DOCSLIB.ORG

Climatology of Warm Season Heat Waves in Saudi Arabia: a Time-Sensitive Approach

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Climatology of Warm Season Heat Waves in Saudi Arabia: a Time-Sensitive Approach Climatology of warm season heat waves in Saudi Arabia: A time-sensitive approach by Ali Saeed Arifi Alghamdi B.A., King Saud University, 2008 M.A., Towson University, 2014 AN ABSTRACT OF A DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Geography College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2018 Abstract The climate of the Middle East is warming and extreme hot temperature events are becoming more common, as observed by the significant upward trends in mean and extreme temperatures during the last few decades. Climate modeling studies suggest that the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme temperature events are expected to increase as the global and local climate continues to warm. Existing literature about heat waves (HWs) in Saudi Arabia provides information about HW duration using a single index, without considering the observed effects of climate change and the subtropical arid climate. With that in mind, this dissertation provides a series of three stand-alone papers evaluating temporal, geographic, and atmospheric aspects of the character of warm season (May-September) HWs in Saudi Arabia for 1985 to 2014. Chapter 2 examines the temporal behavior(s) of the frequency, duration, and intensity of HWs under the observed recent climate change. Several issues are addressed including the identification of some improved methodological practices for HW indices. A time-sensitive approach to define and detect HWs is proposed and assessed. HW events and their duration are considered as count data; thus, different Poisson models were used for trend detection. Chapter 3 addresses the spatio-temporal patterns of the frequency and intensity of hot days and nights, and HWs. The chapter reemphasizes the importance of considering the on-goings effects of climate warming and applies a novel time-series clustering approach to recognize hot temperature event behavior through time and space. Chapter 4 explores the atmospheric circulation conditions that are associated with warm season HW event occurrence and how different HWs aspects are related to different circulation types. Further, possible teleconnections between HWs and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies of nearby large bodies are examined. Results from Chapters 2 and 3 detected systematic upward trends in maximum and minimum temperatures at most of the 25 stations, suggesting an on-going change in the climatology of the upper-tail of the frequency distribution. The analysis demonstrated the value of using a time-sensitive approach in studying extreme thermal events. Different patterns were observed over time and space not only across stations but also among extreme temperature events (i.e., hot days and nights, and HWs). The overall results suggest that not only local and regional factors, such as elevation, latitude, land cover, atmospheric humidity, and distance from a large body of water, but also large-scale factors such as atmospheric circulation patterns are responsible for the observed temporal and spatial patterns. Chapter 4 confirmed that as the Indian Summer Monsoon Trough and the Arabian heat low were key atmospheric features related to HW days. SST anomalies seemed to be a more important factor for HWs intensity. Extreme thermal events in Saudi Arabia tended to occur during regional warming due to atmospheric circulation conditions and SSTs teleconnections. This study documents the value of a time- sensitive approach and should initiate further research as some of temporal and spatial variabilities were not fully explained. Climatology of warm season heat waves in Saudi Arabia: A time-sensitive approach by Ali Saeed Arifi Alghamdi B.A., King Saud University, 2008 M.A., Towson University, 2014 A DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Geography College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2018 Approved by: Major Professor John A. Harrington, Jr. Copyright © Ali Saeed Arifi Alghamdi 2018. Abstract The climate of the Middle East is warming and extreme hot temperature events are becoming more common, as observed by the significant upward trends in mean and extreme temperatures during the last few decades. Climate modeling studies suggest that the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme temperature events are expected to increase as the global and local climate continues to warm. Existing literature about heat waves (HWs) in Saudi Arabia provides information about HW duration using a single index, without considering the observed effects of climate change and the subtropical arid climate. With that in mind, this dissertation provides a series of three stand-alone papers evaluating temporal, geographic, and atmospheric aspects of the character of warm season (May-September) HWs in Saudi Arabia for 1985 to 2014. Chapter 2 examines the temporal behavior(s) of the frequency, duration, and intensity of HWs under the observed recent climate change. Several issues are addressed including the identification of some improved methodological practices for HW indices. A time-sensitive approach to define and detect HWs is