Little Room Left for Improvement the SELF-CONSUMPTION SMART INVERTER

THE MAGAZINE for Renewable Energies ISSN 1861-2741 74714 www.sunwindenergy.com € 12.00 • International issue

HEATING WITH PV Making good use of surpluses BLOCKCHAIN The new buzzword of the energy market 5/2016 TheTHE solar SOLAR edi EDITIONTion

MARKET OVERVIEW COLLECTORS Little room left for improvement THE SELF-CONSUMPTION SMART INVERTER

• ON-GRID, OFF-GRID, BACK-UP ALL IN ONE

• SMART STORAGE MANAGEMENT

• PLUG-&-PLAY INSTALLATION Smart Grid Inverter • LO C A L & R E M O T E Produce and Use Your Own Energy ! MONITORING

IMEON 3.6 IMEON 9.12 Up to 4kWp Monophase Up to 12kWp Triphase

All the Smart Grid in one inverter Find out more, or contact your IMEON Smart Grid inverter technology is the all-in-one answer for true multi-energy sources nearest IMEON distributor management. Consuming one’s own solar production directly, storing in batteries for later www.imeon-energy.com use or in case of power cuts, and also injecting to - or consuming from - the grid only when needed, is now all possible. Cutting-edge French research and innovation helped develop this IMEON ENERGY built-in intelligence and energy management to finally enable real control over one’s power. 10 Rue Amiral Romain Desfossés 29200 Brest - FRANCE +33 1 84 17 51 15 NRS [email protected]

IMEON Full Page ad_Sun&Wind-EN- 31-08-2016.indd 1 31/08/2016 09:25:16 EDITORIAL

IEA acknowledges the global change in energy systems

ooking back, this decade may be seen then there was a growth there of over a third, Dr. Volker Buddensiek as the pivotal point for the international which was compensated for by reduced Editor-in-chief energy sector. A system transition has system costs for wind and solar power. [email protected] beenL initiated and national decisions on The global investments in renewables in further investments in the building of new 2015 exceeded those in all other energy nuclear and coal-fired power plants may soon sources. According to the IEA, 70 % of all elec- turn out to be expensive misinvestments. tricity generation investments went towards I do not derive my optimism from techni- renewable energy, which is approx. two and a cal developments towards more powerful and half times as much as in new coal and gas- cheaper solar systems, nor from the rapid de- fired power plants. Not only that: the addi- velopment of storage systems large and small tional wind power and photovoltaics were – but from the “voting with their feet” which also higher than the growth in global electric- is taking place amongst investors in the ener- ity demand. gy sector right now. The International Energy Despite the joy over the necessary Agenca (IEA), which hardly has a reputation changes which are currently taking place, one for indulging in green daydreams, is taking on remark in the IEA study must not be over- a sort of Crown witness role here. In the looked. The authors vigorously demand that “World Energy Investment 2016 (WEI2016)” investment in key clean energy technologies study, in which all energy systems have been needs to be further ramped up to put the analysed together at a global scale for the first world economy on track for climate stabilisa- time, the IEA has summarised how high the tion. They also warn: “Investors need clarity investments in energy sources and technolo- and certainty from policy makers. Govern- gies have been. ments must not only maintain but heighten “We see a broad shift of spending toward their commitment to achieve energy security cleaner energy,” comments IEA Executive and climate goals.” Director Fatih Birol on the emerging system One further point should also not be over- switch in the energy sector. The switch is also looked. More money was invested in nuclear taking place remarkably fast. Although invest- power in 2015 than in any year over the last ments in global energy generation dropped by 20 years, mainly through activities in China. 8 % from approx. US$ 2.0 trillion in 2014 to The IEA also counts nuclear power as a clean approx. US$ 1.8 trillion in 2015, these figures source of energy – despite the CO2 emissions actually combine two opposing trends. The from uranium mining and the making and dis- drop in investments – accelerated by the low posal of the fuel rods, through which nuclear price of oil – occurred in the oil and gas power plants end up with a CO2 balance close sectors (minus 40 % for gas-fired power to those of modern gas-fired power plants. stations), while investments in renewable This shows that you cannot really expect such energy between 2011 and 2015 stayed largely a large and rapid shift of thinking from the IEA stable financially speaking at approx. after all. US$ 313 billion a year. Looking at volumes, however, on the basis of generation capacity,

Solar Edition 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS € . • International issue ISSN - www.sunwindenergy.com

for Renewable Energies THE MAGAZINE HEATING WITH PV Making good use of surpluses BLOCKCHAIN

The new buzzword of the energy market Market overview collectors: A slow process

The state-of-the-art of solar collectors is high, leaving little / ion TheTHE solar SOLAR edi EDITIONT room for improvement. A key field of innovation is the segment for large-area collectors for solar heating plants. In addition, some collector manufacturers are stepping up their efforts to limit idle temperature. Page 14

MARKET OVERVIEW COLLECTORS Little room left for

improvem ent Photo: iStock Photo:

REVIEW Santiago Sasha Photo: 5 Pictorial: “Go France for solar!” 6 Distributed databases: The new buzzword? Blockchain The new buzzword? Blockchain 8 Intersolar South America: “We were Blockchain, a concept originally conceived for bitcoin amazed at the interest shown” transactions, could be useful for different parts of the 10 Solar power in India: International energy market, simplifying energy trading or helping developers biding their time consumers run microgrids. 12 Intersolar North America: “Solar is for everybody” Page 6

SOLAR THERMAL 14 Market overview collectors: A slow process 22 Smart Home:

PV in Europe: France ups the PV tempo Wireless control for controllers Following a boom in the French PV market around the PHOTOVOLTAICS year 2011, business took a noticeable turn for the worse. 26 Heating with PV: But the dry spell appears to be over; for the second year Making good use of surpluses running, France has achieved steady expansion figures. 30 Mounting systems: Last year 895 MW of capacity was added. New solutions & simplified systems 34 Solar power storage: Page 38 “It’s all about positioning” 38 PV in Europe: France ups the PV tempo once again 42 Brexit: 5 things to watch about Brexit DEPARTMENT 44 International events 46 Directory 50 Preview and imprint Photo: Eole RES SA/Michel BOST SA/Michel RES Eole Photo:

4 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 PICTORIAL REVIEW PIC torial Go –France for solar!

In the French PV market, an upward trend is emerging. For the second year in a row, France has achieved steady expansion figures. Investors planning to enter the market should not spare the horses. Photo: Solarwatt

Solar Edition 5 REVIEW DISTRIBUTED DATABASES The new buzzword? Blockchain time, so the system is completely transparent. These features make the blockchain an appealing new way of storing and transferring data, which does not depend on a central authority or storage location, but enables all nodes of the network to work simul taneously and keep everything on record. How does it relate to energy?

A microgrid run by consumers in New York

The use of the blockchain in a solar microgrid is cur rently being tested in New York. Ten houses of a block in Brooklyn have formed a cooperative. Five of them have installed solar panels and can sell the electricity surplus to the others. Smart meters keep the record of how many electrons of energy are gen erated and used in each home. The data are record ed on a blockchain using the Ethereum software, so that at any time, all participants in the system can see how much energy has been produced and con sumed, where, when, which transactions have taken place and what was the price. The initiative is part of the TransActive Grid, a joint venture between LO3 Energy and bitcoin devel oper ConsenSys. It is a test of how the energy market could be run directly by consumers. “Many people buy green power, but they are not necessarily aware that the electrons they get still come from the nearer source of electricity, which is Lawrence Orsini, founder and Blockchain, a concept originally often a traditional power station running on fossil President of LO3 Energy, in fuels,” says Scott Kessler, Director of Operations at front of a rooftop PV system conceived for bitcoin transactions, LO3 Energy. “What they do in reality is providing in New York which is part of finance to remote generators for their production of the new Brooklyn Microgrid. could be useful for different parts renewables. Small producers have no way to partic LO3 Energy is one of the two of the energy market, simplifying ipate in this system. We wanted to create a local companies who developed the market, where people know what type of energy they first solar microgrid that uses energy trading or helping buy and where it comes from, and small generators Blockchain. can play a role too.” Photo: Sasha Santiago consumers run microgrids. The location for the test was carefully selected. “We identified an area that can remain isolated due lockchain is the new buzzword in tech world. to storms, and still need power. We also wanted a di Over the past three years, more than 2,500 versity of homes, multi-family buildings, small com patents have been filed and US$ 1.4 billion in mercial and industrial facilities to test the business Bventure capital investments have been made in this model. And we were looking for ‘conscious resi technology, according to a report published by the dents’ interested in such projects,” adds Kessler. World Economic Forum. The impacts, they antici At the moment, the opportunity to develop the pate, will be felt in a number of sectors, including system relies precisely on those “conscious resi finance, trade, healthcare and energy. dents.” One of the participants in the Brooklyn Conceived for the use of the bitcoin, the block microgrid is an expert in energy and environment. chain is a list of transactions stored on the computer Another comes from the unions and is particularly of all the parties involved. Secured by cryptography, interested in creating added value for the communi data is recorded in real-time and cannot be altered. ty, as the system allows, for example, to supply elec Everyone can make and read the exchanges at any tricity for free to people with financial difficulties.

6 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 The first transaction in this experiment was re context, we were looking for new mechanisms to corded in April. Plans are now to grow the pro understand the energy system in real time. From this gramme working with the New York State, which is perspective the blockchain can be a new way of promoting distributed energy resources through the exchanging data and linking market participants.” “Reforming the Energy Vision” strategy. Ponton is now testing a prototype for wholesale energy trading over the blockchain called EnerChain. A prototype for energy Through a trading screen it is possible to enter or trading in Hamburg ders, create an exchange and legally close the deal. No permissions or transaction fees are needed, so Not everyone, however, believes that the blockchain the broker and all intermediary roles are bound to revolution will come from the retail market. Accord disappear if this use of the technology takes off. ing to Michael Merz, Managing Director of Ponton, a Merz says that these developments are exciting software company in Hamburg, the technology is but still exploratory. He argues that it is now up to especially useful where a variety of exchanges the industry to understand how the technology require standardization, so in the energy sector it is works and find the best way to use it. “At present we more effective in wholesale trading. have a situation similar to the car industry 100 years He presented the case in the report “Potential of ago, where there were 500 garages crafting vehicles” the Blockchain Technology in Energy Trading.” A num he says. “There are countless start-ups in this busi ber of players have to exchange data as part of this ness and the adoption of the blockchain is being business – generators, transmission and distribution tested in different industries. This may continue for system operators, suppliers, consumers, traders, another couple of years, until clear applications and clearing houses, brokers, index agencies, standardi a general standard will emerge.” sation bodies and regulators. With more renewables With this in mind, Ponton created a specific in the system, they all face increasing volatility. On a think tank (http://enerchain.ponton.de). The pur Sunday in May, for instance, due to a production sur pose is to bring together various roles of an organi plus electricity in Germany reached a negative price, sation, understand what the blockchain means for with losses throughout the chain. “In energy trading, them and discover new processes that span across prices are sinking and transaction volumes are de the system. “After this phase, we will be able to creasing, so operators are shifting from a future mar develop pilot projects and implement new ket to a spot market,” says Merz. “Considering the standards,” he says. Claudia Delpero

The energy market needs new solutions. Visions turning into reality. What we need are innovative minds and networks. Let’s discuss together

Germany’s leading conference for the new energy economy neue-energiewelt.de 10 and 11 November 2016 in Berlin.

Find out more and register now REVIEW INTERSOLAR SOUTH AMERICA „We were amazed at the interest shown“ From August 23 to 25, 2016, the fourth Intersolar took place in São Paulo, the biggest city in Brazil. 180 international exhibitors from over 30 countries attended the biggest exhibition for the solar industry in South America. Compared to the year before, the number of visitors has increased from 9,000 to 11,500 and the exhibition area has been doubled.

t present, the Brazilian renewables sector business, attended the exhibition for the first time mainly employs people in bioenergy and and were excited about the possibilities offered by large hydropower activities, although jobs in the solar industry: “We have high expectations and theA wind sector are also growing thanks to increased we’re going to stay here all three days.” levels of deployment and local manufacturing. Solar More than 1,500 participants attended the PV is expected to be the field with the fastest expan accompanying conference – in 2015, the number of sion as local deployment increases and planned attendees was 800. As well as looking at the chal photovoltaic plant capacity grows to 3.3 GW by 2018. lenges of net metering, taxation, grid connection On top of the 60,000 to 90,000 jobs this could procedures, dissemination, and funding offered by create, local module production holds plenty of the national regulatory agency ANEEL, the confer potential as the focus shifts away from installation. ence also examined the highly promising distribut To draw a parallel, there were 100,000 solar jobs in ed solar PV segment as well as centralized genera Germany when the market hit 7 GW in 2012. tion, due to the successful national PV electricity auctions conducted by the Brazilian government A great potential for growth over the past 3 years. Camila Ramos, CELA Managing Director, orga So depending on developments in Brazil, solar ener nized a panel discussion at the conference focusing gy holds major potential for Brazilian employment in on financing PV and distributed generation plants. Both exhibition and the long term. So what is currently almost a minia “There are 1,400 companies with projected invest conference focused on the ture job market of just 4,000 people in Brazil could ments of R$140 billion [approximately € 38 billion or areas of photovoltaics, become a key part of the economy within decades, if US$ 43 billion]. The Brazilian solar market has the PV production technolo not years. Therefore, the job market in Brazil and the potential of 80 to 110 GW of solar installations until gies, energy storage anticipated expansion in solar PV in Brazil were 2040,” states Camila. Conference attendee Ivo systems and solar thermal among the key issues discussed at the jobs and Chavan, an electrical engineer in the field of automa technologies. career forum at Intersolar South America. tion processes for energy efficiency, comments: “ Photo: Solar Promotion “We were amazed at the interest shown,” says I made very important contacts for closing future International GmbH Daniel Strowitzki of FMMi, joint organizer together business deals. I attended all conference sessions, with business partners and colleagues. “The exhibi and it helped me a lot to boost my knowledge, espe tors were extremely pleased with the number of im cially regarding large-scale PV power plants.” portant visitors. We also got excellent feedback on The organizers are certain: The Brazilian solar running the event in parallel with ENIE, the special market will continue to cause excitement. In 2017, ist trade show for electrical installations.” Intersolar South America will run at the Expo Center Thiago Andrade and Bruno Girotto, who both Norte from August 22 to 24. work as integrators and recently launched their own Editorial Department

Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 Solar Edition REVIEW INDIA

International developers biding their time India is witnessing an all-out solar boom. Annual solar competition and bringing tariffs down, which has helped to create more demand for solar power from capacity addition is expected to jump to 6 GW this year as the distribution companies. On the policy front, two other actions stand out. against less than 1 GW just two years ago. There are an First, the Solar Parks Policy where the Government of estimated 15 GW of projects already allocated and in India is developing solar parks with a total capacity of 20,000 MW across India has been extremely suc- different stages of development. 2017 onwards, India cessful. These solar parks provide land, transmission and other civic infrastructure for developers to should join the exclusive top three solar countries club implement projects on “plug-and-play” basis. The alongside China and USA. developers no longer have to deal with complex, time consuming and costly bureaucratic processes for land acquisition or transmission approvals. he most encouraging aspect of India’s solar Second, the UDAY scheme for financial restructuring sector growth is that it is based on strong fun- of cash strapped distribution utilities has also had damental drivers – environmentally friendly, surprisingly positive results in a very short period of Tfalling cost and increasing power demand – rather time. This scheme proposes to transfer 75 % of the than time restricted government subsidies or feed-in utility debt to state governments and provides for tariffs. So it should, in all likelihood, last several 100 % funding of all ongoing losses as well as man- years and possibly decades to come. Power is a con- dating timely improvement in distribution infrastruc- current subject in the federal government structure, ture. 16 states have already signed UDAY agree- which means that it comes under the ambit of both ments and more than INR 100 billion (US$ 15 billion), central and state governments. While that usually about 25 % of total utility debt, has already been creates ambiguity and conflict, we have had remark transferred to the state governments. able alignment in the solar sector and that is again These developments have led to a burgeoning a pointer to the huge attractiveness of solar in the investment interest from Indian and international country. developers in the sector. The international develop- The Indian government has done many things ers are primarily attracted by the prospect of a grow- right. It has created a strong vision for the sector and ing and open market. Notable players include created a sense of urgency. By going down the auc- Fortum, Softbank, Engie, EdF, SkyPower, First Solar, tion route, it has also succeeded in creating lots of FRV, IBC Solar, Sembcorp and CLP.

10 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 are therefore more aggressive with their bids. In other words, the international developers have a low-risk, low-return philosophy but their Indian counterparts usually have an opposite approach. Based on our discussions with several leading international developers, we find that they are indeed daunted by the challenge of project execution and operation in India. Most of them have already won one or more projects and their primary focus is to execute these projects. They are keen to learn from their initial experiences and want to ramp up gradually. They are also much more selective in their bidding with a clear preference for solar park based projects tendered by central government enti- ties such as National Thermal Power Corporation Vinay has been working as (NTPC) and Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI). Managing Director at BRIDGE To conclude, Indian developers are leading the TO INDIA Energy Private project development race for now driven primarily by Limited since August 2013. He their higher risk appetite and willingness to take on advises companies, institu- challenges such as land acquisition, permits and tions and policy makers on a debt financing. vast range of strategic, policy, How could the current scenario change? We be- financial and business devel- lieve that at least some Indian developers will find it opment challenges in the challenging to sustain their growth because risk ad- Indian solar market. justed returns are barely sufficient and access to Prior to this, he worked at capital remains tight. As the sector grows, transmis- Standard Chartered Bank as sion and offtake risks are likely to escalate and there Senior Director, Project will be inevitable pain for developers with a short- Finance, South Asia and fi- term focus. Furthermore, with growing penetration of nanced a number of wind and renewables, developer focus will move from plain solar projects in India. Other execution to creating differentiation through superi- previous job stints include Interestingly though, we find that the interna- or technology such as trackers, robotic cleaning, working at National Australia tional developers, despite more solar experience storage integration and better design. Developers Bank and Sumitomo Mitsui and better access to technology and financial capi- with a better understanding and experience of these Banking Corporation where he tal in comparison to Indian developers, have been technologies will have an advantage. was responsible for debt somewhat reserved with their appetite. There are Overall, the growth prospects for Indian solar financing of big-ticket infra- currently five Indian developers with a commis- sector are very bright providing an immense oppor- structure and energy projects. sioned plus pipeline capacity of over 1,000 MW. In tunity to all investors and project developers. De- Vinay holds an MBA degree contrast, the biggest international developer so far spite their conservative approach, we expect inter- from London Business School is Engie (Solaire Direct) with total capacity of less national developers particularly large energy players and IIM Ahmedabad in addi- than 400 MW. Giants such as Sembcorp and CLP, with more patient capital to play a growing role in tion to BE Mechanical from who have been in India for many years with a sub- the Indian solar sector. Vinay Rustagi Delhi College of Engineering. stantial presence in the wind sector, have barely shown any interest in the solar sector so far. We believe that there are multiple reasons for 2,500 Commissioned Pipeline such cautious response from the international players and the Indian government would do well to take note 2,000 Top 5 Indian developers of these. Doing business in India remains difficult on a day-to-day basis. For projects not located in solar 1,500 parks, land acquisition is very tedious and costly. Offtaker creditworthiness and poor health of some of the distribution utilities still remains a big concern 1,000

and it may be another year before we see tangible Capacity MW Top 5 international developers improvement on the ground. There are many wind 500 projects facing significant grid curtailment and/or payments delays. The extremely competitive nature of 0 solar auctions has also put off some international developers, who typically like to tie-up their equipment Acme Adani Renew Fortum Welspun and EPC costs at the time of submitting bids. On the Softbank FirstSolar Skypower SunEdison other hand, the Indian developers are less risk averse Solardirect and keep their procurement options open for as long Top 5 of the Indian and the international developers active in India as possible in order to benefit from falling prices and Source: BRIDGE TO INDIA

