DCT Newsletter 65 February 2019
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TRUST TOPICS Doncaster Civic Trust Newsletter © Issue No. 65 February 2019 Contents Page 2 Viking Street Names Page 3 Members’ News: Events The Trust needs your help Pages 4-8 John Butterfield, Doncaster Designer The Market Hall Page 8 Heritage Plaques: Criteria Page 9-10 Education Initiatives: Past, Present & Future Page 11 Planning Matters Page 12 The Back Page: A Winter Stroll 2019 Heritage Walks The Guildhall, Frenchgate Image: Postcard by E L Scrivens John Butterfield 1800 -1875 Designer of some of the town’s most important buildings Doncaster Civic Trust : Founded in 1946 website: www.doncastercivictrust.org.uk email: [email protected] telephone: 01302 538225 Registered Charity No. 508674 1 The Long and Winding Road, or What have the Vikings ever done for us? When I was a child in a small mining village (many decades ago), a trip to the seaside was a real event. It happened perhaps once or twice a year, usually by coach, laid on by the Miners’ Welfare Club. And I remember that the journey was a long one - a couple of hours, maybe? So, how is it that the reverse journey - from the seaside to the Doncaster area - seems to have been so easy for one of Doncaster’s most prolific visitors, the Vikings? We do have a lovely river, which is still navigable today. But surely it must have been a pretty large waterway a thousand or so years ago, to entice so many Viking boats along it. And how do we know there was a lot of Viking traffic in this region? Well, as Shakespeare wrote: “What’s in a name?” If you look at a map of central Doncaster, notice how many gates there apparently were into the town. Marshgate, Frenchgate, Low Fishergate, High Fishergate, St George Gate, Baxtergate (or Baker Street), St Sepulchre Gate, Hall Gate, East Laith Gate, West Laith Gate. Have I missed any? Clearly a small town doesn’t need such a lot of gates, but these were not gates as we know the word today. In the modern day Scandinavian languages, the word “gata” simply means “street”. Look at a map of York, that famous Viking settlement of Jorvik, and you will see Micklegate, Fossgate, Fishergate, St Saviourgate and many more Although we do have a lot of “gates” in Doncaster, the beginning of the street name is sometimes blatantly derived from Latin. This gives us an odd mix of Roman and Viking in one street name. Leaving the town centre behind, if we look at our village names, we find many another link to Viking visitors. Here are three present day Swedish words to think about: “by” = “village”, “torp” = “farmstead”, and “borg” = “stronghold” Can you find these words in the Doncaster area? My own list starts with Balby, Denaby, Cadeby, and Barnby Dun. Then Armthorpe, Thorpe in Balne, Scawthorpe, Hexthorpe. Then a smattering of “borg” names, all very close to each other: Sprotbrough, Mexborough, Conisbrough, and Barnburgh. Although the “villages” and “farms” are well spread out, as you would expect, I wondered at first why there should be so many fortified buildings to give us a lot of “strongholds” in a small area. Now I think that perhaps it was a case of Sprot-next-the-castle and Mex-next-the- castle. The castle, of course, is Conisbrough. Present day Swedish would say “Konungensborg” or “The King’s Castle”. Incidentally, our present reigning monarch has a title which derives from the Vikings. We do not use their word for “the king’s wife” or a reigning female, which is “drottning”. Nor do we routinely use the Roman form “regina”. Instead we call Elizabeth II “Queen”, which derives from “kvinna”, the Swedish word for “woman”. Back to the place names: it’s interesting to follow the trail on a map to other parts of the country. For instance, looking further afield, there is a Baxtergate, which means Baker Street (along with other “-gates”) in Whitby. Note the name, Whit by . And there is another Baxtergate in Loughborough, which also has various other “-gates”. And, yes, Loughborough is a long way inland. But it is called Lough borough. Those Vikings really got around, didn’t they? Chris Andrews 2 Members’ News Winter Programme 2019 All events will take place at St Peter’s RC Church Hall, Chequer Road. All on Thursdays at 7.30 pm and please now enter by the front door. 2019 14 February Ian Stevenson on “Place Names” 14 March Valerie and Michael Oxley and Julia Colver on “Life at Firbeck Hall in the Eighteenth Century” 11 April Ruth Garratt on “The Canal and River Trust” The Trust needs your help: We need a new Magazine Editor and Executive Committee Members Over the past few years the Trust has