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THE SOUTHEASTERN CHURCHILL PROVINCE REVISITED: U–Pb GEOCHRONOLOGY, REGIONAL CORRELATIONS, and the ENIGMATIC ORMA DOMAIN

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THE SOUTHEASTERN CHURCHILL PROVINCE REVISITED: U–Pb GEOCHRONOLOGY, REGIONAL CORRELATIONS, and the ENIGMATIC ORMA DOMAIN Current Research (2003) Newfoundland Department of Mines and Energy Geological Survey, Report 03-1, pages 35-45 THE SOUTHEASTERN CHURCHILL PROVINCE REVISITED: U–Pb GEOCHRONOLOGY, REGIONAL CORRELATIONS, AND THE ENIGMATIC ORMA DOMAIN D.T. James, G.A.G. Nunn1, S. Kamo2 and K. Kwok 2 Regional Geology Section ABSTRACT The Orma domain is a Paleoproterozoic tectonic division of the Core Zone, Southeastern Churchill Province (central Labrador), consisting principally of late Archean orthogneisses, deformed intrusions, and relicts of Archean supracrustal gneisses. Emplacement ages, determined by U–Pb age dating of zircon and titanite, for intrusions of orthopyroxene granodi- orite and K-feldspar porphyritic granite that occur in the northern Orma domain are 2581 +10/-8 and 2571 +6/-5 Ma, respec- tively. On the basis of field relationships and composition, the orthopyroxene granodiorite is interpreted to be a diatexite derived from the substantial anatexis of tonalite and granodiorite orthogneisses that dominate the Orma domain. Thus, the high-grade metamorphism of the Orma domain was late Archean. Emplacement of the porphyritic granite, containing pyrox- ene and garnet, was synchronous with high-grade metamorphism and attendant deformation. A granitic pegmatite was intruded into host Orma domain tonalite at 2628 ± 13 Ma and was subsequently mylonitized. The age of the mylonitization is undetermined; it could be either Archean or Paleoproterozoic. The data presented here are consistent with the interpretation of the Orma domain as a relatively pristine Archean block that apparently escaped 1820 to 1775 Ma high-grade metamorphism and deformation that are pervasive in contiguous tec- tonic domains of the Core Zone, and in most parts of the Southeastern Churchill Province. The factors influencing this enig- matic escape remain unknown. INTRODUCTION The report includes a brief overview of some aspects of the geology of the SECP, to provide a regional context for In July 2001, a brief field excursion was made to exam - the geochronological data, and to highlight the problems. A ine several critical exposures in the Southeastern Churchill comprehensive review of the SECP is beyond the scope of Province (SECP), in the area northeast of Michikamau this paper, and readers seeking detailed discussions are Lake, central Labrador (Figure 1). The purpose of this directed to papers by James and Dunning (2000) and Wardle excursion was to collect samples for U–Pb geochronology et al. (2002). studies, and to attempt regional correlation of Archean and Paleoproterozoic units mapped separately in the SECP by REGIONAL GEOLOGY James (see James et al., 1993; James and Mahoney, 1994) and Nunn (1993, 1994) in areas west and east of Michika- The SECP is a 300-km-wide, north-trending composite mau Lake, in NTS map areas 23I and 13L, respectively. The tectonic belt of Archean and Paleoproterozoic rocks that is age dating was carried out by K. Kwok and S. Kamo at the one segment of a system of Paleoproterozoic orogens link- Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, and was completed in ing Archean cratons in northeastern Laurentia (Figure 2). It March 2002. The purpose of this report is to present and is principally a continuation of the Trans-Hudson Orogen, interpret the results of the geochronology, and to comment which can be traced around the western, northern and east- on regional correlations in the SECP. ern margins of the Superior craton. The SECP formed as a 1 Mineral Lands Division 2 Geochronology Laboratory, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario 35 CURRENT RESEARCH, REPORT 03-1 an Archean craton(s) that resided to the north (see Hoffman, NTS INDEX MAP: Southern Labrador 1990; Van Kranendonk et al., 1993; Wardle, 1998; James 68°W 66° 58°W 56°N 64° 62° 60° and Dunning, 2000; Wardle et al., 2002). Also involved in 23O23P 13M 13N the collisions were Archean crustal blocks of suspect 55° parentage that are now confined to the intervening regions A tl a between the intact Archean cratons. n 23J 23I 13L 13K 13J ti c 54° O c e Churchill Falls a 23G 23H 13G 13H n The SECP can be broadly subdivided into three funda- 13E 13F Goose Bay Labrador City mental tectonic divisions. From west to east, the divisions 23B 23A 13D 13C 13B 13A include: 1) a west-verging fold-and-thrust belt (New 52° Newfoundland Québec Québec Orogen) mainly developed in 2.17 to 1.86 Ga sedi- 12P mentary and volcanic rocks, but also involving Superior 51°N 54°W 68°W 66° 64° 62° 60° 58° 56° craton basement, 2) a composite terrane, termed the Core NTS 13L/NW Zone (James and Dunning, 1996; James et al., 1996), hav- ing Archean and Paleoproterozoic components; and 3) a Figure 1. NTS index map for southern Labrador showing loca- doubly verging, fan-shaped wedge (Torngat Orogen) devel- tion of the study area. oped primarily in juvenile (<1.95 Ga) Paleoproterozoic sed- iments and inferred to represent an accretionary complex along the suture between the Core Zone and the North Atlantic craton (Figure 3). 