Solar Edition 11 REVIEW INTERSOLAR NORTH AMERICA “Solar is for everybody”

would grow six times faster than other industries. It would be a historic step to further implement decar bonization and the decoupling of economic growth and energy consumption of fossil fuels. As the num ber six of GDP globally, California could lead the way for the U.S. and other countries, León stressed. This would also enhance quality of life and health care of the middle class and lower income groups. “We have to provide as many people as possible access to clean renewable energies,” the democratic senator said. Next step would be the coupling with electric mobility and clean transportation. As “a big step for ward”, he described the engagement of Southern California Edison. The utility announced to install 30,000 electric charging stations within the next years. Presently in Los Angeles around 1,200 charg ing stations for electric vehicles are installed. “But there are still battles to be fought and we need more lobby work for solar and decarbonization,” León stressed. Although he is optimistic, that the 50 % goal for the renewable power mix in California will be reached already before the year 2030. “We need a better coordination of energy poli cies in the U.S. and a market design, that prevents Bernadette Del Chiaro, Executive Director of CALSEIA pointed out that already now the parallel creation of overcapacities in the conven more than 50 % of new residential solar capacity in California would be installed in tional energy sector,” Gregory M. Wilson, Director of middle class and lower income homes. Photo: Solar Promotion International the National Center for Photovoltaics at the National Renewable Laboratory (NREL) told S&WE. Similar comments were made by Lynn Jurich, CEO of Sunrun Despite a predicted record growth of 16 GW photovoltaics at her opening speech. in the U.S. in 2016, the opening ceremony of Intersolar Tremendous variance between North America in San Francisco was pretty much shaped min. and max. capex levels by politics. The focus was the democratization of the 9th Intersolar North America provided some key in sights about the further U.S. solar market growth, energy transition, job creation through decarbonization cost structure and reduction and financial innova tions. The prospects are sunny: IHS forecasts 74 GW and a policy design for smart markets. of new PV installations from 2016 to 2020. A key factor for the booming market are the de olar is for everybody,” Bernadette Del Chiaro, creasing PV-systems costs. Over the last year prices Executive Director of California Solar Energy fell by 12 %, over the last ten years by 72 %. None Industries Association (CALSEIA) said. Al theless solar installation system costs still show readyS now over 50 % of new residential solar capaci tremendous variance between minimum and maxi ty in California would be installed in middle class mal capital expenditure levels, as numbers revealed and lower income homes, she stressed. Utilities that were presented at a IHS networking reception in should cooperate and not block the further expan San Francisco. They were borne out by real, sion of residential solar, del Chiaro underlined, re aggregated data accessed through a collaboration ferring to problems with the disruption of several with Mercatus, the California-based energy in net-metering programs. This would also undermine vestment platform, as Ash Sharma, Senior Director further job creation of the solar sector. IHS Technology explained. “Climate protection, cleantech and solar secure In the 0-1 MW range, the average capex for roof our economy,” Kevin de León, President pro tempore top installations planned in 2015 was 2.96 US$/W, of the California Senate and winner of the 2016 with the lowest capex coming in at 1.79 US$/W. For Intersolar Champion of Change Award, underlined. ground mounted installations, the average capex Already now jobs in the cleantech sector in California was 2.29 US$/W, 23 & below that of rooftop

12 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 systems. In the 1-10 MW range, the average capex weak security for project underwriting and therefore for rooftops was 2.17 US$/W, with a minimum capex limits the use of PACE. Jurisdictions with whom the at 1.80 US$/W. For ground mounted installations in Solar Foundation is collaborating to extend PACE this segment, the average anticipated capex was financing to civic organizations include Cincinnati, surprisingly higher than the rooftop capex of Austin and Washington D.C., Luecke reported. 2.34 US$/W. “Such discrepancy is mainly the result “The goal of the Solar Energy Finance Associa of a few projects projecting capex as high as tion (SEFA) is to advance the availability of public 5.12U S$/W, exemplifying use by some asset capital and expand the financing options for the managers of what we would consider unrealistic solar energy industry,” President Mary Rottman and high cost expectations for pipeline planning,” explained S&WE at a meeting at Intersolar North Josefin Berg, IHS Technology Senior Analyst Solar America. SEFA relies on involvement of stakeholders Power said. in the solar industry, banking, government and the The lowest cap can be found in the segment capital markets to promote their common interests larger than 10 MW, where the average capex for and to improve financing conditions and availability ground-mount projects was 2.06 US$/W, and the of financing options for solar energy. “There is a tre minimum was as low as 1.19 US$/W. This is in line mendous interest in investing in solar, but investors with international benchmarks of the lowest-cost are looking for bigger volume and more securities,” projects in Chile and the Middle East. “Declining Rottmann said. Therefore, SEFA would bring together systems costs are principally driven by lower hard investors and solar companies to collaborate more ware costs and increased installation efficiency,” intensely on using bonds and securities. “A big step Berg says. Important factors for wide regional capex forward were the standard contracts for loans or variability are permitting, grid-connection and land. leasing for PV systems, that we could get off the Operations and maintenance (O&M) costs for ground,” Rottmann reported. ground-mount projects also showed immense dis parity on a per-project basis according to IHS. The A growing trend for self- lowest price expected for ground-mount projects consumption and energy storage planned in 2015 was 5.400 US$/MW per year, while the highest price was 45.000 US$/MW yearly. A general challenge is to minimize the risk for solar “These differences were mainly related to the wide investments over a longer period of time. “In mar range of services that could be included in an O&M kets like Germany the feed-in-tariffs took the risk contract, ranging from low-end reactive mainte away, in the U.S. where we don’t have FITs, the situ nance service plans to higher-end preventative and ation is much more complex,” Rottmann said. Net- condition-based solutions,” Berg said. Metering programs are expected to fade out within For 2016, IHS forecasts a 15 GW growth of the the next years and have been already stopped by the U.S. solar market, stimulated by the extension of the utilities in some states. Though she considers the federal investment tax credit (ITC). In total, IHS pro growing trend for self-consumption and energy jects 74 GW of new PV installations until 2020, of storage as an additional security for investors and which 44 GW will be utility-scale and the remainder lenders. “This reduces the dependency of the PV coming from smaller residential and commercial system operators from the utility payments and installations. therefore minimizes the financial risk of changes in the net-metering scheme,” she stressed. Further reduce red tape Luecke also emphasized on energy storage as a promising source of solar job growth in the United An initiative to bring installation costs in particular States. A recent study of the Solar Foundation esti of rooftop installations further down is SolSmart. mates that the combined use of solar and storage Funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) technologies could lead to at least 27,000 new jobs SunShot Initiative, the program primarily addresses by 2021. solar soft costs or business process and administra “The overwhelmingly positive atmosphere at tive costs. The Solar Foundation serves as the Tech Intersolar and ees North America 2016 reflected nical Assistance provider for up to 300 communities the strong sense of collaboration and community in the U.S. “We see already a lot of positive steps of that unites these growing industries,” Florian communities to become more solar friendly and Wessendorf, Managing Director of Solar Promotion bring red tape costs down,” as Andrea Luecke, International summarized. “With more than 18,000 President and Executive Director of the Solar visitors from over 80 countries and more than Foundation underlined at PV Executive Panel. 550 exhibitors, the co-located events were a great Several initiatives are trying to further improve fi success. ees added significantly to the event’s ex nancing for solar in the United States. The Solar hibitor base, with 41 % growth over the previous Foundation is also involved in DOE’s CivicPACE year. Spirits were high throughout the exhibition Program. Its goal is to bring property assessed clean floor and in the conference program, which featured energy (PACE) financing to tax-exempt organizations, more than 260 speakers during 39 sessions and such as nonprofits, affordable housing, faith based 22 workshops.” institutions and schools. Their tax exemption creates Hans-Christoph Neidlein

Solar Edition 13 SOLAR THERMAL MARKET OVERVIEW COLLECTORS

A slow process

Custom-made products are a The state-of-the-art of solar collectors is high, leaving little room for speciality of Augusta-Solar. For a Toyota dealership in improvement. A key field of innovation is the segment for large-area Salzburg, the company built trapezoidal collectors to cover collectors for solar heating plants. In addition, some collector the curved roof perfectly. manufacturers are stepping up their efforts to limit idle temperature. Photo: Augusta-Solar

he stagnation of the market has resulted in a Sunex from Poland has introduced a number of noticeable stagnation of development. It is a new flat-plate collectors with anti-reflective solar slow news year for the collector industry. But glass. The new design and the changes in the con- Tthere are a few exceptions; CMG Solari of Italy has struction of the collector are aimed at improving its launched its new Excel flat-plate collector series. The durability. series comprises three models, the 2 m² Excel 2000 The German heating manufacturer Vaillant added is for vertical installation. The 2.5 m² Excel 2500 is two new collector models to its product range in available in two versions for horizontal or vertical in- 2016. The Aurotherm classic VFK 135 VD and the VFK stallation. CMG Solari has improved thermal perfor- 140 VD models were specially designed for drainback mance over its previous EVO model. The rear insula- solar-thermal systems. Although it did not introduce tion is now mineral wool. The glass wool that it pre- any new collectors, Austrian company Gasokol made viously used lost more heat due to higher thermal some design changes to existing models. A selection Booth No.: 10.3.H4041 conductivity. The company has also made the rear of flat-plate collectors currently available on the mar- Beijing Sunda Solar Energy Technology Co., Ltd. wall insulation thicker. ket can be found in Table 2 on page 18. Tel:+86-10-57930205/57930251 Fax:+86-10-57930220 www.sundasolar.com [email protected]

14 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 Flat-plate collectors: more area please The Finnish collector manufacturer Savosolar introduced the outsized Savo 15 DG large-area collector this year, which has a gross surface area of 15.89 m². The new collector contains integrated connection pipes and can therefore be installed at a distance of just 40 mm from the next collector. That optimises the use of space and is visually appealing. But what is special about this collector is its absorber. Large- area collectors made by other manufacturers consist of a number of small absorbers in the same dimensions as those in normal, small flat-plate collectors. The reason for this is that the coating equipment used for vapour deposition of the selective layer can only coat plates with a maximum width of 1.25 m (see S&WE 4/2016, page 38). However, Savosolar does its own coating and has developed a process which enables absorber structures with a width of K5 Giga and K5 Giga + models. The K5 Giga + features The space between the Savo up to 3 m and a length of up to 6 m. The Savo 15 DG an internal film that limits heat loss through the front 15 DG large-area collectors is therefore contains a single absorber made up of of the collector. Now KBB has launched the next so small that it is hard to tell profiles which, unlike those in other flat-plate ab- generation of this series, with better performance where one collector ends and sorbers, allow fluid to come in contact with nearly values. The company’s designers have also opti- the next begins. the entire surface area. That has an effect on the mised the design of the frame. The K5 Giga + also Photo: Savosolar characteristics of the collector. It has an unprece- has a a1 heat loss coefficient under 3.0. dented optical efficiency of 86 %, and a very low 1a Solvis from Germany also has large-area collec- heat-loss coefficient of just 1.8. Very few flat-plate tors in its product range. It is currently developing a collectors achieve values under 3.0. One of those double-glazed model. However, many companies that do is the double-glazed large-area collector assess market opportunities for large-scale systems from Greenonetec not listed in the table and the ' for district heating or process heat as moderate. That HC-1A, a collector made by Israeli company Tigi is not surprising, considering that only in Denmark equipped with transparent thermal insulation. have such large-scale systems for district heating Such large-area collectors are particularly attrac- production been built on a grand scale. Other coun- tive for ground-mounted solar heating plants. tries, such as Germany, Sweden and Austria may fol- Manufacturers such as Austria’s Arcon-Sunmark and low suit in the coming years but compared with the Ökotech have been manufacturing models especial- market for small systems for single-family or semi- ly for this purpose for years. Last year, the German detached houses, the market for large-scale systems manufacturer KBB Kollektorbau introduced its is very small.

Booth No.: 10.3.H4041 Beijing Sunda Solar Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Tel:+86-10-57930205/57930251 Fax:+86-10-57930220 www.sundasolar.com [email protected]

Solar Edition SOLAR THERMAL MARKET OVERVIEW COLLECTORS

Overview vacuum-tube collectors

Manufacturer Type designation Year of Kind of tubes Gross Length Width Weight Absorber Heat conduction Material Number Kind of glass 3 Tube diameter Connections to solar Sealing Test η0 a1 (Aperture) Stagnation Annual collector Warranty Net list launch area [m2] [mm] [mm] [kg] layer /absorber sheet 1 reflector 2 of tubes [mm]3 circuit material standard (aperture) [W/m²K] temperature [°C] output [kWh/a]4 [years] price [€] Akotec, Germany OEM Vario 3000-30 hp 2014 single glass, heat 4.88 2,170 2,250 72 PVD copper - 30 soda lime AR 56 plug-in EPDM EN 12975 0.700 2.220 100 n/a 20 n/a pipe Altawfeer, Syria ALTHC16 2016 water in glass 2.82 2,000 1,410 55 Al-N/Al - - 16 borosilicate 58 plug-in silicone EN 12975 0.561 -0.228 200 2,800 5 168 Augusta Solar, Germany AS 100 DF 6 2002 single glass 1.51 2,097 721 36 Al-N/Al aluminium - 6 borosilicate 102 compression fittings EPDM EN 12975 0.750 1.420 271 797 10 878 Buderus, Germany 5 Logasol SKR10 CPC 2016 double glass, 1.22 1,947 624 18 PVD aluminium n/a 6 borosilicate 47 compression fittings EPDM EN 12975 0.663 0.780 260 n/a 5 631 u-type with CPC Calpak, Greece VTS-16 2015 double glass, 2.86 1,600 1,887 45.5 PVD copper aluminium 7 16 borosilicate AR 47 compression fittings n/a EN 12975 0.508 0.844 278 1,346 5 n/a u-type with CPC Consolar, Germany Tubo 12 CL 2006 double glass, 1.18 1,885 625 16 SS-Al-N/Cu aluminium aluminium 7 6 borosilicate 47 compression fittings metal EN 12975 0.620 0.390 250 n/a 10 n/a u-type with CPC Eurosun, Germany Germanstar HP 70/16 2015 single glass, heat 3.12 2,285 1,215 67 PVD copper - 16 borosilicate 70 compression fittings metal EN 12975 0.802 1.500 238 1,561 5 1,701 pipe FK Solartechnik, Germany Solinas 3 2007 double glass, 2.34 1,964 1,190 48 SS-Al-N/Cu aluminium - 15 borosilicate 57 compression fittings metal EN 12975 0.650 1.480 227 1,005 10 655 heat pipe Greenonetec, Austria VK4200 2003 double glass, 1.84 1,120 1,647 31 PVD aluminium aluminium 10 borosilicate 47 flat seal fitting aramid EN 12975 0.630 0.650 286 n/a 5 n/a u-type with CPC Kingspan, UK Thermomax HP400 2012 single glass, heat 2.77 1,962 1,418 53 PVD copper - 20 soda lime 65 plug-in EPDM EN 12975 0.750 1.180 167 1,479 5 8 n/a pipe Orange Energy, Germany Sunpur 10HP / Sun5HP 2008 single glass, heat 1.73 2,140 790 25 PVD copper - 10 borosilicate AR 56 plug-in EPDM EN 12975 0.720 0.670 160 655 10 797 pipe Oventrop, Germany OKP10 2008 double glass, 1.70 1,995 852 n/a Al-N/Al n/a - 10 borosilicate 58 compression fittings metal EN 12975 0.650 2.440 210 n/a n/a n/a heat pipe Paradigma, Germany Aqua Plasma 19/50 2012 double glass, 5.01 2,058 2,433 73 PVD aluminium aluminium 21 borosilicate AR 47 compression fittings metal EN 12975 0.680 0.610 338 3,340 10 2,161 u-type with CPC Projprzem Eko, Poland PE20-58.16 2016 double glass, 3.08 1,960 1,570 65 PVD aluminium - 20 borosilicate 58 compression fittings brass EN 12975 0.815 1.995 190 6 n/a 3 499 heat pipe Soltark UG, Germany ST 30 2009 double glass, n/a n/a n/a n/a SS-Al-N/Cu aluminium - n/a borosilicate n/a compression fittings metal EN 12975 0.590 1.980 197 n/a 12 n/a heat pipe Sunda, Germany Seido 516 1993 single glass, heat 4.33 2,232 1,940 94 PVD aluminium - 16 borosilicate 100 compression fittings metal EN 12975 0.670 1.950 221 n/a 10 2,193 pipe Sunex, Poland HP 22 2016 double glass, 3.61 1,990 1,815 82 PVD copper - 22 borosilicate 58 clamping brass EN 12975 0.582 1.670 215 1,431 5 n/a heat pipe Westech, Germany Sunworker-Extreme 2015 double glass, 4.48 1,944 2,304 94 PVD aluminium - 30 borosilicate 58 compression fittings metal EN 12975 0.760 1.040 219 2,153 10 n/a 30 heat pipe

Table 1: The table shows a selection of vacuum tube collectors. Source: company data

Vacuum tube collectors: or forced systems. It is suitable for pressurized or improved efficiency non-pressurized systems. The collector is made of stainless steel and insulated with high-quality poly- As with the flat-plate collectors, innovation has also urethane. Several can be connected in series, and been slow in vacuum tube collectors (see Table 1). the mounting system is suitable for any type of roof, Buderus, a brand of the German company Bosch from 0 to 90 degrees. The collector is widely used in Thermotechnik, has introduced vacuum tube models solar-thermal projects such as domestic and com- with the collector mounted on top. Solvis has its mercial buildings, swimming pool heating, under- Luna 304 in the starting blocks. The company says ground heating systems and industrial applications. that key improvements to the new model over its Polish company Projprzem Eko has added the predecessor are significantly better performance PE20-58.16 to its product range. The collector fea- and reduction of pressure loss and weight. In order tures double-glazed vacuum tubes. Heat is trans- to extend the range of applications for its heatpipes, ferred from the absorber coating on the inner glass Germany’s Eurosolar has expanded the range of pos- tube to the collector via a heat pipe. The vacuum sible inclination angles. Whereas installation angles tubes come from China but everything else, from were previously restricted to the 25 to 90 degree the heat pipes to the manifolds and seals, is pro- range, now the units can be installed in a range duced in Poland. The wall thickness of the heat- extending from 5 to 90 degrees. pipes, which are made of pure deoxidised copper, Altawfeer from Syria has introduced a new direct- are 30 to 100 % thicker than their Chinese counter- flow vacuum tube collector this year. The 16-tube col- parts, according to the company. The heat-exchange lector can be used in either thermosiphon systems area of the heat pipe in the collector tube is also

