An Examination of the Efforts to Enact a Regional Funding Mechanism to Support the Arts and Culture Sector in Greater Philadelphia

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

An Examination of the Efforts to Enact a Regional Funding Mechanism to Support the Arts and Culture Sector in Greater Philadelphia A case study in regionalism: An examination of the efforts to enact a regional funding mechanism to support the arts and culture sector in Greater Philadelphia By Lindsey S. Crane September 16, 2013 THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Master of Science in Arts Administration Drexel University By Lindsey S. Crane ***** Drexel University 2013 Approved by _______________________________ Advisor Name, Degree Advisor Graduate Program in Arts Administration Copyright by Lindsey S. Crane 2013 ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to examine the past attempts at establishing a regional funding mechanism to support arts and culture organizations in the Greater Philadelphia area and to make recommendations regarding any future attempts to secure dedicated, public funding for the sector. This paper will specifically examine the use of a tax as a dedicated source of revenue for public funding by examining other, well-known dedicated tax case studies and interviews with past leaders in regional funding attempts. While the Greater Philadelphia region has a large and robust arts and culture sector, it is not likely that a dedicated tax is the right mechanism to increase public support for the sector. Aside from specific and unique opportunities to enact such a tax, the sector needs to establish a stronger regional identity and case for support to give any future dedicated tax campaigns the potential for success. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am eternally grateful for the guidance and wisdom of my thesis advisor, Thora Jacobson, without whom this paper would not exist. I would also like to extend my gratitude to Julie Hawkins. It was in Julie’s seminar class that the topic of this paper was first conceived. Allison Finkelstein, Amy Gibbs, Susan Kane, and Anne Schoemaker also contributed greatly to the research and planning process. I am grateful for their encouragement, motivation, and thoughtful advice. I would like to extend a special thank you to Nick Crosson, who provided kind advice and data for this paper, as well as the entirety of the Greater Philadelphia Cultural Alliance staff, who graciously hosted me for two days and gave me access to all of their primary research regarding the topic of regional funding mechanisms in the Greater Philadelphia area. This paper and the sector in general, would not be what they are without their immense data collections and reporting. Lastly, I would like to extend an additional special thanks to all of the interview participants who shared their time and thoughts so candidly with me. It is from their experiences that the sector can learn from the past and develop the best options for increasing public support for the arts in Greater Philadelphia in the future. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract……………………………………………………………………………….…ii Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………….…iii Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………...iv INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………..…..1 LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………………….…..4 METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………………..22 CASE STUDIES ON CURRENT DEDICATED TAXES FOR THE ARTS………………………………………………………….24 ALLEGHENY REGIONAL ASSET DISTRICT…………………....25 SCIENTIFIC CULTURAL AND FACILITIES DISTRICT……….30 METROPOLITAN ZOOLOGICAL PARK AND MUSEUM DISTRICT…………………………………………………………....36 CUYAHOGA COUNTY CIGARETTE TAX………………………..40 SALT LAKE COUNTY ZOO, ARTS, AND PARKS TAX…………45 MACOMB, OAKLAND, AND WAYNE COUNTY PROPERTY TAX MILLS FOR THE DETROIT ZOO AND INSTITUE OF ART…52 A BRIEF HISTORY OF ARTS AND CULTURE FUNDING IN PHILADELPHIA…………………………………………………………64 A BRIEF NOTE ON ARTS AND CULTURE FUNDING IN SUBURBAN PHILADELPHIA…………………………………………………………71 PAST ATTEMPTS AT A REGIONAL FUNDING MECHANISM IN THE GREATER PHILADELPHIA AREA…………………………………..76 GENERAL TAXATION IN PHILADELPHIA COUNTY……………….93 DEMOGRAPHICS OF ARTS LEADERS………………………………..102 CHALLENGES TO SUCCESSFULLY PASSING A DEDICATED TAX TO SUPPORT THE ARTS IN THE GREATER PHILADELPHIA REGION…………………………………………….104 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CITY AND SUBURBS……...104 FUNDING MECHANISM STYLE AND DISTRIBUTION…....