Lej & Court (Rosaceae)“ докторска дисертација Београд, 2021 UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE FACULTY OF BIOLOGY Ivona Z. Veličković „Phytochemical analysis and biological activity of Prunus mahaleb L., P. spinosa L., Rubus discolor Weihe & Nees and R. serpens Weihe ex Lej & Court extracts (Rosaceae)“ Doctoral Dissertation Belgrade, 2021 Комисија за оцену и одбрану докторске дисертације: Др Славица Грујић, доцент, ментор Универзитет у Београду – Биолошки факултет _____________________________________ Др Жељко Жижак, виши научни сарадник, ментор Институт за онкологију и радиологију Србије ____________________________________ Др Наташа Симин, ванредни професор, члан Универзитет у Новом Саду – Природно-математички факултет _____________________________________ Др Марија Иванов, научни сарадник, члан Универзитет у Београду – Институт за биолошка истраживања „Синиша Станковић“, Институт од Националног значаја за Републику Србију _____________________________________ Др Соња Дулетић-Лаушевић, редовни професор, члан Универзитет у Београду – Биолошки факултет _____________________________________ Датум одбране: _____________________ Захвалница Овом приликом бих желела да искажем захвалност свима који су дали допринос приликом израде ове докторске дисертације. Најпре бих захвалила својим менторима – Др Славици Грујић на дугогодишњој сарадњи, на помоћи приликом конципирања теме, великој подршци и стручним саветима приликом писања докторске дисертације чиме је њен квалитет знатно побољшан; Др Жељку Жишку на увек јасним и прецизним одговорима на сва моја питања у вези са антипролиферативном активношћу, као и на корисним сугестијама приликом писања радова и тезе. Др Марији Иванов захваљујем на помоћи приликом одређивања антимикробне активности екстраката, на стручним саветима и ведрини којом је олакшала и улепшала наш рад у лабораторији. Велику захвалност дугујем и свим колегама из Миколошке лабораторије, посебно Др Марини Соковић и мом колеги и пријатељу, Дејану Стојковићу, на пријатној радној атмосфери, предусретљивости и стручним саветима. Професорки Др Наташи Симин захваљујем на LC-MS/MS анализи екстраката, на професионалности и изузетној посвећености приликом читања радова и тезе. Професорки Др Соњи Дулетић-Лаушевић дугујем велику искрену захвалност на корисним саветима приликом писања докторске тезе, на спремности да несебично подели знање и увек помогне. Велико хвала на пријатељству и подршци током свих ових година. Професору Др Петру Марину хвала на указаном поверењу да учествујем на пројекту „Микроморфолошка, фитохемијска и молекуларна истраживања – систематски, еколошки и применљиви аспекти“, на помоћи приликом прикупљања биљног материјала и његовој детерминацији. Професору Др Зорану Кривошеју најсрдачније захваљујем на детерминацији биљног материјала. Велику захвалност дугујем свим колегама са Катедре за морфологију и систематику биљака који су свако на свој начин помагали током свих фаза израде ове докторске дисертације, посебно Др Данки Буквички и Др Немањи Рајчевић на стручним и пријатељским саветима. Неизмерну захвалност дугујем мојим колегиницама и пријатељицама, Јасмини Градојевић, Др Ксенији Милески, Др Ани Алимпић Арадски и Мариани Оалђе на колегијалности, несебично подељеном знању, стручним саветима и помоћи у свим фазама израде докторске тезе, на пријатељству и подршци коју су ми пружале и дивној сарадњи због које је сваки посао постао лак и забаван, а свака препрека премостива. Највећу захвалност ипак дугујем својој породици и пријатељима. Мојим бакама, Вери и Драгици, на љубави и подршци током целог живота, посебно мојој Дади што ми је усадила жељу за учењем и образовањем, бескрајно хвала. Мојим родитељима, Верици и Зорану дугујем неизрециву захвалност за безусловну љубав и што су