16 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 Manufacturer Type designation Year of Kind of tubes Gross Length Width Weight Absorber Heat conduction Material Number Kind of glass 3 Tube diameter Connections to solar Sealing Test η0 a1 (Aperture) Stagnation Annual collector Warranty Net list launch area [m2] [mm] [mm] [kg] layer /absorber sheet 1 reflector 2 of tubes [mm]3 circuit material standard (aperture) [W/m²K] temperature [°C] output [kWh/a]4 [years] price [€] Akotec, Germany OEM Vario 3000-30 hp 2014 single glass, heat 4.88 2,170 2,250 72 PVD copper - 30 soda lime AR 56 plug-in EPDM EN 12975 0.700 2.220 100 n/a 20 n/a pipe Altawfeer, Syria ALTHC16 2016 water in glass 2.82 2,000 1,410 55 Al-N/Al - - 16 borosilicate 58 plug-in silicone EN 12975 0.561 -0.228 200 2,800 5 168 Augusta Solar, Germany AS 100 DF 6 2002 single glass 1.51 2,097 721 36 Al-N/Al aluminium - 6 borosilicate 102 compression fittings EPDM EN 12975 0.750 1.420 271 797 10 878 Buderus, Germany 5 Logasol SKR10 CPC 2016 double glass, 1.22 1,947 624 18 PVD aluminium n/a 6 borosilicate 47 compression fittings EPDM EN 12975 0.663 0.780 260 n/a 5 631 u-type with CPC Calpak, Greece VTS-16 2015 double glass, 2.86 1,600 1,887 45.5 PVD copper aluminium 7 16 borosilicate AR 47 compression fittings n/a EN 12975 0.508 0.844 278 1,346 5 n/a u-type with CPC Consolar, Germany Tubo 12 CL 2006 double glass, 1.18 1,885 625 16 SS-Al-N/Cu aluminium aluminium 7 6 borosilicate 47 compression fittings metal EN 12975 0.620 0.390 250 n/a 10 n/a u-type with CPC Eurosun, Germany Germanstar HP 70/16 2015 single glass, heat 3.12 2,285 1,215 67 PVD copper - 16 borosilicate 70 compression fittings metal EN 12975 0.802 1.500 238 1,561 5 1,701 pipe FK Solartechnik, Germany Solinas 3 2007 double glass, 2.34 1,964 1,190 48 SS-Al-N/Cu aluminium - 15 borosilicate 57 compression fittings metal EN 12975 0.650 1.480 227 1,005 10 655 heat pipe Greenonetec, Austria VK4200 2003 double glass, 1.84 1,120 1,647 31 PVD aluminium aluminium 10 borosilicate 47 flat seal fitting aramid EN 12975 0.630 0.650 286 n/a 5 n/a u-type with CPC Kingspan, UK Thermomax HP400 2012 single glass, heat 2.77 1,962 1,418 53 PVD copper - 20 soda lime 65 plug-in EPDM EN 12975 0.750 1.180 167 1,479 5 8 n/a pipe Orange Energy, Germany Sunpur 10HP / Sun5HP 2008 single glass, heat 1.73 2,140 790 25 PVD copper - 10 borosilicate AR 56 plug-in EPDM EN 12975 0.720 0.670 160 655 10 797 pipe Oventrop, Germany OKP10 2008 double glass, 1.70 1,995 852 n/a Al-N/Al n/a - 10 borosilicate 58 compression fittings metal EN 12975 0.650 2.440 210 n/a n/a n/a heat pipe Paradigma, Germany Aqua Plasma 19/50 2012 double glass, 5.01 2,058 2,433 73 PVD aluminium aluminium 21 borosilicate AR 47 compression fittings metal EN 12975 0.680 0.610 338 3,340 10 2,161 u-type with CPC Projprzem Eko, Poland PE20-58.16 2016 double glass, 3.08 1,960 1,570 65 PVD aluminium - 20 borosilicate 58 compression fittings brass EN 12975 0.815 1.995 190 6 n/a 3 499 heat pipe Soltark UG, Germany ST 30 2009 double glass, n/a n/a n/a n/a SS-Al-N/Cu aluminium - n/a borosilicate n/a compression fittings metal EN 12975 0.590 1.980 197 n/a 12 n/a heat pipe Sunda, Germany Seido 516 1993 single glass, heat 4.33 2,232 1,940 94 PVD aluminium - 16 borosilicate 100 compression fittings metal EN 12975 0.670 1.950 221 n/a 10 2,193 pipe Sunex, Poland HP 22 2016 double glass, 3.61 1,990 1,815 82 PVD copper - 22 borosilicate 58 clamping brass EN 12975 0.582 1.670 215 1,431 5 n/a heat pipe Westech, Germany Sunworker-Extreme 2015 double glass, 4.48 1,944 2,304 94 PVD aluminium - 30 borosilicate 58 compression fittings metal EN 12975 0.760 1.040 219 2,153 10 n/a 30 heat pipe Footnotes: 1 thermal conduction sheet only for double glass tubes and absorber sheet only for single glass tubes; 2 reflector material only for double glass tubes and absorber tube connection only for single glass tubes; 3 for outer tube of double glass tubes; 4 according to Solar Keymark for the location Würzburg with an average temperature of 50 °C; 5 brand of Bosch Thermotechnik; 6 with overheating protector; 7 reflector with PVD-coating; 8 20 years when installed by a Kingspan Accredited Installer Abbreviations: AlN/Al = 1-Target-Coating of aluminiumnitride; SS-AlN/Cu = 3-Target-coating; PVD = selective coating made by Physical Vapour Deposition; AR = anti-reflective coating

- Ecological Solar Solutions -

15 years concentration OFFICE APPLY on solar thermal applications for home, office and public buildings. “Start your solar life with us !”

PUBLIC BUILDING APPLY

HOME APPLY

www.Solarlin uEditiono-ritter-international.com [email protected] TEL:+86 531 8872 9917 SOLAR THERMAL MARKET OVERVIEW COLLECTORS

Overview flat-plate collectors Manufacturer Collector name Year of Surface Length Width Weight Absorber Hydraulics Absorber- Insulation Insulation Glass type Glass Connections to Sealing Test η0 a1 (aperture) Stagnation Annual collector Warranty Net list launch [m2] [mm] [mm] [kg] sheet tube- material thickness thickness solar circuit material standard (aperture) [W/m²K] temperature [°C] output [kWh/a] 1 [years] price [€] connection [mm] [mm] Apricus Solar, China FPC-A26 2013 2.42 1,981 1,222 39 aluminium double harp ultrasonic melamine 40 solar 3.2 n/a HTV 011-7S2089F 0.76 3.742 n/a n/a 10 n/a foam silicone Cidersol, Spain Cidsol STD 2014 2.07 2,021 1,022 39 aluminium harp welding glass wool 45 solar 4 plug-in FKM EN 12976 0.81 3.519 211 n/a 10 n/a CitrinSolar, Germany CS 500 2011 2.57 1,170 2,200 41 aluminium meander with laser glass wool 60 textured solar 3.2 n/a n/a EN 12975 0.82 3.450 214 n/a 10 n/a

CMG Solari, Italy Excel 2500 2016 2.52 2,008 1,258 45 aluminium harp laser stone wool 40 solar 4 n/a n/a EN 12975 0.80 3.627 185 1,194 5 n/a Dimas, Greece Navi+ 2015 2.52 2,031 1,241 39 aluminium harp/ double laser stone wool 50 solar 4 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 8 n/a harp Ensol, Poland ES2V/2.65 Al-Cu 2015 2.65 2,356 1,120 49 aluminium meander with laser stone wool 40 solar 4 flat seal fitting / PU ISO 0.85 3.922 208 n/a 10 345 plug-in 9806:2013 Galmet, Poland KSG 21 Premium GT 2015 2.10 2,033 1,033 37 copper double harp ultrasonic mineral wool 45 textured AR 3.2 compression fittings brass EN 12975 0.83 3.800 201 774 10 307 Gasokol, Austria GigaSol ST-plus 2015 10.98 2,080 5,263 n/a copper harp ultrasonic stone wool 60 textured solar 3.2 n/a n/a EN 12975 0.73 3.650 n/a n/a 10 n/a Greenonetec, Austria FK 9250 2014 2.58 2,081 2,300 41 aluminium meander with laser stone wool 50 clear solar 3.2 plug-in EPDM EN 12975 0.81 3.670 196 n/a 10 n/a Hoval, Liechtenstein UltraSol 2013 2.52 1,215 2,050 39 aluminium meander with laser stone wool 20 clear AR 3.2 plug-in EPDM EN 12975 0.85 4.100 147 n/a 5 n/a Jay Renewable Energy, India JaySolar 1998 2.09 2,035 1,035 38 copper n/a ultrasonic stone wool 50 solar 4 flange joint EPDM IS12933 n/a n/a n/a 1,500 5 95 Junkers, Germany 2 FKT-2 2013 2.55 1,175 2,170 50 aluminium double ultrasonic stone wool 50 textured solar 3.2 compression fitting EPDM EN 12975 0.79 3.860 192 1,195 5 n/a meander KBB, Germany K623-MS4L 2015 2.54 1,152 2,205 38 aluminium meander with laser stone wool 30 clear solar 3.2 compression fitting metal EN 12975 0.79 3.770 199 1,172 10 n/a Kingspan, UK FPW18 2013 1.80 1,929 933 34 aluminium harp laser stone wool 50 solar 4 flat seal fitting Kingersil EN 12975 0.79 3.722 203 821 5 5 n/a C4430 Modulo Solar, Mexico MS-2.5 Blue 2016 2.50 2,100 1,220 46 aluminium n/a laser PU foam + 50 solar 4 plug-in silicone EN 12975 0.78 3.096 200 n/a 10 440 glass wool OEM Sines Industrie, Tunisia T250S 2014 2.51 1,992 1,265 43 n/a n/a clamping glass wool 40 solar 3.2 conic screw fittings n/a EN 12975 n/a 3.683 147 822 10 n/a Ratiotherm, Germany RA 251-4 2008 2.51 1,070 2,340 46 aluminium harp laser stone wool 40 textured solar 4 n/a n/a EN 12975 0.78 4.140 216 n/a 5 n/a

Reinhard Solartechnik, RST Sol 4 Niox 1999 2.21 1,170 1,890 39 aluminium- harp crimping glass wool 60 textured solar 4 plug-in metal EN 12975 0.82 4.340 202 874 10 669 Germany copper- compound Remeha, Netherlands 3 C250V / C250H 2014 2.51 1,140 2,180 42 aluminium meander with laser glass wool 40 textured solar 3.2 plug-in EPDM EN 12975 0.81 3.640 211 1,192 5 604

Rotex, Germany H26 2009 2.6 2,000 1,300 42 aluminium harp laser stone wool 50 textured solar 3.2 plug-in EPDM EN 12975 0.78 4.250 192 n/a 5 n/a

Roth, Germany Heliostar 252 S4 2010 2.52 1,200 2,100 37 aluminium harp laser stone wool 60 textured solar 3.2 plug-in EPDM EN 12975 0.77 3.650 210 n/a 10 n/a

Savosolar, Finland Savo 15 DG 2016 15.89 2,600 6,200 590 n/a harp n/a mineral wool 80 AR 4 n/a Glue EN 12975 0.86 1.837 n/a n/a n/a n/a Solmetall, Germany KS 23 - 13 2014 2.32 1,140 2,040 36 aluminium double glueing mineral wool 35 textured solar 3.2 compression fitting EPDM EN 12975 0.83 3.760 209 1,258 10 n/a meander Solvis, Germany Fera F 803 I AR 2015 8.40 1,480 5,677 154 aluminium double laser stone wool 50 textured AR 3.2 compression fitting EPDM EN 12975 0.84 3.320 209 4,422 10 3,023 meander STI, Germany Stico 2015 2.00 1,010 1,980 32 aluminium harp laser stone wool 35 textured solar 3.2 plug-in silicone EN 12975 0.78 5.140 152 630 2 399

Sunex, Poland AMP 2.0 2015 2.01 1,900 1,060 34 aluminium harp soldering mineral wool 50 AR 4 clamp couplings silicone EN 12975 0.79 4.690 210 744 5 or 10 n/a T.W.I., Czech Republic Sun Wing T4 Alu 1,9 2016 1.90 1,774 1,092 38 aluminium double harp ultrasonic wool 40 solar 3.2 flat seal fitting n/a EN 12975 0.82 3.560 201 989 5 n/a Tehnomont, Croatia SKT 100 2010 2.06 1,974 1,044 35 aluminium harp laser stone wool 50 solar 3.2 compression fitting brass EN 12975 0.80 3.900 199 n/a 10 402 Termicol, Spain T25US 2010 2.56 2,130 1,200 39 aluminium harp ultrasonic glass wool 40 solar 3.2 plug-in n/a n/a 0.79 3.490 165 1,348 10 675 ThüSolar, Germany Thüsol S, 2009 n/a n/a n/a 20 copper harp ultrasonic stone wool 40 textured solar 4 n/a n/a EN 12975 0.79 4.020 193 n/a 5 n/a individuell Tigi, Israel HC-1A 2016 2.09 2,027 1,030 61 aluminium harp laser stone wool 45 AR 4 plug-in n/a ISO 0.79 2.130 310 4 1,096 8 n/a 9806:2013 Tisun, Austria PFM-S 2.55 2014 2.55 1,182 2,162 42 aluminium meander with laser mineral wool 25 textured solar 4 plug-in n/a EN 12975 0.81 3.860 184 1,148 10 n/a

Vaillant, Germany Aurotherm plus 2012 2.51 2,030 1,230 38 aluminium meander with laser stone wool 40 clear AR 3.2 n/a n/a EN 12975 0.84 3.280 175 n/a 5 n/a VFK 155 H Viessmann, Germany Vitosol 200-F SH2C 2014 2.51 2,380 1,056 52 aluminium meander with laser melamine 15 clear solar 3.2 n/a n/a EN 12975 0.82 3.790 205 1,093 5 n/a foam Wagner Solar, Germany Euro L20 AR 2015 2.61 1,210 2,150 50 aluminium double harp laser mineral wool 60 textured AR 4 plug-in EPDM EN 12975 0.84 3.460 209 1,339 10 n/a

Wolf, Germany TopSon F3-1 2007 2.30 1,099 2,099 40 aluminium meander with laser stone wool 60 textured solar 3.2 flat seal fitting aramid EN 12975 0.80 3.230 194 1,090 5 755

Table 2: The table shows a selection of flat-plate collector models. Source: company data

18 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 Manufacturer Collector name Year of Surface Length Width Weight Absorber Hydraulics Absorber- Insulation Insulation Glass type Glass Connections to Sealing Test η0 a1 (aperture) Stagnation Annual collector Warranty Net list launch [m2] [mm] [mm] [kg] sheet tube- material thickness thickness solar circuit material standard (aperture) [W/m²K] temperature [°C] output [kWh/a] 1 [years] price [€] connection [mm] [mm] Apricus Solar, China FPC-A26 2013 2.42 1,981 1,222 39 aluminium double harp ultrasonic melamine 40 solar 3.2 n/a HTV 011-7S2089F 0.76 3.742 n/a n/a 10 n/a foam silicone Cidersol, Spain Cidsol STD 2014 2.07 2,021 1,022 39 aluminium harp welding glass wool 45 solar 4 plug-in FKM EN 12976 0.81 3.519 211 n/a 10 n/a CitrinSolar, Germany CS 500 2011 2.57 1,170 2,200 41 aluminium meander with laser glass wool 60 textured solar 3.2 n/a n/a EN 12975 0.82 3.450 214 n/a 10 n/a

Rotex, Germany H26 2009 2.6 2,000 1,300 42 aluminium harp laser stone wool 50 textured solar 3.2 plug-in EPDM EN 12975 0.78 4.250 192 n/a 5 n/a

Roth, Germany Heliostar 252 S4 2010 2.52 1,200 2,100 37 aluminium harp laser stone wool 60 textured solar 3.2 plug-in EPDM EN 12975 0.77 3.650 210 n/a 10 n/a

Wolf, Germany TopSon F3-1 2007 2.30 1,099 2,099 40 aluminium meander with laser stone wool 60 textured solar 3.2 flat seal fitting aramid EN 12975 0.80 3.230 194 1,090 5 755

Footnotes: 1 according to Solar Keymark for the location Würzburg with an average temperature of 50 °C; 2 brand of Bosch Thermotechnik; 3 brand of BDR Thermea; 4 150 °C with overheating prevention; 5 10 years when installed by a Kingspan Accredited Installer Abbreviations: meander with = meander with headers; laser = laser welding; ultrasonic = ultrasonic welding; PU= polyurethane; AR = anti-reflective coating

Solar Edition 19 SOLAR THERMAL MARKET OVERVIEW COLLECTORS

Overview of solar air collectors

Manufacturer Type Year of Surface Length [mm] Width [mm] Weight Absorber material Absorber coatings Colours of absorber Glazed or Glass type Recommended air Max. air designation launch (gross) [m2] [kg] unglazed (only glazed) flow [m3/hm2] temperature increase Δ T Solarbooster, Turkey Aero 2015 2.95 3,060 960 n/a galvanized steel or Solkote (selective paint) black or blue glazed solar 60 up to 80 30/40 aluminium or Sunstrip

Enerconcept, Canada Unitair Alu 2015 variable variable variable 5 (per m2) aluminium PVDF paint all colours unglazed - 100 23 OM Solar, Japan air collector 1987 n/a 1,000 or 2,000 900 16 or 32 steal black paint black glazed solar AR 90 40 PEN / Sun Best, India Flat Plate 1990 1.93 1,860 1,040 50 aluminium selective/ black paint black glazed solar 25 up to 40 75 collector Cona, Austria CCS+ 2014 2.05 2,025 1,014 50 aluminium paint black glazed solar 100 up to 400 n/a Sunsiaray, USA Air 1982 3.18 2,495 1,225 57 copper Tinox blue n/a n/a n/a n/a Airwasol, Germany TSTair-S 2016 1 up to 13 1,000 up to 6,500 500 up to 2,000 16 up to 218 VA Tinox blue + other tubes borosilicate AR 50 up to 650 n/a Matrix Energy, Canada DT 2008 1.91 3,060 600 50 steel black paint black unglazed - 430 20 Haining Oupairineng, China Air collector n/a 3.44 1,640 2,100 365 glass CU/SS-N /AL blue tubes solar 350 n/a

Solarfocus has now also switched its collector production from copper absorber plates to aluminium. Only a few manufacturers still use copper plates. Photo: Solarfocus

20 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 Manufacturer Type Year of Surface Length [mm] Width [mm] Weight Absorber material Absorber coatings Colours of absorber Glazed or Glass type Recommended air Max. air designation launch (gross) [m2] [kg] unglazed (only glazed) flow [m3/hm2] temperature increase Δ T Solarbooster, Turkey Aero 2015 2.95 3,060 960 n/a galvanized steel or Solkote (selective paint) black or blue glazed solar 60 up to 80 30/40 aluminium or Sunstrip

Table 3: The table shows a selection of solar air collectors. Source: company data

greater than in comparable Chinese products, says the manufacturer. Another new product from Pro- jprzem Eko is the Heat Protector MST-01. This new product is a cooler installed between two collectors. The MST-01 is manufactured from a composite material which releases practically no heat at all to its surroundings at temperatures from 20 to 100 °C. Only when the temperature in the collector rises to 140 to 160 °C does a significant cooling effect kick in, limiting the system to a stagnation temperature of 200 °C. Tigi and Viessmann have also introduced shutdown temperature limits in their flat-plate collectors.

