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History of Meals for Millions, Soy, and Freedom from Hunger (1946-2011)

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History of Meals for Millions, Soy, and Freedom from Hunger (1946-2011) MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDOM FROM HUNGER 1 HISTORY OF MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDOM FROM HUNGER (1946-2011): EXTENSIVELY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCEBOOK Copyright © 2011 by Soyinfo Center MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDOM FROM HUNGER 2 Copyright © 2011 by Soyinfo Center MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDOM FROM HUNGER 3 HISTORY OF MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDOM FROM HUNGER (1946-2011): EXTENSIVELY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCEBOOK Compiled by William Shurtleff & Akiko Aoyagi 2011 Copyright © 2011 by Soyinfo Center MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDOM FROM HUNGER 4 Copyright (c) 2011 by William Shurtleff & Akiko Aoyagi All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information and retrieval systems - except for use in reviews, without written permission from the publisher. Published by: Soyinfo Center P.O. Box 234 Lafayette, CA 94549-0234 USA Phone: 925-283-2991 Fax: 925-283-9091 www.soyinfocenter.com [email protected] ISBN 978-1-928914-32-7 (Meals for Millions, Soy, and Freedom from Hunger: Bibliography and Sourcebook) Printed 8 Feb. 2011 Price: Available on the Web free of charge Search engine keywords: History of Meals for Millions Foundation Timeline Meals for Millions Foundation History of Multi-purpose Food Biography of Clifford Edmond Clinton Biography of Clifford E. Clinton Biography of Clifford Clinton Clifford E. Clinton and soy Timeline of Clifford Edmond Clinton History of Freedom from Hunger Foundation Timeline of Freedom from Hunger Foundation Biography of Henry Borsook of Caltech Henry Borsook and soy Henry Borsook and soybeans Meals for Millions and soy Meals for Millions and soybeans Meals for Millions and soy grits Meals for Millions and famine relief Copyright © 2011 by Soyinfo Center MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDOM FROM HUNGER 5 Contents Page Dedication and Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................................. 6 Introduction and Brief Chronology, by William Shurtleff ....................................................................................... 7 About This Book .......................................................................................................................................................... 11 Abbreviations Used in This Book .............................................................................................................................. 12 How to Make the Best Use of This Digital Book - Search It! ................................................................................. 13 History of Meals for Millions, Soy, and Freedom from Hunger: 373 References in Chronological Order ...... 15 72 photographs and illustrations Subject/Geographical Index by Record Numbers ................................................................................................. 175 Last page of Index .................................................................................................................................................... 195 Copyright © 2011 by Soyinfo Center MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDOM FROM HUNGER 6 DEDICATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Japanese translation and maps: Akiko Aoyagi Shurtleff. Loma Linda University, Del E. Webb Memorial Library This book is dedicated to Clifford E. Clinton (Seventh-day Adventist): Janice Little, Trish Chapman. and Henry Borsook, PhD of Caltech We would also like to thank our co-workers and friends at Soyinfo Center who, since 1984, have played a major role in collecting the documents, building the library, and Part of the enjoyment of writing a book lies in meeting producing the SoyaScan database from which this book is people from around the world who share a common interest, printed: and in learning from them what is often the knowledge or skills acquired during a lifetime of devoted research or Irene Yen, Tony Jenkins, Sarah Chang, Laurie Wilmore, practice. We wish to give deepest thanks... Alice Whealey, Simon Beaven, Elinor McCoy, Patricia McKelvey, Claire Wickens, Ron Perry, Walter Lin, Dana Scott, Jeremy Longinotti, John Edelen, Alex Lerman, Lydia Of the many libraries and librarians who have been of great Lam, Gretchen Muller, Joyce Mao, Luna Oxenberg, Joelle help to our research over the years, several stand out: Bouchard, Justine Lam, Joey Shurtleff, Justin Hildebrandt, Michelle Chun, Olga Kochan, Loren Clive, Marina Li, University of California at Berkeley: John Creaser, Lois Rowyn McDonald, Casey Brodsky, Hannah