EIA/EMP of Cluster-V Mines Of

CMPDI EIA/EMP OF CLUSTER - XI

CHAPTER-IV

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 INTRODUCTION

The impacts (both beneficial and adverse) of mining and its allied activities of the project have been assessed and presented in respect of air, water, noise, blasting vibration, socio-economic profile, flora & fauna, land resource, traffic movement and visual/aesthetic aspect in this chapter.

The control measures to mitigate various environmental impacts are also highlighted in this chapter for carrying out mining operation in an environmentally compatible manner. Further, all provisions of Coal Mines Regulations and Directives shall be followed in this project.

4.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT & POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES FOR AIR

The impact assessment has been carried out. Appropriate air pollution control measures will be taken to contain the air pollution for maintaining the ambient air quality within the stipulated standards besides making the mining operation eco- friendly in this project. All provisions of Coal Mines Regulations and Directives shall be followed.

Sources of Dust Pollution Coal dust is generally course and a significant portion of dust generated due to mining activities settles down within a short distance. Only very fine coal dust generated from grinding of fallen coal on coal transport roads under the wheels of heavy vehicles as well as at crushers in coal handling plants can become airborne and be carried longer distances by wind. Vehicular exhaust from dumpers ferrying coal from the mine to the railway siding is another reason for air

pollution. These exhausts contain CO, SOX, NOX and small quantities of un-burnt

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fuel apart from some heavy metals like lead, nickel and arsenic. Air pollution due to coal transportation can be controlled to a great extent by regular sprinkling on roads by mobile water sprinklers. Wetting of coal before transportation and transportation of coal by covered trucks will help prevent spillage, thereby, reducing the quantum of dust. Dumpers employed for coal transportation require good maintenance. Several such provisions have been suggested to keep the ambient air quality much within the permissible limits.

Coal Flow on Surface For UG Mines The coal raised to surface through the mineshaft or incline in mine cars is tippled directly into tippers which ferry the coal directly to the railway siding where it is unloaded and then loaded onto wagons by payloaders. For proposed OC Mines The blasted coal will be loaded into 35 te dumpers and will be brought to surface depot by haul road where it will be unloaded and subsequently loaded into 15 te dumpers for transport to railway siding where it will be loaded onto wagons by payloaders. Alternatively, the coal may be loaded into 15 te dumpers at the coal face itself and transported directly to the railway siding. The latter will be true for the small patches proposed (< 10 Ha). A coal flow chart along is given as Plate – 18.

Production and Dispatch Since all the mines in the cluster are UG mines, the only major activity contributing to air pollution is transport of coal from the mines to various Railway Sidings by road. Present production & despatch of coal from all mines taken together is around 0.748 MTY & 2267 TPD. However, it is proposed to augment the production from the UG mines to 4.21 MTY (normative) and 4.78 MTY (peak). Further, 4 OC patches are proposed to be operated which will yield a normative production of 6.0 MTY and a peak production of 7.45 MTY. However, the life of these OC mines is around 2 to 8 years after which there will be coal

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production from UG mines only. The production and despatch figures from the various mines within the cluster after considering the various scenarios are shown below – Present Scenario (Only UG Future Scenario – 1 (after Future Scenario – 2 (OC mines operating at present adding production from OC patches are exhausted and production levels, ie actual patches to A) UG mines producing at for 2011 - 12) envisaged capacity A B C Actual 2013 – 14* Normative Peak* Normative Peak* 0.748 MT 6.748 MTY 8.198 MTY 4.21 MTY 4.78 MTY 2267 TPD 22267 TPD 27100 TPD 12757 TPD 14485 TPD *Air Quality Impact Prediction Exercise done for these scenarios

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Rationalisation of Road transport of Coal At present, coal from the mines is being transported to Andal, Bahula and Bankola Railway Sidings. In future, it is proposed to transport coal from all the mines to Bahula Railway Siding as shown below: Sl Name of the Mine Railway siding to Distance of Railway siding to Distance of Change in Distance (Kms) No. which coal is Railway siding which coal is Railway During period After presently being from mine (Kms) proposed to be siding from of operation of Exhaustion of transported transported as per mine (Kms) proposed OC OC patches (A) Env Plan (after Patches (C) commissioning of (B) proposed railway siding) 1 Krishnanagar UG - - Bahula 6.0 - (+) 6.0 2 Haripur UG Bahula 9.0 Bahula 9.0 0.0 0.0 3 Chora Block Incline UG Bahula 1.5 Bahula 1.5 0.0 0.0 Chora 7, 9 & 10 Pit UG Bahula 3.5 Bahula 3.5 0.0 0.0 4 Bonbahal OC Patch (25ha) - Bahula 4.5 (+) 4.5 - - OC 5 Shankarpur / CL Jambad OC Exhausted and backfilling is under process Patch/mine (52 Ha) OC 6 New Kenda UG Andal 15.0 Bahula 3.0 (-) 12.0 (-) 12.0 7 W Kenda OC Patch/Mine - Bahula 4.5 (+) 4.5 - - (49 ha) 8 New Kenda OC Mine (240 ha) - - Bahula 3.0 (+) 3.0 - 9 Lower Kenda UG Bahula 1.0 Bahula 1.0 0.0 0.0 10 Bahula UG Bahula 0.5 Bahula 0.5 0.0 0.0 11 C L Jambad UG Bahula 8.0 Bahula 8.0 0.0 0.0 12 Siduli UGP Bahula 11.0 Bahula 11.0 0.0 0.0 13 Khandra UG Bankola 5.0 Bahula 11.0 (+) 6.0 (+) 6.0 14 Shankarpur UG Bankola 7.0 Bahula 10.0 (+) 3.0 (+) 3.0 15 Shankarpur OC Patch/mine - Bahula 10.5 (+) 10.5 - - (42 ha)* Total 61.5 87.0 (+) 19.5 (+) 3.0 Total Increment / Decrement in Distance of transportation (in %) (+) 4.87

The present and proposed dispatch routes are shown in Plate – 19.

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Air quality modeling Air Quality Model The quantum of SPM at the receptors is influenced by concentration of pollutants and their dispersion in the atmosphere. Air quality modeling is an important tool for prediction, planning and evaluation of air pollution control activities besides identifying the requirements for emission control to meet the regulatory standards. The efficient management of air quality requires the use of modeling techniques to analyze the patterns of pollutant concentrations from many individual sources of air pollutants operating simultaneously. Models for regional concentration patterns are based on "emission inventory" data for the region, and on standard meteorological observations assumed to be representative of the entire region. Various attempts have been made to establish empirical relations to predict the dust emission characteristics for mining operations. These relations may give only a rough estimate of the total dust emission and provide no information about the contour of the dust distribution. The generation rate of the contaminant for most mining operations cannot be precisely determined by empirical relations because there is a high degree of variance in the way such operations are conducted in different mines. Nevertheless, the empirical relations provide the first hand information to the health workers, administrators, planners, and engineers for the development of dust control strategies. The dust emission levels from mining operations for the purpose of this modelling have been based on USEPA publications and paper on emission factors written by Prof SP Banerjee and published in Minetech Magazine. Air Quality Prediction The Air Quality Impact Prediction has been done by using the FDM version 90121 Air

Quality Model of USEPA. Estimation for increase in TSP, NOX and SO2 at the Baseline Ambient Air Quality Stations has been done with the help of the above model. The model was run to predict the incremental TSP concentrations from future mining activities. The contribution of TSP from the present mining activities is already included in the baseline data generated at the stations. The quantum of such contribution from the present mining activities was determined by running the model for the present

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scenario only (Scenario A). The model was run again for predicting contribution from proposed mining activities (Scenarios B & C separately). The difference between the contributions from the present and proposed mining activities is the incremental impact. The increment over and above the baseline concentrations found at the AAQ stations is the likely level of future TSP concentrations taking into account all the activities. The following stations were chosen for baseline data generation for ambient air quality – SI.No. Location Name Location Code Remarks Core Zone 1. Krishnanagar, Mine Office A2 500 m from Mine Pit top 2. New Kenda, Mine Office A3 -do- 3. Lower Kenda, Sub. Office A4 -do- 4. Chora Pit Mine Office A5 -do- 5. Haripur, Sub. Office A6 -do- 6. Bahula, Mine Office A7 -do- 7. Chora UG, Mine Office A8 -do- C.L. Jambad UG, Mine A9 -do- 8. Office 9. Siduli, Agent Office A10 -do- 10. Shankarpur UG, Mine Office A11 -do- 11. Khandra, Mine Office A12 -do- Buffer Zone Kept as Control Station 12. Chinchuria A1 Habitation at a distance of 3.0 km towards NE of operating mine area Habitation at a distance of 4.0 km 13. Beniyadidanga A13 distance from the mine towards SW direction

Identification of sources of TSPM and Gaseous pollutants The main sources of air pollution for the purpose of estimation of increase in TSPM,

SO2 and NOX were identified as- 1) Coal handling activities at Pit top /OC Mine (Peak Output). 2) Coal transportation from CHP to different Railway Sidings by dumpers 3) Storage and Wagon loading of coal at the Railway Sidings by payloaders Emission Standards

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The USEPA Emission Factor Equation, 1988 and paper on emission factors written by Prof SP Banerjee and published in Minetech Magazine have been used to calculate the emission factors for the various sources as explained below. Emission Factors for Suspended Particulate Matter from Various Mining Operations have been given below: Underground Mining Source Material TSPM Emission Factor Unit Loading in dumper Coal 0.084 Kg/te Loading in wagons Coal 0.084 Kg/te Transportation on metaled Coal 0.225 Kg / VKT road Coal unloading Coal 0.029 Kg / te Loading point of conveyor belt Unloading point of conveyor Coal 0.029 Kg / te belt Wind erosion at Coal Coal 2.33 Kg/ha/d stockyard

Opencast Mining Source Material TSPM Emission Factor Unit Top soil removal Soil 0.029 Kg/te Overburden removal Drilling O.B. 0.59 Kg/hole *Blasting O.B. 0.00022(A) 1.5 , A = area being Kg/day blasted in sq. m. Dumper loading by shovel O.B. 0.018 Kg / te Transportation in haul road O.B. 2.25 Kg/vkt Unloading O.B. 0.001 Kg / te Coal Extraction Drilling Coal 0.10 *Blasting Coal 0.00022(A)1.5 , A = area being Kg/day blasted in sq. m. Loading in dumper Coal 0.084 Kg/te Loading in wagons Coal 0.084 Kg/te Transportation in haul road Coal 2.25 Kg / te Transportation on metaled road Coal 0.225 Kg / te Coal unloading Coal 0.029 Kg / te OB dumps(Wind erosion when O.B. 2.33 Kg/ha/d active)

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Emission from Vehicles

SO2 emission factor = 17 kg per 1000 litres of diesel burnt in litres ( Source USEPA 1998).

NOX emission factor = 35.7 kg per 1000 litres of diesel burnt in litres ( Source USEPA 1998). Control Factors The various control factors for dust suppression have been summarized below and have been used to calculate the estimated emission from the sources. Table – 4.4 Operation / Activity Control method and emission % of dust settling down reduction within a short distance of few meters 50 % for metalled road (Water 90 % Transporting 2 spraying @ 2 litres/m /h) Dust generation at the conveyor > 95 % for enclosures and dust - point extraction system with water spraying Dust generation at unloading > 95 % for enclosures and dust - point extraction system with water spraying Dust generation due to truck 50 % with water spraying 90% loading/ unloading

Estimation of TSPM generation Based on the emission factors from various activities after using appropriate control as mentioned above, the contributions of dust from different sources with respect to each mine and railway siding for each of the scenarios – A, B & C given below were estimated – Scenario A – Present Status of production (2013-14) and present scheme of road transport. Scenario B – Future Status of production during the operation of OC mine and OC patches at peak capacities and UG mine producing simultaneously at the current production level. Scenario C – Future Status of production after exhaustion of OC patches and UG mines producing at envisaged peak production levels.

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Sl Name of Mine Contribution of dust from activities in Kg / day No. Pit – top Coal Handling & Activities inside OC mines / Road transportation of Coal Dispatch patches A B C A B C A B C 1 Krishnanagar UG - - 6.45 - - - - - 10.227 2 Haripur UG 1.20 1.20 16.78 - - - 2.227 2.227 31.023 3 Chora Block Incline 1.22 1.22 - - - 19.688 UG 0.486 0.486 21.3 4 Chora 7, 9 & 10 Pit 2.30 2.30 - - - UG 2.128 2.128 5 Bonbahal OC Patch - - - - 788.83 - - 12.784 - (25ha) OC 6 0.79 0.79 3.01 - - - 0.631 0.631 2.386 New Kenda UG

7 W Kenda OC - - - - 1740.247 - - - Patch/Mine (49 ha) 19.176 8 New Kenda OC - - - - 35776.1 - - - Mine (240 ha) 66.477 9 Lower Kenda UG 1.09 1.09 3.65 - - - 0.290 0.290 0.966 10 Bahula UG 3.52 3.52 6.67 - - - 0.466 0.466 0.881 11 C L Jambad UG 0.96 0.96 1.50 - - - 2.045 2.045 3.182 12 Siduli UGP 0.62 0.62 6.45 - - - 1.813 1.813 18.750 13 Khandra UG 1.85 1.85 8.39 - - - 2.443 2.443 11.080 14 Shankarpur UG 2.49 2.49 28.6 - - - 4.614 4.614 52.898 15 Shankarpur OC - - - - 4468.413 - - 98.011 - Patch/mine (42 ha)* Total 16.04 16.04 102.80 - 42773.59 - 17.14 213.59 151.08

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Contribution of dust from activities at Railway Sidings in Kg / day Sl Name of Railway Siding Handling of coal in t / day Contribution of dust from activities in Kg / day No. A B C A B C 1 Andal 112 - - 0.79 - - 2 Bahula 1655 24842 14485 11.74 176.38 102.84 3 Bankola 612 - - 4.34 - -

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Run of the Model The model was run thrice for the three scenarios A, B & C as discussed above and the run of the models for the three scenarios as above are shown below –

RUN TITLE: AIR QUALITY IMPACT PREDICTION FOR CLUSTER 11 PRESENT SCENARIO

INPUT FILE NAME: prsn11.IN OUTPUT FILE NAME: prsn11.OUT PLOT OUTPUT WRITTEN TO FILE NAME: prsn11.DAT

CONVERGENCE OPTION 1=OFF, 2=ON 1 MET OPTION SWITCH, 1=CARDS, 2=PREPROCESSED 1 PLOT FILE OUTPUT, 1=NO, 2=YES 2 MET DATA PRINT SWITCH, 1=NO, 2=YES 1 POST-PROCESSOR OUTPUT, 1=NO, 2=YES 1 DEP. VEL./GRAV. SETL. VEL., 1=DEFAULT, 2=USER 1 PRINT 1-HOUR AVERAGE CONCEN, 1=NO, 2=YES 2 PRINT 3-HOUR AVERAGE CONCEN, 1=NO, 2=YES 1 PRINT 8-HOUR AVERAGE CONCEN, 1=NO, 2=YES 1 PRINT 24-HOUR AVERAGE CONCEN, 1=NO, 2=YES 2 PRINT LONG-TERM AVERAGE CONCEN, 1=NO, 2=YES 1 NUMBER OF SOURCES PROCESSED 42 NUMBER OF RECEPTORS PROCESSED 13 NUMBER OF PARTICLE SIZE CLASSES 5 NUMBER OF HOURS OF MET DATA PROCESSED 24 LENGTH IN MINUTES OF 1-HOUR OF MET DATA 60. ROUGHNESS LENGTH IN CM 1.00 SCALING FACTOR FOR SOURCE AND RECPTORS 1.0000 PARTICLE DENSITY IN G/CM**3 2.20

GENERAL PARTICLE SIZE CLASS INFORMATION

GRAV. FRACTION PARTICLE CHAR. SETTLING DEPOSITION IN EACH

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SIZE DIA. VELOCITY VELOCITY SIZE CLASS (UM) (M/SEC) (M/SEC) CLASS ------1 1.0000000 ** ** 0.0300 2 6.2000000 ** ** 0.1800 3 12.5000000 ** ** 0.1200 4 21.1000000 ** ** 0.2200 5 65.0000000 ** ** 0.4500 ------** COMPUTED BY FDM 1

