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Mobile Wimax Downlink Performance Analysis with Adaptive MIMO Switching Tran, T., Halls, DE., Doufexi, A., Nix, AR., & Beach, MA. (2009). Mobile WiMAX downlink performance analysis with adaptive MIMO switching. In IEEE Mobile WiMAX Symposium 2009, Napa Valley, California (pp. 147 - 151). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). https://doi.org/10.1109/MWS.2009.34 Peer reviewed version Link to published version (if available): 10.1109/MWS.2009.34 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ 2009 IEEE Mobile WiMAX Symposium Mobile WiMAX: Downlink Performance Analysis with Adaptive MIMO Switching Mai Tran, David Halls, Andrew Nix, Angela Doufexi and Mark Beach Centre for Communications Research, Merchant Venturers Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK Abstract—The WiMAX standard has emerged to harmonise Mobile WiMAX supports a full-range of smart antenna the wide variety of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) techniques, including eigen-beamforming (EB), spatial technologies. The recent mobile WiMAX standard (802.16e) transmit diversity and spatial multiplexing (SM). EB supports broadband applications to mobile terminals and operates at the sub-carrier level and converts the flat-fading laptops in urban environments. Mobile WiMAX supports a full range of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques MIMO channel into a set of independent scalar channels. including space time block coding (STBC), spatial multiplexing This is achieved by applying transmit and receive beam (SM) and eigen-beamforming (EB). This paper compares the weights. To compute the required array weights full performance of the above schemes in terms of achievable knowledge of the Channel State Information (CSI) is throughput and operating range. Simulated packet error rate necessary at the transmitter [3]. (PER) and throughput results are presented for each MIMO Spatial transmit diversity is achieved in the mobile technique, and for a range of modulation and coding rates. Based on a typical link-budget, the expected throughput for WiMAX standard by applying Alamouti’s Space-Time each scheme is computed as a function of the basestation- Block Codes (STBC) on the Downlink (DL) [4], and Space- terminal separation distance. The paper highlights the use of Frequency Block Codes (SFBC) on the Uplink (UL) [5]. SM Adaptive MIMO Switching (AMS) in mobile WiMAX. The can also be employed on the DL and UL to increase the SNR switching points between each MIMO mode is determined error-free peak throughput [6]. and their dependency on channel spatial correlation is In this paper we investigate the downlink performance of demonstrated. Finally the operating range of the different MIMO schemes is determined (based on a 10% PER) for a mobile WiMAX in an urban microcell. In particular, STBC, mobile WiMAX system. The use of eigen-beamforming SM and EB are used to enhance performance (relative to the together with AMS is shown to offer significant performance single antenna case). Packet Error Rate (PER) and benefits in terms of robustness, capacity and operating range. throughput results are presented for spatially correlated and For the scenario under test, the use of eigen-beamforming uncorrelated channels. Finally, for each scheme, the (based on the dominant eigen-mode) extends the operating expected throughput is calculated as a function of operating range by 16%, and doubles the received data rate for 65% of locations. range (using a typical link budget). Adaptive MIMO Switching (AMS) is used to determine the most appropriate Index Terms—802.16e, WiMAX, MIMO, AMS, Beamforming technique as a function of range, throughput and PER. NTRODUCTION I. I II. MOBILE WIMAX PHY DESCRIPTION The first WiMAX systems were based on the IEEE 802.16-2004 standard [1]. This targeted fixed broadband The mobile WiMAX standard builds on the principles of wireless applications via the installation of Customer OFDM by adopting a Scalable OFDMA-based PHY layer Premises Equipment (CPE). In December, 2005 the IEEE (SOFDMA). The FFT size scales with bandwidth to completed the 802.16e-2005 [2] amendment, which added maintain a fixed sub-carrier frequency spacing of 10.94 new features to support mobile applications. kHz. This ensures a fixed OFDMA symbol duration. Since Mobile WiMAX extends the original OFDM PHY layer the basic resource unit (i.e. the OFDMA symbol duration) is to offer efficient multiple-access using scalable OFDMA. fixed, the impact of bandwidth scaling is minimized to the Data streams to and from individual user equipment are upper layers. Table 1 shows the relevant