сестру и мене научили правим, непролазним вредностима, на разумевању за моје изборе и подршци да остварим своје снове. Огромну захвалност дугујем и родитељима свог супруга, Гордани и Мирољубу, што су свих ових година били и моји други родитељи, без ваше љубави и подршке ово заиста не би било могуће. Сестри Тијани, мом највећем животном пријатељу, и њеној породици дугујем неизмерну захвалност за сву љубав, разумевање и подршку коју ми увек и свуда пружају. Лени, Сари и Матији хвала за сваки осмех, пољубац и загрљај, учинили сте да овај пут буде лакши. Не постоје речи којима бих могла да искажем захвалност коју осећам према мојим момцима, мом супругу Марку и синовима Лазару и Богдану, што су били моја оаза љубави и спокоја, покретачка снага и инспирација свих ових година, због тога њима овај рад и посвећујем. Аутор Докторска дисертација је урађена у оквиру пројекта Министарства просвете, науке и технолошког развоја Републике Србије „Микроморфолошка, фитохемијска и молекуларна истраживања – систематски, еколошки и применљиви аспекти“ (ОИ173029). Експериментални део докторске дисертације је урађен у следећим лабораторијама: ➢ Фитохемијској лабораторији Катедре за морфологију и систематику биљака Биолошког факултета Универзитета у Београду, ➢ Лабораторији за модификаторе биолошког одговора Института за онкологију и радиологију Србије, ➢ Лабораторији за испитивање природних ресурса фармаколошки и биолошки активних једињења Департмана за хемију, биохемију и заштиту животне средине Природно-математичког факултета Универзитета у Новом Саду и ➢ Миколошкој лабораторији Одељења за физиологију биљака Института за биолошка истраживања „Синиша Станковић“ – Института од националног значаја за Републику Србију Универзитета у Београду. Фитохемијска анализа и биолошка активност екстраката Prunus mahaleb L., P. spinosa L., Rubus discolor Weihe & Nees и R. serpens Weihe ex Lej & Court (Rosaceae) САЖЕТАК Циљ ове докторске дисертације је био испитивање хемијског састава и биолошких активности екстраката листова и плодова P. mahaleb, P. spinosa, R. discolor и R. serpens. Екстракти су добијени ултразвучном екстракцијом екстрагенсима различите поларности (вода, етанол и ацетон). Естракти листова и плодова R. discolor и R. serpens су били богатији фенолним једињењима од екстраката врста рода Prunus. LC-MS/MS методом је квантификовано 11 фенолних киселина и семиквантификовано 5 антоцијана. У њиховим екстрактима преовлађивале су хлорогенска, кафена и гална киселина, док је најзаступљенији антоцијанин у екстрактима плодова био цијанидин-глукозид/галактозид. Доминантне фенолне киселине у екстрактима P. mahaleb су биле p- и о-кумаринска, протокатехинска и гална, а код P. spinosa p- хидрокси-бензоева, гална, кафена, p-кумаринска и хлорогенска. Водени екстракт листа R. serpens је показао најјачу антиоксидантну активност у коришћеним тестовима (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP и TRC), осим у случају ß-каротен/линолеинска киселина теста где је највећу активност испољио ацетонски екстракт плода исте врсте. Антимикробна активност је одређена микродилуционом методом, а екстракти R. discolor и R. serpens су испољили јаче антибактеријско и антифунгално дејтво у односу на екстракте врстa рода Prunus. Цитотоксична активност различитих екстраката према HeLa, K562 и MDA-MB-453 ћелијским линијама је испитана MTT тестом. Показано је да екстракти листова R. discolor и R. serpens имају значајнији цитотоксични ефекат него екстракти врста рода Prunus. Морфолошком анализом ћелијске смрти и Annexin V-FITC/PI методом бојења је утврђено да екстракти цитотоксични ефекат остварују апоптозом малигних ћелија, а анализом дистрибуције ћелија по фазама ћелијског циклуса да доводе до пораста G1 ћелија, као и пораста броја апоптотичних (subG1 пик) ћелија. Сви