RECEPTOR COORDINATES (X,Y,Z)

( 21671., 16540., 0.) ( 14565., 12950., 0.) ( 15796., 11177., 0.) ( 18803., 10751., 0.) ( 20933., 11366., 0.) ( 22377., 13021., 0.) ( 21123., 9143., 0.) ( 24484., 10775., 0.) ( 22614., 8505., 0.) ( 24910., 8836., 0.) ( 27941., 10254., 0.) ( 27729., 5939., 0.) ( 16034., 6389., 0.) ( 1

SOURCE INFORMATION

ENTERED EMIS. TOTAL RATE (G/SEC, EMISSION WIND G/SEC/M OR RATE SPEED X1 Y1 X2 Y2 HEIGHT WIDTH TYPE G/SEC/M**2) (G/SEC) FAC. (M) (M) (M) (M) (M) (M) ------2 0.000003680 0.00901 0.000 24600. 16819. 25384. 14499. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000022900 0.01633 0.000 25384. 14499. 25858. 13966. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000022900 0.07475 0.000 23858. 13966. 20594. 13918. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000022900 0.05576 0.000 20594. 13918. 20654. 11484. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000003350 0.00647 0.000 19635. 13387. 19889. 11473. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000003350 0.00256 0.000 19889. 11473. 20654. 11484. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000013200 0.01509 0.000 19804. 10719. 20654. 11484. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000002430 0.00544 0.000 18169. 9188. 19804. 10719. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000010700 0.01119 0.000 20769. 10317. 19804. 10719. 0.50 10.00

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2 0.000002430 0.00664 0.000 15873. 10668. 18169. 9188. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000002430 0.00187 0.000 15325. 10125. 15873. 10668. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000008610 0.01471 0.000 27315. 13784. 25847. 14659. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000003740 0.00766 0.000 25949. 12258. 27315. 13784. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000004860 0.01890 0.000 29822. 10811. 27315. 13784. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000004860 0.02196 0.000 26746. 7502. 29822. 10811. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000002950 0.00594 0.000 24986. 8478. 26746. 7502. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000002950 0.00551 0.000 24361. 6717. 24986. 8478. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000001900 0.00132 0.000 27179. 6962. 26746. 7502. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000001900 0.00117 0.000 26710. 6566. 27179. 6962. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000001900 0.00475 0.000 28359. 4687. 26710. 6566. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000001900 0.00093 0.000 28756. 4970. 28359. 4687. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000001900 0.00156 0.000 28257. 4316. 28756. 4970. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000007620 0.01522 0.000 30807. 8405. 32446. 7263. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000005650 0.01400 0.000 33405. 4978. 32446. 7263. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000005650 0.01595 0.000 31590. 2816. 33405. 4978. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000011300 0.01709 0.000 32446. 7263. 33588. 8255. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000008610 0.00422 0.000 25847. 14659. 25384. 14499. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000007030 0.00198 0.000 22195. 12080. 22246. 11803. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000007030 0.01159 0.000 22246. 11803. 20638. 12168. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000019300 0.01320 0.000 20638. 12168. 20654. 11484. 0.50 10.00 3 0.000001390 0.01390 0.000 24600. 16819. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000000921 0.00921 0.000 15325. 10125. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000001260 0.01260 0.000 19635. 13387. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000001410 0.01410 0.000 25949. 12258. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000002660 0.02660 0.000 22195. 12080. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000004080 0.04080 0.000 20769. 10317. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000001120 0.01120 0.000 24361. 6717. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000000722 0.00722 0.000 28257. 4316. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000002140 0.02140 0.000 31590. 2816. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000002880 0.02880 0.000 30807. 8405. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000013500 1.35000 0.000 20654. 11484. 1000. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000005030 0.50300 0.000 33588. 8255. 1000. 100. 5.00 0.00 ======TOTAL EMISSIONS 2.42161 1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 1

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CONCENTRATIONS IN MICROGRAMS/M**3

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.000) ( 20933., 11366., 33.381) ( 22377., 13021., 0.096) ( 21123., 9143., 2.137) ( 24484., 10775., 0.034) ( 22614., 8505., 0.574) ( 24910., 8836., 0.024) ( 27941., 10254., 0.032) ( 27729., 5939., 0.023) ( 16034., 6389., 0.000) ( 1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 1 DEPOSITION RATE IN MICROGRAMS/M**2/SEC

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.000) ( 20933., 11366., 0.971) ( 22377., 13021., 0.001) ( 21123., 9143., 0.025) ( 24484., 10775., 0.000) ( 22614., 8505., 0.006) ( 24910., 8836., 0.000) ( 27941., 10254., 0.000) ( 27729., 5939., 0.000) ( 16034., 6389., 0.000) ( 1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 2 CONCENTRATIONS IN MICROGRAMS/M**3

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.000) ( 20933., 11366., 22.400) ( 22377., 13021., 0.033) ( 21123., 9143., 0.506) ( 24484., 10775., 0.007) ( 22614., 8505., 0.201) ( 24910., 8836., 0.005) ( 27941., 10254., 0.007) ( 27729., 5939., 0.009) ( 16034., 6389., 0.001) ( 1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 2 DEPOSITION RATE IN MICROGRAMS/M**2/SEC

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.000) ( 20933., 11366., 1.988) ( 22377., 13021., 0.001) ( 21123., 9143., 0.028) ( 24484., 10775., 0.000) ( 22614., 8505., 0.011) ( 24910., 8836., 0.000) ( 27941., 10254., 0.000) ( 27729., 5939., 0.000) ( 16034., 6389., 0.000) ( 1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 3 CONCENTRATIONS IN MICROGRAMS/M**3

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( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.000) ( 20933., 11366., 25.895) ( 22377., 13021., 0.030) ( 21123., 9143., 0.014) ( 24484., 10775., 0.011) ( 22614., 8505., 0.168) ( 24910., 8836., 0.069) ( 27941., 10254., 0.009) ( 27729., 5939., 0.067) ( 16034., 6389., 0.000) ( 1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 3 DEPOSITION RATE IN MICROGRAMS/M**2/SEC

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.000) ( 20933., 11366., 2.589) ( 22377., 13021., 0.002) ( 21123., 9143., 0.001) ( 24484., 10775., 0.001) ( 22614., 8505., 0.013) ( 24910., 8836., 0.005) ( 27941., 10254., 0.001) ( 27729., 5939., 0.006) ( 16034., 6389., 0.000) ( 1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 4 CONCENTRATIONS IN MICROGRAMS/M**3

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.000) ( 20933., 11366., 33.016) ( 22377., 13021., 0.044) ( 21123., 9143., 0.009) ( 24484., 10775., 0.014) ( 22614., 8505., 0.233) ( 24910., 8836., 0.069) ( 27941., 10254., 0.018) ( 27729., 5939., 0.083) ( 16034., 6389., 0.000) ( 1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 4 DEPOSITION RATE IN MICROGRAMS/M**2/SEC

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.000) ( 20933., 11366., 3.262) ( 22377., 13021., 0.002) ( 21123., 9143., 0.000) ( 24484., 10775., 0.000) ( 22614., 8505., 0.008) ( 24910., 8836., 0.002) ( 27941., 10254., 0.001) ( 27729., 5939., 0.002) ( 16034., 6389., 0.000) ( 1 24 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 24 CONCENTRATIONS IN MICROGRAMS/M**3

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( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.001) ( 18803., 10751., 0.050) ( 20933., 11366., 28.495) ( 22377., 13021., 0.200) ( 21123., 9143., 0.155) ( 24484., 10775., 0.134) ( 22614., 8505., 0.091) ( 24910., 8836., 0.028) ( 27941., 10254., 0.022) ( 27729., 5939., 0.024) ( 16034., 6389., 0.423) ( 1 24 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 24 DEPOSITION RATE IN MICROGRAMS/M**2/SEC

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.001) ( 20933., 11366., 1.354) ( 22377., 13021., 0.009) ( 21123., 9143., 0.003) ( 24484., 10775., 0.002) ( 22614., 8505., 0.002) ( 24910., 8836., 0.001) ( 27941., 10254., 0.001) ( 27729., 5939., 0.001) ( 16034., 6389., 0.003) (

RUN TITLE: AIR QUALITY IMPACT PREDICTION FOR CLUSTER 11 FUTURE A SCENARIO

INPUT FILE NAME: futre111.IN OUTPUT FILE NAME: futre111.OUT PLOT OUTPUT WRITTEN TO FILE NAME: futre111.DAT

CONVERGENCE OPTION 1=OFF, 2=ON 1 MET OPTION SWITCH, 1=CARDS, 2=PREPROCESSED 1 PLOT FILE OUTPUT, 1=NO, 2=YES 2 MET DATA PRINT SWITCH, 1=NO, 2=YES 1 POST-PROCESSOR OUTPUT, 1=NO, 2=YES 1 DEP. VEL./GRAV. SETL. VEL., 1=DEFAULT, 2=USER 1 PRINT 1-HOUR AVERAGE CONCEN, 1=NO, 2=YES 2 PRINT 3-HOUR AVERAGE CONCEN, 1=NO, 2=YES 1 PRINT 8-HOUR AVERAGE CONCEN, 1=NO, 2=YES 1 PRINT 24-HOUR AVERAGE CONCEN, 1=NO, 2=YES 2 PRINT LONG-TERM AVERAGE CONCEN, 1=NO, 2=YES 1 NUMBER OF SOURCES PROCESSED 52 NUMBER OF RECEPTORS PROCESSED 13 NUMBER OF PARTICLE SIZE CLASSES 5

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NUMBER OF HOURS OF MET DATA PROCESSED 24 LENGTH IN MINUTES OF 1-HOUR OF MET DATA 60. ROUGHNESS LENGTH IN CM 1.00 SCALING FACTOR FOR SOURCE AND RECPTORS 1.0000 PARTICLE DENSITY IN G/CM**3 2.20

GENERAL PARTICLE SIZE CLASS INFORMATION

GRAV. FRACTION PARTICLE CHAR. SETTLING DEPOSITION IN EACH SIZE DIA. VELOCITY VELOCITY SIZE CLASS (UM) (M/SEC) (M/SEC) CLASS ------1 1.0000000 ** ** 0.0300 2 6.2000000 ** ** 0.1800 3 12.5000000 ** ** 0.1200 4 21.1000000 ** ** 0.2200 5 65.0000000 ** ** 0.4500 ------** COMPUTED BY FDM 1

RECEPTOR COORDINATES (X,Y,Z)

SOURCE INFORMATION

ENTERED EMIS. TOTAL RATE (G/SEC, EMISSION WIND G/SEC/M OR RATE SPEED X1 Y1 X2 Y2 HEIGHT WIDTH

IV-17

CMPDI EIA/EMP OF CLUSTER - XI

TYPE G/SEC/M**2) (G/SEC) FAC. (M) (M) (M) (M) (M) (M) ------2 0.000003680 0.00901 0.000 24600. 16819. 25384. 14499. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000020400 0.01455 0.000 25384. 14499. 25858. 13966. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000020400 0.06659 0.000 23858. 13966. 20594. 13918. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000020400 0.04967 0.000 20594. 13918. 20654. 11484. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000003350 0.00647 0.000 19635. 13387. 19889. 11473. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000003350 0.00256 0.000 19889. 11473. 20654. 11484. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000028900 0.03305 0.000 19804. 10719. 20654. 11484. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000002780 0.00623 0.000 18169. 9188. 19804. 10719. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000010700 0.01119 0.000 20769. 10317. 19804. 10719. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000002780 0.00759 0.000 15873. 10668. 18169. 9188. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000002780 0.00214 0.000 15325. 10125. 15873. 10668. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000016700 0.02854 0.000 27315. 13784. 25847. 14659. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000003740 0.00766 0.000 25949. 12258. 27315. 13784. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000001630 0.00634 0.000 29822. 10811. 27315. 13784. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000004860 0.02196 0.000 26746. 7502. 29822. 10811. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000002950 0.00594 0.000 24986. 8478. 26746. 7502. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000002950 0.00551 0.000 24361. 6717. 24986. 8478. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000001900 0.00132 0.000 27179. 6962. 26746. 7502. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000001900 0.00117 0.000 26710. 6566. 27179. 6962. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000001900 0.00475 0.000 28359. 4687. 26710. 6566. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000001900 0.00093 0.000 28756. 4970. 28359. 4687. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000001900 0.00156 0.000 28257. 4316. 28756. 4970. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000007620 0.01981 0.000 30807. 8405. 29822. 10811. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000032800 0.01540 0.000 29448. 14171. 29276. 13734. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000005650 0.02011 0.000 31590. 2816. 28756. 4970. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000001510 0.00125 0.000 30651. 10772. 29822. 10811. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000020000 0.00980 0.000 25847. 14659. 25384. 14499. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000070300 0.01980 0.000 22195. 12080. 22246. 11803. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000070300 0.11592 0.000 22246. 11803. 20638. 12168. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000052200 0.03571 0.000 20638. 12168. 20654. 11484. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000002560 0.00260 0.000 13036. 10323. 13722. 9572. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000003080 0.00522 0.000 13722. 9572. 15325. 10125. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000049300 0.09341 0.000 10025. 7901. 11509. 9079. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000049300 0.10589 0.000 11509. 9079. 13654. 8968. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000049300 0.02997 0.000 13654. 8968. 13722. 9572. 0.50 10.00

IV-18

CMPDI EIA/EMP OF CLUSTER - XI

2 0.000032800 0.08802 0.000 29276. 13734. 26891. 14964. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000032800 0.03567 0.000 26891. 14964. 25847. 14659. 0.50 10.00 3 0.000001390 0.01390 0.000 24600. 16819. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000000921 0.00921 0.000 15325. 10125. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000001260 0.01260 0.000 19635. 13387. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000001410 0.01410 0.000 25949. 12258. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000002660 0.02660 0.000 22195. 12080. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000004080 0.04080 0.000 20769. 10317. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000001120 0.01120 0.000 24361. 6717. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000000722 0.00722 0.000 28257. 4316. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000002140 0.02140 0.000 31590. 2816. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000002880 0.02880 0.000 30807. 8405. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000002040 0.20400 0.000 20654. 11484. 1000. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000018200 4.55000 0.000 29448. 14171. 500. 500. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000026800 13.13200 0.000 10025. 7901. 700. 700. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000106000 254.40000 0.000 13036. 10323. 4000. 600. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000022400 9.40800 0.000 30651. 10772. 700. 600. 5.00 0.00 ======TOTAL EMISSIONS 282.77310 1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 1 CONCENTRATIONS IN MICROGRAMS/M**3

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.000) ( 20933., 11366., 5.920) ( 22377., 13021., 0.085) ( 21123., 9143., 0.735) ( 24484., 10775., 0.031) ( 22614., 8505., 0.243) ( 24910., 8836., 0.021) ( 27941., 10254., 0.074) ( 27729., 5939., 0.023) ( 16034., 6389., 100.902) ( 1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 1 DEPOSITION RATE IN MICROGRAMS/M**2/SEC

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.000) ( 20933., 11366., 0.156) ( 22377., 13021., 0.001) ( 21123., 9143., 0.009) ( 24484., 10775., 0.000) ( 22614., 8505., 0.002) ( 24910., 8836., 0.000) ( 27941., 10254., 0.001) ( 27729., 5939., 0.000) ( 16034., 6389., 1.046) (

IV-19

CMPDI EIA/EMP OF CLUSTER - XI

1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 2 CONCENTRATIONS IN MICROGRAMS/M**3

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.000) ( 20933., 11366., 3.686) ( 22377., 13021., 0.029) ( 21123., 9143., 0.182) ( 24484., 10775., 0.006) ( 22614., 8505., 0.062) ( 24910., 8836., 0.005) ( 27941., 10254., 0.014) ( 27729., 5939., 0.010) ( 16034., 6389., 16.786) ( 1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 2 DEPOSITION RATE IN MICROGRAMS/M**2/SEC

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.000) ( 20933., 11366., 0.313) ( 22377., 13021., 0.001) ( 21123., 9143., 0.010) ( 24484., 10775., 0.000) ( 22614., 8505., 0.003) ( 24910., 8836., 0.000) ( 27941., 10254., 0.001) ( 27729., 5939., 0.000) ( 16034., 6389., 0.922) ( 1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 3 CONCENTRATIONS IN MICROGRAMS/M**3