Solar air collectors: with vacuum tubes or uncovered

Air can also be used as a heat transfer medium in vacuum tubes. The German company Airwasol has redesigned its TSTair collector without borrowing components from solar-thermal water collectors. Pressure loss was a key area of improvement in the new absorber tubes. The company manufactures three models of the TSTair solar air collector. The small TSTair-S is suitable for ventilating and dehumidifying holiday homes or basements. The medium-sized TSTair-M is for halls and larger buildings. And the big TSTair-L can deliver industrial process heat. But the application is not limited to processes that require hot air. The heat from an air- heat exchanger, which can reach temperatures of up to 120 °C, can be used for water processes. That is why Airwasol thinks its collector is well suited to generating district heating. Such systems are protected against stagnation and do not need expensive equipment to maintain pressure and ensure safety. Solar air collectors are not only available with vacuum tubes or in models designed like flat-plate collectors, but also in uncovered variants (see Table 3). Jens-Peter Meyer

Solar Edition SOLAR THERMAL SMART HOME

Wireless control for controllers

Technische Alternative is continuing to develop its solar and heating controllers into a complete smart home solution. Graphic: Technische Alternative

For Sale: Production Line for Solar Absorbers • Reasonably Priced! The heating system is already part of today’s smart home. Thanks to wireless communication, existing buildings can now also be made smart easily. Please direct enquiries to: E-Mail: [email protected] Phone: +43 4224 82 188 24 • Fax: +43 4224 82 188 25 ESC Energy Systems Company GmbH

22 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 he world is changing rapidly. Who would Oventrop has also gone for the EnOcean have thought just a short while ago that standard. The company supplies actuators with autonomous cars would already exist today? EnOcean wireless capability for radiator valves. If DigitalisationT is also challenging the heating and someone fits their radiators with these, then they solar sector, for the house of the future will be can control the temperature of each individual room smart. Manfred Hirschmann, Head of the solar and and thus save energy. Oventrop thermostat valves in heating controller manufacturer Prozeda, is pretty the AQ series can additionally perform an automatic matter-of-fact about this: “The heating system it hydraulic balancing. Once the necessary volume self must be viewed separately from smart home flows for each room have been set, the actuators systems.” All that is needed is to set up a connec- ensure an efficient room temperature control. The tion to the smart home system via the heating con- Oventrop actuators can also be used with room troller. The operator can then call up the current thermostats from other suppliers. The Wibutler can status of his system and set room thermostats, once again also be used as the central smart home define timeframes or activate a holiday mode. controller here too. However, the customer is just as The fittings manufacturer PAW has gone a step able to use other systems which utilise EnOcean, further with its MC heating circuit modules and such as the smart home system by Eltako. transfers the overall control to the Wibutler smart The future lies in open systems such as these. home system. “Once all system participants have “With closed systems it is very difficult to cover all been linked up to the network, the room tempera- aspects of a smart home. Wibutler provides an tures are controlled by the Wibutler,” says Jörg approach here in which components from different Vehmeier, Control Technology Specialist at PAW. The manufacturers can be connected up and used to- highest required flow temperature for the rooms is gether with just a single app,” explains Pfeil. A relayed to the relevant PAW heating circuits and the further advantage is that the end consumer can highest required flow temperature for all the heat- link up some units on their own. Certain compo- ing circuits is relayed to the heat generator by the nents remain the preserve of specialists, so that Wibutler. The PAW heating circuits in this network the traditional sales channels remain. independently regulate the heat to match the trans- mitted set flow temperature and additionally carry out a dynamic hydraulic balancing from the heat generator to the distributors. “One of the biggest problems with these complex heating circuit modules is having electrical connections for all sensors and actuators that can be managed by the installer,” says Vehmeier: “For this reason, every MC heating circuit has an integrated mini-controller to which only the sensors and actuators for that heating circuit are connected up. This is a really simple way of avoiding right from the start any connection errors by mixing up assigned heating circuit connection points.”

The heating system must run independently

Opinions differ on the question of how far a smart home system should reach into the heating system. “Every component, for example the controller, must continue to work autonomously, so that any internet connection loss does not impair the system,” says Marcel Pfeil, Member of the Board at Resol. “The challenge thus lies in enabling the various smart home components to interact as well as possible, while still leaving the ultimate authority over the system to the user.” Resol has brought out a VBus/EnOcean adapter this year. Heating and solar controllers from Resol USE EXCESS ENERGY! can thus communicate with the EnOcean world, to With the FlowSol® E electrothermal station which the Wibutler also belongs. Sensors and – new in our product portfolio! actuators which can be controlled using this wireless standard can thus be integrated into the www.resol.com heating controls.

Solar Edition 23 SOLAR THERMAL SMART HOME

“Of particular interest is the still very unpredict- performance, data volumes, range and energy able market for ‘truly open’ systems: the open harvesting,” says Schneider. Technische Alterna- source field,” says Jörg Vehmeier from PAW. “Here, tive does not use any of the above-mentioned mini PCs such as the Raspberry Pi and similarly in- wireless protocols, but has developed its own expensive platforms are equipped with the relevant standard, which is being continuously further de- network dongles and can thus link up extremely dif- veloped as required. The company uses the normal ferent bus systems from across all media and frequency of 868 MHz. “I am worried by the fact trades.” Vehmeier mentions OpenHAB/Eclipse that the LTE mobile standard can meanwhile cause SmartHome as an example of an already accepted quite a lot of interference,” says Schneider. open platform on the market. This has brought together both prominent suppliers such as Deutsche Each standard has its own Telekom and proven systems such as KNX, EnOcean, advantages HomeMatic and Z-Wave. EnOcean, Homematic and Z-Wave, like ZigBee, Opinions differ on which of the available wireless Bluetooth or WLAN, are ways of implementing standards is best. “Z-Wave currently seems to be smart home systems via wireless communication. the best established on the market and offers KNX, on the other hand, is a cable-linked protocol. many technical advantages at a reasonable price Andreas Schneider, Head of Software Development level,” says Bicher, “but ZigBee and EnOcean are at the solar and heating controller manufacturer also suitable for certain applications, especially as Technische Alternative from Austria, has a firm the individual spread and acceptance of the proto- view on cable-based solutions: “I don’t think much cols differs strongly from country to country.” of extended bus systems which have cables to Vehmeier from PAW sees EnOcean in the lead: every light switch, sensor and lamp. The biggest “This standard provides the best performance in market is renovating old buildings. It is no fun at terms of range and security. Here, a checksum is all retrofitting cables trees here.” calculated and added on to each message to show up possible transmission errors. This provides a Wireless is a technical challenge reliable protection against transmission errors and duplications.” Jonas Bicher, Head of the controller specialist Apart from technical matters, the companies Sorel, sees things somewhat differently: “If involved in the smart home field have to face a the structural situation allows it, then cable completely different challenge: competition from connections are always to be preferred in terms of the Far East. Andreas Schneider recently bought security of operation and electrosmog.” The wireless thermostatic heads from an online mail- biggest market for cable-based solutions should order company for € 10 a piece and says: “It’s thus definitely open up in the field of new impossible for us to manufacture at that price in construction. Europe.” Technically, wireless solutions pose the greater Technische Alternative has not only developed challenge. “From a technical standpoint there are its own wireless protocol. The company is also the huge problems with energy supplies. Low power only company in the solar sector to offer a control means a low range; high power means special system which extends far beyond the heating. It is energy storage such as batteries or capacitors. much more its own smart home system, which can Here it is difficult to span the gaps between also control blinds and awnings. They are currently

With the EnOcean adapter by Resol the customer can link his heating and solar system to the EnOcean world. Graphic: Resol

24 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 MC heating circuit modules carry out a dynamic hydraulic balancing from the heat generator to the distributors. Photo: PAW expanding the options in the field of ventilation on community platforms and compare similar technology. The aim: automatic ventilation should systems and their energy efficiencies. “In the improve the room air quality for the occupants. future, heating controllers will pay even more From 2017, development in the electronics field is attention to weather forecasts and the individual planned. Then, lighting and alarm systems should behaviour of users. In this way the energy stored in also be controllable. the buffer tank can be optimised accordingly,” Even today, smart home systems can be very says Jörg Vehmeier from PAW. However, many ex- useful to end consumers for operating their heat- perts believe that the importance of smart home ing. Fault messages and notification of required solutions in heating applications should not be maintenance are a part of this. Long-term analyses overestimated. Most occupants are satisfied if the of the recorded data can show optimisation poten- heating works without a lot of effort and it isalways tial and make concrete proposals for possible acceptably warm in the living spaces. energy savings. Users can exchange experiences Jens-Peter Meyer

Solar Edition 25 PHOTOVOLTAICS HEATING WITH PV Making good use of surpluses

Hot water and heating: the Solar iBoost and Solar iBoost+. “With PV markets so hydraulic station FlowSol E volatile we have difficulty to predict the quantities, from Resol converts surplus but our forecast is lower than last year’s sales”, PV power into heat energy. Sales Director Teresa Auciello said. Graphic: Resol Its competitor Immersun discontinued sales this year. The company was featured in SUN&WIND ENERGY’s overview last year (see S&WE The Solar Edition 2/2015, page 48). According to Auciello, this shows “that the market is tough this year”. “Marlec has a strong background and foundation in other renewables, so we are able to withstand the ‘roller coaster’ of the PV market”, he added. There are a large number of PV heating system suppliers, especially in German-speaking countries. Solare Datensysteme from Germany is offering a heater specifically for its energy management system Solar-Log, called Ego Smart Heater. The device has now been improved to include a new feature: “In addition to a maximum temperature, a minimum temperature can now also be configured. If the temperature falls below the minimum value, the heating element is activated with configurable power, regardless of the surplus, and the temperature is raised by a fixed hysteresis of 7 °C”, Director of Product Management Gerd Edelmann said. Up to six heating elements can be connected in a cascade to the new version Ego Smart Heater Ethernet. “This allows large hot water storage tanks to be connected to Solar-Log and used as energy buffers,” Edelmann said. Current actual temperatures can be retrieved to accurately calculate the stratification behaviour. The new Ethernet version can also be used with a Solar-Log 300. Previously, this only worked with the Solar-Log 1200 and Solar-Log 2000 using the RS 485 Self-consumption is increasingly becoming a driving interface. force in the small PV system sector. Heating elements Battery takes precedence that use surplus PV electricity are gaining in My-PV from Austria has introduced two new versions popularity. of its product Elwa this year. The AC Elwa-E communicates with battery storage and smart home sys- he number of manufacturers of PV heating ele- tems via Ethernet. Sales Director Markus ment systems is growing. Marlec from the UK Gundendorfer provides a list of systems that work is a well-known market player. The company is with the AC Elwa-E, including devices from SMA, Tnow offering its PV heating systems Solar iBoost and Steca, Fronius, Varta, Loxone, and Solar-Log. The PV Solar iBoost+ in six languages: English, French, market has changed dramatically during recent German, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish. The com- months, especially in Germany. Feeding electricity pany started to open up the market in Australia this into the grid used to be the main priority, but now year, achieving all the necessary accreditations and self-consumption has taken centre stage. Approxi- especially to adapt the radio for the wireless sensor mately half of all PV systems are currently installed to the Australia and New Zealand requirements. The together with a battery storage system. The AC wireless sensor makes installing the Solar iBoost Elwa-E allows the customer to increase their self- very easy. Last year, Marlec sold 20,000 units of consumption even further. The AC Elwa-F is also

26 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 new. The letter F stands for frequency-controlled. This product is designed to heat water in stand- alone systems. It functions with SMA’s Sunny Island as well as systems from Studer and Outback Power. The AC Elwa-F automatically detects when the battery system is fully charged and switches to hot water production before the PV system has a chance to start idling. The Austrian inverter manufacturer Fronius expects heating elements to become an integral part of self-consumption systems in the future. For this reason, the company has introduced a new product called Ohmpilot at this year’s Intersolar Europe. This device communicates with the Fronius inverter via LAN, WLAN or RS485. If the Ohmpilot detects surplus The solar iBoost+ from Marlec uses a wireless PV electricity, it switches on the heating element and sensor. Photo: Marlec continuously regulates the power between 0 and 3 kW for single-phase installations and from 0 to 9 kW in Awasol from Germany has had several products in three-phase systems. Fronius does not supply the its range that have the heating element integrated in heating element itself. It is up to the customer wheth- a corrosion-resistant enamel storage tank. One inno- er they want to connect an existing boiler, a retrofitted vation is the new Selacal PV Heater 1000 DC, which water heating element, a towel dryer or an infrared can be retrofitted in existing heat storage systems. All heater. of the solar electricity generated by the PV system is fed into the storage system as modified DC electrici- Hydraulic groups offer advantages ty. The same heating element can also optionally use 230V AC power for secondary heating. “We are seeing Enerpipe from Germany has also developed a significant growth in the market for PV thermal in continuously adjustable heating element, the P4H 2016. Nevertheless, the development is lagging be- (Power-for-Home), which has an output of up to 3 kW hind expectations, especially in southern Europe,” (single-phase) or 9 kW (three-phase). Up till now, Managing Director Andreas Wagner said. Enerpipe only offered large-scale power-to-heat mod- Jens-Peter Meyer ules up to 5 MW, which are used for control power. Unlike other manufacturers, Enerpipe’s heating element is not installed in the storage tank; it is housed in an external hydraulic station. When heat is produced, a circulation pump switches on to heat up the storage tank. For retrofitting, this has the advantage The Ohmpilot receives that even storage tanks can be connected that do not information from the have a flange for the heating element. In addition, Fronius inverter when heat can be selectively stratified in the storage tank. there is surplus PV The German fittings manufacturer Tuxhorn also power, and it channels utilises these advantages. “The dual modulation is a exactly that amount of new feature compared to systems already on the mar- energy to the heating ket. The power of the electric heater is modulated con- element. tinuously between 0 and 3 kW, and the speed of the Photo: Fronius pumps is regulated from 10 % to 100 % to ensure a consistent temperature for heating the storage system, regardless of the amount of sunlight,” said Frank Thole, Head of Product Management. The product is available in versions for drinking water or heating water. The German specialist company for solar thermal controllers Resol also introduced this type of PV heating system under the name FlowSol E at this year’s Intersolar Europe. Resol makes the DeltaTherm E controller that is integrated in the station. Most PV heating elements are AC systems. The inverter first converts the direct current produced by the modules into alternating current. However, there are also versions that use the DC electricity directly. In these systems, which are also called PV thermal systems, the PV electricity is used exclusively to heat water, not for powering household appliances.

Solar Edition 27 PHOTOVOLTAICS HEATING WITH PV

Overview of PV heating elements

Manufacturer Type designation DC- or AC- Heating element Power control PSC Phases heating Max. heating Min. heating Integration Recommended Recommended Energy Priority Grid Phases power Battery Visualization Net list system variable compliant element power [kW] power [kW] heating element PV power [kW] heat storage tank management electricity electricity measurement storage of energy price [€] [litre] system included consumers for heating charging flows Austria Email, Austria ES-PV AC 6-stage n/a n/a 1 or 3 6 1.0 tank n/a 80/100/120 no n/a yes n/a n/a n/a n/a

EBH-PV AC 6-stage n/a n/a 1 or 3 6 1.0 tank n/a 80 up to 500 no n/a yes n/a n/a n/a n/a Awasol, Germany Selacal 120 - 750 DC continuously DC-supply - 1 1 - tank 0.75 1 120 1 no - yes - - yes 1,407 Selacal 150 - 1000 DC continuously DC-supply - 1 1 - tank 1.0 1 150 1 no - yes - - yes 1,785 Selacal 150 - 1250 HX DC continuously DC-supply - 1 1 - tank 1.25 1 150 1 no - yes - - yes 2,107 Selacal 200 - 1250 HX DC continuously DC-supply - 1 1 - tank 1.25 1 200 1 no - yes - - yes 2,118 Selacal PV-Heater 1000 DC DC continuously DC-supply - 1 1 - tank or external starting from 2 200 no - yes - - yes 696 Ecodata, Germany PowerDog-S + Steller EMV AC continuously high-frequency yes 1 3 0.1 tank starting from 2 100 up to 800 yes yes yes 1 yes yes starting 3kW from 1,007 PowerDog-S + Steller 3kW AC continuously phase cutting yes 1 3 0.1 tank starting from 2 100 up to 800 yes yes yes 1 yes yes starting from 805 PowerDog-S + Steller 12kW AC continuously high-frequency yes 3 12 0.1 tank starting from 3 150 up to 1500 yes yes yes 1 yes yes starting from 891 Enerpipe, Germany Power for Home P4H AC continuously full-wave cycle yes 1 or 3 3 or 9 0.15 or 0.45 hydraulic station n/a n/a no yes optional 1 or 3 no optional starting from 2,101 Fronius, Austria Ohmpilot AC continuously pulse width yes 1 or 3 9 0.3 n/a n/a n/a yes yes yes n/a yes n/a n/a modulation Krentzel, Germany Smart-Heater SH-V AC continuously patented matrix yes 3 13.5 0 external drum- > 6 > 750 partly yes optional 3 yes yes 3,328 control heater Smart-Heater SH-K AC continuously patented matrix yes 3 32 x 13.5 2 0 external drum- > 30 32 x 750 2 partly yes optional 3 yes yes 3,244 control heater Marlec, UK Solar iBoost+ AC continuously n/a n/a 1 3 0.1 tank n/a n/a n/a yes yes 1 no yes n/a My-PV, Austria ELWA DC continuously high-frequency - - 2 0 tank 2 starting from 100 no - yes - no yes 629 AC ELWA-E AC continuously high-frequency yes 1 3 0 tank starting from 2 starting from 100 no n/a yes n/a yes 5 yes 629 AC ELWA-F AC continuously high-frequency - 1 3 0 tank starting from 2 starting from 100 no n/a yes n/a yes 5 no 629 AC ELWA AC continuously high-frequency yes 1 3 0 tank starting from 2 starting from 100 no n/a yes n/a no no 629 3 AC ELWA + PLA 4 AC continuously high-frequency yes 1 or 3 18 0 tank starting from 2 starting from 100 yes yes yes 1 or 3 no yes starting from 839 Ökofen, Germany Smart PV DC continuously pulse width yes 1 2 0.1 tank starting from 2 starting from 200 no yes no 1 no yes 911 modulation Rennergy, Germany PV-Heiz Quantum AC continuously pulse package yes 3 9 0.3 hydraulic station > 4.5 > 510 yes yes no 3 yes yes n/a PV-Heiz Premium AC 6-stage n/a yes 3 6 1.0 hydraulic station > 3 > 510 yes yes no 3 no no n/a PV-Heiz Eco DC continuously n/a - - 9 0.1 hydraulic station > 3 > 510 no - no - - no n/a PV-Heiz Q-Hybrid solo AC continuously pulse package yes 3 15 0.3 tank > 4.5 850 up to 1000 yes yes no 3 yes yes n/a Resol, Germany FlowSol E (heating water) AC continuously n/a yes 1 3 0.1 hydraulic station 2 up to 8 100 up to 800 yes yes no 3 no yes n/a FlowSol E (potable water) AC continuously n/a yes 1 3 0.1 hydraulic station 2 up to 8 100 up to 800 yes yes no 3 no yes n/a Solare Datensysteme, Germany EGO Smart Heater AC 8-stage - yes 1 3.5 0.5 tank - n/a yes yes yes 3 yes yes 458 EGO Smart Heater Ethernet 6 AC 8-stage - yes 1 3.5 0.6 tank - n/a yes yes yes 3 yes yes 500 Solarinvert, Germany Stromhamster Heizstab AC continuously pulse width yes 3 6 0 tank 2 up to 10 > 300 yes yes optional 3 no yes n/a modulation Power Unit V2 AC continuously pulse width yes 3 6 0 tank 2 up to 10 > 300 no yes optional 3 yes yes n/a modulation Stromhamster Boiler AC continuously pulse width yes 3 6 0 boiler 2 up to 10 > 300 yes yes optional 3 no yes n/a modulation Solvis, Germany SolvisPV2Heat AC continuously impulse control yes 3 3 0.1 hydraulic station 2 up to 8 100 up to 800 yes yes no 3 no yes n/a Tuxhorn, Germany Tubra-eTherm TW AC continuously impulse control yes 1 3 0.1 hydraulic station 2 up to 10 100 up to 800 yes yes no 3 no yes n/a Tubra-eTherm HW AC continuously impulse control yes 1 3 0.1 hydraulic station 2 up to 10 100 up to 800 yes yes no 3 no yes n/a TWL, Germany EffectHeater PV AC 7-stage pulse package yes 1 3.5 0.7 external n/a n/a yes yes no n/a no n/a 790

Yellowstone Soft, Germany Cloudy103 AC 4-stage or 7-stage digital yes 1 3 0.8 tank 3 up to 9 150 up to 500 no yes optional 3 no no 755 Cloudy203 AC 4-stage or 7-stage digital yes 1 3 0.9 tank 3 up to 9 150 up to 500 yes yes optional 3 yes yes 957 AC systems increase the self-consumption of PV energy. Household electricity has priority. DC systems use all of the PV power for heating. Source: company data

28 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 Manufacturer Type designation DC- or AC- Heating element Power control PSC Phases heating Max. heating Min. heating Integration Recommended Recommended Energy Priority Grid Phases power Battery Visualization Net list system variable compliant element power [kW] power [kW] heating element PV power [kW] heat storage tank management electricity electricity measurement storage of energy price [€] [litre] system included consumers for heating charging flows Austria Email, Austria ES-PV AC 6-stage n/a n/a 1 or 3 6 1.0 tank n/a 80/100/120 no n/a yes n/a n/a n/a n/a

Footnotes: 1 included; 2 cascade up to 32 Smart-Heater; 3 998 € with 3-phase current transformer; 4 combination of up to 6 PV heating elements possible; 5 by overriding management; 6 up to 6 PV heating elements connectable with Solar-Log

Solar Edition 29 PHOTOVOLTAICS MOUNTING SYSTEMS New solutions & simplified systems

system that operates without end-to-end bottom rails. The S-Rock system is only made up of one component, two universal clamps, two building protection mats and a deflector plate. The S-Rock module carrying structure with a 15° angle of inclination features an integrated ballast tray, eliminating the need for any additional components or time con suming pre-assembly. Aerocompact GmbH from Austria has for years successfully implemented the principle of row connecting support elements, in which the module itself is jointly used as load bearing part. Development of the same system has been advanced from version 2.0 to 2.1 with two essential characteristics: UL- certified clamps equipped with ground terminals, whose end clamps are height adjustable are now available for mounting the module. The universal edge clamps are identical to those of system producer Alumero. The protection mat is now also available for use on all roof surfaces. “We use a non-woven fabric that is, how ever, 4 mm thick and more strongly interwoven than is usually commercially available,” demonstrated CEO Mathias Muther and added that the protection mat is attached by using a special method of bonding. “Together with a well-known adhesive manufacturer, we found the best suited adhesive for use between aluminium and nonwoven fabric in a lengthy process,” said Muther, and noted that Aerocompact, moreover, makes the new online software AeroTool Light available to its customers free of charge. “This can be used to create simple roof designs for quota- tions quickly, using Google Maps for the preplanning, which means that the planner does not even need to have climbed on the roof.” Baywa r.e. also puts its flat roof system on a new footing: Daniel Wiedmaier presented the novotegra rails with a self-adhesive 2 cm thick PE-foam. “An Aerocompact CEO Mathias This year’s Intersolar Europe opening of 70 cm each remains for optimal water Muther demonstrates how run-off,” said the Product Manager. Furthermore, securely the building protec- showcased both new mounting lightning protection accessories are now also avail- tion layer of the latest version able for flat roof systems. Schletter GmbH now also of the Aerocompact flat roof systems as well as new suppliers. offers the FixGrid 100 system in an east/west version system is attached. Exhibitors’ main focus was on that has overall construction regulation approval. It Photos (5): Christian Dany has been material and tools optimised using a new various innovations for flat roofs. mid-section support and in addition equipped with a certified lightning protection. Once the east/west ounting technology has now also reached system had established itself on the market, Ernst maturity in photovoltaics leaving hardly Schweizer AG Metallbau followed suit with a south any room for spectacular innovations. The system. To this end, the Swiss company designed a Mgreatest number of mounting technology innova- new support for the system, using clamping at the tions in Munich came from the flat roof area. K2 short sides of the module. At the same time, the de- Systems GmbH has developed a minimalist flat roof flector plate can be used as a ballast tray.