70° N North Rae craton 200 km Dextral (west) and sinistral (east) tran- R Foxe Orogen in scurrent shear zones, which are syn- to k ia n posttectonic with respect to thrusting in Cumberland the New Québec and Torngat orogens, batholith respectively, separate the bordering fore- 70° N land orogens from the Core Zone. The Disko terrane Nagssugtoqidian Core Zone is a mosaic of variably Ungava Orogen Orogen reworked Archean crustal blocks (Van der (Cape Smith Belt) Leeden et al., 1990; Wardle et al., 1990; Nunn et al., 1990; James et al., 1996; 60° N North Atlantic Isnard et al., 1998), ca. 2.3 Ga and <1.95 Ungava craton Bay Ga supracrustal rocks (e.g., Van der Lee- Hudson Bay Torngat Orogen den et al., 1990; Girard, 1990; Scott and L New Québec a Gauthier, 1996), and 1.84 to 1.81 Ga b r a Orogen d o granitoid rocks belonging to the De Pas r S e 60° N Superior craton CP a and Kuujjuaq batholiths (Perreault and SE Makkovik Orogen Hynes, 1990; Dunphy and Skulski, 1996; study area Grenville Front James et al., 1996). Archean cratons The southwestern part of the Core Paleoproterozoic foreland fold-and-thrust belts including Zone, in central Labrador, consists of the supracrustal rocks, high-grade gneisses, and reworked McKenzie River, Crossroads, and Orma Archean rocks domains (James et al., 1996; James and Paleoproterozoic ‘orogenic hinterlands’ including Dunning, 2000). The domains are sepa- reworked Archean rocks, Paleoproterozoic plutons and rated by major, Paleoproterozoic high- supracrustal rocks strain zones. The McKenzie River domain consists mainly of Archean (ca. Figure 2. Schematic “pre-drift” reconstructed diagram showing principal tec- 2776 Ma) tonalite gneiss and lesser tonic elements of northeastern Laurentia including areas in northeastern North amounts of inferred Paleoproterozoic America and western Greenland. supracrustal gneisses. The Crossroads domain contains relicts of high-grade result of relative northward movement and sequential colli- Archean (>2700 Ma) granite–greenstone terrane crust and sion of Archean North Atlantic (Nain) and Superior cratons, Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1835 to 1810 Ma) granitoid intrusions, and attached Paleoproterozoic supracrustal sequences, with which are part of the >500-km-long De Pas batholith. The 36 D.T. JAMES, G.A.G. NUNN, S. KAMO AND K. KWOK 60o 00' ' North Atlantic craton (Saglek Block) o 67 00 50 km Southeastern Churchill Province (major units) NEW QUÉBEC OROGEN Laporte Terrane Ungava Bay Doublet Terrane Kaniapiskau Supergroup CORE ZONE De Pas Batholith Lac Lomier Complex Supracrustal rocks Lake Harbour Group KD CORE ZONE Archean rocks (mainly) TORNGAT OROGEN Tasiuyak Gneiss Burwell Domain Four Peaks Domain MRD A tl a n North Atlantic craton ti c O (Hopedale Block) c e a n Makkovik Orogen Figure 4 Grenville CRD Superior Front craton OD MKD Grenville Grenville ' Front Province o 56 00 53o 00' Figure 3. Tectonic elements of Labrador and northeastern Québec. MKD - McKenzie River domain, CRD - Crossroads domain, OD - Orma domain, MRD - Mistinibi–Raude domain, KD - Kuujjuaq domain. Mesoproterozoic intrusions are indi- cated by the open triangle pattern. De Pas batholith intrusions are variably deformed and data from the Orma domain rocks (e.g., Nunn et al., 1990) recrystallized, demonstrating the Crossroads domain has suggest that they escaped the Paleoproterozoic tectonother- been overprinted by a Paleoproterozoic tectonothermal mal and intrusive event that is so pervasively expressed in event that partially overlapped and postdated their emplace- the domains to the west and north. However, geochronolog- ment. The Orma domain (Nunn et al., 1990; Nunn, 1994), ical data from the Orma domain are sparse. which is the focus of this study, contains late Archean, high- grade orthogneisses and older relicts of supracrustal rocks, This study adds significantly to the age data from the deformed intrusive rocks of undetermined age, and a minor Orma domain, and tests the model that the Orma domain is amount supracrustal rocks belonging to the Petscapiskau a relatively pristine Archean block, with respect to pre-1750 Group. Ma thermotectonic and intrusive events. This study also tests the hypothesis proposed by James and Dunning (2000) Mapping and geochronology have demonstrated that that the Orma and Crossroads domains have a similar McKenzie River and Crossroads domains were overprinted Archean history. The samples analysed include a deformed, by high-grade Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1820 to 1775 Ma) meta- K-feldspar porphyritic granite (Sample 1), which has simi- morphism and attendant deformation (see James and Dun- lar field characteristics to rocks of the Paleoproterozoic De ning, 2000). In marked contrast, available geochronological Pas batholith, a pyroxene-bearing granodiorite (Sample 2), 37 CURRENT RESEARCH, REPORT 03-1 inferred on the basis of field relationships to be a diatexite HF and HNO3 in capsules at about 60°C for 3 to 4 days, and emplaced at or near the peak of high-grade metamorphism, U and Pb were isolated by using HBr chemistry.
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