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.000) ( 20933., 11366., 4.256) ( 22377., 13021., 0.027) ( 21123., 9143., 0.012) ( 24484., 10775., 0.013) ( 22614., 8505., 0.055) ( 24910., 8836., 0.037) ( 27941., 10254., 0.009) ( 27729., 5939., 0.033) ( 16034., 6389., 14.828) ( 1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 3 DEPOSITION RATE IN MICROGRAMS/M**2/SEC

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.000) ( 20933., 11366., 0.413) ( 22377., 13021., 0.002) ( 21123., 9143., 0.001) ( 24484., 10775., 0.001) ( 22614., 8505., 0.004) ( 24910., 8836., 0.003) ( 27941., 10254., 0.001) ( 27729., 5939., 0.003) ( 16034., 6389., 1.154) ( 1

IV-20

CMPDI EIA/EMP OF CLUSTER - XI

1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 4 CONCENTRATIONS IN MICROGRAMS/M**3

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.000) ( 20933., 11366., 5.431) ( 22377., 13021., 0.039) ( 21123., 9143., 0.012) ( 24484., 10775., 0.013) ( 22614., 8505., 0.093) ( 24910., 8836., 0.064) ( 27941., 10254., 0.017) ( 27729., 5939., 0.041) ( 16034., 6389., 27.899) ( 1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 4 DEPOSITION RATE IN MICROGRAMS/M**2/SEC

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.000) ( 20933., 11366., 0.511) ( 22377., 13021., 0.001) ( 21123., 9143., 0.000) ( 24484., 10775., 0.000) ( 22614., 8505., 0.003) ( 24910., 8836., 0.002) ( 27941., 10254., 0.001) ( 27729., 5939., 0.001) ( 16034., 6389., 0.897) ( 1 24 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 24 CONCENTRATIONS IN MICROGRAMS/M**3

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 5.171) ( 15796., 11177., 11.913) ( 18803., 10751., 9.119) ( 20933., 11366., 60.581) ( 22377., 13021., 1.149) ( 21123., 9143., 1.727) ( 24484., 10775., 3.680) ( 22614., 8505., 0.923) ( 24910., 8836., 1.377) ( 27941., 10254., 2.649) ( 27729., 5939., 0.587) ( 16034., 6389., 12.955) ( 1 24 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 24 DEPOSITION RATE IN MICROGRAMS/M**2/SEC

( 21671., 16540., 0.130) ( 14565., 12950., 0.353) ( 15796., 11177., 0.735) ( 18803., 10751., 0.290) ( 20933., 11366., 0.277) ( 22377., 13021., 0.007) ( 21123., 9143., 0.060) ( 24484., 10775., 0.097) ( 22614., 8505., 0.033) ( 24910., 8836., 0.037) ( 27941., 10254., 0.067) ( 27729., 5939., 0.026) ( 16034., 6389., 0.286) (

RUN TITLE:

IV-21

CMPDI EIA/EMP OF CLUSTER - XI

AIR QUALITY IMPACT PREDICTION FOR CLUSTER 11 FUTURE B SCENARIO

INPUT FILE NAME: futre112.IN OUTPUT FILE NAME: futre112.OUT PLOT OUTPUT WRITTEN TO FILE NAME: futre112.DAT

CONVERGENCE OPTION 1=OFF, 2=ON 1 MET OPTION SWITCH, 1=CARDS, 2=PREPROCESSED 1 PLOT FILE OUTPUT, 1=NO, 2=YES 2 MET DATA PRINT SWITCH, 1=NO, 2=YES 1 POST-PROCESSOR OUTPUT, 1=NO, 2=YES 1 DEP. VEL./GRAV. SETL. VEL., 1=DEFAULT, 2=USER 1 PRINT 1-HOUR AVERAGE CONCEN, 1=NO, 2=YES 2 PRINT 3-HOUR AVERAGE CONCEN, 1=NO, 2=YES 1 PRINT 8-HOUR AVERAGE CONCEN, 1=NO, 2=YES 1 PRINT 24-HOUR AVERAGE CONCEN, 1=NO, 2=YES 2 PRINT LONG-TERM AVERAGE CONCEN, 1=NO, 2=YES 1 NUMBER OF SOURCES PROCESSED 40 NUMBER OF RECEPTORS PROCESSED 13 NUMBER OF PARTICLE SIZE CLASSES 5 NUMBER OF HOURS OF MET DATA PROCESSED 24 LENGTH IN MINUTES OF 1-HOUR OF MET DATA 60. ROUGHNESS LENGTH IN CM 1.00 SCALING FACTOR FOR SOURCE AND RECPTORS 1.0000 PARTICLE DENSITY IN G/CM**3 2.20

GENERAL PARTICLE SIZE CLASS INFORMATION

GRAV. FRACTION PARTICLE CHAR. SETTLING DEPOSITION IN EACH SIZE DIA. VELOCITY VELOCITY SIZE CLASS (UM) (M/SEC) (M/SEC) CLASS ------1 1.0000000 ** ** 0.0300 2 6.2000000 ** ** 0.1800

IV-22

CMPDI EIA/EMP OF CLUSTER - XI

3 12.5000000 ** ** 0.1200 4 21.1000000 ** ** 0.2200 5 65.0000000 ** ** 0.4500 ------** COMPUTED BY FDM 1

RECEPTOR COORDINATES (X,Y,Z)

SOURCE INFORMATION

ENTERED EMIS. TOTAL RATE (G/SEC, EMISSION WIND G/SEC/M OR RATE SPEED X1 Y1 X2 Y2 HEIGHT WIDTH TYPE G/SEC/M**2) (G/SEC) FAC. (M) (M) (M) (M) (M) (M) ------2 0.000051200 0.12538 0.000 24600. 16819. 25384. 14499. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000145000 0.10343 0.000 25384. 14499. 25858. 13966. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000145000 0.47333 0.000 23858. 13966. 20594. 13918. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000145000 0.35304 0.000 20594. 13918. 20654. 11484. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000011100 0.02143 0.000 19635. 13387. 19889. 11473. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000011100 0.00849 0.000 19889. 11473. 20654. 11484. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000029500 0.03373 0.000 19804. 10719. 20654. 11484. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000009200 0.02061 0.000 18169. 9188. 19804. 10719. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000020300 0.02122 0.000 20769. 10317. 19804. 10719. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000009200 0.02513 0.000 15873. 10668. 18169. 9188. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000009200 0.00710 0.000 15325. 10125. 15873. 10668. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000093900 0.16047 0.000 27315. 13784. 25847. 14659. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000134000 0.52112 0.000 29822. 10811. 27315. 13784. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000047100 0.21279 0.000 26746. 7502. 29822. 10811. 0.50 10.00

IV-23

CMPDI EIA/EMP OF CLUSTER - XI

2 0.000001740 0.00350 0.000 24986. 8478. 26746. 7502. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000001740 0.00325 0.000 24361. 6717. 24986. 8478. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000045300 0.03135 0.000 27179. 6962. 26746. 7502. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000045300 0.02781 0.000 26710. 6566. 27179. 6962. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000045300 0.11325 0.000 28359. 4687. 26710. 6566. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000045300 0.02209 0.000 28756. 4970. 28359. 4687. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000019700 0.01621 0.000 28257. 4316. 28756. 4970. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000087400 0.17459 0.000 30807. 8405. 32446. 7263. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000025600 0.09113 0.000 31590. 2816. 28756. 4970. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000093900 0.04600 0.000 25847. 14659. 25384. 14499. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000065100 0.01834 0.000 22195. 12080. 22246. 11803. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000065100 0.10734 0.000 22246. 11803. 20638. 12168. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000210000 0.14409 0.000 20639. 12170. 20654. 11484. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000019700 0.03079 0.000 15292. 15694. 14850. 14195. 0.50 10.00 2 0.000019700 0.11329 0.000 14850. 14195. 20594. 13918. 0.50 10.00 3 0.000019400 0.19400 0.000 24600. 16819. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000003480 0.03480 0.000 15325. 10125. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000004230 0.04230 0.000 19635. 13387. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000024600 0.24600 0.000 22195. 12080. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000007710 0.07710 0.000 20769. 10317. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000001740 0.01740 0.000 24361. 6717. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000007470 0.07470 0.000 28257. 4316. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000009710 0.09710 0.000 31590. 2816. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000033100 0.33100 0.000 30807. 8405. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000007470 0.07470 0.000 15292. 15694. 100. 100. 5.00 0.00 3 0.000011900 1.19000 0.000 20654. 11484. 1000. 100. 5.00 0.00 ======TOTAL EMISSIONS 5.40940 1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 1 CONCENTRATIONS IN MICROGRAMS/M**3

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.009) ( 18803., 10751., 0.029) ( 20933., 11366., 33.361) ( 22377., 13021., 0.607) ( 21123., 9143., 2.425) ( 24484., 10775., 0.217) ( 22614., 8505., 0.932) ( 24910., 8836., 0.151) ( 27941., 10254., 0.290) ( 27729., 5939., 0.244) ( 16034., 6389., 0.001) (

IV-24

CMPDI EIA/EMP OF CLUSTER - XI

1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 1 DEPOSITION RATE IN MICROGRAMS/M**2/SEC

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.000) ( 20933., 11366., 0.899) ( 22377., 13021., 0.006) ( 21123., 9143., 0.029) ( 24484., 10775., 0.002) ( 22614., 8505., 0.009) ( 24910., 8836., 0.001) ( 27941., 10254., 0.002) ( 27729., 5939., 0.002) ( 16034., 6389., 0.000) ( 1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 2 CONCENTRATIONS IN MICROGRAMS/M**3

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.007) ( 18803., 10751., 0.009) ( 20933., 11366., 21.034) ( 22377., 13021., 0.208) ( 21123., 9143., 0.609) ( 24484., 10775., 0.043) ( 22614., 8505., 0.270) ( 24910., 8836., 0.033) ( 27941., 10254., 0.060) ( 27729., 5939., 0.098) ( 16034., 6389., 0.004) ( 1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 2 DEPOSITION RATE IN MICROGRAMS/M**2/SEC

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.000) ( 20933., 11366., 1.808) ( 22377., 13021., 0.009) ( 21123., 9143., 0.033) ( 24484., 10775., 0.002) ( 22614., 8505., 0.014) ( 24910., 8836., 0.002) ( 27941., 10254., 0.003) ( 27729., 5939., 0.005) ( 16034., 6389., 0.000) ( 1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 3 CONCENTRATIONS IN MICROGRAMS/M**3

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.010) ( 20933., 11366., 24.457) ( 22377., 13021., 0.190) ( 21123., 9143., 0.033) ( 24484., 10775., 0.079) ( 22614., 8505., 0.200) ( 24910., 8836., 0.151) ( 27941., 10254., 0.021) ( 27729., 5939., 0.185) ( 16034., 6389., 0.000) ( 1

IV-25

CMPDI EIA/EMP OF CLUSTER - XI

1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 3 DEPOSITION RATE IN MICROGRAMS/M**2/SEC

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.001) ( 20933., 11366., 2.387) ( 22377., 13021., 0.013) ( 21123., 9143., 0.002) ( 24484., 10775., 0.006) ( 22614., 8505., 0.015) ( 24910., 8836., 0.011) ( 27941., 10254., 0.001) ( 27729., 5939., 0.014) ( 16034., 6389., 0.000) ( 1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 4 CONCENTRATIONS IN MICROGRAMS/M**3

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.017) ( 20933., 11366., 31.226) ( 22377., 13021., 0.278) ( 21123., 9143., 0.036) ( 24484., 10775., 0.092) ( 22614., 8505., 0.290) ( 24910., 8836., 0.228) ( 27941., 10254., 0.022) ( 27729., 5939., 0.228) ( 16034., 6389., 0.000) ( 1 1 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 4 DEPOSITION RATE IN MICROGRAMS/M**2/SEC

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.000) ( 20933., 11366., 2.964) ( 22377., 13021., 0.010) ( 21123., 9143., 0.001) ( 24484., 10775., 0.003) ( 22614., 8505., 0.010) ( 24910., 8836., 0.007) ( 27941., 10254., 0.001) ( 27729., 5939., 0.007) ( 16034., 6389., 0.000) ( 1 24 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 24 CONCENTRATIONS IN MICROGRAMS/M**3

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.025) ( 15796., 11177., 0.015) ( 18803., 10751., 0.326) ( 20933., 11366., 32.149) ( 22377., 13021., 0.949) ( 21123., 9143., 1.572) ( 24484., 10775., 3.546) ( 22614., 8505., 0.162) ( 24910., 8836., 0.120) ( 27941., 10254., 0.167) (27729., 5939., 0.165) ( 16034., 6389., 0.502) ( 1 24 HOUR AVERAGE FOR HOUR ENDING 24

IV-26

CMPDI EIA/EMP OF CLUSTER - XI

DEPOSITION RATE IN MICROGRAMS/M**2/SEC

( 21671., 16540., 0.000) ( 14565., 12950., 0.000) ( 15796., 11177., 0.000) ( 18803., 10751., 0.003) ( 20933., 11366., 1.222) ( 22377., 13021., 0.015) ( 21123., 9143., 0.004) ( 24484., 10775., 0.004) ( 22614., 8505., 0.003) ( 24910., 8836., 0.003) ( 27941., 10254., 0.002) ( 27729., 5939., 0.007) ( 16034., 6389., 0.004) (

IV-27

CMPDI EIA/EMP OF CLUSTER - XI

4.1.6 Comparison of TSP Concentrations at defined Receptors (baseline stations) for the three Scenarios

The contribution of TSPM and PM10 (considering 35% of TSPM as PM10) at the receptors from mining activities as brought out by the modeling exercises for the three scenarios as above are tabulated and compared as under – Locati Remarks A B C SI.N Location Name on o. TSPM PM10 TSPM PM10 TSPM PM10 Code Core Zone Krishnanagar, A2 500 m from Mine Pit top 0.00 0.00 5.17 1.81 0.03 0.01 1. Mine Office New Kenda, A3 -do- 0.00 0.00 11.91 4.17 0.02 0.01 2. Mine Office Lower Kenda, A4 -do- 0.05 0.02 9.12 3.19 0.33 0.11 3. Sub. Office Chora Pit Mine A5 -do- 28.50 9.97 60.58 21.20 32.15 11.25 4. Office Haripur, Sub. A6 -do- 0.20 0.07 1.15 0.40 0.57 0.20 5. Office Bahula, Mine A7 -do- 0.16 0.05 1.73 0.60 0.22 0.08 6. Office Chora UG, Mine A8 -do- 0.13 0.05 3.68 1.29 0.15 0.05 7. Office C.L. Jambad A9 -do- 0.09 0.03 0.92 0.32 0.16 0.06 8. UG, Mine Office Siduli, Agent A10 -do- 0.03 0.01 1.38 0.48 0.12 0.04 9. Office Shankarpur UG, A11 -do- 0.02 0.01 2.65 0.93 0.17 0.06 10. Mine Office Khandra, Mine A12 -do- 0.02 0.01 0.59 0.21 0.17 0.06 11. Office Buffer Zone Kept as Control Station Habitation at a distance 12. Chinchuria A1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 of 3.0 km towards NE of operating mine area Habitation at a distance of 4.0 km distance from 13. Beniyadidanga A13 0.42 0.15 12.96 4.35 0.50 0.18 the mine towards SW direction The above receptors (baseline stations) have been shown in Plate – 8.