испитивани екстракти су успешније инхибирали α-глукозидазу, него α-амилазу, при чему су се посебно истакли етанолни екстракти листова R. discolor и R. serpens. У овом раду су први пут представљени резултати хемијског састава и биолошких активности за врсту R. serpens, као и антидијабетичне активности за екстракте листова преостале три врсте. Добијени резултати указују да екстракти листова и плодова испитиваних врста испољавају бројне биолошке активности пре свега захваљујући синергистичком дејству фенолних једињења, те да се потенцијално могу применити као нутрацеутици и у фитофармацији. Кључне речи: Rosaceae, Prunus, Rubus, екстракти, фенолна једињења, LC-MS/MS, антиоксидантна активност, антимикробна активност, антидијабетична активност, антитуморска активност Научна област: Биологија Ужа научна област: Морфологија, фитохемија и систематика биљака УДК број: 582.711.713:582.711.712:615.451.1:581.45:581.47:547.623:633.8 Phytochemical analysis and biological activity of Prunus mahaleb L., P. spinosa L., Rubus discolor Weihe & Nees and R. serpens Weihe ex Lej & Court extracts (Rosaceae) ABSTRACT This study was aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and bioactivity of P. mahaleb, P. spinosa, R. discolor and R. serpens leaves and fruits. The extracts of the above-mentioned species were obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction using solvents of different polarity (water, ethanol and acetone). The extracts of R. discolor and R. serpens species contained higher amounts of phenols than extracts of Prunus species. LC-MS/MS analysis enabled the identification of 11 phenolic acids and semi-quantification of 5 anthocyanins. The dominant phenolic acids in R. discolor and R. serpens extracts were chlorogenic, caffeic and gallic, whilst cyanidin-glucoside/galactoside was the main anthocyanin in their fruit extracts. The main phenolic acids in P. mahaleb extracts were p- and о- coumaric,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tree of Life Marula Oil in Africa
    HerbalGram 79 • August – October 2008 HerbalGram 79 • August Herbs and Thyroid Disease • Rosehips for Osteoarthritis • Pelargonium for Bronchitis • Herbs of the Painted Desert The Journal of the American Botanical Council Number 79 | August – October 2008 Herbs and Thyroid Disease • Rosehips for Osteoarthritis • Pelargonium for Bronchitis • Herbs of the Painted Desert • Herbs of the Painted Bronchitis for Osteoarthritis Disease • Rosehips for • Pelargonium Thyroid Herbs and www.herbalgram.org www.herbalgram.org US/CAN $6.95 Tree of Life Marula Oil in Africa www.herbalgram.org Herb Pharm’s Botanical Education Garden PRESERVING THE FULL-SPECTRUM OF NATURE'S CHEMISTRY The Art & Science of Herbal Extraction At Herb Pharm we continue to revere and follow the centuries-old, time- proven wisdom of traditional herbal medicine, but we integrate that wisdom with the herbal sciences and technology of the 21st Century. We produce our herbal extracts in our new, FDA-audited, GMP- compliant herb processing facility which is located just two miles from our certified-organic herb farm. This assures prompt delivery of freshly-harvested herbs directly from the fields, or recently HPLC chromatograph showing dried herbs directly from the farm’s drying loft. Here we also biochemical consistency of 6 receive other organic and wildcrafted herbs from various parts of batches of St. John’s Wort extracts the USA and world. In producing our herbal extracts we use precision scientific instru- ments to analyze each herb’s many chemical compounds. However, You’ll find Herb Pharm we do not focus entirely on the herb’s so-called “active compound(s)” at fine natural products and, instead, treat each herb and its chemical compounds as an integrated whole.