proposed and assessed. HW events and their duration are considered as count data; thus, different Poisson models were used for trend detection. Chapter 3 addresses the spatio-temporal patterns of the frequency and intensity of hot days and nights, and HWs. The chapter reemphasizes the importance of considering the on-goings effects of climate warming and applies a novel time-series clustering approach to recognize hot temperature event behaviors through time and space. Chapter 4 explores the atmospheric circulation conditions that are associated with warm season HW event occurrence and how different HWs aspects are related to different circulation types. Further, possible teleconnections between HWs and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies of nearby large bodies are examined. Results from Chapters 2 and 3 detected systematic upward trends in maximum and minimum temperatures at most of the 25 stations, suggesting an on-going change in the climatology of the upper-tail of the frequency distribution. The analysis demonstrated the value of using a time-sensitive approach in studying extreme thermal events. Different patterns were observed over time and space not only across stations but also among extreme temperature events (i.e., hot days and nights, and HWs). The overall results suggest that not only local and regional factors, such as elevation, latitude, land cover, atmospheric humidity, and distance from a large body of water, but also large-scale factors such as atmospheric circulation patterns are responsible for the observed temporal and spatial patterns. Chapter 4 confirmed that as the Indian Summer Monsoon Trough and the Arabian heat low were key atmospheric features related to HW days. SST anomalies seemed to be a more important factor for HWs intensity. Extreme thermal events in Saudi Arabia tended to occur during regional warming due to atmospheric circulation conditions and SSTs teleconnections. This study documents the value of a time- sensitive approach and should initiate further research as some of temporal and spatial variabilities were not fully explained. Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ xi List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ xv Dedication .................................................................................................................................... xvi Chapter 1 - Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 The Dissertation Outline ...................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Study Area ............................................................................................................................ 8 Chapter 2 - Time-sensitive analysis of a warming climate on heat waves in Saudi Arabia: Temporal patterns and trends ................................................................................................. 10 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 11 2.2 Research Design and Methods ........................................................................................... 14 2.2.1 Study area and data ..................................................................................................... 14 2.2.2 Quality control ............................................................................................................ 16 2.2.3 Heat wave definition ................................................................................................... 18 2.2.3.1 Implications for Subtropical Arid Climates under warming effects ..................... 20 2.2.4 Heat Wave Intensity and Duration .............................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Solar and Shading Potential of Different Configurations of Building
    sustainability Article Solar and Shading Potential of Different Configurations of Building Integrated Photovoltaics Used as Shading Devices Considering Hot Climatic Conditions Omar S. Asfour Department of Architecture, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, P.O. Box 2483, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +966-13-860-3594; Fax: +966-13-860-3210 Received: 23 October 2018; Accepted: 21 November 2018; Published: 23 November 2018 Abstract: This study investigates the use of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) as shading devices in hot climates, with reference to the conditions of Saudi Arabia. It used parametric numerical modelling to critically appraise the potential of eight design configurations in this regard, including vertical and horizontal shading devices with different inclination angles. The study assumed that the examined shading devices could be entirely horizontal or vertical on the three exposed facades, which is common practice in architecture. The study found that the examined configurations offered different solar and shading potentials. However, the case of horizontal BIPV shading devices with a 45◦ tilt angle received the highest amount of annual total insolation (104 kWh/m2) and offered effective window shading of 96% of the total window area on average in summer. The study concluded that, unlike the common recommendation of avoiding horizontal shading devices on eastern and western facades, it is possible in countries characterised with high solar altitudes such as Saudi Arabia to use them effectively to generate electricity and provide the required window shading. Keywords: building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs); solar energy; shading devices; architecture; Saudi Arabia 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Saudi Arabia HVAC-R Market Outlook, 2021