IV-28

CMPDI EIA/EMP OF CLUSTER - XI

Predicted impact of mining activities on ambient air quality (PM10 Concentrations) at the receptors are tabulated as below –

Name of Category Existing PM10 Incremental PM10 Resultant PM10 MoEF Station Concentrations Concentrations Concentrations Standards (98th During After During After (GSR 742 Percentile) operation exhaustion operation exhaustion (E)) for of OC of OC of OC of OC old patches patches patches patches coalfields Core Zone Krishnanagar, I 94.0 Mine Office 1.81 0.01 95.81 94.01 New Kenda, I 120.5 Mine Office 4.17 0.01 124.67 120.51 Lower Kenda, I 121.2 Sub. Office 3.17 0.09 124.37 121.29 Chora Pit Mine 121.2 I Office 11.23 1.28 132.43 122.48 Haripur, Sub. I 121.2 Office 0.33 0.13 121.53 121.33 Bahula, Mine I 121.2 Office 0.55 0.03 121.75 121.23 300 Chora UG, I 121.2 Mine Office 1.24 0.00 122.44 121.2 C.L. Jambad I 121.2 UG, Mine Office 0.29 0.03 121.49 121.23 Siduli, Agent I 119.0 Office 0.47 0.03 119.47 119.03 Shankarpur I 119.6 UG, Mine Office 0.92 0.05 120.52 119.65 Khandra, Mine I 122.0 Office 0.20 0.05 122.2 122.05 Buffer Zone Chinchuria R 88.8 0.00 0.00 88.8 88.8 100 Beniyadidanga R 91.8 0.05 1.52 91.85 93.32

4.1.7 Observations from the Impact Prediction Exercise It can be observed that the present mining activities have an almost insignificant contribution to the pollution load of the cluster. However, as anticipated, there will be an appreciable impact at some of the industrial category locations during the operation of

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the OC patches at peak capacity for a brief period. Nevertheless, after exhaustion of these patches, the contribution of air pollutants from UG mining activities will be less and the level of pollutants well below the permissible limits although production from the mines is expected to be at much higher level than present although the final coal transportation distance will increase by around 3.0 km (4.87%) from the present distance. This increase is mainly due to commencement in operation of Krishnanagar UG, a closed mine.

4.1.8 Air Pollution Control Measures  For Road Transport of Coal The following measures will be taken: . Surfacing of all service roads/permanent roads by asphalt. . The metalled roads shall be kept free of potholes, etc. . Regular maintenance of trucks and payloaders to limit emission of harmful exhaust fumes. . Water will be sprayed on coal transport road at regular intervals. Water mixed with suitable binders available for the purpose will be sprayed at the rate of 2 litres / sqm of road, twice a day. Total road area for the coal transport route is 87 Ha (87000 m X 5 m) during operation of OC patches. Thus, 435 KL water / day will be required for spraying and, accordingly, 1 to 3 nos. of 10 KL mobile water sprinklers will be provided at each mine depending on the number of OC patches to be operated. . Physical removal of dust from the roads. . Avenue plantation along roads will be 15 m wide and raised in three tier fashion. . Wetting of coal before transport. . Transportation of coal from mini CHP to Railway Siding by covered trucks.

 For Coal handling at mini CHP and Railway Siding The following control measures will be adopted during coal handling: . Suppression of coal dust generated during coal loading and unloading operations at mine and Railway Siding by fine nozzle mounted fixed sprinklers. The

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sprinklers will be mist – type such that the diameter of the droplets is equal to the diameter of the dust particles for effective dust control. One such sprinkler will be installed at the truck loading point of each of the mine and two nos. for the ground stockpile. Ten more sprinklers spaced 100m apart would be required at the railway siding. . Minimization of the height of coal-fall at transfer points to reduce the dust generation. . Improved maintenance of plant and machinery. . Green belt in 3 tier fashion will be raised around the railway siding to prevent propagation of dust and noise.  For Fires (a) At coal stockyards . Limiting the amount of stock by giving close attention to marketing besides following the "first-in and first-out" sequence. . Attention to the following while stacking of coal:  Proper dimensions of stack (height to be limited to not more than 8m).  Dozing/compaction to make the stock semi-consolidated.  Regular and strict supervision of stacks.  Provision of fire fighting arrangement with supply of adequate quantity of water at sufficient pressure.  Infusion of nitrogen along with new fire fighting chemicals like 'Soil- Cement', through perforated pipes laid in the grooves made on the ground to delay spontaneous heating by reducing/preventing ingress of oxygen or air into the stack. (b) At workshops and stores . Proper ventilation system in at workshops and stores. . Fire-fighting equipment 4.3 IMPACT ASSESSMENT & CONTROL MEASURES FOR WATER

Mining is a dynamic phenomenon. The mining activity creates disequilibrium in environmental scenario of the area and disturbs the groundwater

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conditions/regime in particular. The impact on water regime due to mining activity can be broadly classified as under:  Impact on topography  Impact on surface water and quality  Impact on groundwater and quality

4.3.1 IMPACT ON TOPOGRAPHY

Cluster-XI group of mines of ECL is a group of eleven mines re-organised in seven groups in the Raniganj Coalfield of the Eastern Coalfield Limited in the Burdwan District of West Bengal state. Five opencast patches/mines have also been proposed to extract coal from coal pillars at shallow depth for a limited period. Pre-mining surface R.L. of the area varies from 90 m to 122 m in the Cluster-11 core zone.

a) Underground mining: There will be minimum changes in topography during the underground mining activities for exploitation of coal seams in the study area. During development, only the topography and soil lying in the immediate vicinity of mine mouth get affected. Depillaring with caving method may cause some land degradation and alter the land use pattern of the area but depillaring with hydraulic sand stowing causes no impact on topography.

The present method of mining is development by Bord & Pillar and depillaring with hydraulic sand stowing in almost all the underground mines. Depillaring with caving has not been proposed in any of the underground mines. Subsidence does not occur during depillaring with hydraulic sand stowing operation. The depth of depillaring will vary from 100 m (Shankarpur UG) to 266 m (New Kenda UG) from the surface. Except the vicinity of mine mouth (i.e. Shaft /inclines), post-mining elevation of the surface will be remained same at the time of mine closure.

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The topography of the area has already been affected during the extraction of upper seam. No further areas will be brought under subsidence. After completion of mining activities, the subsided areas, if any, will be graded and planted upon. Regular monitoring of subsidence movement on the surface over and around the working area and its impact on natural drainage pattern, water bodies, vegetation, structures, roads, railways, and surroundings will be continued till movement ceases completely. If any subsidence is noticed, necessary remedial measure will be taken up without any delay. Cracks and potholes will be effectively plugged tightly with soil, mud and non-carbonaceous debris and regularly dozed so that the topography does not change substantially and artificial water bodies are not created. Necessary mitigation measures like levelling and grading of surface are to be taken up. The subsided area will be brought back to the original land use pattern to the maximum extent possible. The reclamation of subsided area and subsequent afforestation /Agricultural activity will be carried out. Effective control measures will be taken so as to minimize land degradation.

B) Opencast Mining:

A local change in ground topography has already been taken place due to opencast mining activities in the study area. There are 16 numbers of opencast OC voids in the lease hold area of New Kenda (9 nos.), Bahula (3 nos.), Siduli (1 no.), Shankarpur (1 no.) and Chora (2 nos) Cluster-11 area created by opencast mining during pre-nationalization and post-nationalisation periods. The total area of excavation is 122 Ha. Most of the quarries/voids are very small and are presently waterlogged and meeting the water requirements of the local population. It is proposed that the above old voids (abandoned quarries) will be partly filled up with available OB in the old external dumps and backfilled will be reclaimed with plantation. The old external dump area after re-handling will be brought under plantation.

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A total of five opencast patches/mines of Cluster-11 i.e. Banbahal OC, Shankarpur/CL Jambad OC, West Kenda OC, New Kenda OC and Shankarpur OC due to mining operation such as open pit, embankment, dumps of overburden and coal, etc. Detail of opencast patches is shown in Table No-4.2.

Table No-4.2 : Details of Opencast patches to be worked in Cluster-XI Area

Sl Area Mineable Volume of OB Peak Life in years No (Ha) Reserves to be Capacity (MT) generated (MTY) 3 Name of Mine (Million M )

1 W Kenda OC Patch/ 2 49 1.18 7.65 0.75 Mine 2 New Kenda OC 8 240 22 211 3.90 Patch/ Mine 3 Bonbahal OC 3 25 1.1 6.27 0.50 Patch/ Mine 4 Shankarpur/CL Exhausted and being backfilled Jambad OC Patch/ 52 Mine 5 4 Shankarpur OC 42 7.85 34 2.30 Patch/mine

Total 408 32.13 258.92 7.45

These opencast mines will further be responsible for changing the topography of the area. Within the core zone area, cracks and loosening of soils would be resulted due to mining and associated activities such as drilling, blasting, etc thereby physical/textural changes would occur in soil/formation. This mine induced process increases the rate of infiltration and recharge. On the other hand, soil is more susceptible for changes due to erosion, leaching phenomena/ process, etc. Further the fine dust particles of coal and overburden may adversely affect the porosity of soils.

The environmental impact will be for a short period only as most of the opencast patches will be operated for two to four years only except New Kenda OC patch

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which will run for 8 years. Opencast mining activities will be restricted in 408 Ha areas out of total leasehold area of 4218 Ha of Cluster-11. This opencast mine/patch to be operated will be completely filled-up after exhaustion of reserves and reclaimed with plantation. Total 258.92 Million m3 of overburden (OB) will be generated from four proposed opencast patches during the life of the mines. The total OB of the opencast patch/mine is to be dumped internally over the de-coaled area. The opencast mining area is about 6 to 7 1% of the total leasehold area of the Cluster-11. Top soil removed from the excavated areas will be kept in a top-soil dump. After exhaustion of the coal reserves available in these mines/patches, the quarried out area will be backfilled and the top-soil enriched with good soil and manure and biologically reclaimed with plantation. The back-filled area of the opencast patch/mine will be biologically reclaimed with the help of experts and there will be no further external OB dump.

The back-filled may be a good media for high groundwater recharge due to high permeability. It may be appropriate to highlight the fact that temporary groundwater loss/deficit created during active mining stage would be compensated by these different means in the post mining stage so that the initial groundwater levels are regained to normalcy at the earliest for utility of the area.

The ground elevation of the Cluster-11 mines ranges from 90 m to 122 m. above mean sea level (MSL) before mining. Post mining elevation of the surface will be remained same.

Afforestation and Plantation:

The subsided area developed during underground mining, if any, will be brought back to the original land use pattern to the maximum extent possible. The reclamation of subsided area and subsequent afforestation /plantation activity

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would be carried out. Effective control measures would be taken so as to minimize land degradation.

The OB dump will be used to fill up the voids and merged to surrounding landscape and can be further developed to restore them for agricultural use. The original land profile can be maintained for post mining land use which can be restored for agricultural use.

Finally, after the cessation of underground mining activity within the Cluster-11 area, the entire surface land will again be surveyed and any patch of surface cracks/subsided land, if detected, would be replenished in such a manner that the entire area attains the natural topography of the area as far as possible. It would also be ensured that the entire subsided land is afforested by selecting appropriate species in consultation with State Authorities.

The final voids of opencast mine/patch will be backfilled and biologically reclaimed. The original land profile can be maintained for post mining land use. The present plantation area is 170.40 Ha. After the closing of mining activities, the plantation will be done in the area covering the external waste dump (55 Ha) and Quarry/Excavation area (40 Ha). Plantation will also be done in colliery infrastructure and built-up area.

Besides above, the Danga land and other areas suitable for plantation shall also be brought under green cover. Thus, in this way the final

4.3.2 IMPACT ON SURFACE WATER AND ITS QUALITY

There is no effect in water bodies and the drainage system or run-off in the underground mining area since the mining activities are taking place at depth (100 m to 266 m) and also due to exploitation of coal through depillaring with

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hydraulic sand stowing to avoid subsidence. Underground mining is being carried out as per statutes under the streams/nalas flowing within the lease hold boundary.

A number of ponds, most of which are shallow water reservoirs, are scattered over the area of Cluster-11. The area is drained by Singaran nala and Tumni nala and their tributaries. The mining activities will not have any impact on the drainage system or any surface water bodies in the study area.

The mining area of Cluster-11 is located in the Singaran nala watershed as well as Tumni nala watershed. Out of total mining area of 42.18 sq. km of this cluster, 27.23 sq. km. mining area falls within Singaran nala watershed and rest of the mining area (14.95 sq. km) is located in the Tumni nala Watershed. The watershed /catchments area of Singaran nala and Tumni nala are 169.00 sq. km and 180.12 sq. km respectively. Special care is to be taken up (sand stowing in UG mines, Garland drains around OC and Toe-wall around Overburden) to minimize the impact of mining on watershed. Depillaring operation is being done with hydraulic sand stowing so that there will be no impact on any type of surface water bodies. Care is to be taken up during mining activity to leave enough pillars in underground as barriers below main drainage/water body to avoid any damage.

Subsidence due to total extraction of coal causes changes in topography and drainage by developing micro basins, subsidence features, ridges, pot holes etc. This alters the drainage of the area in micro level. As depillaring with hydraulic sand stowing is being done in all the mines, so there will be minimum chance of alteration of drainage in the area.

As mentioned earlier, there would be change in the ground topography, infiltration capacity or rate of soil formation/erosion and sediment load in Jore/Nalas due to mining operation resulting in some local change in drainage

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pattern and surface run-off in core zone of opencast mine. But opencast mining activities are restricted in an area of 408 Ha under the leasehold area (4218 Ha) of Cluster-11. There is no diversion of any nala required in this Cluster of mines.

Mine water is to be collected and passed through sedimentation tank/pond to arrest the silt. This treated mine water will be utilised for industrial and domestic requirement of villages and colonies of the mine area and rest of the water after treatment discharged into local tanks/mine voids to recharge the groundwater system and for irrigation. The surface run-off from the mine area will be free from suspended particles and its mixing may not induce any change in the surface water quality. The surface water quality in the area is satisfactory and its mixing with surface water may not affect the quality adversely. Thus it will not have any significant impact on the hydrogeology of the area.

Water pollution may be caused from effluent coming out from the industrial area due to washing of mining equipments, workshop and fire fighting. The total industrial effluent will be treated first in grease & oil trap and then in sedimentation ponds to get the suspended particles settled. Water thus regained will be re-circulated for its use for industrial purpose. It would be a closed water circuit; there will not be any industrial effluent discharge from the mine.

No acid mine drainage has been reported in the area. This is proven by pH of the mine water. Normally, the coal mining activity does not induce any unwanted chemical or elements into the groundwater affecting the water chemistry except for total suspended solids (TSS); no serious pollutant has been observed in the mine water discharge. The analytical results of mine pumping water and surface water from the Cluster-11 mining area are well within the MOEF standards and IS: 2296, 1982 for Inland surface water (Class C) respectively.

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4.3.3 IMPACT ON GROUNDWATER SYSTEM

Mining is associated with groundwater problems, particularly when it is below water table. The impact of mining on groundwater is mainly dependent on parameters of mines and aquifers, groundwater recharge-discharge processes etc. In both the underground and opencast mining, the unconfined aquifer and the semi-confined aquifers are get affected due to continuous gravity drainage and conventional sump pumping or advance dewatering schemes for efficient and safe working. Cluster-11 consists of eleven underground mines and five opencast patches.

Impact on aquifer due to caving: With the presence of low permeable beds such as clay/shale and younger coal seams in the formation laying above the working seams the water level in the phreatic/top unconfined aquifer has not been much affected during the development in all the underground mines. The topography of the area has already been affected during the extraction of upper seams. No further areas will be brought under subsidence. Presently, depillaring with hydraulic sand stowing is being done in all the underground mines. Therefore, subsidence is not expected in the mining area of Cluster-11. As a result both the phreatic and semi-confined aquifers get least affected except the mine mouth due to sinking Shaft or inclines. If subsidence (caving) takes place during mine operation, both the phreatic and semi-confined aquifers get affected. No further depillaring is to be done through caving method in any of the mines of this cluster. As there will be no further subsidence in the study area, it is expected that there will be no depletion of water table.

Impact on aquifer due to mine pumping: Cluster-11 consists of operating eleven underground mines and five opencast patches, the impact of mining activity on aquifer is/ will be there due to mine inflow and subsequently mine pumping.