30 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 Without nut, they only need to be screwed in at the with movable feet construction site. In the area of module mounting, many Renusol Gmbh is a similar case in point: companies are dealing with the issue of following on from the east/west system edge clamps that are dependent on the with its square feet, the manufacturer is frame height of the panels. A large number now launching a rail-based south-facing of frame heights means an unwanted system. FS10-S and FS18-S (two inclination plethora of parts. IBC Solar AG is taking an versions) boast an innovative bolt connec- alternative route in order to stem the tion that works without a nut, “This means clamp tide. Product Manager Johannes much less manual manipulation on the Cayé described how the system supplier construction site. As the rails are already from Upper Franconia intends to restrict punched, the tiresome on-site measuring use to the brand new G4 middle clamp. is done away with and mounting errors “An exterior clamp adapter is set at the ar- occur less frequently,” said Product ray end, which has six stages and thereby Manager Felix Janssen. He explained that covers frame heights of 33 to 46 mm.” the lower support leg is moveable and can These dimensions can practically serve therefore be used for either version. “The the whole module market, since panel short rails are linked to connectors, which manufacturers are increasingly tending to makes it possible to level off roof irregular- abandon the frame height of 50 mm. ities,” explained Janssen. Only the square RBB Aluminium has developed a new connectors incorporate building protec- quickFix Air Safe system in cooperation with tion elements. The longest rails are 1.73 m Kraftwerk solar system integrator located in in length which makes logistics and trans- Siegburg, in the west of Germany. A new portation easier. cable duct and a fall protection were inte- The new Aloha flat roof system of the grated into the new system with a minimum Swiss Alectron Solar AG company also op- need for additional parts. According to erates without nuts. It relies on the SISO Sales Manager Stefan Schwarz, the compa- rapid fastening system for which bolts can ny attached great importance to logistics, be directly screwed into a channel of the as the short rails mean the system requires aluminium rails. The east/west system is considerably less freight volume. “We go available with an inclination of 10° or 15°. back to the long frame side for clamping. The front foot is usable for both versions. This way the customer has a free choice of An intermediate rail, the length of which modules,“ he explained and added that the depends on the module, can also be used new Air Safe can be supplied at an inclina- for ballast and determines the distance tion of 12.5° both for the south and the between the ground rails. According to de- east/west orientation. For the east/west signer Stefan Hilleke, all components are version the same module supports can be already delivered with bolts set so that mounted opposite each other.

EXPLORE THE ADVANTAGES OF STEEL STRUCTURES

Over 65 years of experience in design and manufacturing of steel components and structures

Your advantages: - Strong industrial capacity (>15 MW/week) - Over 1.5 GW steel structures supplied - Tailor made engineering & design

WWW.SADEF.COM Ernst Schweizer AG Metallbau has designed a new support for a south system using clamps at the short side of the panel.

Solar Edition 31 PHOTOVOLTAICS MOUNTING SYSTEMS

Renusol launches a rail- based south system with two inclination versions and innovative bolt fastening on the market.

Systems for green roofs and Manager Europe explained that the company consid- frameless panels ered an inclination of 13° to be an optimal value to reconcile low wind loads and an optimized annual Soltop Schuppisser AG from Switzerland has ex- yield, without restricting the self-cleaning effect of a panded its Duraklick system (formerly Knubix): the rain water run-off. ESDEC has an online layout soft- company now has a green roof version with 15° incli- ware for its flat roof and its pitched rooftop system nation available. For the Soltop GE model the panel Clickfit. Jurchen and ESDEC also provide their sys- edge is 18.5 cm off the roof surface. Jurchen tems in east/west direction. Voestalpine Sadef NV, Technology GmbH displayed a system with panel Belgian manufacturer has both a south and an east/ supports made of plastics. While Variotwin 4.1 has west version of its Flexroof system. Sadef relies on already been on the market for a year, the version for inhouse-produced steel profiles that are said to frameless panels in standard/60-cell size is brand show only low thermal expansion. According to the new. A supporting element weighs just 1.6 kg. Only company, Flexroof makes span ranges of more than one support is required per panel, another one for 3 m possible. each edge panel. The system can be installed espe- Premium Mounting Technologies (PMT) launches cially rapidly. For this, Jurchen Technology provides the Revolution system as a compromise between the a planning software, which is also able to process static optimal Evolution system with through rails data for projects in the US and Canada. and the cost and material optimised Ecolution sys- Dutch Esdec BV mounting system manufacturer tem. For Revolution only every second crevice is im- wishes to speed up exports with its FixFlat system. It plemented with through rails. All three systems are RBB Aluminium has developed consists of legs made of plastics, which are joined available in south and east/west design made of the quickFix Air Safe system using metal rails. The two-part legs can be collapsed, 150 mm wide rail (pieces) for an optimal load distri- together with the Siegburg which is intended to permit assembly tolerances, bution. Fresh off the production line is the non- based solar system integrator thermal expansion and to dispense with a protective penetrative rail system for up to 30° pitched roofs Kraftwerk. Photo: RBB Aluminium underlay. Christian Bongartz, Business Development with foil or bitumen roof cladding displayed by PMT. Three versions exist for an iron-proof positional sta- bility: a bolt fastening at the roof ridge for pent roofs, an exact balancing on both roof halves for saddle- back roofs, either by creating an identical system design (east/west orientation) or by applying additional ballast on the northern roof side in order to stabilize the system weight on the south side. PMT plans to help its stagnating solar car port segment get off the ground again with a shrewdly contrived design principle, in the area of large company car parks. To achieve this, they intend to combine the technologies and materials that are most cost-effective respectively so that the car port rack can be built up to the rooftop edge to carry about 300 €/kW photovoltaics. The car port system builds on a module for five private cars, for ten private cars in the double- row version. Christian Dany

32 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 PMT banks on consistent cost reduction for its car port concept of company car parks.

New products for tin and corrugated iron roofs

With AmbiU, Ambivolt GmbH now has a versatile U-channel in its product line. It can be mounted directly onto the trapezoidal sheet or as a fixture attached with hanger bolts on corrugated metal roofs. The 52 mm high U-channel provides a better rear1 ventilation than the existing AmbiNano. Today plate screws with Torx T30 are delivered for the AmbiHook roof hook, as a result of which for pitched roof systems, only one wrench is required for roof hook, support profile and module clamps. Tritec AG from Switzerland presented two innovations for trapezoidal sheet roofs: the new Tri-Fast TS-T holder for assembly laterally at the high beadings as well as the Tri-Fast Safe-Click holder, which is mounted on top of the beadings using thin metal sheet bolts and into which profiles can be clicked. IBC Solar AG now fits its Topfix 200 Trapez Eco system that is made up of fastening shoe and short rail, optionally with self-cutting bolts, for which pre-drilling is no longer required. The customer can also go for rivets. For shingle roofs made of sheet metal, such as Prefa, or slate roofs, IBC Solar now includes a roof anchor, which channels the force directly to the rafters, and a metal support in its portfolio.

producer for ground mount solar mounting systems We produced over 2 GWp!

Solar park Vinefarm, 45 MWp, England

SWW_190x90_4C_062016_engl.inddSolar Edition 1 10.05.1633 10:40 AZISGlobal2016_BVA SWE_210x297.qxp_Layout 1 30.08.16 09:49 Seite 1

PHOTOVOLTAICS SOLAR POWER STORAGE

INTERSOLAR – POWERFUL PIONEERS FOR 25 YEARS!

“It’s all about positioning” This is a clear sign that the car Battery storage has gone from being a niche market segment to the manufacturer BMW is entering the storage system market. driving force behind photovoltaics. Automotive companies are breaking Photos (3): Ina Röpcke new ground, and other vendors are trying to keep and strengthen their market positions by expanding their product ranges and implementing new sales strategies.

he Electrical Energy Storage (ees) exhibition 50 to 200. The company has also set up various part- was the main reason why the Intersolar nerships for electrical and roofing work since the Europe was larger this year than last. During Intersolar 2015. Tthe past two years, it has been held in tandem with Tesla did not have its own booth at the fair, but the Intersolar Europe, and this year, the ees needed it was represented by its distribution partners. The 40 % more room than in 2015. Enhancements to ex- Californian manufacturer’s battery was displayed, isting features, new products and 100 % self- for example, by Fronius International together with Intersolar India | Mumbai | October 19–21, 2016 sufficiency were some of the key topics in the home an inverter and by Hanwha Q-Cells next to a photo- Intersolar Europe | Munich | May 31–June 2, 2017 storage sector. However, it was also obvious that voltaic module. BMW and Solarwatt had a joint vendors are not just trying to market technical inno- booth that was impossible to overlook. Intersolar North America | San Francisco | July 11–13, 2017 vations. The challenge for them now is to find their Intersolar South America | São Paulo | August 22–24, 2017 places in the developing market. Positioning in focus Intersolar Middle East | Dubai | September 25–27, 2017 Automotive manufacturers are Storage technology pioneers, such as Varta Storage, Intersolar Summit Iran | Tehran | November 15, 2016 forging ahead Sonnen and Deutsche Energieversorgung are trying to strengthen their positions in the face of intensify- Intersolar Summit USA East | New York | Spring 2017 Just last year, Deutsche Accumotive, Daimler AG’s ing competition from new market players. Inverter battery-manufacturing subsidiary, unveiled its new manufacturers are using home storage systems to home storage system at a small trade fair booth. The sell their transformers. Brand names that have dis- corporation has now set up a new subsidiary, appeared from the product ranges of some manu- Discover the World’s Leading Mercedes-Benz Energy GmbH, to develop and dis- facturers show up again in the product ranges of Exhibition Series for the Solar Industry tribute the energy storage system worldwide. By the others. Completely new vendors are entering the www.intersolarglobal.com end of 2017, the number of employees at Mercedes- market, sometimes to the surprise of existing Benz Energy is expected to increase from currently companies.

34 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 AZISGlobal2016_BVA SWE_210x297.qxp_Layout 1 30.08.16 09:49 Seite 1

INTERSOLAR – POWERFUL PIONEERS FOR 25 YEARS!

Discover the World’s Leading Exhibition Series for the Solar Industry www.intersolarglobal.com

Solar Edition PHOTOVOLTAICS SOLAR POWER STORAGE

more active in the B2B sector up till now, is looking to establish itself in the B2C sector with its battery storage systems. The all-in-one solution Neeo Basix for example, which fits in virtually any cellar due to its small size, was developed specifically with end- users in mind.

More large-scale storage

Home storage or large-scale storage is also an important question related to positioning. E3/DC is one of several manufacturers that are turning their attention to the topic of large-scale storage. In addition to the ‘farming’ function of the storage system, the company has introduced a new concept for large- scale storage. Its target group are customers with power consumption up to 50,000 kWh. Its TriLink technology gives it a battery power of 12 kW and a modular upgradeable storage configuration in two Tesla did not have its Varta’s theme for its booth revolved around the independent battery strings with capacities up to own booth. Instead, four elements, with Varta being the ‘fifth element’. The 100 kWh. In the future, customers will benefit from its partners displayed company displayed its new products Varta Element, even lower introductory prices for the 48-volt battery the battery, which is Varta Family and Varta Home. The cost-effective technology, the company stated. The modular con- seen here at Fronius storage system Varta Element can now be expanded cept also allows the use of high-voltage batteries International’s booth. from 3.2 or 6.4 kWh of storage capacity to 9.6 kWh. (350V) as well as ultra-high-voltage batteries (800V). “You can no longer sell photovoltaic systems without storage, so we have to meet customers’ ex- High or low voltage pectations.” According to Anton Spengler, Managing Director of SolarMax Produktions-GmbH, this is the High or low-voltage batteries is a question that is reason for expanding the company’s product range. currently being discussed in the industry. In addition The predecessor company Sputnik Engineering, to low-voltage versions (48V), LG Chem, for example, which filed for bankruptcy in late 2014, was not par- is offering high-voltage models (400V) for the first ticularly active in the area of storage development, time. The heart of the storage system is a newly de- but for the new company, the home storage system veloped battery cell that provides very high energy MaxStorage TP-S is just as important as the inverters. density, according to the company. The new systems The complete system includes lithium-ion batteries, with capacities between 3.3 and 9.8 kWh in the low- a battery management system, a SolarMax TP series voltage range and with 7.0 and 9.8 kWh as high- inverter, and the new energy manager MaxWeb XPN. voltage models will be available in the third quarter Spengler called it a ‘self-learning’ system. The data of this year. logger calculates the best time to store solar electric- Improved compatibility with inverters from differ- ity based on typical consumption and the weather ent manufacturers was a common trend. Leclanché’s forecast. AC-coupled domestic storage system Apollion Cube, The French inverter manufacturer Imeon Energy for example, is now compatible with devices from unveiled a new monitoring portal for its battery in- SMA, Nedap, Studer Victron, and Imeon. verter, which can store up to 8 GB of data. Marketing Director François Berrubé also stressed that it is a Outdoor storage system from KIT self-learning system. Based on weather forecasts, the system makes suggestions for consumer The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology unveiled a sur- behaviour. prising innovation. The Institute presented the proto type of an outdoor storage system. The weatherproof New sales strategies housing allows the storage system to be moved out of the basement or utility room to the outdoors, for Solarmax intends to begin delivering its storage example into the yard, garden or carport. KIT ad- systems later this year, and ABB began shipping its dressed the issue of safety once again. “The risk of a domestic storage system early this year, which was gas leak or fire is very low with modern systems. The featured more than once at the Intersolar. But the new outdoor storage concept completely eliminates highlight of the presentation at the exhibition was any risk associated with having the system inside the ABB’s new central inverter. Akasol has acquired the house”, the press release stated. insolvent storage manufacturer Knubix and adopted Another newcomer is looking to score points a new marketing strategy. Akasol is now selling its with lead-acid batteries, which are safe, can be re own storage systems as well as the ones from Knubix cycled and are competitively priced. Powerball under the brand name Neeo. Akasol, which has been Systems from Switzerland has introduced a storage

36 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 system that uses lead-acid gel batteries. The storage has a pilot project with Swisscom in Switzerland. system is available at a starting price of 499 €/kWh “Regulations are more simple and the market more of usable storage capacity. This goes against the liberal in Switzerland”, Bloch said. trend. Most new products as well as improved exist- Fenecon must have come to the same realisa- ing products shown at the ees were based on tion. The storage system manufacturer from Lower lithium-ion technology. Bavaria has been working together with Ampard AG from Switzerland since May, 2015. The company, New technologies which specialises in intelligent energy management systems, operates the Fenecon Energy Pool that In addition to lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries, a uses Fenecon’s own decentralised storage systems home storage system using redox flow technology to market control power from the virtual power plant. was also unveiled last year. It was introduced by the The owners of the systems connected to the Fenecon wet process equipment specialist company Schmid. Energy Pool receive a share of the profits. Approximately fifteen of these storage systems have Sonnen and Deutsche Energieversorgung are al- been installed since the product was launched at the so promoting 100 % self-sufficiency and 100 % inde- Intersolar 2015. However, Schmid no longer has the pendence. In their distribution models Sonnen round storage system in its product range. Instead, Community and Senec Cloud, the companies take on the mechanical engineering company has now intro- the role of energy supplier. Here is a very short duced the rectangular successor model EverFlow explanation of their models: Self-generated solar Compact Storage, which has capacities of 15, 30 and power that cannot be used in the house or cached in 45 kWh at 5 kW connected load for single-family the manufacturers’ storage system is accumulated houses. According to Günter Bauer, Sales Director at in a virtual ‘power pool’ or ‘cloud’ and can then be Schmid, the round storage system’s power-to-energy retrieved when it is needed, for example in the win- ratio (2 kW / 10 kWh) was not competitive enough. ter. The vendors charge a price for this electricity that Another new technology comes from the United is below the German average. The exact terms and States. The Pittsburgh-based manufacturer Aquion conditions, the fees for joining the programmes and introduced a saltwater battery. It was developed by bonuses can be found on the companies’ websites. the company’s CTO Jay Whitacre, who is also a uni- Senec Heat is a new model from Deutsche versity professor. The storage system, which re- Energieversorgung. Surplus electricity can be used ceived the ees Award at the Intersolar 2015, includes to heat water using a heating element controller. a battery with a solution of carbon, manganese Other manufacturers are also introducing heating in- oxide and salt water. According to the company, the tegration for their products. Varta Storage, for ex batteries are non-flammable, extremely durable and ample, used the Varta Connect visualisation to show also suitable for partial loads. The price is about the how energy storage systems, heating, heat pumps, same as high-quality lead-acid batteries. Around and combined heating and power plants can all 200 of these systems have been installed worldwide. communicate. Manufacturers have made significant Eaton has a different approach. Working to progress in development in a few short years. gether with the car manufacturer Nissan, the energy Storage systems do much more than just provide management specialist has developed a storage temporary storage for PV electricity. They also pro- Sonnen, previously known as system using old car batteries. More than 25,000 vide energy grid services and even heating. Sonnenbatterie, presented its Nissan Leaf electric cars have been sold worldwide. Ina Röpcke new design. The manufacturer replaces the battery as soon as it is at 70% storage capacity. These so-called ‘second- life’ batteries are then installed in the home storage system xStorage. The single-phase version of the storage system is scheduled to be available by the end of this year. The three-phase version will be introduced next year. According to the company, the batteries can be used for ten years before they need to be replaced.