….108 iv ENVIRONMENT……………………………………………………112 POLITICS……………………………………………………………115 LACK OF A STRONG CASE FOR SUPPORT…………………..117 NO DIVERSE BASE FOR SUPPORT…………………………….124 LACK OF RESOURCES…………………………………………..126 TAXATION IS UNPOPULAR……………………………………..127 EXISTENCE OF OTHER SOCIAL NEEDS AND BUDGETARY CRISES……………………………………………………………129 ISSUES WITH REGIONAL DEFINITIONS……………………..131 TIMING……………………………………………………………...132 ISSUES WITH VALUING THE PHILADELPHIA ARTS SCENE…………………………………………………….133 DISCUSSION……………………………………………………………..135 IS A DEDICATED TAX FOR ARTS AND CULTURE SUPPORT GOOD PUBLIC POLICY IN GREATER PHILADELPHIA? ……………………………………………….137 THOUGHTS FOR THE FUTURE……….………………………….142 CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………146 APPENDICES…………………………………………………………….149 APPENDIX A……………………………………………………..150 List of arts leaders interviewed for thesis APPENDIX B……………………………………………………..154 Map of Greater Philadelphia Five-County Region APPENDIX C…………………………………………………….155 Demographic data comparison APPENDIX D…………………………………………………….157 Timeline of Greater Philadelphia Regional Funding Mechanism Legislation SOURCES CITED……………………………………………….159 v INTRODUCTION Dedicated tax revenues for the arts are one of the most interesting and complicated forms of cultural policy that have been enacted in locations across the United States. Special dedicated tax districts where resulting revenues are distributed for the arts exist in many cities, counties, and, even, in the case of Minnesota, throughout entire states. Some of the most famous and successful examples of these include: St. Louis, Missouri; Denver, Colorado; Allegheny County, Pennsylvania; Cuyahoga County, Ohio; Salt Lake County, Utah; and San Francisco, California. There are also examples of areas where these taxes have been tried, but not successfully implemented, like Kansas City, Missouri and the Greater Philadelphia region. In general, dedicated taxes for the arts are revenues from a special tax in a specific area, which are distributed amongst local arts and culture (non-profit) organizations. In addition to arts and culture organizations, sometimes these revenues are distributed to other interest groups, like parks and recreation. Dedicated taxes for the arts come in a variety of forms and the most popular styles are sales, hotel/motel, and property taxes. In some tax areas, money is distributed to a specific set of institutions (eg. St. Louis, Denver) and in other areas the tax revenue is distributed through a competitive grant process (eg. 1 Allegheny and Cuyahoga Counties, and, again, Denver). In most cases, funds are distributed through a separate, non-political entity, board, or non-profit organization. While the type of tax and distribution method is unique to each location, it appears that these types of taxes tend to be enacted in larger metropolitan areas where there are a sizeable number of arts and culture organizations.1 The existence of a large quantity of arts and culture organizations within a location is not the most important factor in determining if a cultural tax district will be implemented, but it may help to create an active and supportive group of stakeholders to advocate for the implementation of such a tax. Politicians may be more willing to support taxation if the arts and culture sector in an area is so large that it creates a noticeable effect on the local economy and is indeed considered a huge part of an area’s identity. It is not easy to institute a tax—often a costly campaign is required for lobbying and advocacy for legislation. Across the nation dedicated tax districts for the arts share some similarities, but also differences. Six tax districts will be examined in this paper. Specifically, this paper will attempt to identify the process and method by which these programs were enacted, identifying any common themes that emerge amongst them. This paper will also examine why a dedicated tax for the arts has not been successfully implemented 1 The word sizable may imply that tax districts only occur in the most populous cities or metropolises and this is not always the case. An example can be found very distinctly in the state of Utah, where a local option tax for the arts was passed, enabling each county or town to enact a tax to support arts and culture organizations, regardless of the number of these institutions. In the case of Utah, several small towns have successfully activated the local option tax. Clearly, tax districts are not solely a “city phenomenon.” That said, the most well-known and researched of those are larger city-specific tax districts, like Denver, Colorado and St. Louis, Missouri. This paper will examine dedicated taxes enacted in larger, more populous areas because these cases more closely resemble the population size and quantity of organizations in the Greater Philadelphia region. 