    Saudi Arabia HVAC-R Market Outlook, 2021 Market Intelligence . Consulting Table of Contents S. No. Contents Page No. 1. Saudi Arabia HVAC-R: Key Projects 5 2. Saudi Arabia Thermal Insulation Market Outlook 12 2.1. Market Size & Forecast 2.1.1. By Value 13 2.2. Market Share & Forecast 2.2.1. By Type 14 2.2.2 By Application 15 3. Saudi Arabia District Cooling Market Outlook 16 3.1. Market Size & Forecast 3.1.1. By Value & Volume 17 4. Saudi Arabia Refrigeration Market Outlook 19 4.1. Market Size & Forecast 4.1.1. By Value 20 5. Saudi Arabia HVAC-R Market Outlook 21 5.1. Market Size & Forecast 5.1.1. By Value 23 5.2. Market Share & Forecast 5.2.1. By Region 25 6. Sustainability and Energy Saving in HVAC-R Saudi Arabia Market 30 7. About Us & Disclaimer 37 2 8. About HVACR Expo Saudi 38 © TechSci Research List of Figures Figure No. Figure Title Page No. Figure 1: Saudi Arabia GDP, 2013-2019F (USD Billion) 6 Figure 2: Saudi Arabia Sector-wise Construction Spending Share, 2014 6 Figure 3: Saudi Arabia Thermal Insulation Market Size, By Value, 2011-2021F (USD Million) 13 Figure 4: Saudi Arabia Thermal Insulation Market Share, By Type, By Value, 2015 & 2021F 14 Figure 5: Saudi Arabia Electricity Consumption Share, By Sector, By Value, 2014 14 Figure 6: Saudi Arabia Thermal Insulation Market Share, By Application, By Value, 2015 & 2021F 15 Saudi Arabia District Cooling Market Size, By Value (USD Billion), By Volume (Million Figure 7: 17 TR), 2011-2021F Figure 8: Saudi Arabia District Cooling Market Share in GCC Region, By Value, 2015 18 Figure
    [Show full text]
  • Neolithic Period, North-Western Saudi Arabia
    NEOLITHIC PERIOD, NORTH-WESTERN SAUDI ARABIA Khalid Fayez AlAsmari PhD UNIVERSITY OF YORK ARCHAEOLOGY SEPTEMBER 2019 Abstract During the past four decades, the Neolithic period in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) had received little academic study, until recently. This was due to the previous widely held belief that the Arabian Peninsula had no sites dating back to this time period, as well as few local researchers and the scarcity of foreign research teams. The decline in this belief over the past years, however, has led to the realisation of the importance of the Neolithic in this geographical part of the world for understanding the development and spread of early farming. As well as gaining a better understanding of the cultural attribution of the Neolithic in KSA, filling the chronological gaps in this historical era in KSA is vital, as it is not well understood compared to many neighbouring areas. To address this gap in knowledge, this thesis aims to consider whether the Northwest region of KSA was an extension of the Neolithic developments in the Levant or an independent culture, through presenting the excavation of the Neolithic site of AlUyaynah. Despite surveys and studies that have been conducted in the KSA, this study is the first of its kind, because the site "AlUyaynah", which is the focus of this dissertation, is the first excavation of a site dating back to the pre-pottery Neolithic (PPN). Therefore, the importance of this study lies in developing an understanding of Neolithic characteristics in the North-Western part of the KSA. Initially, the site was surveyed and then three trenches were excavated to study the remaining levels of occupation.
    [Show full text]
  • Rainfall Trends and Extremes in Saudi Arabia in Recent Decades
    atmosphere Article Rainfall Trends and Extremes in Saudi Arabia in Recent Decades Mansour Almazroui Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research/Department of Meteorology, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] Received: 24 July 2020; Accepted: 8 September 2020; Published: 10 September 2020 Abstract: The observed records of recent decades show increased economic damage associated with flash flooding in different regions of Saudi Arabia. An increase in extreme rainfall events may cause severe repercussions for the socio-economic sectors of the country. The present study investigated the observed rainfall trends and associated extremes over Saudi Arabia for the 42-year period of 1978–2019. It measured the contribution of extreme events to the total rainfall and calculated the changes to mean and extreme rainfall events over five different climate regions of Saudi Arabia. Rainfall indices were constructed by estimating the extreme characteristics associated with daily rainfall frequency and intensity. The analysis reveals that the annual rainfall is decreasing 1 (5.89 mm decade− , significant at the 90% level) over Saudi Arabia for the entire analysis period, while it increased in the most recent decade. On a monthly scale, the most significant increase 1 1 (5.44 mm decade− ) is observed in November and the largest decrease (1.20 mm decade− ) in January. The frequency of intense rainfall events is increasing for the majority of stations over Saudi Arabia, while the frequency of weak events is decreasing. More extreme rainfall events are occurring in the northwest, east, and southwest regions of Saudi Arabia.