100 % self-sufficiency

During the past two years, the storage system manufacturers Sonnen (formerly Sonnenbatterie) and Deutsche Energieversorgung had advertised their intent to connect individual home storage systems to create composite power plants that can provide control power. They have now slightly changed course. “Supplying real control power is something we’ll be looking at in the future”, said Mathias Bloch, Press Spokesman at Sonnen. Sonnen already

Solar Edition 37 PHOTOVOLTAICS PV IN EUROPE

France ups the PV tempo once again

With an area of 250 ha Following a boom in the French PV market around the year 2011, and a capacity of 300 MW, the Cestas solar farm near business took a noticeable turn for the worse. But the dry spell appears Bordeaux has the highest generation capacity of any PV to be over. For the second year running, France has achieved steady farm in Europe. expansion figures. Last year 895 MW of capacity were added. Photo: Schneider Electric/Giball Prod.

n the French PV market, an upward trend is Current PV statistics create a good basis for this emerging, according to Nils Eckardt of target. By the end of June, 6.9 GW of PV were in- the German-French Office for the Energy stalled in France and its overseas territories. By the TransitionI (DFBEW), which is part of the Federal end of last year, installed capacity had reached Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy in Berlin. 6.6 GW. That meant that 95 MW were added in 2015, The key reason for the growth, in his view, is the compared with 955 MW in 2014 and 656 MW in 2013. energy-policy environment: “As part of the new According to the transmission service operator RTE, energy transition law passed in August of last another 1,934 MW of photovoltaics projects were in year, new targets were set for the French electric- the pipeline – in the year prior, the figure was ity mix designed to encourage the expansion of 2,137 MW. Annual electricity production from PV renewable sources of energy.” amounted to 7.4 TWh, which Is 25 % more than the previous year. On average, this amounts to a 1.6 % Targets encourage photovoltaics share of total consumption. The south and southwest of the country forms a The new targets include a reduction of the share focal point of installed PV capacity. With its of atomic energy in the electricity mix from to- 1,680 MW of capacity, the greater Aquitaine day’s 75 % to 50 % by 2025. Added to that is a cap Limousin-Poitou-Charentes region was the leader in on the total installed nuclear power capacity of PV as of midyear. In October 2015, the 300 MW 63.2 GW, a 30 % reduction in fossil-fuel based en- Cestas solar farm – Europe’s largest PV farm meas- ergy production by 2030 compared with 2012, ured by production capacity – went online. The facil- and slashing end-energy consumption by 2050 to ity, located near Bordeaux, was initiated by the half of the 2012 level. Furthermore, France plans project developer Neoen and built by a consortium to cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 40 % of comprising Eiffage Clemessy, Krinner and Schneider 1990 levels by 2030. In addition, there is a target- Electric. The farm accounted for around half an of the ed increase in the share of renewable sources of PV installed in the region for the year. energy to 32 % of gross end-energy consumption Measured by installed capacity, other strong re- by 2030, which corresponds to a 40 % share of gions include the Languedoc-Roussillon Midi- power generation. Pyrénées, with 1,390 MW of installed capacity,

38 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 This call for tenders will have a total volume of 3,000 MW, which will be auctioned off in six 500 MW rounds of bidding. According to the DFBEW, the first round of bidding will end on 1 February 2017 and the final round on 3 June 2019. The maximum per missible capacity per project was raised for large- scale PV systems to 17 MW.

Industry representatives pleased

Representatives of the industry have expressed pleasure at this news. Jean-Louis Bal, President of the Renewable Energy Association SER, and Arnaud Mine, President of the organisation’s solar division lauded the move, “This call for tenders is a response to our repeated demands. It will advance the development of the industry across the entire value chain.” Now, the industry is impatiently waiting for the round of tenders for building integrated PV. The start of the first round of bidding for rooftop systems between 100 kW and 5 MW is in the offing. “It is slat- ed to take place thrice yearly, with a volume of 150 MW in each round,” says Eckardt.

Clearer rules for self consumption

Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, with 924 MW, and Other changes have been instituted which clarify the Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, with 686 MW. In the northern legal framework for self consumption of PV power, half of France, PV is focused in Alsace says Eckardt, “An ordinance dated 27 July 2016 reg- Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine, with 441 MW of ca- ulates the framework for the use of self-generated pacity and Pays de la Loire with 395 MW. The high electricity in France and specifies, among other concentration of solar power in the south of the things, that the Energy Regulatory Commission, CRE, country is down to the sunny climate, which makes must define special network usage fees for self- that part of the country particularly attractive. producers of electricity and does not either sell or feed into the grid electricity consumed at the site of Higher expansion targets production.” The DFBEW expects that with the change in the The French ministry of the environmental and ener- legal framework, France will see medium-term annu- gy released its new expansion targets for PV in April al PV growth of just under 1.75 GW. Again, Eckardt of this year. They were raised to 10.2 GW by 2018 and weighs in, “through this wide range of measures, from 18.2 to 20.2 GWp by 2023. Nils Eckardt of the both implemented and announced, the French PV in- DFBEW explains what this means for the current dustry is looking with great optimism to the future. year, “To meet the new targets, the country now We at the DFBEW share this growth outlook.” needs to install at least 1.3 GW a year.” Planned calls for tender for rooftop systems sized between 100 kW Companies embrace self and 5 MW, and utility-scale systems of between consumption 500 kW and 17 MW are expected to contribute toward meeting these targets. Added to that is addi- Our survey of companies active in the French PV mar- tional expansion in the below-100 kW segment of ket confirms these positive expectations. At Apex systems that receive feed-in tariffs. Energies of Montpellier the belief is that the French market is also developing in the direction of self con- New tender in the utility-scale sumption. With more than 25 years of experience, segment Apex Energies sees itself as a pioneer of photovoltaics and solar water heating in France. The company On 24 August 2016, the French government gave the already has 25 MW of photovoltaic capacity in oper- go-ahead for a new round of PV tenders in the utility- ation; last year it added 2 MW to that figure, and the scale segment above 500 kW. These calls for tender firm is also active internationally. generally take place twice a year. “This is also the Apex Energies presented its PVSOFT software first time in the context of a PV call for tenders that package for monitoring and management of renew the newly introduced system of direct marketing able energy plants at the end of May. “Whereas, up with a market premium will come into play,” says to now such innovations have generally been the Eckardt. preserve of large-scale projects or deep-pocketed

Solar Edition 39 PHOTOVOLTAICS PV IN EUROPE

The Lé Camazou solar farm of investors, today we can also use them in smaller continue to enable balanced development in the project developer Eole-RES projects,” says Business Development Director industry.” is located in the region of David Emsellem. An initial project using the technol- Solarwatt is positioning itself in the self- Languedoc-Roussillon and ogy is up and running in the region of Provence- consumption segment for homeowners and small has a total capacity of 12 MW. Alpes-Côte d’Azur. In the PACA19 project, 19 agricul- agricultural buildings with its MyReserve storage Photo: Eole RES SA/Michel Bost tural shelters were fitted with a total capacity of solution. “The return of some of our French custom- 1.9 MW made up of 15,400 m² of Q-Cells modules. ers is very positive and has encouraged us to launch this product in the French market in the autumn,” A challenging market says Sylvia Lamaty. The three-star hotel “Mas de la Grenouillère” in the Camargue Nature Park is part of With the entry of Eole-RES S.A. in Avignon into the the advance guard. The hotel has 9 kW of Solarwatt solar business, this company, which for years has 60p glass-glass modules which it uses in combina- been a globally-established player in the wind in- tion with a storage system to cover 30 % of its dustry, is now increasingly involved in the French PV electricity demand. market. Currently the company has 17 MW on the grid, of which 12 MW were added just last year. One Engie sees itself as a pioneer of its largest current projects, a solar farm with a total capacity of 41 MW called “Lacs Médocains”, The company Engie, a subsidiary of Cofely and GDF located in the department of Gironde, has just Suez, also sees itself as a pioneer of the industry. completed a round of financing. With the takeover of 95 % of the project develop- “The market in France is very complicated due to ment company Solairedirect in July of last year, the the diversity of permitting practices and procedures firm was on the top of the heap. All told, the compa- surrounding feed-in tariffs,” says Amanda Baudry of ny says that it operates 22 PV power plants with a to- Eole-RES. “The main task is going to be transitioning tal output of 158.5 MW. One plant in a particularly un- from feed-in tariffs to compensation through premi- usual location is the 26.1 MW Curbans power plant ums. We also need longer-term planning security for at an altitude of 1,000 m in the department of Alpes- the upcoming CRE bidding procedure.” de-Haute-Provence. Overall Engie has a portfolio of 201 MW in 15 countries around the world. Political measures kick in Accustomed to the tender model Solarwatt France of Ecully, near Lyon, has a solar power portfolio 200 MW strong. Last year, the sub- But other players are also arriving from the neigh- sidiary of the Dresden-based Solarwatt connected bouring country of Germany; the Hamburg based some 15 MW to the grid. Since last year, the current CEE Group has a PV portfolio in France of 22 MW. “In governments measures appear to have had a cer- addition to that, in 2014 we acquired a portfolio of tain effect,” says Sylvia Lamaty of Solarwatt France three farms, each of which receives feed-in tariffs of optimistically. “And we hope that this trend will more than € 0.30 because they were already

40 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 2.2. répartition régionale du parc solaire

La région Aquitaine Limousin Poitou-Charentes, grâce à son parc Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur regroupent 70 % du parc total. d’une puissance de 1 594 MW, est la région de France qui accueille Cette concentration des installations solaires dans le sud de la 2.2. répartition régionale du parc solairele parc solaire le plus important. Elle est suivie par la région France s’explique notamment par le niveau d’ensoleillement de ces connected to the grid by 2011,” reports Investment and we supply products and systems for solar In theLanguedoc-Roussillon sun-drenched region of Midi-Pyrénées avec un parc raccordé d’une régions. En effet, l’ensoleillement est l’un des facteurs principaux 33 Director Jens Schnoor.La région The Aquitaine CEE is a part Limousin of the Oetker Poitou-Charentes, thermal and grâcesolar power à son systems.” parc Provence-Alpes-CôteProvence-Alpes-Côtepuissance d’Azur regroupent de 1 d’Azur, 276 MW.70 % Ces du parcdeux total.régions accueillent presque la déterminant la productivité de l’installation. Les régions du nord de Group via the Lampe Bank. Juwi Holding AG made a more radical break, bid- Apex Energies of Montpellier d’une puissance de 1 594 MW, est la région de France qui accueille Cette concentrationmoitié des installations de la puissance solaires solaire dans raccordée le sud deen Francela métropolitaine. la France ont un niveau d’ensoleillement annuel moyen de l’ordre The CEE Group has been active in the field of re- ding France a final au revoir. The company decided has installed 1.9 MW of PV on Les quatre régions du sud, Aquitaine Limousin Poitou-Charentes, de 1 630 h alors que, pour les régions du sud, ce niveau s’élève newable energyle forparc more solaire than 10 le years plus and important. holds a Elleto focus est suivieon its core par business la région and consideredFrance Frances’explique 19 notamment agricultural parshelters. le niveau d’ensoleillement de ces total EuropeanLanguedoc-Roussillon portfolio containing more Midi-Pyrénées than 40 oneavec of un the parc less raccordé promising d’une markets. Asrégions. a result, En the effet, l’ensoleillementLanguedoc-RoussillonPhoto: estApex l’unEnergies des Midi-Pyrénées, facteurs principaux Auvergne Rhône-Alpes et à environ 2 200 h, soit 35 % de plus que les régions du nord. wind and PV projects with a total of 528 MW capac- firm sold off its interests in late 2014 to the French

puissance de 1 276 MW. Ces deux régions accueillent presque la déterminant la productivité de l’installation. Les régions du nord de ity. Their largest PV project in France is the Solar project developer and operator Neoen. Some 50 Ile-de-France Esparron 1 +2moitié & Solaire de la Saint puissance Hilaire solaireportfolio raccordée in former en FranceJuwi employees métropolitaine. were taken on laby France Neoen. ont un niveau d’ensoleillement annuel moyen de l’ordre southern France,Les whichquatre has régions a total du generation sud, Aquitaine ca- Limousin Poitou-Charentes, de 1 Martin630 Freyh alors que, Parcpour lessolaire régions raccordé du sud, ce aux niveau réseaux s’élève par région au 31 décembre 2015 pacity of 19.6 Languedoc-RoussillonMW with modules from Solairedirect, Midi-Pyrénées, Auvergne Rhône-Alpes et à environ 2 200 h, soit 35 % de plus que les régions du nord. Picardie Yingli and CSUN. Nord-Pas-de-Calais

Picardie Jens Schnoor views the new tender models in Nord-Pas-de-Calais France with a casual air, “Tender-based models are Installed PV capacity by region. 124 mW

Normandie now widespread in Europe. We are familiar with Date of information: 31 December 2015 Alsace Normandie Parc solaire raccordé aux réseaux par région au 31 décembre 2015 116 mW Ile-de-France Bretagne Champagne-Ardenne them from Germany and the Netherlands,” he 79 mW Lorraine 178 mW says. “We are generally optimistic that we will be 435 mW

Pays de la Loire able to complete further projects in France with our Nord-Pas-de-Calais Centre-Val de Corse Picardie 379 mW Loire cooperation partners. It remains to be seen Bourgogne

124 mW W 198 mW Franche-Comté

whether the new tender-based procedure offers us Normandie m 187 mW Alsace

advantages.” 116 mW Ile-de-France Champagne-Ardenne Corse

Bretagne 110 79 mW Lorraine Aquitaine Alsace 178 mW Limousin 435 mW W Auvergne

m Poitou-Charentes

Withdrawal of German companies Pays de la Loire W Rhône-Alpes m Centre-Val de 1 594 mW

379 mW Loire 646 mW 870

BourgogneW Côte d’Azur Côte Lorraine Champagne-Ardenne Alsace m

Lorraine

435 The nascent hopes in the French market should not Franche-Comté m mW Provence-Alpes- 198 Bretagne mW conceal, however, that many companies have with- 187 Languedoc-Roussillon Auvergne Auvergne

646 Provence-Alpes- 187 Champagne-Ardenne Champagne-Ardenne Bourgogne Rhône-Alpes ≥ 1 000 MW Midi-Pyrénées Côte d’Azur drawn from the country in recent years. Notable ex- Aquitaine Franche-Comté W Provence-Alpes-Côte regroupent d’Azur % du parc 70 total. Cette concentration des installations solaires dans le sud de la notammentFrance par s’explique le niveau de ces d’ensoleillement desrégions. facteurs effet, est En l’ensoleillement l’un principaux déterminant la productivité de l’installation. Les régions du nord de la France ont un niveau annuel d’ensoleillement moyen de l’ordre de 1 630 h alors pour que, les régions du sud, ce niveau s’élève à environ 2 200 soit h, 35 % de plus que les régions du nord. Limousin 500 à 1 000 MW parc Constantin réseau le sur de transport public d’électricité. Situé dans la commune de Cestas en Gironde, est il le plus grand d’Europe avec MW 230 de puissance installée. 1 276 mW 870 mW W amples are mainly from Germany. These include m Auvergne

Poitou-Charentesm

Rhône-Alpes W

Picardie 200 à 500 MW

the companies of Windwärts, which are focused on m W

124 Corse Franche-Comté

1 594 mW 79 646 mW 100 à 200 MW Bourgogne m Ile-de-France wind energy in France, as well as Juwi and Wagner Nord-Pas-de-Calais 110 mW Loire 0 à 100 MW W 198 Solar GmbH. 1 276 Midi-Pyrénées W Centre-Val de Centre-Val

Languedoc-Roussillon Provence-Alpes- m

“Wagner has a long history in the French mar- m ≥ 1 000 MW Midi-Pyrénées Côte d’Azur Languedoc-Roussillon ket,” says Marketing Manager Sabine Klehm. “The W mW

116 mW 1 276 870Limousin Aquitaine

500 à 1 000 MW Normandie

m 1 594 former branch office is no longer active in the mar- Loire de Centre-Val 200 à 500 MW Poitou-Charentes CorseLa région Aquitaine Limousin Poitou-Charentes a raccordé sur parc Constantin sur le réseau public de transport d’électricité. ket, which means that 100 Frenchà 200 MW Wagner customers 379 W now contact us directly. 0 à 100Of course, MW we are pleased de la Loire Pays 110son mW territoire 452 MW soit la moitié de la puissance des nouvelles Situé dans la commune de Cestas en Gironde, il est le plus grand m

Source: RTE - Réseau de transport d’électricité to offer them expert support in their own language, installations raccordées en France métropolitaine durant l’année d’Europe avec 230 MW de puissanceLoire la de Pays installée. Bretagne 178

2015. Ce volume provient en grande partie du raccordement du

Rhône-Alpes Solar Edition La région Aquitaine Limousin Poitou-Charentes a raccordé sur parc Constantin sur le réseau public41 de transport d’électricité. Auvergne

son territoire 452 MW soit la moitié de la puissance des nouvelles Situé dans la communeRépartition de Cestas en régionale Gironde, il estdes le nouvellesplus grand puissances solaires raccordées en 2015 installations raccordées en France métropolitaine durant l’année d’Europe avec 230 MW de puissance installée. d’Azur Côte MW

2015. Ce volume provient en grande partie du raccordement du 500 Provence-Alpes-

450 400 Midi-Pyrénées Répartition régionale des nouvelles puissances solaires raccordées en 2015350

300 MW Languedoc-Roussillon

épartition régionale du parc solaire du parc r épartition régionale 250

500

200 Poitou-Charentes 450 500 à 1 000 MW 200 à 500 MW à 200 100 MW MW 0 à 100 ≥ 1 000 MW

150 0 400 50 Limousin Aquitaine MW 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 Répartition puissances des régionale nouvelles solaires raccordées en 2015 Parc solaire raccordé aux réseaux par région au 31 décembre 2015 raccordéParc solaire décembre aux réseaux 2015 par région au 31 100 350 2.2. La région Aquitaine Limousin Poitou-Charentes, grâce à son parc est puissance la région MW, ded’une France de 1 594 qui accueille le parc solaire le plus important. est Elle suivie par la région Languedoc-Roussillon Midi-Pyrénées avec un parc raccordé d’une Ces deux MW. régionspuissance accueillent de 1 276 presque la moitié de lapuissance solaire raccordée enFrance métropolitaine. Les quatre régions du sud, Aquitaine Limousin Poitou-Charentes, Midi-Pyrénées, Rhône-Alpes Languedoc-Roussillon Auvergne et 50 La région Aquitaine Limousin Poitou-Charentes a raccordé sur son territoire MW 452 soit la moitié de la puissance des nouvelles installations raccordées en France métropolitaine durant l’année Ce volume provient en grande partie2015. du raccordement du en 2015 renouvelable de l’électricité Panorama 300 0 250 200 Corse 150 Alsace Auvergne Bretagne Picardie Bourgogne Normandie Côte d’Azur 100 Rhône-Alpes Ile-de-France Midi-Pyrénées 50 Provence-Alpes- Pays de la Loire Franche-Comté Poitou-Charentes 0 Aquitaine Limousin Centre-Val de Loire Nord-Pas-de-Calais Languedoc-Roussillon

Corse Alsace Auvergne Bretagne Picardie Champagne-Ardenne Lorraine Bourgogne Normandie Côte d’Azur Rhône-Alpes Ile-de-France Midi-Pyrénées Provence-Alpes- Pays de la Loire Franche-Comté Poitou-Charentes Aquitaine Limousin Centre-Val de Loire Nord-Pas-de-Calais Languedoc-Roussillon Panorama de l’électricité renouvelable en 2015 33 Champagne-Ardenne Lorraine