parameters for the multiplexed to groups of subchannels on the downlink and mobile WiMAX OFDMA PHY. Table II summarises the uplink. By adopting a scalable PHY architecture, mobile OFDMA simulation parameters. WiMAX is able to support a wide range of bandwidths. The TABLE I - OFDMA PHY PARAMETERS scalability is implemented by varying the FFT size from 128 to 512, 1024, and 2048 to support channel bandwidths of Parameter Value FFT size 128 512 1024 2048 1.25 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz respectively. Channel bandwidth (MHz) 1.25 5 10 20 Power and spectral efficiency are vital since bandwidth is Subcarrier frequency spacing (kHz) 10.94 limited and user demand for high data rate applications Useful symbol period ( μs ) 91.4 continues to grow. One way to improve link capacity, and Guard Time 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, ¼ potentially increase spectral efficiency, is the application of Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of our MIMO enabled MIMO. The combination of OFDM and MIMO enables the WiMAX simulator. The channel coding stage includes frequency selective MIMO channel to be separated into randomization, convolutional coding (native code rate is ½) many flat fading channels. This allows equalisation to be and puncturing to produce higher code rates. performed in the frequency domain on a sub-carrier by sub- carrier basis. 978-0-7695-3719-1/09 $25.00 © 2009 IEEE 147 DOI 10.1109/MWS.2009.34 Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL. Downloaded on October 9, 2009 at 11:09 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. TABLE II -OFDMA PARAMETERS TABLE III - MIMO MOBILE WIMAX LINK SPEEDS STBC 2x2 Parameter Value No. of coded No. of data SM 2x2 DL/UL Channel bandwidth (MHz) 5 Mode bits per bits per DL/UL bit (Link-Speed) subchannel subchannel bit rate/user Sampling frequency Fs (MHz) 5.6 rate/user DL/UL DL/UL (Mbps) Sampling period 1/ Fs (µs) 0.18 (Mbps) QPSK 1/2 48/32 24/16 1.17/0.62 2.34/1.24 Subcarrier frequency spacing Δ=fFN/ (kHz) 10.94 s FFT QPSK 3/4 48/32 36/24 1.75/0.93 3.5/1.86 =Δμ 16 QAM 1/2 96/64 48/32 2.33/1.24 4.66/2.49 Useful symbol period Tfb 1/ ( s ) 91.4 16 QAM 3/4 96/64 72/48 3.50/1.87 7/3.73 64 QAM 1/2 144/96 72/48 3.50/1.87 7/3.73 = μ Guard Time TTg b /8( s ) 11.4 64 QAM 2/3 144/96 96/64 4.66/2.49 9.33/4.98 64 QAM 3/4 144/96 108/72 5.25/2.80 10.50/5.60 =+ μ OFDMA symbol duration TTTs b g ( s ) 102.9 DL PUSC UL PUSC III. MIMO WIDEBAND CHANNEL MODEL Number of used subcarriers (Nused) 421 409 Number of pilot subcarriers 60 136 Based on the ETSI 3GPP2 spatial channel model (SCM) Number of data subcarriers 360 272 [7], an urban micro tapped delay line (TDL) model was Number of data subcarriers/subchannel 24 16 generated for use in this analysis. The TDL comprises 6 taps Number of subchannels 15 17 with non-uniform delays. The Mobile Station (MS) velocity Number of users (Nusers) 3 3 Number of subchannels/user 5 4 is assumed to be 40 km/h. The antenna element separation is half a wavelength. A 3 sector base station (BS) is assumed and the channel was generated for 3 MS. The resulting spatial correlation coefficient ρ is 0.16 (highly uncorrelated) for one MS and 0.8 (highly correlated) for the other two MS. The channel has the following parameters: TABLE IV - 3GPP TDL CHANNEL PARAMETER Tap 1 Tap 2 Tap 3 Tap 4 Tap 5 Tap 6 Delay (ns) 0 210 470 760 845 910 Power (dB) 0 -1.8 -1.5 -7.2 -10 -13 K factor 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fig. 1. Mobile WiMAX functional stages Delay spread 279 ns A block interleaver is used to interleave the encoded bits onto separated subcarriers, thus minimizing the impact of IV. MIMO SCENARIOS DESCRIPTION burst errors. Once the data has been modulated (using A. Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) QPSK, 16QAM, or 64QAM) the data is mapped by segmenting the sequence of modulation symbols into a Our mobile WIMAX simulator implements the Alamouti sequence of slots (using the minimum data allocation unit) scheme [4] on the DL to provide transmit and receive and then mapping these slots into a data region. This is diversity. This scheme uses a transmission matrix [ − * * ] performed such that the lowest numbered slot occupies the s1, s2; s2 ,s1 , where s1 and s2 represents two consecutive lowest numbered (logical) subchannel among the allocated OFDMA symbols. subchannels. The mapping of slots continues vertically to the edge of the data region (defined as a group of contiguous B. Spatial Multiplexing (SM) logical subchannels), and then moves to the next available Mobile WiMAX supports SM (also known as BLAST) to OFDMA slot.
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