    [Show full text]
  • Rooftop PV Potential in the Residential Sector of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    buildings Article Rooftop PV Potential in the Residential Sector of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Mohammed Mumtaz A. Khan 1,*, Muhammad Asif 2 and Edgar Stach 3 1 Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia 2 Architectural Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 3 College of Architecture and the Built Environment, College of Design, Engineering and Commerce, Philadelphia University, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +966 13 860 7132 Academic Editor: Gianpiero Evola Received: 9 March 2017; Accepted: 1 June 2017; Published: 5 June 2017 Abstract: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has a fast growing building sector driven by factors like burgeoning population, economic and infrastructure development and modernization. Buildings, owing to their energy intensive operation, are imposing significant energy, environmental and economic burdens for the country. To overcome these challenges and improve the sustainability levels in the building and energy sectors, it has been decided to develop 9500 MWs of renewable energy projects by 2023. Given the annual solar radiation level of over 2200 kWh/m2, solar energy is expected to play the predominant role in achieving this target. Traditionally, KSA’s emphasis has been to pursue large-scale energy projects. Globally, however, small scale and building related projects have significantly contributed to the rapid growth of solar energy. Application of solar technologies in buildings is one of the important areas that has been ignored in the country. This paper explores the potential for rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) in KSA’s residential sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Staying Cool in a Warming Climate: Temperature, Electricity and Air Conditioning in Saudi Arabia
    climate Article Staying Cool in A Warming Climate: Temperature, Electricity and Air Conditioning in Saudi Arabia Nicholas Howarth 1,*, Natalia Odnoletkova 2, Thamir Alshehri 1 , Abdullah Almadani 1 , Alessandro Lanza 1 and Tadeusz Patzek 2 1 King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Centre (KAPSARC), P.O. Box 88550, Riyadh 11672, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (T.A.); [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (A.L.) 2 Ali I. Al-Naimi Petroleum Engineering Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) 4700, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (N.O.); [email protected] (T.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +966-54-845-7171 Received: 26 November 2019; Accepted: 28 December 2019; Published: 3 January 2020 Abstract: As global temperatures warm and populations and incomes rise, the demand for cooling will soar, creating a positive feedback loop between global warming and electricity-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This study explores the relationship between temperature, electricity, air conditioning (AC) and CO2 emissions, and the sustainability of cooling in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. With the highest share of AC in household electricity consumption in the world and its already very hot summers warming by 3 ◦C in many areas over the last 40 years, Saudi Arabia provides an important case study of how the cooling challenge can be managed. Data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF ERA5) is used to illustrate local warming trends (1979–2018) and show the relationship between temperature and power generation within a typical year using hourly data (2011–2015).
