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Playful'learning'in'the'efl'class:' The'beneficial'use'of'board'games'and'the' LEGO'serious'play'method' ! ! ! Action'research'project'

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Playful'learning'in'the'efl'class:' The'beneficial'use'of'board'games'and'the' LEGO'serious'play'method' ! ! ! Action'research'project' ! ! ! ! ! ! Playful'Learning'in'the'EFL'Class:' The'Beneficial'Use'of'Board'Games'and'the' LEGO'Serious'Play'Method' ! ! ! Action'Research'Project' ! Master'in'Teaching'English'as'a'Foreign'Language' ! ! ' By'Ms.'REGINA'HELENA'MATEOS'RODILLA' ' ' Supervised'by:' Dr.'ALBERTO'LÁZARO'LAFUENTE' ' ' ' ' Alcalá'de'Henares,'12'September'2012' ' ! Table'of'contents' Introduction ......................................................................................................... 3 1.'Defining'Playful'Learning .................................................................................. 7 1.1.!The!nature!and!purpose!of!play ........................................................................................................ 9 1.2.!The!current!situation!in!the!EFL!class............................................................................................ 9 1.2.1.$Traditional$language$games ........................................................................................................10 2.'Board'Games'as'pathways'to'Playful'Learning ................................................ 12 2.1.!First!evidences........................................................................................................................................12 2.2.!Definition ..................................................................................................................................................12 2.3.!Overall!benefits!of!board!games .....................................................................................................13 2.4.!Types!and!categories ...........................................................................................................................17 2.5.!The!controversy!over!educational!language!board!games..................................................17 3.'Choosing'candidates'for'syllabus'alignment.................................................... 19 3.1.!Praising!A$Board$Game$Education!and!Libraries$Got$Game .................................................19 3.2.!Traditional/Classic/American!board!games.............................................................................20 3.3.!Designer/Modern/!European!board!games ..............................................................................21 3.3.1.$What$makes$designer$games$different.....................................................................................22 3.3.2.$Why$designer$board$games$matter...........................................................................................25 3.4.!Board!game!alignment!with!educational!standards ..............................................................25 3.4.1.$Designer$board$games$in$the$EFL$class ...................................................................................26 3.5.!Suggestions!for!board!game!implementation ...........................................................................27 3.5.1.$Hints$to$tailor$board$games$to$classroom$use ......................................................................28 3.5.2.$Problems$that$may$arise ................................................................................................................33 4.'The'LEGO'Serious'Play'method:'My'favourite*candidate ................................. 38 4.1.!My!LEGO!experience ............................................................................................................................38 4.2.!Why!I!see!LEGO!as!the!perfect!alley ..............................................................................................39 4.3.!LEGO!Serious!Play!and!how!it!works!for!education...............................................................40 4.3.1.$What$is$LEGO$Serious$Play?..........................................................................................................40 4.3.2.$The$process$step$by$step .................................................................................................................40 4.4.!Creative$Explorations!and!the!principles!of!LSP.......................................................................42 ! 1! 4.5.!Further!reasons!for!bringing!LSP!in!the!EFL!class..................................................................47 5.'Linking'ideas'to'the'lessons'learned'in'this'Master’s ....................................... 