Panorama de l’électricité renouvelable en 2015 33 PHOTOVOLTAICS BREXIT

5 things to watch about Brexit

No one was really prepared for the outcome of Brexit. As Prime Minister, her first actions in the energy sector have been delaying the approval of the Hinkley After the United Kingdom has voted to leave the EU, Point nuclear power station and authorising the Hornsea Project Two, the world’s largest offshore the big question is: What will happen now? wind farm. In September, she gave green light to the Hinkley project, causing dismay among green groups Not everyone was pro- ith the referendum of 23 June, the majority and renewable energy advocates that would have Brexit. On September 3rd, of British voters chose to leave the preferred the shift of investments towards more people in London were European Union. The immediate conse- distributed and cheaper power sources. Wquences were the fall of the sterling, the resignation Investor confidence: An independent report protesting to stay in the European Union under of the Prime Minister and chaos in all political par- commissioned by the National Grid found that leav- the slogan “March for ties. No one was prepared for this outcome and the ing the EU would cost the UK up to £ 500 million per Europe”. Leave campaign did not have a plan on how to year in the 2020s, due to the uncertainty over ener- Photo: Claudia Delpero divorce from the EU. It is now up to the new govern- gy and climate investments. Solar was already hit by ment to formulate and negotiate proposals with the the cut of incentives last year. Now at least two other other 27 European countries. When exactly will the factors will impact market confidence. The first is UK leave the EU (if it will at all)? What will the new when Brexit will happen. The second is the possible relationship be like? Which regulations will remain shift on climate policies, considering that the Leave in place and which ones will change? As everyone campaign was led by several climate skeptics. The navigates through the unknown, these are five areas parliamentary committee on Energy and Climate the solar industry should watch. Change launched an inquiry on both areas. Energy priorities of the new government: In the After the referendum, renewable energy giants new government led by Theresa May, energy and cli- such as DONG and Siemens confirmed the intention mate change have been taken away from the depart- to invest in Britain and the British Photovoltaic ment for the environment and ascribed to the de- Association (BPVA) announced a series of new partment for business and industrial strategy. “It is ground-mounted solar projects. Britain will still have a great shame that a department directly focused on to replace old power stations and the fall of the ster- the critical issues of energy and climate change is to ling after the vote made energy imports more expen- close, but a joined-up business, industrial strategy sive. The autumn statement of 23 November, with the and energy approach could provide huge opportuni- budget for next year, may be used to reassure ties for solar in the UK,” commented Paul Barwell, investors. CEO of the Solar Trade Association. Links between national and EU laws: Currently, na- Theresa May seemed to prefer renewables to nu tional targets on renewable energy and climate clear, according to a research of past declarations change are linked to European commitments and carried out by the specialist news site Carbon Brief. regulations. This will not change as long as the UK is

42 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 part of the EU. But what about the new renewable EU, it is also unclear whether the UK will continue to energy directive that the European Commission will participate in the European Emissions Trading present in November? “The UK is opposing specific Scheme (ETS). national renewable energy targets for 2030. From New trade policy: It is impossible to make pre- that perspective, the debate will be made easier, al- dictions on future commercial exchanges until there though the acceptance of national binding targets is is clarity on the type of deal the UK will reach with the very limited by Member States in general,” com- EU and other countries. Outside the single market, mented Alexandre Roesch, Policy Director at new import taxes may apply, but duties may be re- SolarPower Europe. The UK won’t have much say in voked as well. Representatives of the British solar in- the development of the directive but, depending on dustry have long been asking to lift the anti-dumping the negotiations, may end up implementing some of duties applied by the EU on solar equipment made its measures. in China. A number of other initiatives link London and Innovation: The EU innovation programme Brussels. These include the Energy Union, the Third “Horizon 2020” has a budget of € 70 billion for the Energy Package and the EU Emissions Trading period 2014-2020. It covers many areas, including Scheme. “Brexit will have a limited impact on the renewable energy technologies and smart grids. evolution of the European power system as electric- While the UK currently maintains access to these ity markets get increasingly coupled and these funds, the ability to participate in long-term projects processes are also driven by inter-governmental by British companies and research institutes may be collaboration,” added Roesch. questioned by partners. To limit the damage, In the past, Britain has been a champion of low- Chancellor Philip Hammond has guaranteed that the carbon policies. The UK Climate Change Act of 2008 payment of EU grants will be underwritten by the set a binding target of 80 % carbon emissions cuts government, even when projects will continue be- by 2050 supported by successive carbon budgets. yond the UK’s departure from the EU. Start-ups, a The fifth one aims at 57 % emissions reductions by major driver of innovation, may however be hit by 2030 compared to 1990 (the EU target by the same difficulties to raise funds from investors. To maintain date is 40 %). Now campaigners worry that the gov- a competitive business environment, it has been ernment will be backtracking. Initially expected this suggested that the UK may cut taxes, but this is like- year, the approval of the carbon budget is now said ly to upset European partners and make the Brexit to take place in 2017. With the departure from the negotiations even more difficult. Claudia Delpero

Where solar, storage and energy management connect THE NEC, BIRMINGHAM, UK | 4 – 6 October 2016 INSTALLER CENTRAL

INSTALLER INCORPORATING: CENTRAL Theatre

Theatre REGISTER cleanenergylive.co.uk NOW FOR FREE! To book a stand contact [email protected] Solar Edition REVIEW INTERNATIONAL EVENTS

the 52nd edition of the event, an International opportunity to share information and training relating to all of the innovations EUROSUN 2016 in construction, from site planning to the EVENTS October 11-14, 2016 maintenance and management of works. Palma, Spain Innovation and sustainability are the ISES, AEDES and the University of the motors behind the fair event that under- Balearic Islands are pleased to announce lines its role as the reference point for the the 2016 edition of EuroSun, the ISES sector, united and determined to change European solar energy congress. pace in order to respond to a market that CLEAN ENERGY LIVE EuroSun 2016 will be a unique plat- is undergoing a complete revolution October 4-6, 2016 form to discuss the latest developments Contact: BolognaFiere, Daniela Marmocchi, Birmingham, United Kingdom with leading solar energy specialists as Phone: 0039/051 282 856, daniela.marmocchi@ bolognafiere.it, www.saie.bolognafiere.it Evolving from Solar Energy UK’s previous well as policy makers and industry repre- energy+ brand and 6-years of continuous sentatives. The congress will host topic show growth, this year’s show heralds an sessions, keynote speakers, plenary ses- exciting new era where Solar Energy UK sions and open discussion forums, as well evolves into a broader exhibition – Clean as social events where you will have the Energy Live, opening up new market seg- opportunity to network, to meet old ments and bringing whole building energy friends and to make new contacts. solutions and centralised to distributed Contact: ISES, Phone: 0049/7614590650, energy to the mainstream. Solar and ener- [email protected], www.eurosun2016.org 5TH ANNUAL RENEWABLE ENERGY FINANCE gy professionals will discover the latest IN PRACTICE FORUM about how solar, energy storage and October 20-21, 2016 energy management connect, providing Vienna, Austria cost effective, low carbon solutions to the At the 5th Annual Renewable Energy benefit of commercial and residential Finance in Practice Forum, GLC provides end-users. space for building mutually beneficial Contact: Solarmedia, Sue Bradshaw, RENEXPO POLAND encounters for investors, representa- Phone: 0044/207 871 0122, October 19-21, 2016 tives of renewable energy companies [email protected], www.cleanenergylive.co.uk Warsaw, Poland and energy cooperatives who are look- Discussions on current issues, confe ing for funding opportunities, energy ex- rences, experts meetings and the presen- perts and the key decision-makers of the tation of the offers by nearly 120 exhibitors most important Regulatory Bodies. The – all of this will be present during the next event is also recommended for the edition of Renexpo Poland. The sixth edi- representatives of local municipalities, tion of the International Trade Fair for regional and governmental decision- WORLD OF ENERGY SOLUTIONS Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency makers looking for alternative ways of October 10-12, 2016 focuses on some of the main renewable financing renewable energy projects. Stuttgart, Germany energy sources of the country: photovoltaic, Contact: Global Leading Conferences, This year’s guiding themes of the inter biogas, hydropower, heat pumps, biofuels Phone: 0036/184 80 531, [email protected], www.glceurope.com/event/5th-annual-renewable- national conference and trade fair World and wood energy. It is not only a meeting energy-finance-in-practice-forum of Energy Solutions are the commercial place for decision makers presenting the application of efficient and clean battery, current energy issues, but much more; it hydrogen and fuel cell technologies in addresses the topics, problems and devel- industrial production, electric mobility opments of the energy of tomorrow. and intelligent urban and municipal Contact: REECO Poland, infrastructure. This year’s event will Phone: 0048/222 660 216, [email protected], www.renexpo-warsaw.com especially focus on smart system solutions for connected users. HOMER INTERNATIONAL MICROGRID Following the slogan “Let’s motivate the CONFERENCE market”, the trade fair World of Energy November 7-8, 2016 Solutions 2016 will present smart key New York City, United States technologies, market and financing Energy providers of all varieties are models, legal frameworks and best exploring the use of microgrids to in- practice cases. SAIE 2016 corporate renewable power resources, Contact: Peter Sauber Agentur Messen und Kongresse October 19-22, 2016 reduce CO2 emissions, and achieve GmbH, Ms. Julia Krägeloh, Bologna, Italy energy security and independence. The Phone: 0049/711 656960-56, [email protected], Professionals and industries from the remote, island, and off-grid systems www.world-of-energy-solutions.com/en/ world of construction are set to meet in sector is the largest microgrid segment Bologna from the 19th - 22nd October for worldwide, but the grid-connected

44 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 segment is exploding as the solar- and project opportunities, the side pro- utilities, and consulting companies. storage industry takes off, and the bene- grammes that are offered are connecting Beside the regular sessions the work- fits become increasingly cost effective. around 700 participants each year: both shop week is filled with a list of accom- After three highly successful conferences local and international experts from all panying events such as tutorials, poster in Mexico, Spain, and Australia, Homer over Europe are discussing the latest de- sessions, dinners and a study trip – Energy is hosting the 4th Annual Homer velopments, obstacles and finding practi- great opportunities for networking! Microgrid International Conference 2016 cal solutions in RES, EE and Environment. Contact: Energynautics GmbH, at Columbia University in New York City. Contact: REECO SRB, Myriam Dobrota, Phone: 0049/61 517 858 100, Phone: 0038/121 2101-045, [email protected], www. [email protected], Contact: Homer Energy, Phone: 001/720-565-4046, www.solarintegrationworkshop.org [email protected], renexpo-bih.com www.microgridconference.com

SOLAR ASSET MANAGEMENT EUROPE KEY ENERGY 2016 November 9-10, 2016 BGS SOLAR SUMMIT November 8-11, 2016 Milan, Italy November 14-15, 2016 Rimini, Italy For the fourth year in a row, Solar Asset Nice, France Ecomondo and Key Energy offer one of Management Europe will bring together France is on its way to become the next today’s biggest platforms for the entire leading investors, owners and service European solar energy leader and Mediterranean basin, with 1,200 exhibit- providers in the European PV industry, French companies are playing an active ing companies attracting over 100,000 dedicated to the operational phase of role in solar developments in solar visitors. The intended vision is that of the solar plants and portfolios. The event emerging markets. BGS Solar Summit circular economy, which involves the for- provides an unparalleled networking held in Nice is a world’s premier b2b mation of new interconnected industrial opportunity, as well as the best way to event with a strong focus on investment clusters as set out in the future invest- learn about innovations and best opportunities and pre-organized b2b- ment plans of the European Commission. practices for optimizing performance, meetings. Meet your targeting audience In this context, a new rationalization of management and financial returns of PV whether it is an institutional investor, exhibition areas is also taking shape, re- assets. It covers technical and financial owner, developer, EPC contractor or lated to Key Energy, whose interpretation topics, which range from battery storage service provider. Every meeting is pre- falls under the broad theme of climate and energy trading to the secondary scheduled and based on your company’s change presenting industrial solutions market. business interests, classified by region and even urban applications of energy Contact: Solarplaza, Stefano Cruccu, or segment. efficiency, renewable energy, mobility Phone: 0031/10 302 7903, [email protected], Contact: BGS Group, www.solarassetmanagementeu.com and sustainable cities. Phone: 0044/20 3769 3392, [email protected], www.bgs-solar.com Contact: RiminiFiera, Marco Cecchini, Phone: 0039/541 744-319, [email protected], en.keyenergy.it

6TH SOLAR INTEGRATION WORKSHOP November 14-15, 2016 Announce your events Vienna, Austria This international conference double in SUN & WIND ENERGY offers you the the field of large-scale integration of announcement of your fairs and RENEXPO BIH solar and wind power allows experts on conferences – up to date and free November 9-10, 2016 renewable energy solutions to review of charge. Just feel free to send us Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina and discuss recent advances in technol- your conference information regu- Renexpo BiH presents one of the most im- ogy and exchange ideas on how to joint- larly. In return we would appreciate portant platforms for gathering investors, ly tackle the challenges of the coming to provide you with free copies of decision makers, representatives of minis- years. It is the perfect platform for our international magazine for dis- tries and municipal authorities, as well as interdisciplinary thinking between tribution at your event. business leaders in renewable energy, industry and research and especially Please contact: Daniela Struck, energy efficiency and environmental designed for wind and solar generator e-mail: [email protected] sectors. Together with the introduction of manufacturers, universities and re- market potential in the region, investment search institutes, system operators and

Solar Edition 45 DIRECTORY > DIRECTORY Biomass / Biogas Mounting Systems GmbH Solarc Innovative Solarprodukte GmbH Manufacturer of mounting systems and components for Customized solar systems from very small up to large PV DIRECTOPhotovoltaic and SolarThermal power, including electronics development AUSTRIA D-15834 Rangsdorf, Mittenwalder Str. 9a Phone: +49/33708/529-0, Fax: 529-199 D-10999 Berlin, Glogauer Str. 21 SOLARFOCUS GmbH www.mounting-systems.de Phone: +49/30/3198554-00, Fax: 3198554-99 Research, development, production and distribution www.solarc.de, [email protected] Phaesun GmbH of high quality solar thermal collectors (sealed CPC), The Off-Grid Experts biomass boilers, storage technology and fresh water GERMANY technology Phaesun is the leading system integrator for Off-Grid solar systems A-4451 St. Ulrich/Steyr, Werkstr. 1 D-87700 Memmingen, Brühlweg 9 Steca Electronik GmbH Phone: +43/7252/50002-0 Phone: +49/8331/990420, Fax: 9904212 German manufacturer of controllers and inverters; www.solarfocus.eu, [email protected] www.phaesun.com, [email protected] sectors: PV- On- and Off-Grid, Solar thermal Renusol GmbH D-87700 Memmingen, Mammostr. 1 PELLETS – HEATING SYSTEMS Phone: +49/8331/8558-100, Fax +49/8331/8558-132 Solar Mounting Systems www.stecasolar.com, [email protected] AUSTRIA D-51063 Köln, Piccoloministrasse 2 Phone: +49/221/788707-0, Fax: 788707-99 Talesun Solar Germany GmbH www.renusol.com, [email protected] Biotech Energietechnik GMBH 80339 München, Landsberger Str. 110 Pellet and wood chips heating facilities, SCHMID Group|Gebr. SCHMID GmbH Phone: +49/89/1891770, Fax: +49/89/189177499 feeding systems and autom. feeding systems Process equipment and turnkey lines www.talesun-eu.com, [email protected] for pellet stoves For the production of wafer, cells, Universal Energy Engineering GmbH A-5101 Bergheim, Furtmühlstr. 32 modules and thin film application. Phone: +43/662/454072-0, Fax: 454072-50 D-72250 Freudenstadt, Robert-Bosch-Str. 32-36 Modules, Inverters, Customized Packages, Phone: +49/7441/538-0, Fax: 538-121 www.pelletsword.com, [email protected] Development Roof and Greenland www.schmid-group.com, [email protected] D-09119 Chemnitz, Neefestr. 82 Phone: +49/371/9098590, Fax: +49/371/90985919 skytron® energy GmbH www.universal-energy.de, [email protected] Measurement Technology Complete Monitoring, Control and Supervision System ZIMMERMANN PV-Stahlbau GmbH&Co.KG for utility-scale photovoltaic installations D-12489 Berlin, Ernst-Augustin-Straße 12 producer for open area solar mounting frames GERMANY Phone: +49/30/6883159-0, Fax: +49/30/6883159-99 88436 Oberessendorf, Petrusstr. 1 www.skytron-energy.com, [email protected] Phone: +49/7355 9330 0, www.pv-stahlbau.de Ammonit Measurement GmbH Data loggers, measurement systems for wind and solar resource assessment, online monitoring software D-10997 Berlin, Wrangelstrasse 100 Phone: + 49/30/6003188-0, Fax: -10 www.ammonit.com, [email protected]

Photovoltaics

GERMANY

AXITEC GmbH High quality german solar company. In the market since 2001. Pioneer in 10 years product warranty and plus tolerances. D-71034 Böblingen, Otto-Lilienthal-Straße 5 Phone: +49/7031/6288-5186, Fax: +49/7031/6289-5187 www.axitecsolar.com, [email protected] Heraeus Materials Technology Thin Film Materials Division Heraeus TMD supplies the complete package of sputtering targets for various types of solar cells. D-63450 Hanau, Wilhelm-Rohn-Str. 25 Phone: +49/6181/35-2229, Fax: +49/6181/35-2220 www.heraeus-targets.com, [email protected] IBC SOLAR AG A leading international energy company, which provides high-performance system solutions in every size and for every application with intelligent photovoltaic systems. 96231 Bad Staffelstein, Am Hochgericht 10 Phone: +49/9573-9224-0 www.ibc-solar.com, [email protected]