expanded its activities to include Heritage Walks, an extensive Education Programme and revived tree planting activities. At the same time we have continued with our usual planning role and a programme of speakers. We have also commissioned a video about our work. Membership levels are much higher than 5 years ago. So we are very busy. But we are having problems. Several people are doing too many jobs. We need more volunteers to help us. As a start to resolving the difficulties we would like someone to take over the editing of Trust Topics. Many societies have abandoned magazines such as ours which are sent to every member, but we know that Trust Topics is very popular and we wish to continue with it. We will show you what to do but you will need some computer skills and, of course, a computer, an email address and an internet connection. The role currently includes sending out the magazine too but we are looking at contracting out that element. So, if you are interested, please contact the Secretary, Archie Sinclair on 538225 or the Membership Secretary, Peter Coote on 532202, or e-mail us at the address below. We hope to hear from you. Another problem is that the numbers on our Executive Committee are falling. We have had 2 resignations recently and no volunteers have come forward to take their places. The Committee now has 16 members. It meets every 2 months. If you might be interested please let us know. We can send an example of a copy of the minutes to give you some idea of the topics we cover. Volunteering for the Executive is interesting and not onerous. We are very keen to bring in new faces to the Executive, where they can learn how the Trust operates. One day they may feel ready to take on a bigger role as one of the Trust’s officers. Trust Topics is edited by: Archie Sinclair, 43 Ellers Avenue, Bessacarr, Doncaster DN4 7DY email: [email protected] telephone: 01302 538225 3 Doncaster Architects No 10: John Butterfield, the Corporation Steward John Butterfield did not claim to be an architect but he did have a major impact on early Victorian Doncaster by designing the town’s most important public buildings. He was born in Horsforth near Leeds on 18th August 1800. His father, also called John, was a carpenter. By 1819 the family had moved to Doncaster but we know nothing more for nearly 20 years. By 1838 John Butterfield the younger seems to have been self-employed because he was asked by Doncaster Corporation in September of that year to value timber at Rossington for £60. In January 1839 he was described as a ‘respected valuer of trees’. Only a few weeks later Butterfield became an employee of the Corporation when he was appointed to ‘manage the estates and woods and to superintend the different works and workmen of the Corporation’. Shortly afterwards he was also appointed bailiff. Later he was referred to as the Steward as well as the Surveyor. In this article we will look only at his architectural work. First Work In 1840 the Corporation instructed that two cottages should be built at the brickyard at Sandall, one at each entrance, under John Butterfield’s direction. It seems possible that he designed the cottages as his first work. (The site is now Sandall Park.) The Markets and the Guildhall In 1837 the Corporation decided that the market needed to be modernised. Improvements had been made piecemeal; trade was falling with the decline of the coaching trade and with no main line railway. Despite their concern it was not until 1840 that they had all the market and surrounding streets surveyed with a view to formulating an improvement plan. Various options were considered over the next few years. Then, in 1843, a decision was made to replace the open-air Corn Market. Local architects Hurst and Moffatt submitted plans for a new covered Corn Market but these were rejected. Instead, John Butterfield was asked to design it. The building was open on three sides with iron pillars supporting a glass and slate roof and was described as looking like a railway station. In 1845 the Corporation paid him £20 for a ‘very able and efficient plan’ and congratulated themselves that they had saved the cost of an architect. (The building was located near what was later the Irish Market.) The new Market House or Market Hall as built in 1849 4 Plans now moved forward for the re-development of the rest of the market. The Corporation decided to erect a market hall for meat, poultry, butter, fish and vegetables. Apart from the clearance of most of the old market buildings it also involved the demolition of the Town Hall which had been in the Market Place for 300 years.