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Yorkshire Archaeology Today YORKSHIRE No.20 ARCHAEOLOGY TODAY Intaglios from York Possibly the earliest Christian artefact from Roman Britain? Inside: YORK Hungate Update ARCHAEOLOGICAL Conisbrough TRUST Micklegate Bar and the Battle of Towton Yorkshire Archaeology Today Spring 2011 Contents Number 20 Editor: Richard Hall Hungate 2011 1 Photo editing, typesetting, design & layout: Lesley Collett Intaglios from York 7 Printed by B&B Press, Rotherham Yorkshire Archaeology Today Micklegate Bar and the Battle of Towton 10 is published twice a year. UK subscriptions: £10.00 a year. A Conundrum in Conisbrough 12 Overseas subscriptions: £14.00 (sterling) a year. To subscribe please send a cheque payable to New Ways to Visualize the Past 16 Yorkshire Archaeology Today to: York Archaeological Trust, 47 Aldwark People First: 18 YO1 7BX Community Archaeology for or through Postgiro/CPP to: People with Learning Difficulties ACCOUNT 647 2753 National Giro, Bootle, Merseyside, GIR 0AA Yorkshire Archaeology Today is published by York Archaeological Trust. Editorial and contributors’ views are independent and do not necessarily reflect the official view of the Trust. Copyright of all original YAT material reserved; reproduction by prior editorial permission only. © York Archaeological Trust, May 2011 York Archaeological Trust is a registered charity, Charity No. 509060: A company limited by guarantee without share capital in England number 1430801. Tel: 01904 663000 Email: [email protected] http://www.yorkarchaeology.co.uk ISSN 1474-4562 Unless stated otherwise, illustrations are by Lesley Collett and Ian Milsted; photos are by Mike Andrews and members of YAT staff and are © York Archaeological Trust Cover Photos: Intaglios from Wellington Row, Coppergate and Hungate. Photos: Mike Andrews 1 oday t rchaeology a orkshire y Looking East across a frozen Block H, December 2010 Hungate 2011: The Final Year! xciting times down at Hungate! This of time, not just within the context of our Eis the last year of the large Block H daily lives but also within our understanding excavation. It is hard to believe that four of archaeological time. However, before we years have already passed and that there is get misty-eyed about the passing of time less than a year left on this core part of the let’s turn to what Hungate has in store for project. It seems like only six months since the YAT team during 2011. we published Yorkshire Archaeology Today 12, within which we laid out our five year Anyone with even half an eye on the plan for the project, as time has passed so weather will have noticed that the past quickly. This quickening of time may seem winter was far from kind to us and the same even more acute for the staff involved in can be said about the effects of the deep the Hungate project as the first four years freeze on the excavation process at Hungate. of the excavation have appeared to pass in The end of 2010 and the start of 2011 saw the blink of an eye. This is a rather peculiar Hungate caught in a twilight world of what phenomenon for archaeologists to deal started to appear like permafrost where the with when considering that we are used to ground was frozen to such a depth that the experiencing hundreds, if not thousands, best efforts to reach an excavation position of years on our excavations. This certainly below the frost line was thwarted by the makes us sit up and think about perceptions weather at nearly every turn. 2 oday t rchaeology a orkshire y Known Roman burials It was only with the coming of the leaving the Block H set for a thorough clean, within Block H as of JORVIK Viking Festival in February that and by expending a good piece of TLC on the end of 2010. More the site started to pick up again. The free the trench the rest of the year ahead has burials have now been Hungate Open Day held as part of the been set up for the conclusion of the Block found in the northern Viking Festival saw 680 visitors pass through H excavation. And what does the rest of the corner of the site our doors during five hours which was a fillip year hold? Well, it certainly looks like 2011 to everyone. Upon the crest of this wave of will be dominated by the archaeology of the public enthusiasm for the work that YAT 1st millennium AD. does, the project continued with a renewed forward momentum into the spring. In Yorkshire Archaeology Today 19 we reported on part of a 3rd century AD Roman A period of careful and delicate machine cemetery that had been found within the excavation was carried out in early March southern part of the Block H excavation Looking East into the interior of Building 4. 