2 in the Greater Philadelphia region and will make recommendations for any future attempts. In terms of institutional culture, Philadelphia is one of the richest cities in the United States. The number of arts and culture organizations in Philadelphia is second only to New York and Washington D.C.2 In early 2011, Travel and Leisure magazine named Philadelphia the second best city in the country for “culture.”3 It is evident that the city has a diverse and thriving arts and culture scene and it is in many ways surprising that there is not a stronger mechanism for public support of the arts in the area. There have been numerous proposals and attempts to create a dedicated funding mechanism
Recommended publications
  • University of Pittsburgh Institute of Politics Report
    UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH INSTITUTE OF POLITICSreport DIRECTOR’S NOTE ome of you may recall that, in 2012, the Institute of Politics created and presented the inaugural Elsie Hilliard S Hillman Lifetime Achievement Award for Excellence in Public Service to Elsie in recognition of her legacy as a leader who works in a spirit of collaboration to advance a greater good. We at the Institute felt that it was fitting to create this unique award in Elsie’s honor not only because she so deserves it but also because Elsie’s leadership style mirrors the work and mission of the Institute—that is, Issue 53 working in a spirit of collaboration Fall 2014 and inclusive cooperation. For more than two decades, the Institute has CONTENTS served as a catalyst for informed Terry Miller policy dialogue by enlisting the Director’s Note committed involvement of regional cross-sector leaders and page 1 supporting them in the development, formation, and implemen- Elsie Hilliard Hillman Lifetime tation of community and policy outcomes that have advanced Achievement Award for Excellence in Public Service Honoring Jared our region. Cohon and Mark A. Nordenberg page 3 Problem solving through collaborative leadership is being recog- nized as not only one way but also the most effective way to get Profiles in Leadership: Dan Frankel and Jim Christiana things done. So important is it to the core values and activities page 9 of the Institute that we are shaping this year’s annual Elected Board of Fellows Annual Meeting Officials Retreat around this topic: Collaborative Leadership: Summary The Power of Public, Private, and Nonprofit Partnerships.
    [Show full text]
  • Heidi Mays, House Archivist August 14, 2006
    PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BIPARTISAN MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE ORAL HISTORY PROJECT INTERVIEW WITH: The Honorable Lawrence Roberts (D) 51st District Fayette County 1993-2006 INTERVIEW CONDUCTED BY: Heidi Mays, House Archivist August 14, 2006 Transcribed by: Paul Scott © Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Office of the Chief Clerk Heidi Mays (HM): Good afternoon. I‘m here today with Lawrence Roberts, who goes by Larry Roberts, I think? The Honorable Lawrence Roberts (LR): Yes, yes. HM: Who represented the 51st Legislative District from Fayette County [and] who served between the years 1993 and 2006. Thank you for being here with me today. LR: Oh, it‘s nice to be here, Heidi. I‘m glad to be doing this. HM: Thank you. I wanted to begin by asking you about your childhood and your early family life. LR: Oh, wow. Yeah, I was born on November 18, 1941, and was born in a little coal mining town called Fairbank, Pennsylvania, and at that time, my family lived in a, what they called, a company house. You probably heard of company houses. It was two families, one on each side and I think, as I remember, the people that lived on the other side were named Voloski. But, I was then baptized in the Catholic Church on Pearl Harbor Day1, December 7, 1941. Then shortly after that, we moved. My family moved to a little place called New Borough, and that‘s really the only home I really remember. I was a baby when my father bought that house and we moved there, but it was a nice little community.