    [Show full text]
  • TREES for WESTERN NEBRASKA Justin Evertson & Bob Henrickson
    THE NEBRASKA STATEWIDE ARBORETUM PRESENTS TREES FOR WESTERN NEBRASKA Justin Evertson & Bob Henrickson. For more plant information, visit plantnebraska.org or retreenbraska.unl.edu The following species are recommended for areas in the western half of Nebraska and/or typically receive less than 20” of moisture per year. Size Range: The size range indicated for each plant is the expected average mature height x spread for Nebraska. Large Deciduous Trees (typically over 40 feet tall at maturity) NOTE ON ASH SPECIES: Native American ash trees are being decimated by Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) and the insect is now in Nebraska. NSA recommends that native ash species no longer be planted in Nebraska. 1. Ash, Manchurian - Fraxinus mandshurica (from Asia; upright growth; drought tolerant; may be resistant to EAB; 40’x 30’) 2. Catalpa, Northern - Catalpa speciosa (native; tough tree; large, heart-shaped leaves, showy flowers and long seed pods; 50’x 35’) 3. Coffeetree, Kentucky - Gymnocladus dioicus (native; amazingly adaptable; beautiful winter form; 50’x 40’) 4. Cottonwood, Eastern - Populus deltoides (majestic native; not for extremely dry sites; avoid most cultivars; 80’x 60’) 5. Cottonwood, Lanceleaf - Populus acuminata (native; naturally occurring hybrid; narrow leaves; for west. G.P.; 50’x 35’) 6. Elm, American - Ulums americana (disease resistant varieties include ‘Valley Forge’ and ‘New Harmony’; 50’x50’) 7. Elm, Japanese - Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (cold tolerant; rounded; glossy green; ‘Discovery’ is a cultivar from Manitoba Canada; 45’x 45’) 8. Elm, Rock - Ulmus thomasii (distinctive corky stems; upright habit; DED resistance in west; 50-60’x 30-40’) New Elm, Hybrids - many disease resistant hybrid elms have been developed and show promise, including: 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide Revision 2*
    Medicinal Herbs Quick Reference Guide * Revision 2 Julieta Criollo DNM, CHT Doctor of Natural Medicine Clinical Herbal Therapist Wellness Trading Post [email protected] www.wellnesstradingpost.com 604-760-6425 Copyright © 2004–2011 Julieta Criollo All rights reserved. Note to the reader This booklet is intended for educational purposes only. The information contained in it has been compiled from published books and material on plant medicine. Although the information has been reviewed for correctness, the publisher/author does not assume any legal responsibility and/or liability for any errors or omissions. Furthermore, herbal/plant medicine standards (plant identification, medicinal properties, preparations, dosage, safety precautions and contraindications, pharmacology, and therapeutic usage) are continuously evolving and changing as new research and clinical studies are being published and expanding our knowledge. Hence, readers are encouraged and advised to check the most current information available on plant medicine standards and safety. T his information is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of a medical doctor or qualified health practitioner prior to starting any new treatment, or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. The publisher/author does not assume any legal responsibility and/or liability for the use of the information contained in this booklet. * Revision 1 updates: addition of color bars to the Herb Groups and the various Herb
    [Show full text]
  • Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project (Cofinanced by the Global Environment Facility)
    Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 39321 June 2008 PRC: Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project (Cofinanced by the Global Environment Facility) Prepared by: ANZDEC Limited Australia For Shaanxi Province Development and Reform Commission This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. FINAL REPORT SHAANXI QINLING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PREPARED FOR Shaanxi Provincial Government And the Asian Development Bank ANZDEC LIMITED September 2007 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as at 1 June 2007) Currency Unit – Chinese Yuan {CNY}1.00 = US $0.1308 $1.00 = CNY 7.64 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BAP – Biodiversity Action Plan (of the PRC Government) CAS – Chinese Academy of Sciences CASS – Chinese Academy of Social Sciences CBD – Convention on Biological Diversity CBRC – China Bank Regulatory Commission CDA - Conservation Demonstration Area CNY – Chinese Yuan CO – company CPF – country programming framework CTF – Conservation Trust Fund EA – Executing Agency EFCAs – Ecosystem Function Conservation Areas EIRR – economic internal rate of return EPB – Environmental Protection Bureau EU – European Union FIRR – financial internal rate of return FDI – Foreign Direct Investment FYP – Five-Year Plan FS – Feasibility
    [Show full text]
  • Number 3, Spring 1998 Director’S Letter