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In both the underground and opencast mines, the different aquifers overlying the working coal seam would be contributing ground water to the mine by gravity drainage since they are punctured at the mine. The anticipated average groundwater inflow of all the mines of Cluster-11 is about 16010 m3/day. As such due to this pumping /gravity drainage, cone of depression would be formed. The shape and extent of the cone would depend mainly on hydraulic conductivity and specific yield of the aquifers, mine depth, area etc. Generally steep drawdown cone would be formed in low potential aquifers thereby the area of influence is small distance and reverse is established in respect of aquifers with high hydraulic conductivity. The individual permeable beds develop individual drawdown cones and the impact is usually limited to few hundred meters. However, the Radius of Mine Influence area has been estimated for Cluster-11

mines by using Sichardt‟s formula (R=C×(h-hw)×√k). Based on the aquifer and mine parameters the radius of mine influence works out considering average hydraulic conductivity value of 0.01 (semi-confined aquifer) to 0.42 m/day (unconfined aquifer) at final mine depth is given in Table No- 4.3

Table No-4.3 : Radius of Mine Influence Area Project/Mine Max. Maximum Maximum Radius of Name Mine Mine Inflow probable influence depth (m3/day) drawdown (m) (m) (m) Krishnanagar UG 120 1150 26 240 Haripur UG 240 1350 26 310 Chora Block Incline 180 850 21 190 Chora 7, 9 and 10 240 1200 20 250 pits New Kenda UG 266 1800 19 225 Lower Kenda UG + 220 1300 26 290 OC Bahula UG 160 1300 20 210 CL Jambad UG 110 850 22 200 Siduli UG 200 1500 23 260 Khandra UG 180 1600 26 280 Shankarpur UG + 100 1660 23 200 OC

However the present mine flow of Cluster-11 mines is 11150 m3/day( Table No.27). Pre-monsoon water level in the core zone varies from 2.90 m to 10.05 m

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with an average value of 5.78 m below ground level (b.g.l) in 2013 and post- monsoon water level varies from 2.25 m to 9.25 m with an average value of 3.90 m (b.g.l) in 2012. It indicates that there is little / no impact on water level noticed in the core zone at present. It is to be noted that all the mines of these cluster are being operated for more than 30 to 40 years. The aquifers are getting recharged by artificial recharge and re-circulated mine discharged water.

It may be appropriate to mention here that the presence of prominent boundaries/water bodies, faults and also inter-fingering of sandstone and shale beds may restrict the propagation of drawdown cone. Due to presence of Tumni nala in the northeast of the cluster and Singaran nala in the southeast of the cluster, the radius of influence will not be propagating across the river/nala/jore.

With the variation in aquifer/mine geometry, multi-aquifer system, return flow from mine discharge, abundant recharge, the zone of disturbance will be reduced. Thus, the propagation of drawdown cone will be limited to a small distance for a temporary period. Mine induced effect will be noticed near the mine in the down-dip side and becomes milder/insignificant thereafter. However the effect is limited or negligible in the up-dip side of the incrop zone due to shallow mine depth of the area. Only unconfined aquifer is going to be affected for mining activity to the immediate vicinity of the mine area as the semi-confined aquifer below is continuously recharged from above unconfined aquifer. Therefore the drawdown is restricted only within the unconfined aquifer.

The ground water chemistry indicates that the ground water in the area is potable and does not contain any toxic elements. The underground and opencast mining activity in the area does not induce any unwanted chemical or elements into the ground water affecting the water chemistry. The analytical results of ground water from the Cluster-11 mining are well within the IS: 10500 standards of drinking water.

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4.3.4 WATER HARVESTING & ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE Coal mining is the major industrial activity in the area. Ground water pumping is an integral part of coal mining. Besides this, groundwater utilization is mainly for domestic and irrigation use in the study area.

To minimize the impact of mining on ground water system, the project/mine authority has been adopting all possible measure to increase the ground water recharge potential.

The stage of ground water development in the buffer zone (10 km from the periphery of the core zone) of Cluster-11 comes to about 30.71%. As per the data collected from the Central Ground Water Board, Kolkata, the stage of ground water development in the Jamuria Block, Andal-Pandaveswar Block and Raniganj Block are 4.73%, 3.57% and 5.97% respectively in which Cluster-11 mines and its buffer zone located and the region falls within the “Safe” category. So, artificial recharge is not urgently required in the buffer zone of the Cluster-11.

However, artificial recharge may be done for more use of ground water for irrigation augmentation in the study area when the source of water is easily available for recharging.

Groundwater inflow (16010 m3/day) and mine influence area (maximum 310 m from the mine edge) have been estimated and the groundwater monitoring would be undertaken as corrective measure to avoid adverse effects. After meeting the both industrial and domestic demand of the mines of Cluster-11, the surplus mine water 2210 m3/day will be supplied to near by villages/Colliery for use of domestic, irrigation and artificial recharge. Dug wells NKS-3 (Bijpur village), NKS- 4 (Balanpur village), NKS-6A (Ikra village), NKS-46 (Sankarpur), NKS-64 (Madhusudanpur) and many other wells are being recharged by mine water through pipeline. Out of 2210 m3/day surplus mine water, 550 m3/day, 1180 m3/day and 480 m3/day are being supplied for domestic use of peripheral

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villages, irrigation and artificial recharges to the ground water system respectively. Besides this, domestic waste water of 4100 m3/day is also being recharged to the Ground water system. Utilization of mine water for irrigation use is also enhancing the ground water recharge potential through artificial recharge in the area.

The artificial recharge by water conservation structures in the outside mine influence areas will check water level lowering. But within the mine influence area it may not be a viable solution because of the reason that recharged water would drain into the mine at a faster rate due to the steep hydraulic gradients resulted in the mining activity. However, artificial recharge will be taken up for improving the quality of ground water.

The impact on ground water level is being minimized by artificial recharge by spreading of pumped out water, creation and filling of ponds with mine water and construction of rainwater harvesting structure.

Rain Water Harvesting is a deliberate collection and storage of rain water that runs off on natural and man-made catchments area. The amount of water Harvested depends on the frequency and intensity of the rainfall and characteristics of the catchments to allow the precipitate to infiltrate through the sub-soil and percolate down to recharge aquifers.

In the monsoon season the garland drain channels the surface run-off from the mine area without any contamination and is accumulated in earthen water pool developed in Haripur, New Kenda, Bahula, Siduli and Shankarpur villages which will not only be helpful in re-charging the ground water of the area but will fulfil the non-drinking water demand of near by inhabitants also.

In the monsoon season the garland drain channels the surface run-off from the mine area without any contamination and will be discharged into Tumni nala/

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Singaran nala Jore. Roof-top rainwater Harvesting will be taken up in the project area using the administrative buildings if required. Rainwater Harvesting and artificial recharge will also take place through abandoned dug-wells and final voids of old mines for increasing ground water potential and check water level lowering.

After mine closure, void of opencast and underground workings will be waterlogged. This will help in maintaining the water table in the surrounding areas and may become a source of water supply to the community.

The abandoned underground mine workings and old quarry behave as huge ground water reservoirs and contain groundwater runoff (i.e. planned recharge). The pond, tanks, stop dams etc constructed in the rehabilitated and affected villages also augment the groundwater recharge.

Creation of awareness among workers and local peoples about rain water Harvesting and artificial recharge will be given priority. This aspect is usually covered during the Environmental Week celebrated every year (5th to 12th June).

4.3.5 CONSERVATION MEASURES  The mine discharge will be effectively utilize to meet the mine‟s domestic and industrial needs. Almost, the entire industrial and part of domestic water demand of the Cluster-11 project has been met from treated mine water.  After cessation of mining, with plenty rainfall and abundant ground water recharge, the water levels will recoup and attain normalcy. Thus, the impact of mining on groundwater system may be considered as a temporary phenomenon. The abandoned mine workings (underground and opencast) also behave as water pool and improve the resources availability in the area.

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 To increase the source availability, Hand pumps and in some places piped water supply will be provided nearby villages.  The treated mine water from is being supplied to nearby villages for their irrigation and domestic use. From Haripur UG to Haripur village & colony, New Kenda UG to New Kenda village & colony, Chora UG to Gaighata village & colony, Bahula UG to Bahula village & colony, CL Jambad to Jambad colony, Siduli UG to Siduli village and Shankarpur UG to Shankar village and Area Complex. Thereby the mine water, from the existing mines in the area, is a resource for local villages.  The excess mine water can be used to recharge groundwater system through connecting pipeline to abandoned dug wells (NKS-3, NKS-4, NKS-6A, NKS-46, NKS-64 etc).  Regular plantation will be taken up during the life of the mine to create green barrier. The plant species will be selected in consultation with State Forest Department.

4.3.6 FUTURE STRATEGY  To assess the impact on local water levels, in time and space coordinates, a monitoring network in the zone of influence will be established and the water levels will be monitored quarterly.  To create the water resources and to increase groundwater recharge in the nearby villages, under community development, Hand pumps and tanks/ponds will be constructed or strengthened.  To meet the acute shortage of drinking water in peripheral villages of ECL, action has also been taken to supply water Tankers mounted on Tractor Chassis.  Utilization of mine water for irrigation use will also enhance the ground water recharge potential through artificial recharge in the area.  Increase vegetative cover by plantation in the mine area under land amelioration measures. This will contain the surface run-off and increase the ground water recharge.

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 The impact on ground water level will be minimized by artificial recharge by spreading of pumped out water, creation and filling of ponds with mine water and construction of rainwater Harvesting structure. Creation of awareness among workers and local peoples about Rain water Harvesting and artificial recharge will be given priority. This aspect is usually covered during the Environmental Week celebrated every year (5th to 12th June).  Rain water along with surplus mine pumping water will be discharge into surface reservoirs/tank/pond/mine voids after passing through the settling tank. Necessary earthen check dams will be made in the nala for recharging ground water aquifer. Rainwater Harvesting and artificial recharge will also take place through abandoned dug-wells and final voids of opencast mines for increasing ground water potential and check water level lowering.  Utilization of treated mine water discharge by both industry and local people in the mine influence area.  Monitoring of water quality of mine water discharge, local River/nala and domestic water source (dug well/Hand pump wells) will be continued under routine monitoring (February, May, August & November).  During course of operation, area received considerable impact, suitable control and remedial measures would be adopted by the mine authorities.  Any other measures recommended by the regulatory agencies.

4.4 IMPACT ASSESSMENT & CONTROL MEASURES FOR NOISE & BLASTING

The sources of noise will be: . Drilling operation in coal and OB. . Blasting for coal & overburden . Operation of HEMMs like shovels, dumpers, dozers, graders, front-end loaders, etc . Operation of equipment in workshop, etc. The noise associated with mining activities may be classified into three types

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. Continuous . Intermittent . Impulse

The workmen associated with the operation of HEMMs, etc. will experience a noise level above stipulated 90 dB (A) [DGMS Circular, No.18 (Tech.) of 1975] for more than 4-4.5 hours per shift. Unless suitable mitigatory measures are taken, high noise pollution will have impact on the workmen. It is worthwhile to mention that intermittent and impulse noises are considered to be less dangerous than continuous noise due to the short exposure duration except under the situation when the level exceeds 115 dB (A).

4.4.1 Impact of noise nuisance & blasting The ambient noise level of the project will be monitored regularly. Noise levels are likely to remain within the limits of the prescribed standard. So the noise produced from this project will not have auditory, non-auditory, masking effects, etc. as suitable mitigation measures shall be taken in the project.

Controlled blasting technique will be adopted in the project. So, there will be no adverse effects on life, property and ambient noise.

4.4.2 Acceptable noise levels and peak particle velocity Assessment of impact of noise nuisance of a workplace can be achieved by comparing the level with TLV prescribed by the DGMS. There are also standards relating exposure time with noise levels from the International Standard Organization (ISO) and American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). These standards may also be used to assess the impact of noise in workplaces. The acceptable noise levels for residential, commercial and other institutional areas prescribed by the Central Pollution Control Board are given in Chapter III. 4.4.3 Noise pollution control measures

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The following measures shall be taken : . Proper designing of plant & machinery by providing in-built mechanisms like silencers, mufflers and enclosures for noise generating parts and shock absorbing pads at the foundation of vibrating equipment. . Routine maintenance of equipment. . Rational deployment of noise generating plant and machinery. . Greenbelts around the quarry, infrastructure sites and service building area besides avenue plantation on both sides of the roads . To maintain noise level at night time within the limit for the inhabited localities situated at a very close proximity. . HEMMs with sound proof cabins. . Personal protective devices to all the persons working in high noise areas. . Regular monitoring of noise levels at various points.

4.4.4 Blasting vibration control measures Measures for safe blasting Due attention will be given to the following factors: (a) All provisions of Coal Mines Regulations will be followed. (b) Quantity of explosive The quantity of explosive will be decided as per condition imposed by DGMS. (c) Stemming material Stemming material to be used is sand. However, the drill cuttings and chips of triangular shape can be used as an effective stemming material with proper packing. (d) Delay system Use of millisecond delay detonators that are initiated by shock tube initiation system, between rows and between holes in the same row. (e) Blasting time Blasting will be done in day time during the shift change over period as per requirement. However, the frequency of blasting will depend upon the availability

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of land (tenancy in particular), DGMS permission for use of explosive, meteorological condition, geo-mining condition and method of mining. (f) Warning Before blasting is done, warning sound shall be given and placards/flags will be displayed so that people can move to safe places.

4.4.5 Vibration control . Proper conformation to measures for safe blasting as mentioned above, to avoid damage to any structure or annoyance to the people in the adjoining areas. . Proper design factor will be taken while constructing various structures for stability against vibration. . A safe blasting zone will be kept around the periphery of the quarry. This zone is kept free from village habitation and community infrastructure and thus impact of vibration after blasting on the surface structures is avoided. . Controlled blasting will be done near built-up areas and surface features, as and when required.

4.5 IMPACT ON LAND RESOURCE AND ITS MANAGEMENT

4.5.1 Impact on land use pattern

The impact of opencast coal mine and underground mine on land is the change in land use pattern. The changes in this project are due to the following:

 Quarrying and external dumping  Construction of infrastructure.  Subsidence The alteration in land use pattern due to infrastructure is not to be considered as true degradation as these facilities can be utilized for some other purposes after the mining operation is over. The change in land use pattern due to activities of quarrying may be considered as true change in land use pattern. Hence, land

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rehabilitation scheme is planned for reclaiming the excavation area of this project.

Operational stage land use plan

Fig. 4.1shows the present land use details of the Cluster-XI. Fig. 4.2 highlights the land use details at end of mine operation of Cluster-XI.

The land use details of the Cluster-XI are given below in Table 4.4 which shows the impact on land use due to mining operation within the leasehold area

S.No Type Land Use Present Land Use during Mining ( ha) Post- mining Mining Land Land Use Use (ha) ( ha) 1 Running quarry To be backfilled 40 356 and planted Backfilled 40(inlcuded in sl. 10 under Plantation) Not Backfilled

2 External OB dump 142.34(55 Ha current OB dump To be reclaimed 55 will reclaimed & planted upon) and planted 3 Service building/ 142.37 152.37 100.37 mine infrastructure 4 Rail & Road 99.77 101.27 101.27 5 Habitation (total) 203.8 163.95 163.95 Unstable habitations 6 Other built-up areas 133.17 133.17 133.17 7 Agriculture land 1412.57 1222.57 1222.57 9 Forest land

10 Plantation / Natural 170.4 295.25 845.59 Vegetation

11 River/nallah/pond 250.18 240.18 240.18 12 Barren land 599.83 556.34 556.34 13 Govt Land 89.33 78.35 78.35 14 ECL Land 776.21 (leftover is included in sl. 1021.58 776.21 1, 2 & 3) Total 4218 4218 4218

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The Post-mining land use of core zone with environment management in table prepared by MoEF is given in the following table - S Description Land-use (Ha) No. Plantation Water Public Undisturbed Total Body use 1 Top-soil Dump 2.34 2.34 2 External Waste Dump 140 140 3 Excavation 356 356 4 Rail /Road 101.27 101.27 5 Built-up 0 6 Mine Infrastructure 52 100.37 152.37 7 Forest Land 0 8 Afforestation / Natural 265.4 265.4 vegetation 9 Subsided 0 10 Water bodies 240.18 240.18 11 Cultivable 1222.57 1222.57 12 Vacant Land for public 0 purposes 13 Others 133.17 133.17 14 Habitation Villages 163.95 163.95 Unstable 29.85 29.85 15 Barren Land 556.34 556.34 16 Govt Vaacant land 78.35 78.35 17 ECL Land 776.21 776.21 Total 845.59 101.27 3271.14 4218 *for the cluster The requirement of trees in table prepared by MoEF is given in the following table - Ecology: Stage Wise Cumulative Plantation REQUIREMENT OF PLANTS FOR AFFORESTATION/ RECLAMATION* Old External Reclaimed Subsided Area Others Total Waste Dump Quarry Area Year Area Area Area Area Area Trees Trees Trees Trees Trees (Ha) (Ha) (Ha) (Ha) (Ha) Existing 170.4 272640 170.4 272640 Natural

Vegetation 0 – 5 29.85 47760 55 88000 96 153600 180.85 289360 years 6 – 10 100.34 160544 165 264000 265.34 424544 years 11 – 15 42.34 67744 135 216000 51.66 82656 229 366400 years Total 29.85 197.68 396 222.06 845.59 1352944

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4.6 RANIGANJ COALFIELD MASTER PLAN

Raniganj Action/Master Plan for Dealing with Fire, Subsidence & Rehabilitation

The cluster of mines will be dovetailed with the approved Raniganj Action Plan for dealing with fire, subsidence and rehabilitation of people. Master Plan for dealing with fire, subsidence and rehabilitation within the leasehold area of ECL has already been approved by Govt. of West Bengal & Govt. of India. A comprehensive Master Plan to deal with the problem of fire, rehabilitation and stabilization was prepared by CMPDI, Asansol in February,1999 for Raniganj Coalfield based on the following findings –

 Due to UG mining at shallow covers during the pre-nationalisation period, several areas have gradually become unstable and likely to subside. Many of these localities are thickly populated.