    [Show full text]
  • CERTIFICATE on ELECTION EXPENSES Paul I
    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA LEGISLATIVE JOURNAL TUESDAY, JANUARY 5,1993 SESSION OF 1993 17TTH OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY No. 1 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES troublesome times, finding in the examples hmow Nation's past steadfastness of spirit and strength of will not only to ANNOUNCEMENT behold the right but to meet its challenge. Remember, too, that this building has seen the mortal illness At 11:30 a.m., the HONORABLE MA.1-TIIEW J. RYAN, and death of many elected officials, one of the most recent of a member-elect from llelaware County, made the following which that of James Manderino, the rock of Monessen, ought announcement in the hall of the House: to serve to remind all who labor in this legislative vineyard that the Sun's majesty does not shine only on this building to In accordance with the provision5 of Article 11, section 4, of the exclusion of the rest of the that those who the Conslitut~on of Pennsylvania, the members-elect of the work here - to maintain a reservoir of Rood humor House of Representatives will meet thls day at 12 o'clock noon emotional detachment, trusting their own to in the hall of the House of Representatives for the purpose of . I same to opponent; remembering, too, that organlzatlon. I des~ite evidence to the contrary, one's own intellectual judgment on a bill or issue may possibly be in error and that, CALL TO ORDER believe it or not, the other fellow may possibly be right. I Neither side has a monopoly on the good and the true and The hour of 12 o'clock having amvcd, the IfONOKhSLE the beautiful.
    [Show full text]
  • Schweiker Tom Ridge Republican Nominee for Governor
    This document is from the collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansas http://dolearchives.ku.edu Page 1 of 79 10108/1992 83 :2~ This703323834~ document is from the collections at theKARL Dole GALLANT Archives, University of Kansas PAGE El2 http://dolearchives.ku.edu TO 70332~345 1994. 10-07 H:EMORAND'C'M TO : Lcf.\.l.:c:·le Simrnone FROM: Charles G. Kopp DA.Ti: October 7, l~~4 RF.: De1P. Event Cha~lee G. Kopp, Oo-Chairman WOLF , H~OCK 1 SCHORR and SOLIS•COHEN 1r;th and ~eetnut Strcote 12~0 Paokard Bldg. ihil&., fA 19l02 :215/~77-:2158 Dr. Pa~l :!3~cko?:r, : Pre•id.ent T~O~ JEFFERSON UNIVEKS1T¥ 641 Scott St~eet P~ila., PA 19107 215/,$$•6617 Daniel 'J. Keating, II! / :s>residenc K~At!NO SUI~DING ¢0RPORATlON Ct"l~ 'Ral a A.venue .B .;i.la Cynwyd 1 :PA 1~004 315/ 668·4100 Michael 1<arp 1 Pr••id~nt ATX TJ:;LJECO!rl.MUNICATIO?t.S SS~VIC!:S 5 a Mon1,1,."l\ent Road i~la ~~d, P~ 19004 ~15/3!6-4,00 Manny seamataki•, Freside:•t CAPITAL MA.NAGEMEN't' ENTEJRP~. I~EA 1111 w. De~alb ii~e Wf.yne, PA l~Oe7 21S/2S5-9600 Eoh Ash•~, Praaident ASHER'$ CHO~OLAtES 14$ x~y•e~~- Drivo M~ntgomerYv"ille, ~A l8936 .215/628··4420 Page 2 of 79 PAGE El4 KARL GALLAMT 18108/1532 ~3;2G 7El3323834GThis document is from the collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansas http://dolearchives.ku.edu FROM I TO 7~3::!:1;,o .:i .
    [Show full text]
  • ALABAMA: GOVERNOR DON SIEGELMAN (D) Vs
    ALABAMA: GOVERNOR DON SIEGELMAN (D) vs. REP. BOB RILEY (R) DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN Gov. Don Siegelman Rep. Bob Riley www.siegelman.com www.bobrileyforgovernor.com CM: Josh Hayes CM: Sam Daniels Press: Jim Andrews Press: Leland Whaley Media: Shorr & Assoc. Media: Alfano Productions Saul Shorr Kim Alfano Polls: Hickman Brown Polls: Market Research Institute Harrison Hickman Vern Kennedy Money Raised: $4.2 million (as of 9/30) Money Raised: $3.4 million (as of 9/30) Last Race (1998) Pop. Vote Vote % Don Siegelman (D) 760,155 58% Fob James (R) 554,746 42% Race Outlook: TOSS-UP Thanks to budget problems, an ethics investigation and charges that he’s funneled state contracts to friends and campaign donors, Gov. Don Siegelman is fighting to keep his job against Republican U.S. Rep. Bob Riley. Recent polls have consistently shown the two in a statistical dead heat, however, as recently as May, Siegelman was down 8 points to Riley. Clearly, this is not good for a first-term governor who won his last election by 16 points. A mid-September University of Alabama-Birmingham poll had Riley up 45-43% while an early September University of Southern Alabama poll showed Riley ahead 44-41%. Riley has hammered away at Siegelman’s ethics problems which include fees he’d received from his law firm while running the state (after an investigation, he was cleared) and giving state contracts to political cronies without bids from others. One of Riley’s ads boasts that he wants to “end corruption,” he’s “an honest leader,” and he kept his term-limits promise; another features an endorsement from his wife - Siegelman has stayed afloat by attacking his challenger on a variety of issues.
