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Application of MIMO Smart Antennas Into Wimax-OFDM System in Real Fading IEEE Standardized Channels

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Application of MIMO Smart Antennas Into Wimax-OFDM System in Real Fading IEEE Standardized Channels Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2012 Vol II WCECS 2012, October 24-26, 2012, San Francisco, USA Application of MIMO Smart Antennas into WiMAX-OFDM System in Real Fading IEEE Standardized Channels Osama W. Ata, Nemer A.M. Al-Amleh. Abstract— WiMAX OFDM-based systems are WiMAX comes as an alternative to cable and digital characterized by their ability to provide high data rate with subscriber loop (DSL). WiMAX is based upon Orthogonal low BER (bit error rate) at low SNR (signal to noise ratio). In Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) that provides this paper, we demonstrate the performance of the system very good spectral efficiency and resistance to multi-path under real fading IEEE standardized channels; originally propagation. It targets frequency bands below 11 GHz [3], known as the Stanford University Interim (SUI) channels for broadband wireless access. The six channel models can deliver data rates of 75 Mbps, cover ranges of 30km, characterize most possible environmental fading effects. They and can provide secure delivery of content and support define three terrain channel types; soft fading environment mobile users at vehicular speeds [4]. (SUI 1 and SUI 2), intermediate fading environment (SUI 3 and SUI 4) and harsh fading environment (SUI 5 and SUI 6). OFDM can significantly simplify the equalization Each fading environment is thus characterized by two channels problem. A frequency selective channel is approximately representing the possible extremes so that the actual fading flat in each sub-channel. Instead of single carrier with high channel falls in between. All mandatory WiMAX parameters data rate, OFDM uses more subcarriers modulated with such as BPSK, 16-QAM, Reed Solomon encoding, to name a lower data rates. This leads to small channel variations in few, were used in the simulation of the system and their results in terms of BER versus SNR plots were analyzed. Our focus is every sub-channel. Therefore the inter-symbol interference on optional parameters in the Standard such as 256-QAM, 512 is reduced or even diminished [5]. subcarriers and, best of all, promising MIMO smart antenna application. Conclusions are extracted from simulation results In the literature, Marko Djurdjevic et al, in his paper, that specify best configuration of WiMAX system. So in this introduced the standard based WiMAX downlink model for work, we present the results of the 1x2, 1x4 receiver diversity testing future improvements in data transmissions over the and 2x2, 4x4 MIMO with 512 subcarriers and show system Stanford University Interim channels [5]. Bikash C. Singh et performance improvement in both the data rate and BER-SNR al focused on Simulation based analysis of IEEES02.16- relationship. We compare those results with the mandatory 2004/WMAN-OFDM PHY layer. Specifically the paper reference model of the IEEE 802.16d standard. aimed at quantifying the improvement of the PHY layer Index Terms—WiMAX-OFDM, MIMO, SUI channels, performance, evaluated in terms of bit error rate (BER) Fading, Smart Antennas. versus Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), with respect to the different channel models [4]. I. INTRODUCTION Other papers investigated for the optional parameters in The term WiMAX means: Worldwide Interoperability the Standard such as MIMO-OFDM for further more for Microwave Access. WiMAX technologies are widely improvements on data rate and performance of WiMAX. accepted as a cost effective and reliable solution for Specifically, Pranesh Shah and Kaylan Mondal showed, in delivering wireless broadband services [1]. WiMAX is their paper, the performance of OFDM-based WiMAX based on a next generation all IP core network, which offers utilizing Alamouti’s two transmitters and one receiver low latency, advanced security, QoS (Quality of Service), diversity concept under frequency selective Rayleigh fading and, in the case of mobility, worldwide roaming capabilities and maximum Doppler shift channel fading conditions [3]. [2]. Jafarian and Rjabzadeh presented a simulation model for Manuscript received July 26, 2011; revised August 7, 2011. fixed WiMAX with MIMO 2x2 and 4x4. The authors Osama W. Ata is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Palestine Polytechnic proposed a new approach that eliminated co-space University, Hebron, Palestine (phone +970-2-2987978). He is currently on interference (CSI) and the inter-symbol interference (ISI) by leave to the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA. (E-mail: using the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) method [6]. [email protected]). Gutierrez et al presented in their paper a combination of Nemer A. M. Al-Amleh graduated with a B.Sc. in Electrical transmit antennas selection [M=2, 3, 4] with a fixed number Engineering, with high honors, from Palestine Polytechnic University in July 2010. (E-mail: [email protected]). of receive antennas of N = 2 using the space time block ISBN: 978-988-19252-4-4 WCECS 2012 ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online) Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2012 Vol II WCECS 2012, October 24-26, 2012, San Francisco, USA coding (STBC) technique to improve the data rate and the It consists of parameters; part of which is mandatory performance of WiMAX system [7]. Kobeissi et al and others are optional. Table 1 shows the main WiMAX presented, in their paper, a simulation of mobile WiMAX parameters [10]. 