50 5.1.!Cultural!Aspects!of!Foreign!Language!Teaching......................................................................51 5.2.!Befriending!the!digital!world ...........................................................................................................51 5.3.!The!Place!of!Literature!in!the!Teaching!of!English .................................................................52 5.4.!Storytelling!and!story!making..........................................................................................................52 5.5.!Classroom!Management!and!Motivation.....................................................................................53 Final'Considerations ........................................................................................... 55 References.......................................................................................................... 57 Appendices......................................................................................................... 61 Appendix!1........................................................................................................................................................61 Appendix!2........................................................................................................................................................63 Appendix!3........................................................................................................................................................67 Appendix!4........................................................................................................................................................70 Appendix!5........................................................................................................................................................72 ! ! 2! ! Introduction! ! When!I!worked!for!The!LEGO!Group!in!Denmark!I!had!the!chance!of!attending!several! conferences! on! education! and! child>development! arranged! by! the! LEGO! Education! Department.! It! was! then! when! I! came! to! know! the! LEGO! Learning! Institute! (LLI),! a! team! formed!by!renowned!figures!in!the!field!of!media,!psychology!and!cognitive!development.1! Most!of!the!arguments!on!the!benefits!of!play!discussed!below!rely!on!the!works!of!the!LLI! crew! (David! Gauntlett,! Cecilia! Weckstrom,! Thomas! Wolbers,! Edith! Ackermann,! David! Whitebread! and! Mitchel! Resnick)! and! on! the! copyright! materials! that! The! LEGO! Group! (referred!to!as!TLG!in!what!follows)!has!published!to!spread!LLI’s!contributions!to!the!brand.! One! of! these! contributions! is! The$ Future$ of$ Play! (2010)! a! report! that! is! crucial! to! start! unveiling!the!nature!of!play;!because!as!LLI!explains,!it!is!“[…]!a!foundational!research!study! in! partnership! with! academic! experts! to! explore! the! benefits! of! play,! the! many! ways! of! playing! and! the! relevance! of! the! different! types! of! play! for! child! development! and! the! stimulation!of!adults.”2! ! Already! back! in! the! late! sixties! Susanna! Millar! argued! that! play! means! essentially! “throwing! off! constraint”,! as! for! her,! we! engage! with! new! context! whenever! we! play,! creating! new! frames! that! allows! for! greater! freedom! and! creative! possibilities.! As! she! explains,! we! can! either! respect! or! transgress! the! rules,! but! we! feel! free! to! move;!we! decouple!objects!from!their!context!of!origin!and!treat!our!own!experience!as!an!object!of! play!(1968:!21).!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1!Edith!Ackermann!is! the! Honorary! Professor! of! Developmental! Psychology! at! the! University! of! AixV Marseille,! and! Visiting! Scientist! at! the! MIT.! Prof.! David! Gauntlett! is! Professor! of! Media! and! Communications! at! the! University! of! Westminster,! London.! He! is! a! renowned! writer! as! well.! Cecilia! Weckström!is!Senior!Director!of!Consumer!Insights!and!Experience!&!Innovation!in!the!LEGO!Learning! Institute,!at!the!LEGO!Group.!Dr.!David!Whitebread!is!a!developmental!cognitive!psychologist!and!Senior! Lecturer!in!Psychology!of!Education!at!the!University!of!Cambridge.!!Dr.!Thomas!Wolbers!is!the!Senior! Lecturer! at! the! Centre! for! Cognitive! and! Neural! Systems! &! Centre! for! Cognitive! Ageing! and! Cognitive! Epiderniology!in!the!University!of!Edinburgh.! 2!LEGO!Learning!Institute.!Research!website:!http://learninginstitute.lego.com/enVus/research/! ! 3! Some! years! later,! in! Playing$ and$ Reality! (1971)! Donald! Woods! Winnicott3! claimed! that! play! is! linked! to! creativity! because! when! we! play! we! create! new! and! fresh! meanings.! According! to! the! author,! this! happens! because! in! play! we! do! not! have! to! aim! at! ‘literal! truth’.!So!we!are!free!to!invent!non>existent!entities!and!treat!them!as!existing,!just!for!the! purposes!of!the!play.!As!narrated!in!The$Future$of$Play,!in!his!book!The$Role$of$Play$in$Human$ Development!(2009)!Anthony!D.!Pellegrini4$holds!the!same!view!and!concludes!that!in!play! (again!as!opposed!to!‘in!working’)!individuals!feel!free!and!unfettered!from!the!instrumental! constraints!of!the!work!context!where!one!has!to!get!something!done.!In!play!we!can!try!out!
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