    [Show full text]
  • Richard J. Cessar (R)
    PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BIPARTISAN MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE ORAL HISTORY PROJECT INTERVIEW WITH: The Honorable Richard J. Cessar (R) 30th District Allegheny County 1971-1994 INTERVIEW CONDUCTED BY: Simon Bronner, PhD June 7, 2005 Transcribed by: Raymond Whittaker © Copyright, Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Office of the Chief Clerk Simon Bronner (SB): My name is Simon Bronner. I’m conducting an oral history with Rick Cessar, who was the Representative for Allegheny County in the 30th District from 1971-1994. Welcome to the project. The Honorable Richard J. Cessar (RC): Glad to be here. SB: The first question I’d like to ask you is about your early years and what prepared you for public life? RC: Believe or not, when I was a young man I became a policeman at the age of 21. And I lived within the community for 17 years serving as a police officer and very active in the community. Fire department, church – I was the usher, took up the collection, you know, and my children were in the baseball league and they were active in the community. And then I became a member of the Elks Lodge, which was the biggest lodge in the whole state, 2600 members. [I was] very active in it and participated in all philanthropic endeavors of that organization and got to know a lot of people. I thought that I should be making a career change after 17 years and, fortunately for me, a gentleman by the name of Lee Donaldson [State Representative, Allegheny County 1955- 1970] had just been elected as the Majority Floor Leader in the House of Representatives.
    [Show full text]
  • This Book Comes on the 100Th Anniversary of the 19Th Amendment to the United States Constitution
    This book comes on the 100th anniversary of the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution. Since then, women have taken their rightful place alongside men in crafting the laws that govern our land. We hope this effort honors all the women who have dedicated themselves to serving the people of the Commonwealth in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. From the first eight women who were elected after the passage of the 19th Amendment, to the record number of women who took office in the House in the 2019-20 Legislative Session — all of their dedication and leadership have inspired Pennsylvanians for a century. Bryan Cutler The Speaker One hundred yearsIntroduction ago, women in Pennsylvania and across the country were given the right to vote. The 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified on August 26, 1920. Two years following this historic event, on November 22, 1922, eight women were elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. Today there are 55 female legislators comprising one-quarter of the chamber’s population. This book commemorates and celebrates nearly a century of women’s involvement in the legislature by providing a biography of every woman who has served. Pennsylvania’s Provincial Assembly, today known as the House of Representatives, was created by William Penn in 1682. It is difficult to imagine that for the first 238 years of the legislature’s existence, women were not permitted to vote, let alone hold public office. As you will read in this book, women began mobilizing in the 1830s. Initially their efforts focused on anti-slavery, and later, on the right to vote.
