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Massachusetts Estuaries Project Massachusetts Estuaries Project Linked Watershed-Embayment Model to Determine Critical Nitrogen Loading Thresholds for the Lewis Bay Embayment System, Barnstable/Yarmouth, MA University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Massachusetts Department of School of Marine Science and Technology Environmental Protection DRAFT FINAL REPORT – September 2007 Massachusetts Estuaries Project Linked Watershed-Embayment Model to Determine Critical Nitrogen Loading Thresholds for the Lewis Bay Embayment System, Barnstable/Yarmouth, MA DRAFT FINAL REPORT – SEPTEMBER 2007 Brian Howes Roland Samimy David Schlezinger Trey Ruthven John Ramsey Ed Eichner Contributors: US Geological Survey Don Walters and John Masterson Applied Coastal Research and Engineering, Inc. Elizabeth Hunt and Sean W. Kelley Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Charles Costello and Brian Dudley (DEP project manager) SMAST Coastal Systems Program Jennifer Benson, Michael Bartlett, Sara Sampieri and Elizabeth White Cape Cod Commission Xiaotong Wu ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Massachusetts Estuaries Project Technical Team would like to acknowledge the contributions of the many individuals who have worked tirelessly for the restoration and protection of the critical coastal resources of the Lewis Bay Embayment System and supported the application of the Linked Watershed-Embayment Model to Determine Critical Nitrogen Loading Thresholds for this complex estuary. Without these stewards and their efforts, this project would not have been possible. First and foremost we would like to recognize and applaud the significant time and effort in data collection and discussion spent by members of the Town of Barnstable Water Quality Monitoring Program, the Town of Yarmouth Water Quality Monitoring Program, the Three Bays Water Quality Monitoring Program, the Lewis Bay Research Center and SMAST “volunteers”. The Monitoring of the Lewis Bay System was truely a coordinated joint effort between these Towns, their citizens and staff. These individuals gave of their time to collect nutrient related water quality from this system, without which the present analysis would not have been possible. Of particular note are Lindsey Counsell of Three Bays Preservation, Coordinator of the Three Bays Monitoring Program, and John Jacobsen and Dale Saad of the Town of Barnstable, Coordinators of the Barnstable Town-wide Monitoring Program; Karl von Honne and Conrad Caia, Coordinators of the Yarmouth Town-wide Monitoring Program. Similarly, many in the Town of Barnstable helped in this effort, the Barnstable Department of Public Works and the Barnstable Shellfish Department, as well as the Barnstable Nutrient Management Committee; many in the Town of Yarmouth, but particularly the Nutrient Management Group and the Department of Public Works. The technical team would like to specifically acknowledge the efforts of Mark Els and George Allaire for helping to move this effort forward from its inception and to Three Bays Preservation for their energy and perseverance in the stewardship of one of the regions key coastal resources. In addition to local contributions, technical, policy and regulatory support has been freely and graciously provided by Tom Cambareri and Margo Fenn of the Cape Cod Commission; MaryJo Feurbach and Art Clark of the USEPA; and our MADEP colleagues: Andrew Gottlieb (now with the Wastewater Collaborative), Arleen O’Donnell, Art Screpetis, Rick Dunn, Steve Halterman, and Russ Issacs. We are also thankful for the long hours in the field and laboratory spent by the technical staff, interns and students within the Coastal Systems Program at SMAST-UMD. Support for this project was provided by the Town of Barnstable, Town of Yarmouth Barnstable County, MassDEP, and the USEPA. SUGGESTED CITATION Howes B.L., H.E. Ruthven, E.M. Eichner, J. S. Ramsey, R.I. Samimy, D.R. Schlezinger, (2007). Linked Watershed-Embayment Model to Determine Critical Nitrogen Loading Thresholds for the Lewis Bay System, Towns of Barnstable and Yarmouth, MA. SMAST/DEP Massachusetts Estuaries Project, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection. Boston, MA. MASSACHUSETTS ESTUARIES PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................1 I.1 THE MASSACHUSETTS ESTUARIES PROJECT APPROACH ........................................5 I.2 SITE DESCRIPTION...........................................................................................................8 I.3 NUTRIENT LOADING .......................................................................................................10 I.4 WATER QUALITY MODELING.........................................................................................11 I.5 REPORT DESCRIPTION..................................................................................................12 II. PREVIOUS STUDIES RELATED TO NITROGEN MANAGEMENT.....................................14 III. DELINEATION OF WATERSHEDS .....................................................................................18 III.1 BACKGROUND...............................................................................................................18 III.2 MODEL DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................18 III.3 LEWIS BAY SYSTEM AND HALLS CREEK CONTRIBUTORY AREAS ........................20 IV. WATERSHED NITROGEN LOADING TO EMBAYMENT: LAND USE, STREAM INPUTS, AND SEDIMENT NITROGEN RECYCLING....................................................25 IV.1 WATERSHED LAND USE BASED NITROGEN LOADING ANALYSIS .........................25 IV.1.1 Land Use and Water Use Database Preparation.....................................................28 IV.1.2 Nitrogen Loading Input Factors................................................................................29 IV.1.3 Calculating Nitrogen Loads ......................................................................................38 IV.2 ATTENUATION OF NITROGEN IN SURFACE WATER TRANSPORT.........................50 IV.2.1 Background and Purpose.........................................................................................50 IV.2.2 Surface water Discharge and Attenuation of Watershed Nitrogen: Stream Discharge from Halls Creek to Outer portion of Lewis Bay ...................................54 IV.2.3 Surface water Discharge and Attenuation of Watershed Nitrogen: Stream Discharge from Stewart’s Creek to the Outer portion of Lewis Bay.......................57 IV.2.4 Surface water Discharge and Attenuation of Watershed Nitrogen: Stream Discharge Snow’s Creek to Inner Lewis Bay.........................................................60 IV.2.5 Surface water Discharge and Attenuation of Watershed Nitrogen: Stream Discharge from Hospital Bog to Hyannis Inner Harbor..........................................63 IV.2.6 Surface water Discharge and Attenuation of Watershed Nitrogen: Stream Discharge from Mill Pond to Mill Creek .................................................................64 IV.2.7 Surface water Discharge and Attenuation of Watershed Nitrogen: Chase Brook Discharge to Mill Creek ...............................................................................68 IV.3 BENTHIC REGENERATION OF NITROGEN IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS......................69 IV.3.1 Sediment-Watercolumn Exchange of Nitrogen ........................................................72 IV.3.2 Method for determining sediment-watercolumn nitrogen exchange.........................73 IV.3.3 Rates of Summer Nitrogen Regeneration from Sediments ......................................75 V. HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING ............................................................................................79 V.1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................79 V.2 FIELD DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS .................................................................81 V.2.1. Bathymetry ................................................................................................................81 V.2.2 Tide Data Collection and Analysis.............................................................................82 V.2.3 ADCP Data Collection and Analysis..........................................................................90 V.3 HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING .......................................................................................91 V.3.1 Model Theory ............................................................................................................91 V.3.2 Model Setup ..............................................................................................................92 V.3.2.1 Grid Generation ..................................................................................................92 i MASSACHUSETTS ESTUARIES PROJECT V.3.2.2 Boundary Condition Specification.......................................................................93 V.3.3 Calibration .................................................................................................................93 V.3.4 ADCP verification of the Lewis Bay system ............................................................102 V.3.5 Model Circulation Characteristics............................................................................104 V.5 FLUSHING CHARACTERISTICS..................................................................................105 VI. WATER QUALITY MODELING ..........................................................................................109
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