    Planning and planting for a better world Friends of the JC Raulston Arboretum Newsletter Number 3, Spring 1998 Director’s Letter Spring greetings from the JC Raulston Arboretum! This garden- ing season is in full swing, and the Arboretum is the place to be. Emergence is the word! Flowers and foliage are emerging every- where. We had a magnificent late winter and early spring. The Cornus mas ‘Spring Glow’ located in the paradise garden was exquisite this year. The bright yellow flowers are bright and persistent, and the Students from a Wake Tech Community College Photography Class find exfoliating bark and attractive habit plenty to photograph on a February day in the Arboretum. make it a winner. It’s no wonder that JC was so excited about this done soon. Make sure you check of themselves than is expected to seedling selection from the field out many of the special gardens in keep things moving forward. I, for nursery. We are looking to propa- the Arboretum. Our volunteer one, am thankful for each and every gate numerous plants this spring in curators are busy planting and one of them. hopes of getting it into the trade. preparing those gardens for The magnolias were looking another season. Many thanks to all Lastly, when you visit the garden I fantastic until we had three days in our volunteers who work so very would challenge you to find the a row of temperatures in the low hard in the garden. It shows! Euscaphis japonicus. We had a twenties. There was plenty of Another reminder — from April to beautiful seven-foot specimen tree damage to open flowers, but the October, on Sunday’s at 2:00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • TREES for WESTERN NEBRASKA Justin Evertson & Bob Henrickson
    THE NEBRASKA STATEWIDE ARBORETUM PRESENTS TREES FOR WESTERN NEBRASKA Justin Evertson & Bob Henrickson. For more plant information, visit plantnebraska.org or retreenbraska.unl.edu The following species are recommended for areas in the western half of Nebraska and/or typically receive less than 20” of moisture per year. Size Range: The size range indicated for each plant is the expected average mature height x spread for Nebraska. Large Deciduous Trees (typically over 40 feet tall at maturity) 1. Ash, Black ‐ Fraxinus nigra (good on wet sites; very cold tolerant; Fallgold a common form; 45’x 35’) 2. Ash, Green ‐ Fraxinus pennsylvanica (native; very adaptable; good on wet or dry sites; over‐planted; 40‐60’x 25‐40’; 3. Ash, White ‐ Fraxinus americana (native eastern G.P.; good purple/yellow fall color; 40‐50’x 40‐50’) NOTE ON ASH SPECIES: Native American ash trees including those above are being decimated by Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) and the insect is now in Nebraska. NSA recommends that native ash species no longer be planted in Nebraska. 4. Ash, Manchurian ‐ Fraxinus mandshurica (from Asia; upright growth; drought tolerant; may be resistant to EAB; 40’x 30’) 5. Catalpa, Northern ‐ Catalpa speciosa (native; tough tree; large, heart‐shaped leaves, showy flowers and long seed pods; 50’x 35’) 6. Coffeetree, Kentucky ‐ Gymnocladus dioicus (native; amazingly adaptable; beautiful winter form; 50’x 40’) 7. Cottonwood, Eastern ‐ Populus deltoides (majestic native; not for extremely dry sites; avoid most cultivars; 80’x 60’) 8. Cottonwood, Lanceleaf ‐ Populus acuminata (native; naturally occurring hybrid; narrow leaves; for west. G.P.; 50’x 35’) 9.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ornamental Trees of South Dakota N.E
    South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange South Dakota State University Agricultural Bulletins Experiment Station 4-1-1931 The Ornamental Trees of South Dakota N.E. Hansen Follow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/agexperimentsta_bulletins Recommended Citation Hansen, N.E., "The Ornamental Trees of South Dakota" (1931). Bulletins. Paper 260. http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/agexperimentsta_bulletins/260 This Bulletin is brought to you for free and open access by the South Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletins by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bulletin 260 April, 1931 The Ornamental Trees of South Dakota Figure I-The May Day Tree. Horticulture Department Agricultural Experiment Station South Dakota State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts Brookings, S. Dak. The Ornamental Trees of South Dakota N. E. Hansen This bulletin describes the deciduous trees. By deciduous trees is meant those that shed their leaves in winter. The evergreens of South Dakota are described in bulletin 254, October 1930. A bulletin on "The Ornamental Shrubs of South Dakota" is ready for early publication. The following list should be studied in connection with the trees described in South Dakota bulletin 246, "'The Shade, Windbreak and Timber Trees of South Dakota," 48 pages, March 1930. All the trees in both bulletins have ornamental value in greater or less degree.