    [Show full text]
  • 2002: Volume 11
    COMMONWEALTH A Journal of Political Science 2002 Volume 11 ISSN 0890~2410 COMMONWEALTH: A Journal of Political Science EDITOR: Gerard J. Fitzpatrick, Ursinus College ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Thomas J. Baldino, Wilkes University Donald G. Tannenbaum, Gettysburg College MANAGING EDITOR: Harold Cox, Wilkes University EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD Aryeh Botwinick Michael J. Malbin Temple University State University of NY, Albany M. Margaret Conway Harvey C. Mansfield, Jr. University of Florida Harvard lJniver~ity Roger H. Davidson Kenneth F. Mott University of Maryland Gettysburg College Jean B. Elshtain Craig N.l\1urphy Urriversity of Chicago Wellesley College Richard F. Fenno Steven A. Peterson University of Rochester Pennsylvania State University Marianne Githens Mark P. Petracca Goucher College University of California, Irvine Susan W. Hammond H. Mark Roelofs American University New York University Samuel Krislov Bruce M. Russett University of Minnesota Yale University G. Calvin Mackenzie ]. David Singer Colby College University of Michigan Contents Volume 11 2002 ISBN 0890-2410 Nietzsche's Rejection of Wagner: Aesthetics, Ethics, and Politics William F. Byrne 1 Labor Unions and American Elections: The Politics of Voter Mobilization in the 2000 Presidential Election Donald W. Beachler 23 The Impact of Rhetorical Situation on Realism as Measured by the Lexi-. cal Content of Governors' State-of-the-State Speeches Daniel DiLeo 39 PENNSYLVANIA RESEARCH Would You Vote for Colin l.Jowell'? White Support for a Not Quite Color­ less Black Candidate April Gresham and Robert Maranto 53 A Tale of Two Cities: The 1999 Philadelphia Mayoral Election Jeffrey Kraus 71 About the Authors Donald W. Beachler, Ph.D., is a professor of politics at Ithaca College.
    [Show full text]
  • Pennsylvaniahouse of Representatives
    PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BIPARTISAN MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE ORAL HISTORY PROJECT INTERVIEW WITH: The Honorable Alan Butkovitz (D) 174th District Philadelphia County 1991-2004 INTERVIEW CONDUCTED BY: Heidi Mays, House Archivist June 20, 2007 Transcribed by: Heather Deppen Hillard and Erin Miller © Copyright, Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Office of the Chief Clerk Heidi Mays (HM): Good morning. The Honorable Alan Butkovitz (AB): Good morning. HM: I‟m here today with Alan Butkovitz who is a former Representative who served the 174th Legislative District from parts of Philadelphia County. I appreciate you taking the time to be here with me this morning. AB: I appreciate the opportunity to do this. HM: Thank you. I wanted to begin by asking you about your childhood and your early family life and how you feel that prepared you for public service. AB: I was interested in politics from an early age. Mostly, my grandmother had an interest in public affairs. She had emigrated from Russia and, in fact, the way I learned to read was by reading biographies, a lot of biographies; Franklin Roosevelt [32nd President of the United States, 1933-1945] and Winston Churchill [Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, 1940-1945 and 1951-1955] and David Ben-Gurion [first Prime Minister of Israel, 1949-1953 and 1955-1963]. And I would sit on a little red stool while she would make dinner Friday night and read those things. And she was a very passionate supporter of President Kennedy [John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States, 1961-1963] when he was running in 1960, which was the first election that I have any consciousness of when I was eight.
    [Show full text]
  • Pennsylvania House of Representatives Archives
    PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BIPARTISAN MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE ORAL HISTORY PROJECT INTERVIEW WITH: The Honorable Guy A. Travaglio (D) 11th District Butler County 1995-2004 INTERVIEWED CONDUCTED BY: Simon J. Bronner, Ph.D. November 19th, 2004 Transcribed by: Heather Deppen Hillard © Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Office of the Chief Clerk Simon Bronner (SB): Good morning. The Honorable Guy A. Travaglio (GAT): Good morning. SB: I‘m very happy to be here with you. We‘re going to be asking you questions about your legacy and your reflection upon your service. I want to begin by asking you what events or experiences in your childhood prepared you for what you are doing today? GAT: Well, I think one of the things was, you know, going to the movies back in the [19]30s; that was the thing to be doing (laugh). And we used to go every Saturday, and one of the movies was about lawyers and I thought that would be kind-of neat. I thought that‘s what I wanted to do, and I did. I used to buy the books of law and read them and I kept that thought in mind up until the time I went to the Army; came back from the Army, went to college and realized that I didn‘t have the time to devote to being a good lawyer, having a family and trying to make ends meet. So, I gave it up and never even gave it a second thought, about furthering that thought, and I ended up running for [Butler] City Council for four years.