    [Show full text]
  • Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency
    Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency Forty Sixth Annual Report The Latest Economic Developments 1431H (2010G) Research and Statistics Department SAUDI ARABIAN MONETARY AGENCY (SAMA) BOARD OF DIRECTORS 1. H.E. The Governor, Dr. Muhammad Al-Jasser Chairman 2. H.E. The Vice Governor, Dr. Abdulrahman Abdullah Al-Hamidy Vice Chairman 3. H.E. Mr. Abdulaziz Bin Zaid Al-Quraishi 4. H.E. Mr. Muhammad Obaid Bin Sa’eed Bin Zagar 5. H.E. Mr. Abdulaziz Bin Muhammad Al-Athel Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency — 46th Annual Report FOREWORD It gives me pleasure to present, in the name of the Board of Directors, the Forty-Sixth Annual Report of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which reviews latest developments witnessed by the Saudi economy during fiscal year 1430/31H (2009) and the first quarter of fiscal year 1431/32H (2010). The Report covers various areas of the domestic economy, including monetary developments, banking activity, capital market, prices, public finance, national accounts, foreign trade and balance of payments in addition to other productive sectors such as oil, industry, electricity, agriculture, water, transport, telecommunications and others. The Report also provides an overview of latest global economic and financial developments. The Report mainly relies on official data obtained from ministries, Government departments and public sector enterprises, in addition to a host of data issued by SAMA itself. I would like to thank all ministries and entities, whose names are indicated in the tables of the Report, for their cooperation in making available valuable information and data for the preparation of this Report. The Report gives full description of SAMA's functions such as conducting monetary policy and supervising commercial banks and cooperative insurance activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Saudi Arabia's Creative Change of (He)Art?
    MIDDLE EAST STUDIES PROGRAM IMES CAPSTONE PAPER SERIES SAUDI ARABIA’S CREATIVE CHANGE OF (HE)ART? Dani Leigh Thompson MAY 2020 MIDDLE EAST STUDIES PROGRAM AND INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE EAST STUDIES THE ELLIOTT SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY 1 This paper is dedicated to my bright little sister Sami Thompson َ َرا ِﺟﻌﻮن ِإِﻟَ ْﯿﮫ َوإِﻧﱠـﺎ ِ ِ ّ' إِﻧﱠﺎ Art offers substitutive satisfactions for the oldest and still most deeply felt cultural renunciations, and for that reason it serves as nothing else than to reconcile a man to the sacrifices he has made on behalf of civilization. On the other hand, the creations of art heighten his feeling of identification, of which every cultural unit stands in so much need, by providing an occasion for sharing highly valued emotional experiences. And when those creations picture the achievements of his particular culture and bring to his mind in an impressive manner, they also minister to his narcissistic satisfaction. -Sigmund Freud, in the Future of an Illusion (1964) 2 كش ر ا زج ي ليز Thank you to my Mom and Dad for your patient love and constant support during this project. I am grateful to the Institute for Middle East Studies for the research opportunity, especially to my advisor Dr. Nathan J. Brown for guiding me in my research. A special thank you to the following individuals for helping me bring this project into fruition: Professor Mona Atia, Dr. Shana Marshall, Sultan Alamer, Sultan Sood Al Qassemi, Kristin Smith Diwan, Dr. Sean Foley, Ana Jowzik, Sanam Aghdaey, Claire Duguid, Joey Spadafore, Colin Silva, Patrick Phippen, David New, Anna Lamb, Makena Miller, and Yunus Peer.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Abbas.Pdf
    © Abdullah Abdo Ahmed Abbas 2013 iii iv DEDICATION To all my family, who offered me unconditional love and support all the way since the beginning of my study v ACKNOWLEDGMENT All praise and thanks are due to my Lord, ALLAH SUBHAN WA TAALA, for giving me the health, knowledge and patience to complete this work. My sincere gratitude goes to my advisor Dr. Shakhawat Hossain Chowdhury who guided me with his dedicated attention, expertise and knowledge throughout this research. I am also grateful to my Committee Members Dr. Muhammad Abdallah Al-Zahrani and Dr. Muhammad Shariq Vohra for their constructive guidance and support. Thanks are also due to the Chairman of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Dr. Nedal T. Ratrout, secretary for providing aid and to other staff members who helped me directly or indirectly. Special thanks are due to my colleagues in the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, for their aid and support. Thanks are also due to all my friends for their support and encouragement. My heartfelt gratitude is for my beloved father, mother, my wife and my kids as well as my brothers and sisters who always support me with their love, patience, encouragement and prayers. I would like to thank all members of my family for their moral support throughout my study. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................................ VI LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Impacts of Climate Change on Road Traffic Accidents in Saudi