Woodman, Farrell, Norma Kobzina, Ingrid Radkey. Elizabeth Hawkins, Molly Howland, Jacqueline Tao. Northern Regional Library Facility (NRLF), Richmond, Special thanks to Tom and Linda Wolfe of Berwyn Park, California: Martha Lucero, Jutta Wiemhoff, Scott Miller, Maryland. Virginia Moon, Kay Loughman. For outstanding help on this book we thank: Donald Stanford University: Molly Molloy, who has been of special Clinton, Chris Dodson, Nelda Clinton, Henry Borsook, Eve help on Slavic-language documents. Borsook, Jean Clinton Roeschlaub, Hewage Jayasena, Mark H. Sterner, Eric Howes, Patrick T. Widner. National Agricultural Library: Susan Chapman, Carol Ditzler, John Forbes, Winnifred Gelenter, Henry Gilbert, Finally our deepest thanks to Tony Cooper of San Ramon, Kim Hicks, Patricia Krug, Veronica Lefebvre, Julie Mangin, California, who has kept our computers up and running Ellen Mann, Josephine McDowell, Wayne Olson, Mike since Sept. 1983. Without Tony, this series of books on the Thompson, Tanner Wray. Web would not have been possible. Library of Congress: Ronald Jackson, Ronald Roache. This book, no doubt and alas, has its share of errors. These, of course, are solely the responsibility of William Shurtleff. Lane Medical Library at Stanford University. This bibliography and sourcebook was written with the Contra Costa County Central Library and Lafayette Library: hope that someone will write a detailed and well- Carole Barksdale, Kristen Wick, Barbara Furgason, Sherry documented history of this subject. Cartmill, Linda Barbero. Harvard University’s Five Botanical Libraries (especially Arnold Arboretum Library): Jill Gelmers Thomas. French translation: Martine Liguori of Lafayette, California, for ongoing, generous, and outstanding help since the early 1980s. Copyright © 2011 by Soyinfo Center MEALS FOR MILLIONS, SOY, AND FREEDOM FROM HUNGER 7 INTRODUCTION Brief Chronology of Meals for Millions, Soy and 1931 – Clifford Clinton and with his wife move from San Freedom from Hunger Francisco to Los Angeles to establish a new kind of restaurant. Their three children – Edmond (born in 1921), . The Meals for Millions Foundation was a pioneer in Jean (1923), and Donald (1926) – follow six months later introducing the world to the high nutritional value, high (Donald Clinton, Dec. 2010). protein content, and low cost of soy from 1946 to 1983. 1931 July – Clifton’s Cafeteria: The Cafeteria of the Golden 1900 Aug. 3 – Clifford Edmond Clinton is born in Rule, opens at 618 S. Olive St. in downtown Los Angeles. Berkeley, California, the third of ten children (nine As a result of his experience in China, he decides to apply a survived childhood). His parents are both devout Christians principle of “practical Christianity” and never to refuse a and active in the Salvation Army. They live in Berkeley and meal to a person who could not afford to pay for it. It soon own (and manage) a restaurant named Dennets in San became a written policy: “No guest need go hungry for lack Francisco. of funds.” Since the Great Depression is beginning to gain momentum, there are many residents of Los Angeles who 1905 – Clifford Clinton travels to China (for the first time) fall into this category. In the first 90 days, 10,000 free meals with his missionary parents and 2-3 sisters – they are are served to those who could not pay (Donald Clinton, Feb. supported by their restaurant. They return to California in 2011). 1906 to rebuild the restaurant which was destroyed by the San Francisco earthquake and fire. Clifford was too young 1932 Oct. 10 – Clinton opens his Penny Cafeteria in the to remember much about this trip (Donald Clinton, Dec. basement of a building at Third and Hill Streets –in the 2010). depths of the Depression. About two million meals were fed there. during the two years that it was open (E.M.S. 1946). 1910 – With the family restaurant business again profitable, the Clinton family (except for little Anna, who stayed home 1935 – Clifton’s Brookdale is opened at 7th and Broadway with Grandma Hall) returns to China, but this time to south (over 40,000 square feet, 5 floors, at 648 South Broadway) China and the area around Canton. The family works at a in Los Angeles. Its interior is reminiscent of the California Christian orphanage for the blind. Clifford, age 10, is now redwood groves with waterfalls and brooks inside. able to understand much more about daily life in China – and he is deeply moved by what he sees. His job is to go 1937-1938 – Clifford Clinton is deeply involved in a around each morning to collect the blind baby girls that campaign to clean up Los Angeles politics (Time magazine, have been left outdoors to die (girls are considered more 27 June 1938; Clifton’s Food for Thot, 12 March 1970). expendable than boys) and to bring them back to the orphanage. He also sees the hunger and starvation around 1939 – The first Clifton’s Cafeteria is remodeled
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