International Workshop on Processing and Marketing of Shea Products in Africa

COMMON FUND FOR COMMODITIES CFC TECHNICAL PAPER NO. 21 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PROCESSING AND MARKETING OF SHEA PRODUCTS IN AFRICA Seminar Proceedings Dakar, Senegal 4-6 March 2002 Cover photo: Dried Sheanut for sale on a local market in Adwari, northern Uganda (by Eliot Masters) INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PROCESSING AND MARKETING OF SHEA PRODUCTS IN AFRICA Proceedings of a Workshop held by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the Common Fund for Commodities and the Centre de Suivi Ecologique. Centre de Suivi Ecologique Dakar, Sénégal, 4 - 6 March 2002 FUNDING AGENCY Common Fund for Commodities Amsterdam, the Netherlands PROJECT EXECUTING AGENCY AND CO-FINANCIER Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy (Forest Products Service of the Forest Products and Economics Division, Basic Foodstuffs Service of the Commodities and Trade Division, and FAO Intergovernmental Group on Oilseeds, Oils and Fats) HOST AGENCY Centre de Suivi Ecologique, Dakar, Sénégal The views expressed in the papers and presentations made at the workshop are those of the respective authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and/or the Common Fund for Commodities. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations or the Common Fund for Commodities concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Chief, Publishing and Multimedia Service, Information Division, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to [email protected] or to the Managing Director, Common Fund for Commodities, Stadshouderskade 55, 1072 AB Amsterdam, the Netherlands or by email to [email protected] © FAO and CFC 2004 FOREWORD The international workshop on Processing and Marketing of Shea Products in Africa, held in Dakar, Senegal, from 4 to 6 March 2002, provided a forum for the exchange and analysis of information between technical and market experts with a view to evaluate the potential of existing and new applications for processing and marketing of shea products in Africa and beyond. Source of one of Africa's most ancient food oils, the shea butter tree Vitellaria paradoxa is a semi-domesticated, slow-growing tree indigenous to a band of vegetation running for 5000 km south of the Sahel, across 16 African countries from Senegal to Ethiopia and Uganda. Evidence of the utilisation of shea butter, and the shea tree itself, dates back about 4000 years to ancient Egypt. The shea tree was first documented as a high-value commodity in regional trade across West Africa as early as 1354, by the Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta. Modern development of the shea tree as a nutritional and economic resource began in West Africa in the 1950s, and has greatly increased in recent years. An estimated 610,000 tons of sheanut were collected across the African shea zone during the 2000 harvest. About ten percent of this production was exported, mainly to Europe and Japan, whereas 545,000 tons were processed locally, into an estimated 131,000 tons of shea butter. The economic exploitation of the shea butter tree has become the object of a dynamic industry, thanks essentially to the spirit of initiative, the physical strength and courage of rural African women. Early studies attempted to address issues of productivity, but given the long time (10 to 20 years) taken by the tree to reach maturity, lack of continuity over time of research and development efforts has left enormous gaps in our understanding of the biological and environmental factors of shea productivity. Over the past four decades, village-level technologies for improved shea processing have been developed, which have proven highly successful in eastern and central Africa. It is hoped that the publication of the workshop proceedings in the Series of CFC Technical Papers will contribute to the further development of shea products processing technology and marketing skills for the benefit of the rural poor, and for future generations in rural Africa. Amb. Ali Mchumo Managing Director Common Fund for Commodities iii CONTENTS Page SECTION I 1. OPENING REMARKS 1 Dr. Amadou Moctar Niang Director General, Centre de Suivi Écologique 1 Mr. Edouard Tapsoba Country FAO Representative, Senegal 3 Mr. Mohamed Ramouch Representative of the Common Fund for Commodities 6 Hon. Min. S.E. M. Modou Diagne Fada Minister of Youth, Environment and Public Hygiene 