    [Show full text]
  • Karyotypic Characteristics and Genetic Relationships of Apricot Accessions from Different Ecological Groups
    J. AMER.SOC.HORT.SCI. 146(1):68–76. 2021. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS04956-20 Karyotypic Characteristics and Genetic Relationships of Apricot Accessions from Different Ecological Groups Wenwen Li, Liqiang Liu, Weiquan Zhou, Yanan Wang, and Xiang Ding College of Horticulture and Forestry, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China Guoquan Fan and Shikui Zhang Luntai National Fruit Germplasm Resources Garden of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luntai, Xinjiang 841600, China Kang Liao College of Horticulture and Forestry, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. chromosome number, diversity, karyotype analysis, P. armeniaca ABSTRACT. The present study aims to reveal the karyotypic characteristics and genetic relationships of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) accessions from different ecological groups. Fourteen, 9, and 30 accessions from the Central Asian ecological group, North China ecological group, and Dzhungar-Ili ecological group, respectively, were analyzed according to the conventional pressing plate method. The results showed that all the apricot accessions from the different ecological groups were diploid (2n =2x = 16). The total haploid length of the chromosome set of the selected accessions ranged from 8.11 to 12.75 mm, which was a small chromosome, and no satellite chromosomes were detected. All accessions had different numbers of median-centromere chromosomes or sub-median-centromere chromosomes. The karyotypes of the selected accessions were classified as 1A or 2A. Principal component analysis revealed that the long-arm/short-arm ratio (0.968) and the karyotype symmetry index (L0.979) were the most valuable parameters, and cluster analysis revealed that the accessions from the Central Asian ecological group and Dzhungar-Ili ecological group clustered together.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeography of Prunus Armeniaca L. Revealed by Chloroplast DNA And
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Phylogeography of Prunus armeniaca L. revealed by chloroplast DNA and nuclear ribosomal sequences Wen‑Wen Li1, Li‑Qiang Liu1, Qiu‑Ping Zhang2, Wei‑Quan Zhou1, Guo‑Quan Fan3 & Kang Liao1* To clarify the phytogeography of Prunus armeniaca L., two chloroplast DNA fragments (trnL‑trnF and ycf1) and the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were employed to assess genetic variation across 12 P. armeniaca populations. The results of cpDNA and ITS sequence data analysis showed a high the level of genetic diversity (cpDNA: HT = 0.499; ITS: HT = 0.876) and a low level of genetic diferentiation (cpDNA: FST = 0.1628; ITS: FST = 0.0297) in P. armeniaca. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that most of the genetic variation in P. armeniaca occurred among individuals within populations. The value of interpopulation diferentiation (NST) was signifcantly higher than the number of substitution types (GST), indicating genealogical structure in P. armeniaca. P. armeniaca shared genotypes with related species and may be associated with them through continuous and extensive gene fow. The haplotypes/genotypes of cultivated apricot populations in Xinjiang, North China, and foreign apricot populations were mixed with large numbers of haplotypes/ genotypes of wild apricot populations from the Ili River Valley. The wild apricot populations in the Ili River Valley contained the ancestral haplotypes/genotypes with the highest genetic diversity and were located in an area considered a potential glacial refugium for P. armeniaca. Since population expansion occurred 16.53 kyr ago, the area has provided a suitable climate for the population and protected the genetic diversity of P.