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 Due to unavailability of drawings of UG layouts, efforts of ECL for stabilisation of the unstable areas by hydraulic sand stowing have met with little success.  As such there is no option but to shift the settlements over the unstable areas to safe locations. This is a corporate social responsibility although ECL has no programme of future mining in several of these localities.

The Masterplan for Raniganj Coalfield has been further revised in 2003, 2006 and 2008 and approved by Govt. of India. An amount of Rs 2661 Cr has been earmarked for this project. Salient features of the Master Plan include –

Table-4.5 Salient features of the Masterplan Execution of To be completed in two phases, each of five years duration. the Master Plan Unstable Areas

Action Plan for The State government approved the Master Plan subject to the Implementation following conditions: i) Provision for cost escalation due to inflation ii) Provision for offsite infrastructure development cost iii) Provision for sinking fund for future maintenance of civil and social infrastructure created in resettlement site. iv) Allotment of land at resettlement site should be proportionate to the present homestead land with minimum being 100 sq. mtr.

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v) Provision of financial support for cattle/working shed in R&R package. Asansol-Durgapur Development Authority (ADDA) would co- ordinate the rehabilitation on behalf of the State Govt. Out of the 13 relocation sites, six locations in Burdwan district would be considered initially as future resettlement sites and a joint survey would be undertaken to identify more suitable locations in non-coal bearing areas as resettlement sites. Shifting would be undertaken in phases with each township having 2000-5000 people. Demographic and socio economic survey of unstable locations would start immediately with the cut – off date as September 2, 2007. State Govt. would form a committee at the State level having representatives from organizations like CIL, ECL, DGMS, Railways, NHAI and departments of the state Govt. concerned to oversee and guide the rehabilitation cell to be formed at the level of ADDA. District Magistrate, Burdwan will issue instructions prohibiting any new construction and/or any extension/modification in the existing building in identified unstable areas.

Rehabilitation Cost: The rehabilitation cost has been worked out as per the following parameters –

Table-4.6 Sl Type of Compensation Rate Amount Total for No. RCF(Rs Lakh) 1 Compensation for Land 63.66 lakh /ha 59275.91 2 Compensation for Pucca – 5.95 116697.22 Houses lakh/house Kuttcha – 2.10 lakh/house 3 Provision of Land at 100 sqm / house @ 16.5 15971.92 resettlement site lakh / ha 4 Compensation for Loss Rs 113.00 / day for 500 19693.53 of income due to days for each HH displacement/shifting 5 Infrastructural cost for 32019.97 development of resettlement sites 6 Arrangement for power 12189.57

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supply 7 Shifting Allowance Rs 10000.00 per HH 3485.58

The cost of rehabilitation per household works out as follows –

Table-4.7 Sl. Particulars Amount No. (Rs. Lakhs) Compensation per house A Compensation for land 1.7856 B Compensation for structures 3.5154 G Shifting allowance 0.1050 D Compensation for loss of income due to 0.5933 displacement / shifting Sub-Total 5.999 Other costs of resettlement per house C Cost of land at resettlement sites 0.4811 E Cost of Infrastructural development at 0.9646 resettlement sites F Arrangement of power at resettlement sites 0.3672 H Demographic survey 0.0028 Sub-Total 1.816 Grand Total 7.815

The funds have been estimated tentatively based on the civil cost index and in- house data. However, the detail implementation plan for resettlement of Non- ECL people will be prepared by the implementing agency of the State Govt. i.e. Asansol Durgapur Development Authority (ADDA)

Funding arrangement:

Funding arrangement for implementation of Master Plan (both for Raniganj & Jharia Coalfields) will be as below:  Cess under Coal Conservation and Development Act (CCDA) increased from Rs. 3.50 to Rs. 10.00 generating about Rs. 350 Cr. per annum for an average annual production of 550 million tonnes during implementation period  CIL contribution about Rs. 200 Crs. per annum as indicated by CIL

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 Total fund generation to the tune of Rs. 550 Crs. per annum.  Total approved fund required for implementation is 2661.73 Cr as of 2009

Major Proposals in Raniganj Coalfields Master Plan:

Execution of the Master Plan proposed to be completed in two phases each of five years duration.

146 locations, considered as unstable areas comprising of 139 locations for rehabilitation and 7 unstable locations consisting of part of railway line, road and IOC pipeline considered for diversion. In addition, 7 surface fire areas considered for bio-reclamation.

SUMMARY OF MASTER PLAN Table – 4.8

Master Plan Master Master Master Plan’99 (cost updated Plan’03 Plan’06 in April’08) Stabilization 59 43 NIL NIL 139 139 (including on- (including on- Rehabilitation 80 91 going & going & completed) completed) Fire areas 7 7 7 7

Diversion 7 7 7 7 Total 153 148* 153** 153

* Excluding five completed stabilization schemes. ** Sanctoria site was considered for both stabilization & rehabilitation in the Master Plan‟03. Now it has been merged into one site.

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SUMMARY OF REHABILITATION Table – 4.9

Master Plan Master Master Master Plan’06 (cost updated in Plan’99 Plan’03 April’08)

No. of locations 80 92 139 139 Estimated affected 47376 86735 180263 180263 population Estimated affected house 8891 15461 33196 33196 owner Estimated 272.12 Ha 796.68 Ha 862.16 Ha 862.16 Ha affected area

Estimated cost Rs. 708.61 1317.19 Rs.2256.82 Rs.2610.10 of rehabilitation Crores Crores Crores Crores

(PHYSICAL & FINANCIAL PHASING) REHABILITATION Table – 4.10

Phasing No. of Affected Estimated Cost Population location area houses (Rs.Crs) covered (Ha) 1st five year 53 519.09 18136 1424.84 94697

2nd five year 86 343.07 15060 1185.26 85566

Total 139 862.16 33196 2610.10 180263

4.7 Unstable Localities and Masterplan for Raniganj Coalfield Due to underground mining at shallow depths during the pre-nationalisation period, some unstable localities are present within this cluster affecting a total population of about 46387. As per Masterplan of Raniganj coalfields, this

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population is to be shifted to alternate sites on non-coal bearing areas already identified for the purpose. Restorative works have been taken up which includes stabilization of the areas by sand stowing. EIA/EMP for the cluster will include restoration of such sites. Unstable locations of Cluster-XI are shown in Plate 16. The rehabilitation sites are shown in Plate 17. Several unstable localities are present within Cluster No. 11 affecting a total population of about 9000. As per Masterplan of Raniganj coalfields, this population is to be shifted to alternate sites on non-coal bearing areas already identified for the purpose. Restoration works have also been taken up which includes stabilization of the areas by sand stowing. However, such restoration works have been successful in controlling subsidence only to a small degree. The details of unstable locations in Cluster 11 are as follows in Table 4.11:

Table 4.11 : Unstable locations in Cluster 11 # Mine Unstable Location Area Affected (Ha) Population 1 Krishnanagar Dhasal Bastee & Part of 3.00 800 Dhasal village 2 Haripur Haripur vill., Market, ECL 5.00 700 Qtrs. Etc. 3 New Kenda Kenda Village 3.00 5000 4 New Kenda near 2&3 pits ECL buildings, Office, staff 1.35 300 Qrts. Etc. 5 Shankarpur Shankarpur Vill./ Bauripara 1.00 50 6 Krishnanagar (Pure Kenda Bastees 1.00 100 Unit) 7 Chora ( Jote Dhemo Unit ) Part of Bonbahal Vill. 0.70 100 8 New Kenda(South Kenda 3 Nos. bustees 1.80 250 unit) 9 Siduli (Khas Jambad Unit) ECL Building, Stadium & 8.00 380 Primary School 10 Bahula Bahula Moti Bazar & DB 5.00 900 Road Total 29.85 8580

4.8 Reclamation of dumps & Slope stability

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The environmental impact will be for a short period only as the OC patchs will run from 2 to 4 years and 8 years only in New Kenda OC patch. Backfilling in Shankarpur/CL Jambad OC Patch/ Mine is being done. Moreover, the opencast mining activities will be restricted in a very small patch. Opencast mining activities will be restricted in 408 Ha out of total leasehold area of 4218 Ha of Cluster-XI. This opencast mine/patch to be operated will be completely filled-up after exhaustion of reserves and reclaimed with plantation. Total 258.92 Million m3 of overburden (OB) will be generated from the all opencast patches. The total OB of the opencast patch/mine is to be dumped internally over the de-coaled area. The opencast mining area is about < 10% of the total leasehold area of the Cluster-XI. Top soil removed from the excavated areas will be kept in a top-soil dump. After exhaustion of the coal reserves available in these mines/patches, the quarried out area will be backfilled and the top-soil enriched with good soil and manure and biologically reclaimed with plantation. The back-filled area of the opencast patch/mine will be biologically reclaimed with the help of experts and there will be no further external OB dump.

4.8.1 Stages of Land Reclamation

This is carried out in two district phases:

. Physical/technical reclamation. . Biological reclamation.

a) Physical / technical reclamation During the process, the geometrical shape of the internal dumps is altered to make it amenable to effective biological reclamation and also to provide safety and stability.

Backfilling & reshaping of internal dumps

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The OC quarry will be backfilled with overburden. The backfilling will be carried out in a phased manner. Once the backfilling has reached a certain predetermined reduced level, the plots will be levelled, graded and cleared of large stone pieces lying on the surface. The slope of the ground will be made very gentle as far as possible (preferably less than 2%). The graded and levelled area will be divided into small sectors and small check bunds will be constructed to retain moisture and humus in the soil. The outer slope of each bench will be kept at the natural angle of repose of the spoil material and at overall slope angle of 20o considering all benches.

The drainage arrangements for precipitation run-off are as follows :  During working stage, the run-off will be collected from internal dump by foot drain for diverting to sump on mine floor for pumping.  In the post-mining period, the drainage pattern of the reclaimed area will be such that the run-off will be diverted to final void of the quarry.

Topsoil management Topsoil from unbroken excavation areas will be scraped for progressive and concurrent utilization during physical/technical reclamation of backfilled area, thus obviating the necessity of large storage area of topsoil separately.

b) Biological reclamation

For successful biological reclamation of the reclaimed area, preference will be given to endemic species and mixed culture. The species will be selected carefully from the following groups for quick reclamation :

 Nitrogen fixing tree species for fuel wood, timber and fodder  Fruit bearing tree species  Tree species with dense foliage for shade  Flowering and ornamental tree species.

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The list of the species recommended for afforestation on the overburden of mined out areas is as given below:

4.8.2 List of Species Suggested For Afforestation

Trees Delbergia Sisso Accacia auriculiformis Leucaena leucocephala Gmelina arborea Acacia auriculiformis Pongamia pinnata Cassia siamia

Shrubs,Grasses & Herbs

Adhatoda vesika Calotropes gigantean Ziziphus oenoplia Mill. Bambusa arundinaceae Willd. Cyperus rotendus L Andropogon esiculatus Retz. Clirodendron viscosum Vent. Boerhaavia repensis

The above list is indicative and will only be finalized in consultation with Forest Department. During the life of mine efforts will be made for plantation of trees in all possible places e.g. OB dumps, road side, reclaimed area etc. These are expected to become habitat suitable for wild life.

4.9 Impact on land use pattern

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The impact of opencast coal mine on land is the change in land use pattern. The changes in this project are due to the following:  Quarrying and external dumping  Construction of infrastructure.

The alteration in land use pattern due to infrastructure is not to be considered as true degradation as these facilities can be utilized for some other purposes after the mining operation is over. The change in land use pattern due to activities of quarrying may be considered as true change in land use pattern. Hence, land rehabilitation scheme is planned for reclaiming the excavation area of this project.

4.9.1 Operational stage land use plan

Table No. 4.12 shows the present and post mining land use plan.

Table 4.12 : Present and Post mining land use plan Sl No Land-use Present Post Mining Land Use Land Use (Ha) (Ha) 1 Cultivable/Fallow 1412.57 1412.57 2 Village/Basti 203.80 203.80 3 Tanks/ Water Bodies 250.18 250.18 4 Danga/ Wasteland 599.83 0.00 5 Road & Railway 99.77 99.77 6 Plantation/Vegetation 170.40 1529.18 7 Vacant Govt Land 89.33 89.33 8 Built-up Area 133.17 33.17 9 Quarry 40 0.00 10 OB Dump 55 0.00 11 ECL land 1021.58 500.00 12 Colliery Infrastructure/Others 142.37 100.00 Total 4218 4218

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4.9.2 Post-operational stage land use plan

a) Dumping strategy

Opencast mining activities will be restricted in 408 Ha areas out of total leasehold area of 4218 Ha of Cluster-11. This opencast mine/patch to be operated will be completely filled-up after exhaustion of reserves and reclaimed with plantation. Total 258.92 Million m3 of overburden (OB) will be generated from four proposed opencast patches during the life of the mines. The total OB of the opencast patch/mine is to be dumped internally over the de-coaled area. Top soil removed from the excavated areas will be kept in a top-soil dump. After exhaustion of the coal reserves available in these mines/patches, the quarried out area will be backfilled and the top-soil enriched with good soil and manure and biologically reclaimed with plantation. The back-filled area of the opencast patch/mine will be biologically reclaimed with the help of experts and there will be no further external OB dump.

b) Land use

There are several options available for land use pattern of the reclaimed land. The following factors have been considered for selection of appropriate land use pattern  Pre-mining land use pattern  Topsoil/sub-soil quality  Socio-economic parameters of the area  Availability of technology for land reclamation  Climatic conditions of the area  Local flora.

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The alternatives available for utilising the reclaimed land are :  Agricultural use  Afforestation

It is suggested to utilise the reclaimed land for afforestation purpose which will help improve the soil status i.e texture and nutrient levels, etc. c) Progressive Green Belt and Afforestation Plan Altogether 1529.18 Ha of plantation is proposed in the post-mining closure plan. Plantation on 170.40 Ha has already been carried out. Plantation on the rest 1358.78 Ha will be carried out in the phase wise manner during the life of the mines in the cluster.

4.9.3 Impact of Subsidence

4.9.3.1 Subsidence Prediction

The subsidence prediction model based on Influence Function method, developed in CMPDI, has been used for estimation of likely subsidence over the mining area. Subsidence prediction has been done for the panels as proposed to be extracted by caving method in underground plans of seam R-VIII (Top and bottom) and seam R-VII. As per project report, thickness of extraction has been considered for the seam R-VIII (Top section) 4.8m, seam R-VIII (Bottom section) 4.8m and seam R-VII 4.0 to 4.3m. Input data used for subsidence prediction, such as mining parameters, geology, panels dimension, sequence of extraction of panels and surface features have been collected from summarized plan and project report sent by Colliery/CMPDI, RI-I.