802.16e system by using the Golden Code, claimed to be the best full-rate full-diversity 2x2 STC at 10 MHz bandwidth II. SYSTEM MODEL [8] . The block diagram of a WiMAX OFDM-based system In this paper we propose higher modulation, higher consists basically of the transmitter, the receiver and the number of subcarriers and transmit diversity schemes for the fading channel between them. The fading channel model IEEE 802.16d – 2004 Standard. We propose 256-QAM will be described in a separate section. The transmitter is modulation, 512 subcarriers, 1x2, 1x4 receiver diversity and composed of the primary blocks, shown in Figure 1. The 2x2, 4x4 MIMO diversity. All simulations are run under channel encoder separates or segments the incoming bit referenced channel models - SUI channel (Stanford Interim stream (the output of the source encoder) into equal length University) - as real fading channel scenarios. The blocks of L binary digits and maps each L- bit message performance results are introduced in terms bit-error rate block into an N - bit code word where N >L and the extra N (BER) versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In all simulations – L check bits provide the required error protection. There we used Mathworks MATLAB R2008a software release as are M = 2^L messages and thus 2^L code words of length N a suitable platform for simulation of several parameters of bits. The channel decoder maps the received N -bit word to the OFDM physical (PHY) layer in the IEEE 802.16d Air the most likely code word and inversely maps the N -bit Interface Standard [9]. Fixed WiMAX, based on the IEEE code word to the corresponding L -bit message. 802.16-2004 Standard, has proven to be a cost- effective fixed wireless alternative to cable and DSL services. It is During the symbol mapping stage, the sequence of based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, binary bits is converted to a sequence of complex valued known to offer good resistance to multipath, which allows symbols [10]. WiMAX to operate in NLOS conditions. It offers a set of features with a lot of flexibility in terms of deployment In order to overcome the inconvenient requirement for options and potential service offerings [2]. RF radios in both the transmitter and the receiver, OFDM uses a technique called Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Table 1: Parameters of WiMAX based on OFDM which leads itself to a highly efficient technique known as the fast Fourier transform (FFT). The FFT and its inverse, Adaptive modulation (BPSK, the IFFT, can create a multitude of orthogonal subcarriers Mandatory QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM) using a single radio. Parameters Reed Solomon (outer code) concatenated with Convolution encoder (inner code) Randomization Interleaving Cyclic prefix of 1/4 , 1/8 , 1/16 or 1/32 of OFDM symbol time Bandwidth must be multiple of (1.5 , 1.75 ,2 , 2.5 , 2.75 or 5 )MHz Figure 1: Block diagram of MIMO - OFDM transmitter 256 orthogonal subcarriers, 192 of them for data and 8 for The cyclic prefix provides a guard interval for all multipaths pilot, one for DC and the following the first arrival signal. As a result the time remaining for the guard band. required to observe a useful OFDM symbol is quite up to Space-Time diversity at the the guard band interval, allowed. Optional transmitter or/and at receiver Parameters Multiple input multiple outputs At the receiver, first RF demodulation is performed as (MIMO). shown in Figure 2. Then the signal is digitized using an Turbo coding ADC. Timing and frequency synchronization are performed. 512 subcarriers The guard time is removed from each OFDM symbol. The 256 - QAM sequence is converted to parallel format. FFT (OFDM ISBN: 978-988-19252-4-4 WCECS 2012 ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online) Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2012 Vol II WCECS 2012, October 24-26, 2012, San Francisco, USA demodulation) is applied to get back to the frequency carrier spacing of 1/T makes them orthogonal over each domain. The output is then serialized. Symbol de-mapping symbol period; this property is expressed as: is done to get back the coded bit sequence. Channel decoding, de-interleaving, Viterbi decoding, de- randomization) is done to get the user bit sequence. (2) To avoid inter symbol interference in multipath fading channels, a guard interval of length Tg is inserted prior to the OFDM block.
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