Mid Twentieth-Century Euro-American Innovations Cultural Developments Theatrical Trends Persons Persons (cont.) unemployment theatre of cruelty Artaud Adler HUAC (& McCarthy Era) New Objectivity Piscator Strasberg with blacklisting epic theater Brecht Meisner German invasion of Poland theatre of the absurd Weigel Mielziner Holocaust, Pearl Harbor, & American realism Neher & Weill Miller Battle of Stalingrad book musicals with new Brecht collective Williams Japanese- and German- views of women Sartre Leigh & Brando American internments Federal Theatre Project & Camus Kazan end of World War II with the “Living Newspaper” Esslin Hellman atom bombs dropped “theatre games,” satirical Beckett La Gallienne First Indochina War revues, & “improv” Ionesco Waters Europe divided comedians Genet McCandless Berlin Airlift Negro Theatre Unit Pinter Rosenthal communist China formed radio dramas (such as “The Mrożek Molnár Korean Civil War & split War of the Worlds”) Różewicz Rodgers & Hammerstein films influenced by various Odets Spolin & Sils theatre styles & genres Clurman Poitier & Belafonte censorship & ratings system Boleslavsky Welles

Play Types & Titles Play Types/Titles (cont.) Performance Performance Practices Spurt of Blood & The Cenci Death of a Salesman Companies return to ritual (& Asian styles) The Threepenny Opera & tragedies of the common man & Training no more masterpieces Rise and Fall of the City of poetic, romantic tragicomedy Théâtre Alfred “violence of the thought” Mahagonny The Glass Menagerie Jarry found spaces agitprop learning plays & A Streetcar Named Desire Berliner audience at the center, parable plays (influenced The Crucible Ensemble hypnotized by Chinese Opera) The Children’s Hour Group Theatre plague & delirium Mother Courage and Her Africana, As Thousands Dramatic actor as martyr Children & Life of Galileo Cheer, & Mamba’s Workshop alienation effects No Exit Daughter Studio of Acting documentary material absurdist drama Liliom Actors Studio songs & multi-media Waiting for Godot, Endgame, Oklahoma!, Carousel, Neighborhood musicals with irony, separate Krapp’s Last Tape, Happy South Pacific, The King Playhouse elements, signs, & narrator Days, Not I, Footfalls, & and I, & The Sound of Civic Repertory literarization & historification Rockaby Music Theatre gestic acting & demonstrating The Bald Soprano, The Annie Get Your Gun Negro Theatre spectators as critical observers Lesson, & Rhinoceros Kiss Me, Kate Unit exposed lighting instruments Deathwatch, The Maids, The Guys and Dolls American circular structure with sparse, Balcony, The Blacks, & The My Fair Lady Negro telegraphic, or whimsical dialog Screens West Side Story Theater confusing location that appears comedies of menace Fiddler on the Roof realistic yet has unreal or The Birthday Party & The “Voodoo Macbeth” exaggerated events Homecoming Caesar “spine” & “active verbs” to unify The Police The Mercury Theatre on imagination & physicality The Card Index the Air through “given circumstances” Waiting for Lefty Native Son emotional recall & Method acting agitprop Citizen Kane improvisation & repetition with Awake and Sing! & Golden attention to other actors Boy selective realism flashback & fantasy scenes lighting uniform acting areas & various moods