3 The entrance into this building can be seen on the right of this image and some of the structural postholes oday t within the building can easily be seen to the left of centre rchaeology a orkshire y A detailed interior shot of Building 4, looking south. What relationship the large pit in the middle of this image has to Building 4 is still not understood as this article goes to press area. Further excavation through the autumn Roman cemetery has been found within the of 2010 revealed more Roman burials and northern corner of the site. As this article cremations within the eastern part of the site, goes to press at least another six burials and with the removal of large post-Roman have been found in the northern part of the dumped and terraced deposits more of this trench, another four probable burials have 4 oday t rchaeology a orkshire y Interior of Building 5, been located within the eastern part of the April this year. The first of these discoveries looking south-west. The site and there are hints and suggestion that came with the realisation that the Hungate two stone foundations there will be more to come. team had uncovered at least two more late at the south-west end 10th century AD Sunken Featured Buildings of the building that Along with the burials a Roman ditch that (SFBs), Buildings 4 and 5, that lay to the rear appear to form the was first traced through the Block H1 area back of similar buildings that had been found close entrance to Building 5 in 2008 and picked up last year to the north to the eastern edge of Hungate (see Yorkshire may have also related in Block H2 has now been found to continue Archaeology Today 16). to an earlier feature right through to the northern corner of the site. Over the last few seasons at least four There are some intriguing differences burials have been recovered from this ditch between Buildings 4 and 5 and those that line, cut into the backfill of the ditch after it were excavated during 2008–2009. Firstly had fallen out of use, and it is expected that the entrances to the two new buildings face this similar pattern may continue along the towards Hungate whereas all the previous newly uncovered length of this ditch. Other buildings had back entrances facing away intriguing probable Roman features have from Hungate. Also, these entrances appear also now been uncovered and some of these to be more substantial in their construction features may be associated with the ditch. By than had been seen with Buildings 1 to 3. the end of 2011 a better understanding of Another striking difference is that Building 4 this Roman burial landscape will be one of (located nearest the northern corner of the the main achievements of the project. site) is oriented northwest–southeast where as all of the other buildings are oriented But of course the excitement of new southwest–northeast, including the newly discoveries cannot be left to the Romans and discovered Building 5. In addition, and taking further Viking Age discoveries have come into consideration that no anoxic waterlogged thick and fast from late February to early conditions have been encountered, the team Location of late 10th century buildings 5 within Block H oday t rchaeology a orkshire y has revealed that Buildings 4 and 5 were event due to subsidence into earlier cess subject to more extensive removal and pits. Building 6 measures 7.40m southwest– robbing of timbers after they had fallen out northeast by 5.10m southeast–northwest and, of use than had been seen elsewhere. taking into consideration the thickness of the foundations, probably had a single interior If two, and possibly three, new SFBs room that measured 6.30m southwest– weren’t enough, a new type of building northeast by 3.20m southeast–northwest. (Building 6) has also been found within Based on the surviving foundations the the central part of the site. The first thing entrance passage leading into this building that is apparent with Building 6 is that would have been at least 4m long and 1.4m although it had been badly truncated during wide with walls up to 0.8m thick. Thus, development within the area carried out in Building 6 would appear to be a substantial the 1950s, there is enough left to reveal that well-built structure very different in nature to it had not been cut deep into the terrain like the surrounding buildings. the surrounding buildings. Secondly, Building 6 apparently had substantial stone-filled Another striking difference between foundations which were later robbed out, Building 6 and the surrounding SFBs is the and it also had a substantial stone-founded fact that it straddles two of the plots that entrance, which had survived the robbing had been excavated during the 2009 and 6 oday t rchaeology a orkshire y The substantial stone 2010 seasons whereas the other buildings all other five or six buildings that have already foundations of Building lie within plot boundaries.
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