    [Show full text]
  • Intoduction to Ethnobotany
    Intoduction to Ethnobotany The diversity of plants and plant uses Draft, version November 22, 2018 Shipunov, Alexey (compiler). Introduction to Ethnobotany. The diversity of plant uses. November 22, 2018 version (draft). 358 pp. At the moment, this is based largely on P. Zhukovskij’s “Cultivated plants and their wild relatives” (1950, 1961), and A.C.Zeven & J.M.J. de Wet “Dictionary of cultivated plants and their regions of diversity” (1982). Title page image: Mandragora officinarum (Solanaceae), “female” mandrake, from “Hortus sanitatis” (1491). This work is dedicated to public domain. Contents Cultivated plants and their wild relatives 4 Dictionary of cultivated plants and their regions of diversity 92 Cultivated plants and their wild relatives 4 5 CEREALS AND OTHER STARCH PLANTS Wheat It is pointed out that the wild species of Triticum and rela­ted genera are found in arid areas; the greatest concentration of them is in the Soviet republics of Georgia and Armenia and these are regarded as their centre of origin. A table is given show- ing the geographical distribution of 20 species of Triticum, 3 diploid, 10 tetraploid and 7 hexaploid, six of the species are endemic in Georgia and Armenia: the diploid T. urarthu, the tetraploids T. timopheevi, T. palaeo-colchicum, T. chaldicum and T. carthlicum and the hexaploid T. macha, Transcaucasia is also considered to be the place of origin of T. vulgare. The 20 species are described in turn; they comprise 4 wild species, T. aegilopoides, T. urarthu (2n = 14), T. dicoccoides and T. chaldicum (2n = 28) and 16 cultivated species. A number of synonyms are indicated for most of the species.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,973,216 B2 Espley Et Al
    US007973216 B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,973,216 B2 Espley et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 5, 2011 (54) COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR 6,037,522 A 3/2000 Dong et al. MODULATING PGMENT PRODUCTION IN 6,074,877 A 6/2000 DHalluin et al. 2004.0034.888 A1 2/2004 Liu et al. PLANTS FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (75) Inventors: Richard Espley, Auckland (NZ); Roger WO WOO1, 59 103 8, 2001 Hellens, Auckland (NZ); Andrew C. WO WO O2/OO894 1, 2002 WO WO O2/O55658 T 2002 Allan, Auckland (NZ) WO WOO3,0843.12 10, 2003 WO WO 2004/096994 11, 2004 (73) Assignee: The New Zealand Institute for Plant WO WO 2005/001050 1, 2005 and food Research Limited, Auckland (NZ) OTHER PUBLICATIONS Bovy et al. (Plant Cell, 14:2509-2526, Published 2002).* (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Wells (Biochemistry 29:8509-8517, 1990).* patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Guo et al. (PNAS, 101: 9205-9210, 2004).* U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. Keskinet al. (Protein Science, 13:1043-1055, 2004).* Thornton et al. (Nature structural Biology, structural genomics (21) Appl. No.: 12/065,251 supplement, Nov. 2000).* Ngo et al., (The Protein Folding Problem and Tertiary Structure (22) PCT Filed: Aug. 30, 2006 Prediction, K. Merz., and S. Le Grand (eds.) pp. 492-495, 1994).* Doerks et al., (TIG, 14:248-250, 1998).* (86). PCT No.: Smith et al. (Nature Biotechnology, 15:1222-1223, 1997).* Bork et al. (TIG, 12:425-427, 1996).* S371 (c)(1), Vom Endt et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Host Plant List of the Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in South Korea
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 3-27-2020 Host plant list of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in South Korea Soo-Jung Suh Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Entomology Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. March 27 2020 INSECTA 26 urn:lsid:zoobank. A Journal of World Insect Systematics org:pub:FCE9ACDB-8116-4C36- UNDI M BF61-404D4108665E 0757 Host plant list of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in South Korea Soo-Jung Suh Plant Quarantine Technology Center/APQA 167, Yongjeon 1-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea 39660 Date of issue: March 27, 2020 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Soo-Jung Suh Host plant list of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in South Korea Insecta Mundi 0757: 1–26 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FCE9ACDB-8116-4C36-BF61-404D4108665E Published in 2020 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P.O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non- marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e.
    [Show full text]