    climate Article The Impacts of Climate Change on Road Traffic Accidents in Saudi Arabia Md. Mazharul Islam 1,* , Majed Alharthi 1 and Md. Mahmudul Alam 2 1 Department of Finance, COB, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia 2 School of Economics, Finance & Banking, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah 06010, Malaysia * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 15 July 2019; Accepted: 28 August 2019; Published: 30 August 2019 Abstract: The potential costs of road traffic accidents (RTAs) to society are immense. Yet, no study has attempted to examine the impact of climate change on RTAs in Saudi Arabia, though RTA-leading deaths are very high, and the occurrence of climatic events is very frequent. Therefore, this study aims to assess the impact of climate change on RTAs in Saudi Arabia and to recommend some climate change mitigation and adaptation policies to make roads safe for all. This study employed annual data from 13 regions of Saudi Arabia, from 2003 to 2013. The data were analyzed on the basis of panel regression models—fixed effect, random effect, and the pooled ordinary least square. The findings show that temperature, rainfall, sandstorms, and number of vehicles were statistically and significantly responsible for RTAs in Saudi Arabia in the study period. This study also found that RTAs both inside and outside cities significantly caused injuries, but only RTAs inside cities significantly caused death. Furthermore, the death from RTAs injuries was found to be statistically significant only for motor vehicle accidents. The findings will assist policymakers in taking the right courses of action to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change through understanding climate influence on RTAs.
    [Show full text]
  • Analyzing and Designing an Off-Grid Commercial Library Building at Najran University in the Hot Arid Climate of Najran, Saudi Arabia
    Analyzing and Designing an Off-Grid Commercial Library Building at Najran University in the Hot Arid Climate of Najran, Saudi Arabia Item Type text; Electronic Thesis Authors Almazam, Khaled Ali Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 07/10/2021 17:24:32 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625312 ANALYZING AND DESIGNING AN OFF-GRID COMMERCIAL LIBRARY BUILDING AT NAJRAN UNIVERSITY IN THE HOT ARID CLIMATE OF NAJRAN, SAUDI ARABIA by Khaled Almazam ___________________________ Copyright © Khaled Almazam 2017 A Thesis Submitted to The Faculty Of the SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2017 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR The thesis titled Analyzing and Designing an Off-grid Commercial Library Building at Najran University in the Hot Arid Climate of Najran, Saudi Arabia prepared by Khaled Ali Almazam has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for a master’s degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that an accurate acknowledgement of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Aerosol Concentration Over Saudi Arabia Using Satellite Remote Sensing Techniques
    GEOGRAFIA OnlineTM Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 12 issue 4 (1 - 11) 1 © 2016, ISSN 2180-2491 Spatio-temporal analysis of aerosol concentration over Saudi Arabia using satellite remote sensing techniques Md. Arfan Ali1, Mazen Ebraheem Assiri1 1Department of Meteorology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA Correspondence: Md. Arfan Ali (email: [email protected]) Abstract Aerosols are a principal factor in altering climatic dynamics both at regional and global scales. Saudi Arabia is highly affected by aerosols particulates mainly due to the frequent sand and dust storm events in the region. In this context, this study examined Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep Blue (DB) Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) variability both from Terra and Aqua satellites and its relationship with temperature for the period 2002-2007.A comparison between Terra and Aqua DB AOD products were also made in this study. The annual mean AOD analysis based on Terra and Aqua showed a decreasing and increasing trend respectively. Results of the study also showed that the temperature had a strong correlation with Terra DB AOD (r =0.79) than Aqua DB AOD (r =0.68). Overall, DB algorithm was found to be well enough for the assessment of aerosol variability to be conducted over Saudi Arabia. Keywords: aerosol, aqua, deep blue algorithm, MODIS, temperature, terra Introduction Atmospheric aerosols such as dust, tobacco smoke, pollen, volcanic dust, mist, fog, sea salts, oceanic sulphates, industrial sulphates, anthropogenic aerosols, pollen, soot (Black carbon), organic particles and some toxic pollutants are emitted from an extensive assortment of anthropogenic and natural activities (Gupta et al., 2013).
    [Show full text]