8 Presentation of the Workshop Objectives and Expectations Mr. Shakib Mbabaali Commodity Specialist Commodities and Trade Division, FAO 11 The Shea Resource: Overview of Research and Development across Africa Mr. Eliot Masters FAO Consultant on Shea Processing and Marketing 13 2. SUMMARY OF PRESENTATIONS AND DISCUSSIONS 30 Plenary Session 1: The Shea Resource: Characteristics, Management and Conservation issues 30 Plenary Session 2: Utilization, Processing and Product Quality 31 Plenary Session 3: Trade, Markets and Shea Product Marketing 32 Plenary Session 4: Roles played by the different stakeholders in the karité sector 34 3. REPORTS FROM THE WORKING GROUPS 35 1. Improvement of the Shea Resource: Applied Research and Technical Aspects 35 2. Harvesting and transport, processing and quality control 37 3. Marketing and Commercialisation 38 4. Social Prospects: Access to Resources, Equity of Incomes and Benefits at all Levels 41 4. WORKSHOP RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 43 v SECTION II 1. PRESENTATIONS 51 The Shea Tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) and the African Shea Parklands 51 Edouard G. Bonkoungou Conservation of Shea Parklands through Local Resource Management 60 Joseph Obua, Makerere University Women and the Shea Resource: Issues of Ownership and Producer Equity 67 Marie Diallo, UNIFEM Consultant Strategies for the Conservation and Improvement of the Shea-butter Tree 71 (Vitellaria paradoxa syn. Butyrospermum parkii) Ismaïla Diallo and Abibou Gaye, ISRA/CNRF The Benefits of Shea to Rural Households, Communities and Nations 76 Ladi Ziba and Félicité Yameogo Overview of Post-harvest Handling, Processing and Storage of the Sheanut in African Countries 81 Pr. César Kapseu and D. Ngongang, ENSAI Industrial-Level Uses and Quality Control for International Commerce of Shea Products 90 Lars Laursen, AARHUS Equitable Structuring of the Shea Sector: To target the most promising markets 93 Sylvain Matte and Félicité Traoré, CECI Building New Markets for Shea Products: Perspectives from Eastern Africa 100 Eliot Masters, The Shea Project International Standards for Raw and Processed Products, Quality Control and Certification Systems for Exported Products 113 Enrico Casadei, FAO Local Government: The Role played by Government in the Shea Sector 119 Mme Diallo Mah Koné, OHVN Role of Research Institutions in the Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn C.F.) 123 Sector: Scientific Experiences and Perspectives Jules Bayala, INERA/DPF vi 2. SUPPLEMENTARY PAPERS (Country Studies) 145 Shea in the North of Côte d'Ivoire: Possible uses, process of transformation and aspects of marketing 145 Nafan Diarrassouba, Abdourahamane Sangare, N’Guessan Kanga Anatole Production and Marketing of Shea Products at Ndélé, Central African Republic 153 Flore Mamour, ASFMCA Situation of the Shea Sector in Chad 156 Koumaro Mbayhoudel, ITRAD Conservation of the Shea Tree Parklands of the Nigerian Humid Savanna through local Resources Management 161 Odebiyi, J.A.; Bada, S.O.; Awodoyin, R.O.; Oni, P.I. and Omoloye, A.A. Overview of the intervention of PROMER in the Shea Sector in the Département de Kédougou, Senegal 171 Amadou Souare, PROMER (Sénégal) Strengthening the Technical and Management Capacities of Women in the Shea Sector of Zantiébougou (Mali) 185 Koné Mariam Traoré, AMPJ (Mali) APPENDICES Workshop Terms of Reference 191 Workshop Agenda 192 List of Participants and Contacts 196 References 208 vii INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PROCESSING AND MARKETING OF SHEA PRODUCTS IN AFRICA DAKAR, SENEGAL, MARCH 4-6, 2002 OPENING CEREMONY Speech read by Dr. Amadou Moctar Niang Director General of the Centre de Suivi Écologique Sir, the Minister of the Youth, the Environment and the Health Service, Sir, the Representative of the FAO in Dakar, Sir, the Representative of the Common Fund for Commodities, Sirs, the Representatives of the agencies of international cooperation, our partners in development, Ladies and Gentlemen the directors and the heads of national departments, Ladies and Gentlemen, My Dear Colleagues, Dear Guests, At the very beginning of this opening ceremony, I am obliged on behalf of the Centre de Suivi Écologique to express my thanks to all the partners who contributed to the organization of this workshop. This done, I am pleased to situate this major event in its context, particularly as regards the valuation of natural resources, to fight against the poverty

Load more