Details of panel layout, surface contours, surface features and other relevant features have been digitised from underground working plans of each seam and

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surface plan. The digitised data have been used as input parameters for subsidence prediction model.

Since no measured data are available regarding the subsidence parameters of the mine and of nearby mines, (only angle of draw 280 provided for single seam extraction), the values of subsidence factor and angle of draw for multiple seams extraction have been taken considering the rock mass factor, geo-mining conditions and subsidence data observed in nearby coalfields having similar geo- mining conditions. For subsidence prediction, the overlying rock mass has been considered disturbed due to extraction of upper seam R-IX. The parameters taken for subsidence prediction are as follows :

i) Subsidence factor : 0.45 for seam R-VIII (Top), 0.48 for seam R-VIII (Bottom) and 0.51 for seam R-VII

ii) Angle of draw : 300 for multiple seam extraction iii) Anticipated percentage : 70% of extraction in panels iv) Depth : Average depth for each panel v) Thickness of extraction : 4.8m for each section of the seam R- VIII and in seam R-VII average thickness of the seam for each panel.

Before subsidence prediction, the prediction model has been calibrated according to the above mentioned subsidence parameters. For subsidence calculation, underground extraction area has been divided into 20 x 20m grid blocks as individual elements. The numerical procedure followed for prediction involves estimation of subsidence at the grid points of each element and subsequent integration to arrive at resultant values and the final area influenced by ground movement. Subsidence has been calculated over 12,200 points.

Subsidence prediction has been done after extraction of each seam (After extraction of seam R-VIII Top and Bottom and seam R-VII individually) and after extraction of both the seams.

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4.9.3.2 SUBSIDENCE PREDICTION RESULTS :

Maximum subsidence, subsidence contours and profile

The anticipated maximum possible subsidence likely to occur over the mining area after extraction of seam R-VIII (top and bottom sections) is 4.464m, which is likely to take place over panel F. The anticipated maximum subsidence due to extraction of seam R-VII only is 2.193m and after extraction of both the seams (seams R-VIII and R-VII) is 6.657m, which is likely to take place over the panels 8F/7A. From the estimated subsidence at each grid point, subsidence contours are drawn after extraction of seams R-VIII and R-VII individually and after extraction of both the seams. Subsidence contours are shown alternately in violet and green colours. Final subsidence profile along line AA‟, passing through the maximum subsidence point, has also been drawn.

Effect of subsidence on surface topography and surface features along with mitigative measures

Since the upper seam R-IX has already been extracted and the exact surface topography after extraction of seam IX is not available, so the change in topography after extraction of seams R-VIII and R-VII has been considered from the topography before mining. Surface topography before mining and after extraction of seam R-VIII. For a comparative assessment of ground condition before and after mining, 3D views of surface before and after extraction of seams R-VIII and R-VII. By comparing the above two views, it is observed that there is moderate change in surface topography.

The topography of the mining area is plain terrain with gentle undulation. The ground elevation of the area ranges from 91 to 114m, i.e. a difference of

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elevation of 23m. For such terrain, the maximum anticipated subsidence of 6.657m is unlikely to extensively affect the drainage pattern in the area. However, subsidence may result in the formation of pools over the centre of the panels and cracks at the zones of high tensile strain such as along the boundary and barriers. These pools and cracks need to be filled up regularly to achieve original drainage pattern of the area and prevent the ingress of air and water into the goaf. Earth cutting/drain making should also be done over the subsided area so that the pool water would flow down easily as well as to guide the water away from the subsided area.

For estimating the affects of subsidence on surface features, panel wise anticipated maximum possible subsidence, slope and tensile strain have been calculated after extraction of seam R-VIII and seam R-VII individually and cumulatively, which are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3. Tables 1 and 2 show the anticipated maximum possible subsidence, slope and tensile strain likely to occur over mining area after extraction of seam R-VIII and seam R-VII respectively. After extraction of seam R-VIII the estimated maximum possible subsidence over mining area is 4.464m which is likely to take place over the panel F. The maximum possible slope and tensile strain likely to occur are 85.85 and 42.92 mm/m respectively over the same panel. Due to extraction of lower seam R-VII only, the estimated maximum possible subsidence likely to occur over the mining area is 2.193m, which is likely to take place over the panel S7A. The maximum possible slope and tensile strain likely to occur are 24.37 and 12.18 mm/m respectively over the same panel S7A. Table 3 shows the anticipated maximum possible subsidence, slope and tensile strain likely to occur over the mining area after extraction of both the seams R-VIII and R-VII. The estimated maximum possible subsidence of 6.657m is likely to occur over the panels S8F/S7A. The estimated maximum possible slope and tensile strain likely to occur are 73.97 and 36.98 mm/m respectively over the panel S8F/S7A. Strain developed due to subsidence is the prime cause of damage to the surface structures. Thus, values of tensile strain likely to occur near important surface features have been

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estimated to know the extent of damages to the surface features which are explained in the following sections.

Impact of subsidence on Khandra village

Khandra village existing over the property is unlikely to be affected by subsidence because it is away from the subsidence influence zone.

Impact of subsidence on basti

A small portion of basti near the pits is likely to be affected by a maximum amount of 0.109m subsidence and 0.606 mm/m tensile strain. Such small amounts of subsidence and tensile strain are unlikely to cause any damaging effect to the surface structures in the basti. However, to bring the basti completely out of subsidence influence area, depillaring in panels A and B of seam R-VII should be restricted one pillar before the proposed extent (towards the main line side) of the panels.

A small basti over the panel „H „ of saem R-VIII and panel „B‟ of seam R-VII is likely to be affected by a maximum amount of 2.922m subsidence and 20.29 mm/m tensile strain. For such amounts of subsidence and tensile strain surface structures in the basti are likely to be damaged by cracks and slope. Thus, to protect the basti from subsidence damages, the panel „H‟ of seam R-VIII should be depillared with stowing and in the panel „B‟ of seam R-VII coal pillars are to be left un-extracted vertically below and within the subsidence influence area.

Impact of subsidence on school

A school existing over the property between Khandra village and pits is unlikely to be affected by subsidence because it is away from the subsidence influence area.

Impact of subsidence on temple

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A small temple existing over the panel „E‟ of seam R-VIII and panel „B‟ of seam R-VII is likely to be affected by a maximum amount of 4.464m subsidence and 21.69 mm/m tensile strain. Such amounts of subsidence and tensile strain are likely to damage the temple. Thus, to protect the temple from subsidence damages, coal pillars are to be left un-extracted in the above mentioned panels vertically below and within the subsidence influence area.

Impact of subsidence on workshop

Workshop existing over the mining area is unlikely to be affected by subsidence because it is away from the subsidence influence zone.

Impact of subsidence on water plant

Water plant existing over the property is unlikely to be affected by subsidence because it is away from the subsidence influence zone.

Impact of subsidence on office and quarters

The office existing over the property is unlikely to be affected by subsidence. A few quarters near panels „E‟ and „H‟ of seam R-VIII are likely to be affected by a maximum amount of 0.297m subsidence and 1.569 mm/m tensile strain. Such amounts of subsidence and tensile strain will not cause any significant damage to the quarters, i.e. fine cracks may develop in walls and plaster. However, to bring the quarters completely out of subsidence influence area, one row of coal pillars near the quarters may be left un-extracted in the panels „E‟ and „H” of seam R-VIII and panel „B‟ of seam R-VII.

Impact of subsidence on roads

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An Andal-Ukhra road running over the property is unlikely to be affected by subsidence. A small stretch of a road to Siduli passing close to the panel „A‟ of seam R-VII is likely to be affected by a maximum amount of 0.775m subsidence and 4.194 mm/m tensile strain. The stretch of the road is likely to be damaged by development of cracks and change in road profile. Considering the importance of the road it should be either protected by restricting the extraction in panel „A‟ of seam R-VII (leaving coal pillars un-extracted vertically below and within the subsidence influence area) or should be repaired and re-graded, wherever necessary.

Impact of subsidence on nalla

A nalla flowing on the western side of the property is likely to be affected by a maximum amount of 0.750m subsidence and 4.167 mm/m tensile strain at its beginning. Hence, it needs to be protected by leaving coal pillars un-extracted vertically below and within the subsidence influence area.

Impact of subsidence on ponds

There are three ponds existing over the panels „A‟ and „B‟ of seam VII are likely to be affected by subsidence. Out of three, the larger pond is likely to be affected by a maximum amount of 2.294m subsidence and 10.720 mm/m tensile strain. The remaining two ponds are also likely to be affected by a maximum amount of 1.313 and 0.713m subsidence. The tensile strains likely to occur are 6.131 and 3.961 mm/m respectively. These ponds need to be dried and filled up before depillaring is made in the area or should be protected by leaving coal pillars un- extracted vertically below and within the subsidence influence area.

Impact of subsidence on HT line

The HT line over the property is likely to be affected by a maximum amount of 4.612m subsidence and 25.622 mm/m tensile strain. The impact of subsidence on the pylons of HT line will depend on the nature of construction of pylons. However, pylons are likely to be tilted or dislodged. Thus, HT line should be either diverted from the subsidence area or its pylons should be protected by leaving coal pillars un-extracted vertically below and within the subsidence influence area. Fig 4.1 to Fig. 4.13 relate to subsidence study.

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4.9.3.3 SUBSIDENCE MANAGEMENT :

Considering the impact of subsidence on surface topography and surface features, as explained in earlier chapters, the following subsidence management steps are required to be undertaken to minimise adverse effects. i) Due to subsidence, surface cracks are likely to occur over the mining area which need to be filled up properly and regularly by clay and stone chips and thereafter with a 0.3m high clay heap over the cracks. It will help in achieving original drainage pattern over the mining area, improve water retention capacity of the soil and avoid the chances of underground inundation and spontaneous heating. ii) Subsidence may result into depression on the surface with accumulation of water during the rains. These water bodies need to be filled up or drained out by cutting drains. iii) Surface drains should be made outside of the subsidence area to prevent the surface water of adjoining area to coming into active subsidence area. iv) It is suggested that the mine management should form a team that will be responsible for the proper and regular filling of surface cracks formed due to subsidence. The team will also maintain record of the development and filling of surface cracks. Adequate supply of filling materials should be arranged by mine management at the site. v) A small basti over the panel „H‟ of seam R-VIII and panel „B‟ of seam R-VII is likely to be affected by subsidence. Thus, to protect it from subsidence damages, panel „H‟ of seam R-VIII should be depillared with stowing and in the panel „B‟ of seam R-VII coal pillars should be left un-extracted vertically below and within the subsidence influence area. vi) A small temple over the panel „E‟ of seam R-VIII and panel „B‟ of seam R-VII is likely to be affected by subsidence. Thus, the temple should be protected by

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leaving coal pillars un-extracted vertically below and within the subsidence influence area in the above mentioned panels. vii) A small stretch of a road to Siduli running over the property is likely to be damaged due to subsidence. Considering the importance of the road, the stretch of the road should be either repaired and re-graded, wherever necessary, or should be protected by leaving coal pillars un-extracted in the panel „A‟ of seam R-VII vertically below and within the subsidence influence area. viii) Three ponds existing over the panels „A‟ and „B‟ of seam R-VII are likely to be affected by subsidence. Considering the importance of the ponds, these should be dried and filled up before depillaring is made in the area or should be protected by leaving coal pillars un-extracted vertically below and within the subsidence influence area. ix) The HT line over the property is likely to be affected by subsidence. Thus, pylons of HT lines should be either diverted from the subsidence influence area or protected by leaving coal pillars un-extracted vertically below and within the subsidence influence area.

The impact of subsidence on different surface features along with the degrees of damage are provided in Annexure I for reference, i.e. the “Subsidence Impact Matrix”. The Subsidence Impact Matrix (SIM) shown therein was developed under a Ministry of Coal funded S&T project.

4.9.3.4 CONCLUSION : i) Due to extraction of upper seam, i.e. seam R-VIII (Top and bottom); the estimated maximum possible subsidence likely to occur over the mining area is 4.464m. The anticipated maximum possible slope and tensile strain likely to occur are 85.85 and 42.92 mm/m respectively.

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ii) Due to extraction of lower seam R-VII only, the estimated maximum possible subsidence likely to occur over the mining area is 2.198m. The anticipated maximum possible slope and tensile strain likely to occur are 24.37 and 12.18 mm/m respectively. iii) After extraction of both the seams, i.e. seam R-VIII (Top and bottom) and seam R-VII, the anticipated maximum possible subsidence likely to occur over the mining area is 6.657m (over the panels S8F and S7A). The estimated maximum slope and tensile strain likely to occur are 73.97 and 36.98 mm/m respectively over the same panels. iv) The topography of the mining area is plain terrain with gentle undulation. The ground elevation ranges from 91 to 114m, i.e. a difference of elevation of 23m. For such terrain, the maximum anticipated subsidence of 6.657m is unlikely to extensively affect the drainage pattern in the area. However, subsidence may result in the formation of depressions over the centre of the panels where water may accumulate during rains and cause danger to the mine. These water bodies need to be filled up or drained out by cutting drains. v) Khandra village, Andal-Ukhra road running over the property, school, workshop, office and water plant existing over the property are unlikely to be affected by subsidence. vi) A small basti over the panels „H‟ of seam R-VIII and „B‟ of seam R-VII is likely to be affected by a maximum amount of 2.922m subsidence and 20.29 mm/m tensile strain. Thus, it needs be protected by leaving coal pillars un-extracted vertically below and within the subsidence influence area in the panel „B‟ of seam R-VII and panel „H‟ of seam R-VIII should be depillared with stowing. vii) A small temple existing over the panels „E‟ of seam R-VIII and „B‟ of seam R-VII is likely to be affected by a maximum amount of 4.464m subsidence and 21.69 mm/m tensile strain. Thus, it needs to be protected by leaving coal pillars un-

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extracted vertically below and within the subsidence influence area in the above mentioned panels. viii) A small stretch of a road to Siduli running over the property is likely to be affected by a maximum amount of 0.775m subsidence and 4.194 mm/m tensile strain. Thus, the stretch of the road needs to be repaired and re-graded, wherever necessary or considering the importance of the road it should be protected by leaving coal pillars un-extracted in the panel „A‟ of seam R-VII vertically below and within the subsidence influence area. ix) The HT line over the mining area is likely to be affected by a maximum amount of 4.612m subsidence and 25.622 mm/m tensile strain. Thus, it should be either diverted from the subsidence influence area or its pylons should be protected by leaving coal pillars un-extracted vertically below and within the subsidence influence area. x) A few quarters near the panels „E‟ and „H‟ of seam R-VIII are likely to be affected by a maximum amount of 0.297m subsidence and 1.569 mm/m tensile strain. Such amounts of subsidence and tensile strain are unlikely to cause any significant damage to the quarters, only fine cracks may develop in the walls and plaster. However, to bring the quarters completely out of subsidence influence zone, one row of coal pillars near the quarters need to be left un-extracted in the panels „E‟ and „H‟ of seam R-VIII and panel „B‟ of seam R-VII. xi) Three ponds existing over the panels „A‟ and „B‟ of seam R-VII are likely to be affected by a maximum amount of 2.294m subsidence and 10.720 mm/m tensile strain. Thus, these ponds need to be either protected by leaving coal pillars un- extracted vertically below and within the subsidence influence area or dried and filled up before depillaring is made in the area.

It is recommended that while carrying out extraction in the panels, close subsidence monitoring should be done over some initial panels and over the area

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near important surface features. On the basis of observed data, necessary correction in subsidence prediction may be done, if required.

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NKJ UNIT OF KHANDRA COLLIERY, ECL

Table 4.13 :Anticipated maximum possible subsidence, slope and tensile strain over the mining area after extraction of seam R-VIII (Top and Bottom)

Panel Av. Av. Extraction Maximum Maximum Maximum No. Width Depth Thickness subsidence slope Tensile strain (m) (m) (m) (mm) (mm/m) (mm/m) S8A 156 114 4.8 + 4.8 3473 60.92 30.46 S8B 140 123 4.8 + 4.8 2961 45.36 22.68 S8C 64 114 4.8 + 4.8 2371 41.58 20.79 S8D 128 129 4.8 + 4.8 3436 53.26 26.63 S8E 160 140 4.8 + 4.8 3580 51.12 25.56 S8F 160 104 4.8 + 4.8 4464 85.85 42.92 S8G 132 125 4.8 + 4.8 3939 63.02 31.51 S8H 128 144 4.8 + 4.8 2974 41.31 20.65

Table 4.14: Anticipated maximum possible subsidence, slope and tensile strain over mining area after extraction of lower seam R-VII only.