    [Show full text]
  • Constance H. Williams (D)
    PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BIPARTISAN MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE ORAL HISTORY PROJECT INTERVIEW WITH: The Honorable Constance H. Williams (D) 149th District Montgomery County 1997-2001 INTERVIEW CONDUCTED BY: Jesse Teitelbaum September 24, 2008 Transcribed by: Jesse Teitelbaum © Copyright, Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Office of the Chief Clerk 1 Jesse Teitelbaum: Well, good morning. The Honorable Connie Williams: Hi. JT: I am sitting here with Senator Constance Williams from the 17th district of the Senatorial service who formerly represented the 149th Legislative district of Montgomery County. Good morning. CW: Hi. JT: Senator, I’d like to start out by asking you a question about your background. Tell me about your family life and growing up and eventually how you got into politics. CW: I was born into a political family, so that’s how I got into politics. I grew up in a family where political service and elected office was valued. My grandfather, David T. Wilentz, was the National Committeeman from New Jersey at the time when the Democratic Party in each state only had two Committee people. And he had been the Committeeman for 40 years. He was one of the major leaders in New Jersey in the Democratic Party. He was the Attorney General in New Jersey and prosecuted [Richard “Bruno”] Hauptman in the [Charles] Lindberg kidnapping case [1935]. He probably would have run for office, but as a Jew, at that point in time, it would have been very difficult to be elected. So he really was a Party leader. The town I grew up in was Perth Amboy in Middlesex County, and he was a force in Democratic politics until he died in 1988.
    [Show full text]
  • Gubernatorial Elections, 1948-2013 Note: the Winner of Each Election Is
    Gubernatorial Elections, 1948-2013 Note: The winner of each election is in bold. A bold election year indicates an incumbent loss. *Incumbent initially gained office by rules of succession. **Incumbent lost in primary Year Incumbent Challenger(s) State 1948 Daniel E Garvey* Bruce Brockett Arizona 1948 None Sidney Sanders McMath Arkansas 1948 William L. Nous David Hamil Colorado 1948 James C. Shannon* Chester Bowles Connecticut 1948 None Elbert N. Carvel Delaware 1948 Melvin E. Thompsoni * ** Herman Talmadge Georgia 1948 Dwight H. Green Adlai Stevenson Illinois 1948 Robert D. Blue** William S. Beardsley Iowa 1948 Frank Carlson Randolph Carpenter Kansas 1948 None Earl Long Louisiana 1948 None Frederick Payne Maine 1948 Robert F. Bradford Paul A. Dever Massachusetts 1948 Kim Sigler Soapy Williams Michigan 1948 Luther W. Youngdahl Charles Halsted Minnesota 1948 Sam C. Ford John W. Bonner Montana 1948 Val Peterson Frank Sorrell Nebraska 1948 None Sherman Adams New Hampshire 1948 Thomas J. Mabry Manuel Lujan New Mexico 1948 Fred G. Aandahl Howard Henry North Dakota 1948 Thomas J. Herbert Frank J. Lausche Ohio 1948 John Hallii * ** Douglas McKay Oregon 1948 John Orlando Pastore Albert P. Ruerat Rhode Island 1948 George T. Mickelson Harold J. Volz South Dakota 1948 James N. McCord** Gordon Weaver Browning Tennessee 1948 Beauford Jester Alvin H. Lane Texas 1948 Herbert Brown Maw J. Bracken Lee Utah 1948 Ernest W. Gibson, Jr. Charles F. Ryan Vermont 1948 Monrad Charles Wallgreen Arthur Bernard Langlie Washington 1948 Oscar Rennebohm* Carl W. Thompson Wisconsin 1949 Alfred Eastlack Driscoll Elmer Wene New Jersey 1950 Daniel E. Garvey** Howard Pyle Arizona 1950 Sidney Sanders McMath Arkansas 1950 Earl Warren James Roosevelt California 1950 Walter Walford Johnson* Dan Thornton Colorado 1950 Chester Bowles John Davis Lodge Connecticut 1950 Herman Talmadge Georgia 1950 None Len Jordan Idaho 1950 William S.
    [Show full text]