Panel Av. Av. Extraction Maximum Maximum Maximum No. Width Depth Thickness subsidence slope Tensile strain (m) (m) (m) (mm) (mm/m) (mm/m) S7A 400 180 4.3 2193 24.37 12.18 S7B 160 214 4.0 1401 13.09 6.55

Table 4.15: Anticipated maximum possible subsidence, slope and tensile strain over mining area after extraction of seams R-VIII (Top and Bottom) and R-VII

Panel No. Av. Maximum Maximum Maximum Depth subsidence slope Tensile strain (m) (mm) (mm/m) (mm/m) 8A and S7A 180 5346 59.40 29.70 S8B, S7A and S7B 180 3703 41.14 20.57 S8C and S7A 180 4564 50.71 25.36 S8D, S7A and S7B 180 4358 48.42 24.21 S8E and S7B 214 4724 44.15 22.07 S8F and S7A 180 6657 73.97 36.98 S8G, S7A and S7B 214 5154 48.17 24.08 S8H and S7B 214 3549 33.17 16.58

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4.10 MINE CLOSURE PLAN

Post-mining Land Use Planning

The mine closure planning with regard to mines of Cluster-XI of ECL will broadly involve the following aspects:

1. Technical Aspects 2 Environmental Aspects 3. Social Aspects 4. Financial Aspects

1. Technical Aspects

The following technical aspects would be reviewed in the final mine closure planning :

a) Safety hazards including management of fire and subsidence

In the mine closure plan, action for control of likely fire areas of the mines will be discussed. Action will also be suggested to cover all the safety aspects.

b) Management of Pit Slopes

The final quarry slopes shall be so designed and then subsequently developed that after the closure of the mine, there is no likelihood of any slope failure. The final slope of the quarry has been designed with above consideration. However, strict compliance with the proposed final slope of quarry would be made as given in Quarry & Surface Layout Plan and subsequent slope stability studies.

c) Management of hydrology and hydro-geology

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In the mine closure plan, the surface flow pattern of precipitation and mine water would be clearly developed and water channel suitably laid down so that it does not disturb the general hydrology of the area.

d) Details of decommissioning of the infrastructures

The decommissioning of the various infrastructures developed for the mine like roads, pipelines and transmission line etc. shall be planned in details so that the land occupied by these infrastructures are released. However, before such decommissioning, the possibility of re-use of these infrastructures for the neighboring mines shall be explored.

e) Closure of entry to the opencast and underground mines

All entries to the mines must be planned to be effectively closed so that illegal mining from these openings and safety hazards by way of entry of fire and water etc. will be prevented in the abandoned mines.

2. Environmental Aspects: This would include the following

a) Management of final voids In the mine closure plan, voids due to mining are to be dealt and the final land use plan will include filling of the voids for land reclamation where possible and for hydro reclamation where feasible. The study on slope study will be made by some scientific agency and in final closure plan their suggestions will be incorporated.

b) Reclamation of forests/vegetation It is to be ensured that in the final land use plan, all vacant land acquired for the project is afforested

c) Channelisation of available water

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If the mine is having sufficient water and if on closure, the mine water flows into the surface water courses, channelising this water for surrounding community for their irrigational/domestic uses may be taken up. This can be planned by providing structures involving one time costing

d) Management of Recharge Areas

The pre-mining and post mining scenario on the hydro-geological recharge system would be included in the closure plan.

e) Acceptable Surface and Ground Water Flows

In the final closure plan of the mine, wherever the mine water is likely to flow out to surface and meet the surface water sources; the quality of water from such mines would be assessed and flow pattern designed in the final plan.

f) Land Use Pattern Pre-mining vs. post-mining land use

Table 4.16.: Pre-mining vs. post-mining land use of the Cluster-XI Sl No Land-use Present Post Mining Land Use Land Use (Ha) (Ha) 1 Cultivable/Fallow 1412.57 1412.57 2 Village/Basti 203.80 203.80 3 Tanks/ Water Bodies 250.18 250.18 4 Danga/ Wasteland 599.83 0.00 5 Road & Railway 99.77 99.77 6 Plantation/Vegetation 170.40 1529.18 7 Vacant Govt Land 89.33 89.33 8 Built-up Area 133.17 33.17 9 Quarry 40 0.00 10 OB Dump 55 0.00 11 ECL land 1021.58 500.00

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12 Colliery Infrastructure/Others 142.37 100.00 Total 4218 4218 Alternative use of land For internal OB dump, vegetation and afforestation has been planned as a final land use. However, for areas other than OB dumps and voids, the alternative land use would be deliberated in the closure plan. While agriculture is the best land use if it is supported by some irrigation facilities, vegetation will be second utility of the land which can be planned.

3. Social Aspects

The social aspects of land use planning relating to mine closure would include the following:

a) Re-deployment of Workforce

The company employees will be gainfully engaged in the neighbouring projects after cessation of mining activities.

b) Management of Community Facilities In view of the short life of the project no new community facility will be created. However, the existing facilities of adjoining areas will be strengthened.

c) Closure Action Plan

Following steps have to be undertaken in relation to Mine Closure Planning: (i) Prior to the surface demolition/restoration, a surface survey should be undertaken of all surface structures, spoil heaps, lagoons, etc. to access whether there are any hazardous materials that could cause problems viz; explosives, chemicals etc. A list of surface assets should be prepared and made available to potential purchasers, prospective purchasers could be

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invited and asked to submit sealed bids, this could ensure that the sale of assets give better financial gain. (ii) The void of the mine can be proposed as a water resource to be utilized for aquaculture. Keeping in view the hard rock structure, the ground stability in the periphery of the mine boundary is not likely to be disturbed. This will also keep open the option of further deepening even after exhausting reserves up to proposed limits. (iii ) Work force on roll of ECL will be redeployed for their gainful utilization. The work force on the roll of the contractor are also likely to be deployed in other outsourcing projects. (iv) As a detailed component of the Closure Plan, a Decommissioning Plan is to be developed.

Alternative use of land

For internal OB dump, vegetation and afforestation has been planned as a final land use. However, for areas other than OB dumps and voids, the alternative land use would be deliberated in the closure plan. While agriculture is the best land use if it is supported by some irrigation facilities, vegetation will be second utility of the land which can be planned.

4. Financial Aspects

Closure Cost

Table – 4.17

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Closure Cost Closure Cost based on WPI based on WPI of Sl. Lease Hold Name of Mine of August 2009 October 2013 ( No. Area (Ha) ( 129.6 ) in Rs. 180.3 ) in Rs. lakhs lakhs 1 Krishnanagar (1 UG 772.00 772.00 Mine) 1073.08 2 Haripur Group of 853.00 1228.00 1720.82 mines (2 OC Patches 77 Ha + 2 UG Mines) 3 New Kenda Group 742.00 2187.00 3039.93 of mines ( 1 UG Mine + 2 OC Patches 289 Ha) 4 Bahula Group of 676.00 676.00 939.64 mines ( 3 UG Mines) 5 Siduli UG ( 1 UG 335.00 335.00 465.65 Mine) 6 Khandra UG ( 1 UG 388.00 388.00 539.32 Mine) 7 Shankarpur Project ( 452.00 662.00 920.18 1 OC Patch 42 Ha + 1 UG Mine)

Total 4218 6248.00 8698.62

4.11 IMPACT ON FLORA AND FAUNA

4.11.1 OBSERVATION The floristic component of the study area does not include any rare or endangered species. Thus, impact on rare and endangered species of flora is over ruled. However, it is reported that animals like Langur, Lomdi, Jackal, etc. enter into the agricultural field of the villages and needs conservation. Common Species of Flora & Fauna observed in the study area are as follows:

Table - 4.18 FLORA LOCAL NAME

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AGRICULTURAL CROPS CEREALS Dhan ,Gehun, Makka PULSES Arhar, Chana COMMERCIAL CROPS VEGETABLES Baigan, Tomato, Bean, Jhinga, Kohra, Bhindi OIL YIELDING PLANTS Sarson, Castor plant SPICES Mirch and Dhania, Adrak, Lahsun etc. FRUITS Aam, Amrudh, Jamun, Papita, Kathal, Ber etc. NATURAL VEGETATION HERBS Bantulsi SHRUBS Dhatura, Putus, Dhudhi etc. TREES Sal, Sisam, Neem, Peepal, Mahua etc. GRASSES Bamboo, Doob, etc.

Table – 4.19

SL. NO. COMMON NAME SCHEDULE 01. House Rat V 02. Jackal V 03. Jungle Cat II 04. Fulvous Fruit Bat V 05. Common crow V 06. Common Langur II

4.11.2 FLORA AND FAUNA CONSERVATION PLAN FOR CLUSTER-XI AREA The forest type of the project area may be classified as –

1. Tropical dry deciduous vegetation

2. Tropical moist deciduous vegetation

3. Temperate deciduous forest

Conservation plan for Flora & Fauna

The important animal species from conservation point of view in the study area which falls under schedule IV, schedule II part II and part I of “The wildlife (protection) Act, 1972 are Fox, Jungle cat and Common lizards, Common

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mongoose, Cobra, Langur. These species are important to us from conservation point of view therefore, it is proposed that ECL will take following conservation measures for the protection and improvement of the ecology in the study area.

Fauna of the area

The following fauna are reported to be moving in core and buffer zone, which need attention for their conservation.

Table – 4.20

Sl. Status in wild life No Local Name Zoological Name protection act . Schedule Part 1. Siyar Canis aureus II II 2. Lomdi Vulpes spp. II II 3. Nag Naja naja kauthua II II 4. Neola Herpestes edwardsi iv II 5. Jangli billi Felis chaus II - 6. Langur Presbytis spp. II I Common Varanus species II II 7. Lizards

Jackal and Common Fox in the near past, when listed under Schedule-V, were being killed for trade in their fur. Langur, similarly were captured to tame for show in public place as a source of livelihood by “Madaries”. All the fauna mentioned above are beneficial to us in many ways hence, need sincere attention for conservation and protection. M/s ECL will take the following measures for their protection:

1] Protection Measures With the help of local people and employees, monitoring will be kept on hunting of these animals. Forest and Police Department will be informed if such incident happens to take action against the offenders. If necessary, with that help of forest department, the stranded Jackal will be shifted to a safer place.

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As per present practice, ECL shall continue providing funds for fencing the forest falling in the Core Zone. This will further strengthen the attempts towards conservation of above indicated animals.

2] Strengthening of Water Bodies Through community development work in the villages of Buffer Zone, existing water sources particularly the village tanks will be strengthened to provide potable water to the local community so that biotic pressure on water resources of the forest areas owing to use by wild fauna is gradually reduced.

3] Tree Planting The geo-climatic conditions of the area will favour growth of the following tree species.

(i) Mahua (Madhuca indica) – A shady tree. (ii) Jamun (Syzigium cumini) – For Monkey, a shady tree. (iii) Aonla (Emblica officinalis) – For the people of the area, a shady tree. (iv) Aam (Mangifera indica) – For Monkey etc. and a shady tree. (v) Sehtoot (Morus alba) – For different animals and the local people. (vi) Guava (Psidium guajava) – For different animals and the local people. (vii) Banyan (Ficus benjalensis) – For other animals, a shady tree. (viii) Peepal (Ficus religioso) – For other animals, a shady tree. (ix) Imli (Tamarindus indica) – For many animals, the people and shady tree.

4] Control of forest fire, fire in coal seam and coal stock

Fire can destroy the entire habitats (micro and macro) and its life supporting potential in the forest area. Fire does not spare fauna also. ECL will implement the existing DGMS stipulated fire protection norms on coal

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seams and coal stock. This will ensure that a congenial atmosphere is created and fire does not affect the fauna and flora as well. ECL will also encourage its employees and villagers to report forest fires (if any) to Forest/Police department. ECL will also extend its fire fighting capabilities whenever needed to forest department for fighting forest fires.

Conservation Measures

1.0 Monitoring of the area on regular intervals. Adopt/prescribe mitigation measures wherever/whenever detected. 2.0 Subsidence problem due to underground mining may be mitigated by caving process on surrounding mine objects. 3.0 Greeting of peripheral areas will be done. There is need for creating green belt of at least 30-40 m width to provide an effective dust, noise and sight curtain in the periphery of mining area. The trees to be planted in the green belt area shall act as buffer and shock absorber against dust, noise and stone flying. Trees in the green belt should be tall, wind firm, broad leaved and evergreen. 4.0 A green belt of 20-30 m wide in triple storey fashion should be raised on either side of the haul road to prevent migration of dust and noise far off places. Besides, along the link road, access road, colony road, 3-4 rows of evergreen and dust resistant plants should be raised in triple storey fashion.

5.0 With the help of the local people and employees monitoring will be done to stop hunting/killing of these animals. Forest and police department will be informed if such incident happens, to take action against the offenders. If necessary, help of forest department will be taken to shift any such stranded animals to a safer place. 6.0 Awareness measures about preservation of wild life and biodiversity in neighborhood villages will be brought through

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painted signboards and slogans etc. Awareness programmes in local schools will be arranged every year during Environment week, Wild life week and Van Mahotsava.

4.11.3 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION CONCLUSION The floristic component of the study area does not include any rare or endangered species. Thus, impact on rare and endangered species of flora is over ruled.

The proposed project does not envisage destruction or displacement of any fauna species. Thus, indirect impact on fauna due to loss of habitat is not foreseen.

RECOMMENDATION Some exotic plant spp. should be planted nearby the area of open cast and underground mines. The trees act as absorber against dust, noise and stone flying etc.

4.12 CSR Activities:

ECL has taken up a number of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) activities in and around the 13 clusters of Raniganj Coalfield with the objective of inclusive growth. The expenditure incurred for CSR activities in past for Cluster-XI is tabulated below:

Table-4.21: CSR Activities Undertaken for Cluster-XI

INITIATIVES EXP. INCURRED IN LAKHS UNDERTAKEN 2008- 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 09

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INFRASTRUCTURE 2.23 2.94 7.13 1.50 2.00 WATER-SUPPLY 2.23 2.94 0 5.46 4.21 EDUCATION 2.23 2.94 1.16 1.53 10.09 OTHER 2.23 2.94 DEVELOPMENTAL 0.88 11.46 14.34 WORKS Medical 2.23 2.94 0 0.32 1.74 HEALTH 2.23 2.94 1.03 1.53 -

SPORTS 2.23 2.94 0 0.25 5.52 TOTAL 15.59 20.58 10.2 22.05 37.9

Proposed CSR Action Plan

Normative Capacity of the Cluster-XI is 9.10 MTPA. An amount equivalent to 5% of the retained earning of the previous year subject to minimum of Rs. 5 per tonne of coal production of the previous year will be provided for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). A minimum amount to the tune of Rs. 455.00 lakhs will be used for the CSR works per year for Cluster-XI.

This expenditure will be done under the activities mentioned in the Scope of CSR above .

Table-4.22: Proposed CSR Activities

S.N. HEAD OF WORKS CSR expenditure to be done per year in Rs. Lakhs

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 1 Education facilities including grant of schools, providing education kits, running of schools etc. 130.00 130.00 130.00 130.00 130.00 2 Water Supply and rain water harvesting works, wells, ponds, hand pumps and tube wells 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 3 Health Care and vaccination, 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00

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S.N. HEAD OF WORKS CSR expenditure to be done per year in Rs. Lakhs

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 awareness camp, mobile medical camp, Immunisation, medicine etc. 4 Environnent Protection i.e plantation etc. 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 5 Social Empowerment like Community centre, Literacy drive, shopping complex. 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 6 Infrastructure Development like road, bridge, repairing of school, drains, electric line etc. 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 7 Sports Culture like village stadium village stadium, grant to village sports body, organizing sports meet 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 8 Community specific miscellaneous welfare work identified time to time for their betterment. 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 TOTAL 455.00 455.00 455.00 455.00 455.00

The schemes under the CSR heads will be identified after interaction with Gram Panchayat, Local Government and ECL.

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