46 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 GREAT BRITAIN GERMANY Talesun Solar Germany GmbH 80339 München, Landsberger Str. 110 Hi-Bond Tapes Ltd. Delta Energy Systems (Germany) GmbH Phone: +49/89/1891770, Fax: +49/89/189177499 High Performance Tapes for frame Delta Energy Systems has been investing in the www.talesun-eu.com, [email protected] bonding, junction box mounting cell research and development of solar inverter products at its German location since 1999. fixing and conductive tapes JORDAN UK-NN17 5TS, Corby, Northamptonshire The result of this is something to be proud of - reliable solar inverters with high efficiencies 1, Crucible Road Phoenix Parkway HANANIA Energy and state-of-the-art high-frequency topology. Phone: +44/1536/260022, Fax: +44/1536/260044 D-79331 Teningen, Tscheulinstr. 21 Manufacturer of Solar Thermal Systems and Solar PV www.hi-bondtapes.com, [email protected] Phone: +49/7641 455 0, Fax: +49/7641 455 318 165, King Abdullah II Street www.solar-inverter.com, P.O. Box 2858 Amman 11181 Jordan [email protected] Phone: +962/6 533 3003 ITALY Fax: +962/6 533 3178 www.hanania.jo SUNERG SOLAR Srl ITALY [email protected] Producer PV MODULES / SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTORS and complete systems SielSpa Philadelphia Solar DIRECTO distribution from 1978. SIEL is one of the world leaders in the production Clean Renewable Energy Solution I-06012, Cittá di Castello (PG), via D.Donini 51 and maintenance of PV solar inverters. The FIRST Photovoltaic Modules Phone: +39/075/8540018, Fax: +39/075/8648105 I-20060 TREZZANO, VIA 1° MAGGIO, 25 Producer in JORDAN www.sunergsolar.com, [email protected] Phone: +39/02/909861, Fax: +39/02/90968490 JO-11814, Amman, Airport St.-Al Qastal Industr.Area www.sielups.com, [email protected] Phone: +962/6/471/6601, Fax: +962/6/471/6602 TAIWAN www.philadelphia-solar.com, Bonfiglioli Riduttori S.p.A. [email protected] RITEK Solar Specialists in large and utility scale PV power plants An expert manufacturer of PV-Modules from Polycrystal- Via Giovanni XXIII, 7/A PV – CRYSTALLINE MODULES line, Mono-crystalline, to BIPV certificated by TÜV, UL, 40012 Lippo di Calderara (Italy) CEC, and MCS. Phone: +39 051 647311 No 42, Kuan-Fu N. Rd., Hsin Chu Industrial Park, 30351, www.bonfiglioli.com GERMANY Hsinchu, Taiwan Phone: +886/03/598-7298 #4013 Talesun Solar Germany GmbH Fax +886/03/599-8449 PV – LAMINATION 80339 München, Landsberger Str. 110 www.riteksolar.com, [email protected] Phone: +49/89/1891770, Fax: +49/89/189177499 GREAT BRITAIN www.talesun-eu.com, [email protected] USA J-Flex Rubber Products INDIA Morningstar Corporation Established for over 30 years The World’s Leading Solar Controllers and Inverters J-Flex offer high-performance membranes Evergreen Solar Systems India Pvt Ltd 8 Pheasant Run for Solar/PV module lamination machines. Manufacturer of high efficiency Solar Photovoltaic Newtown, PA 18940 Unit 1&2, London Rd Business Park, UK- DN22 6HG Retford Modules and EPC contractor of Solar Power Projects Phone: +1/215/321-4457, Fax: 321-4458 Phone: +44/1777 712400, Fax: +44/1777 712409 IND-641017 Coimbatore www.morningstarcorp.com www.j-flex.co.uk, [email protected] Sulochana Mills Campus, [email protected] Mettupalayam Road, Vadamadurai, Phone: +91422/2642564, Fax: +91422/2642830 PV – MODULES www.evergreensolar.in PV – CONNECTOR SYSTEMS GERMANY PV – MONITORING SWITZERLAND BayWa r.e. Solar Energy Systems GmbH BELGIUM Multi-Contact AG Provider of high quality photovoltaic components from sales to service including modules, inverters, pv-storage 3E (SynaptiQ) PV connector systems manufacturer: solutions and mounting systems SynaptiQ is a universal PV monitoring and reporting connectors MC3 & MC4, cables, junction boxes, custom D-72072 Tübingen, Eisenbahnstr. 150 solutions software platform, developed by the technical Phone: +49/7071/98987-0, Fax: +49/7071/98987-10 consultancy: 3E CH-4123 Allschwil, Stockbrunnenrain 8 [email protected] Phone: +41/61/306 55 55, Fax: +41/61/306 55 56 Offices in Belgium, France, UK, Italy, www.baywa-re.com www.multi-contact.com, [email protected] South Africa and China http://solarenergysystems.baywa-re.com Phone: +32 2 217 58 68, www.3E.eu/synaptiq

PV – INVERTERS AUSTRALIA

Selectronic Australia Pty Ltd Designer and manufacturer of high quality interactive inverter chargers Off Grid, Grid Support, Grid Backup 3kW-54kW Chirnside Park VIC 3116, Suite 5, 20 Fletcher Rd Phone: +61/3/9727/6600, Fax: +61/3/9727/6601 www.selectronic.com.au, [email protected] AUSTRIA Fronius International GmbH International quality leader and manufacturer of grid-connected inverters for PV-Systems. A-4600 Wels, Froniusplatz 1 Phone: +43/7242/241-0 www.fronius.com, [email protected]

DENMARK

Danfoss Solar Inverters A/S DK-6300, Graasten, Ulsnaes 1 Phone: +45/7488/1300, Fax: +45/7488/1301 www.danfoss.com/solar, [email protected]

Solar Edition 47 DIRECTORY

FRANCE PV – WIRE + CABLE Almeco GmbH QOS Energy TiNOX energy® Selective absorber surfaces – GERMANY vega energy® Reflective surfaces for solar energy con- QOS Energy is a leading renewable energy performance centration systems management solution. 100 % Hardware independent and HELUKABEL GmbH D-06406 Bernburg, Claude Breda Strasse 3 flexible. Cable & Accessories for photovoltaic Phone: +49/3471/34655 00, Fax: +49/3471/34655 09 16 rue de Bretagne installations and for Wind Turbines www.almecosolar.com, [email protected] F 44240 LA CHAPELLE SUR ERDRE D-71282 Hemmingen, Dieselstr. 8-12 & Gebäude 4 office 356 Landshuterstrasse 26 Phone: +49/7150/9209-0, Fax: +49/7150/81786 CitrinSolar GmbH D 85716 Unterschleißheim www.helukabel.de, [email protected] Phone France: +33/2 51 89 46 00 Energie- und Umwelttechnik Phone Germany: + 49/8136-4077785 D-85368 Moosburg, Böhmerwaldstr. 32 www.qosenergy.com Phone: +49/8761/3340-0, Fax: 3340-40 Solar thermal systems www.citrinsolar.com, [email protected] GERMANY Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH AUSTRIA Antifrogen-Heat Transfer Fluids for Solare Datensysteme GmbH Solar Thermal Systems Monitoring, Feed-in Management, Smart Energy SOLARFOCUS GmbH D-84504 Burgkirchen, Werk Gendorf D-72351 Geislingen-Binsdorf, Fuhrmannstraße 9 Research, development, production and distribution Phone: +49/8679/7-2272, Fax: +49/8679/7-5085 Phone: +49/7428/9418-200, Fax: +49/7428/9418-280 of high quality solar thermal collectors (sealed CPC), www.antifrogen.com www.solar-log.com, [email protected] biomass boilers, storage technology and fresh water Consolar GmbH technology PV – MOUNTING SYSTEMS A-4451 St. Ulrich/Steyr, Werkstr. 1 Hocheffiziente Solaranlagen, Solare Wärmepumpen, Röh- Phone: +43/7252/50002-0 renkollektoren, Kombisysteme, Internet-Systemregler www.solarfocus.eu, [email protected] D-79539 Lörrach, Gewerbestrasse 7 BELGIUM Phone: +49/7621/42228-30, Fax: 42228-31 Technische Alternative www.consolar.de, [email protected] voestalpine Sadef nv Elektron. Steuerungsgeräte GmbH Design and manufacturing of steel structures for PV KBB Kollektorbau GmbH Solar-, Heizungs- und Wintergartenregler Bruggesteenweg 200 A-3872 Amaliendorf, Langestr. 124 Flat plate collectors and full surface absorbers 8830 Gits, Belgium Phone: +43/2862/53635, Fax: 536357 (copper and aluminium) Phone: +32/51/261 211, Fax: +32/51/261 301 www.ta.co.at, [email protected] D-12439 Berlin, Bruno-Bürgel-Weg 142-144 [email protected], www.voestalpine.com/sadef Phone: +49/30/6781789-10, Fax: 6781789-55 TiSUN® www.kbb-solar.com, [email protected] GREAT BRITAIN Development + production of solar-collectors (in-roof, on-roof, facade-integrated, free-setting up), OVENTROP GmbH & Co. KG Valves, controls and systems Hi-Bond Tapes Ltd. storage tanks, solar-boiler, solar fittings A-6306 Söll Solar Thermal Energy High Performance Tapes for frame Phone: +43/5333/201-0, Fax: 201-100 D-59939 Olsberg, Paul-Oventrop-Straße 1 bonding, junction box mounting cell www.tisun.com, [email protected] Phone: +49/2962/82-0, Fax: 82-400 fixing and conductive tapes www.oventrop.de, [email protected] UK-NN17 5TS, Corby, Northamptonshire 1, Crucible Road Phoenix Parkway proKühlsole GmbH Phone: +44/1536/260022, Fax: +44/1536/260044 BULGARIA Solar Thermal Systems, Solarfluids, Liquid Heat Carrier, www.hi-bondtapes.com, [email protected] D-52353 Düren, Am Langen Graben 37 NOBEL INTERNATIONAL EAD Phone: +49/2421/59196-0, Fax: +49/2421/59196-10 Solar Water Heating Systems industry www.pekasolar.de, [email protected] USA 48 Vitosha Blvd, the Town of Elin Pelin 2100, Johnson Bros. Metal Forming Co. Elin Pelin Municipality, Sofia Regionl, Bulgaria PROZEDA GmbH Phone: 0035/924210232 Manufacturer of controllers for solar thermal, freshwater, Custom shapes for Solar Panels www.nobel.bg, [email protected] heating, heating pumps and air handling systems USA-60163 Berkeley IL, 5520 McDermott Drive 91330 Eggolsheim, In der Büg 5 Phone: +1/708/449-7050, Fax: +1/708/449-0042 Phone: +49/9191/6166-0, Fax: 6166-22 www.JohnsonRollForming.com, [email protected] GERMANY www.prozeda.de, [email protected] Ritter Energie und Umwelttechnik PV – SUPPLIERS ALANOD GmbH & Co. KG eta plus® (copper/ aluminium) and mirotherm® GmbH & Co. KG Development, production and distributing of GERMANY (aluminium) with a selective PVD absorptive layer. ecological energy systems mirosol® TS with a selective absorptive lacquer. KREMPEL-GROUP D-72135 Dettenhausen, Kuchenäcker 2 MIRO-SUN® for weatherproof solar applications. AKASOL® Weather-resistant backsheet Phone: +49/7157/5359-1200, Fax: 5359-1209 D-58256 Ennepetal, Egerstr. 12 for PV modules. With fluoropolymer films www.ritter-gruppe.com, [email protected] Phone: +49/2333/986-500, Fax: 986-525 KYNAR® or TEDLAR® www.alanod-solar.com, [email protected] D-71665 Vaihingen/Enz, Papierfabrikstr. 4 SOREL GmbH Mikroelektronik Phone: +49/7042/915-0, Fax: +49/7042/15985 Manufacturer of Solar and Heating Controllers www.krempel-group.com, [email protected] and Pump Groups with integrated TDC-Controller D-45549 Sprockhövel, Jahnstr. 36 Phone: +49/2339/6024, Fax: 6025 www.sorel.de, [email protected]

Steca Electronik GmbH German manufacturer of controllers and inverters; sectors: PV- On- and Off-Grid, Solar thermal D-87700 Memmingen, Mammostr. 1 Phone: +49-(0)8331-8558-100, Fax: +49-(0)8331-8558-132 www.stecasolar.com, [email protected]

TYFOROP Chemie GmbH Heat-Transfer Fluids D-20537 Hamburg, Anton-Rée-Weg 7 Phone: +49/40/209497-0, Fax: +49/40/209497-20 www.tyfo.de, [email protected] WATER WAY Engineering GmbH Pipework systems for solar installations with flexible stainless steel or copper tubes / collector connectors D-47441 Moers, Baerler Str. 100 Phone: +49/2481/88320-0, Fax: 88320-20 www.waterwaygmbh.de, [email protected]

48 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 GREECE SPAIN STS – POOL HEATING

SOLE S.A. SONDER REGULACIÓN S.A. JORDAN Solar Water Heaters and Collectors Manufacturers E-08191 Rubi, Avda. La Llana, 93; P.I. La Llana GR-13671 Acharnai - Athens Phone: +34/93588-4211, Fax: 93588-4994 HANANIA Energy Lefktron Str. and Laikon Agonon Str. www.sonder.es Phone: +30/210/2389500, Fax: 2389502 Manufacturer of Solar Thermal Systems and Solar PV www.eurostar-solar.com, [email protected] SWITZERLAND 165, King Abdullah II Street P.O. Box 2858 Amman 11181 Jordan ISRAEL TACONOVA GROUP AG Phone: +962/6 533-3003, Fax: +962/6 533-3178 DAGAN MACHINE ENGINEERING TACONOVA GROUP AG produces quality valves and www.hanania.jo, [email protected] Manufacture of machines for complete systems for balancing, regulating, mixing, venting, absorber production line. underfloor and solar heating systems USA Tube punching and customized machines CH-8902 Urdorf, Steinackerstr. 6 IL-53211 Givatayim, 20, K.Joseph st. Phone: +41/4473555-55, Fax: +44/73555-02 Aquatherm Industries, Inc. Phone: +972/544/324418, www.dagan-machine.com www.taconova.com, [email protected] Manufacturer of polymer unglazed flat plate solar ITALY thermal collectors for low-temperature solar water STS – FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS heating applications (swimming pool, industrial CMG Solari Srl process). Registered ISO 9001, certified IAPMO USEC. PATENTED special solar thermal system TURKEY with condensation heat transfering. 1940 Rutgers University Blvd. Manufacturer of absorbers, flat plate Baymak BDR Thermea USA, 08701, Lakewood, New Jersey collectors and complete systems. Phone: +1/7329059-002, Fax: +1/7329059-899 I-73040 Melissano (LE), C. da Vore – Zona Ind.le Manufacturer of laser welded solar thermal forced darf Phone: +39/0833581428, Fax: +39/0833581428 systems, Solar thermo-siphon water heaters, Storage www.aquathermsolar.com, [email protected] www.cmgsolari.it, [email protected] tanks, Biomass/Oil/Gas Boilers and Expansion tanks. Exporting over 50 countries. JORDAN Tepeoren Mevkii Orhanli Beldesi, Akdeniz Sokak No 8 STS – VACUUM TUBE TR-34989 Istanbul COLLECTORS HANANIA Energy Phone: +90/216/5816500, Fax: 90/216/3041964 Manufacturer of Solar Thermal Systems and Solar PV www.baymak.com, [email protected] 165, King Abdullah II Street USA P.O. Box 2858 Amman 11181 Jordan Phone: +962/6 533 3003, Fax: +962/6 533 3178 USA Apricus Inc. www.hanania.jo [email protected] Apricus Inc. Apricus is a global company focused on providing simple and effective solar hot water solutions for Apricus is a global company focused on providing POLAND simple and effective solar hot water solutions for families and businesses. All Apricus products are designed and manufactured in compliance with HEWALEX families and businesses. All Apricus products are desig- ISO9001:2008 management and international produc- Flat plate, vacuum tube collectors ned and manufactured in compliance with IS09001:2008 tion standards. and solar systems production management and international production standards. PL-43-502 Czechowice-Dziedzice, Slowackiego 33 USA-06405 Branford CT, 6 Sycamore Way, Unit 2, USA-06405 Branford CT, 6 Sycamore Way, Unit 2, Phone: +48/32/214-1710, Fax: +48/32/214-5004 Phone: +1/203 488-8215, Fax: +1/203 488-8572 Phone: +1/203/488 8215, Fax: +1/203/488 8572 www.hewalex.pl, [email protected] www.apricus.com, [email protected] www.apricus.com, [email protected]

COMPANY DIRECTORY SUN & WIND ENERGY ✃ I would like you to enter our company in the directory of SUN online entry included & WIND ENERGY. I will get the entry in one category for only € My Entry: www.sunwindenergy.com 114. It includes eight lines with each 36 characters: one line Company name:______for the company name, up to three lines for the company description Description: ______and four lines for the address. Each additional line costs € 30. If the entry is to be highlighted ______with a coloured background, this costs an additional € 95. For another € 65 you can also publish your logo online. The order is valid for six issues of SUN & WIND ENERGY - The Solar Edition ______If I order supplementary entries, e.g. for international subsidiaries or different categories, I will Address get the following discounts: 2 to 5 entries: 10% discount, 6 or more entries: 20% discount (Country, Zip-Code______All orders are invoiced in Euros. The order is automatically extended for further six issues if no City, State, Street): ______written cancellation is received by BVA – Bielefelder Verlag. Phone, Fax: ______❑ I would like my entry to be highlighted with a coloured background. E-mail, Web: ______❑ I would like to subscribe SUN & WIND ENERGY - The Solar Edition with 50% discount for directory-clients (€42 instead of € 84 including shipping costs).

Our company should be listed in the ❑ Mounting systems ❑ Solar tanks and boilers following categories: ❑ Process & Quality ❑ Thermosiphon ❑ Biomass/Biogas ❑ Silicon, ingots, wafers and cells ❑ Vacuum tubes ❑ Biofuels ❑ Solar glass ❑ Vacuum tube collectors ❑ Biogas ❑ Suppliers ❑ Wholesalers ❑ Pellets ❑ Tracking systems ❑ Wind Energy ❑ Production ❑ Wholesalers ❑ Banks & Insurance companies ❑ Heating systems ❑ Wire + cable ❑ Engineering offices ❑ Co-generation Plants ❑ Solar Thermal Systems ❑ International project developers ❑ Financing Institutions ❑ Absorbers ❑ Measurement technology ❑ Photovoltaics ❑ Coatings ❑ Offshore ❑ BIPV ❑ Control units ❑ Operation management ❑ Connector systems ❑ Flat plate collectors ❑ Research & Development ❑ International project developers ❑ International project developers ❑ Service & Maintenance ❑ Inverters ❑ Pool heating ❑ Suppliers ❑ Modules ❑ Pre-insulated pipe systems ❑ Turbine manufacturers ❑ Crystalline modules ❑ Solar cooling ❑ General ❑ Thin-film modules ❑ Solar glass ❑ Manufacturing Equipment ❑ Solar liquids Date: ______Please send your order to: BVA – Bielefelder Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, SUN & WIND ENERGY, Signature: ______Kerstin Haase-Darlath, Advertising Department, Niederwall 53, 33602 Bielefeld, Germany, phone +49/521/595591, fax +49/521/595556, VAT ID number: ______(for EU-companies) [email protected], www.sunwindenergy.com Solar Edition PREVIEW

S&WE Solar Edition 6/2016 will be published on Nov. 11th

The solar ediTion IMPRINT The upcoming S&WE – The Solar Edition will take a closer look at another Publishing company: year of global development of the industry. For the fourth time in a row BVA Bielefelder Verlag GmbH & Co. KG we present our World Map of the PV industry – a unique data source for Richard Kaselowsky Niederwall 53, 33602 Bielefeld, Germany the global PV module industry. Publisher: Prof. Dr. Bernhard von Schubert Editors: Dr. Volker Buddensiek (responsible), Vigorous development E-mail: [email protected] Silke Funke, Phone: +49/521/59 55 69, New and financially strong players, E-mail: [email protected] Ralf Ossenbrink, Phone: +49/521/59 55 13, ever decreasing prices, complete pack- E-mail: [email protected] ages that include PV systems: Many Tanja Peschel, Phone: +49/521/59 55 02, E-mail: [email protected] suppliers are very active and resource- ful when it comes to invigorating the Freelance authors: market for storage systems. S&WE Eva Augsten, Joachim Berner, Elizabeth Block, Germana Canzi, Christian Dany, Claudia Delpero, looks back on a year of vigorous Martin Frey, Jörn Iken, Anja Limperis, Jaideep development. N. Malaviya, Chris Meehan, Jens-Peter Meyer, Hans-Christoph Neidlein, Ina Röpcke, Torsten

PHOTOVOLTAICS Thomas

Advertising: International contact: Stefanie Schwarz, Phone: +49/5 21/59 55 75 High power PV E-mail: [email protected] German contact: modules Christine Michalsky, Phone: +49/5 21/59 55 25 E-mail: [email protected] An increasing number of module Christiane Diekmann, Phone: +49/5 21/59 55 47 E-mail: [email protected] manufacturers is entering this Kerstin Haase-Darlath, Phone: +49/521/59 55 91 market segment. In our market E-mail: [email protected] overview we list producers and Fax: +49/5 21/59 55 56 Advertising sales Italy: modules that have been intro- Quaini Pubblicità, Graziella Quaini duced to customers in 2016 and Phone: +39/02/39216180; Fax: + 39/02/39217082 outline their most important E-mail: [email protected] features. Advertising sales USA: Avani Media, Inc., Leslie Hallanan PHOTOVOLTAICS Phone: +1/415/3312150 ; Fax: + 1/415/3312151 E-mail: [email protected] Customer Service: Phone: +49/221/25 87 173, Protection against Fax: +49/221/25 87 249 E-mail: [email protected] stagnation damage Layout: Bernd Schulte zur Wißen, Virginie Béclu, DSV Deutscher Sportverlag GmbH, Cologne, Germany Isn’t it better to let sleeping dogs lie, Print: Dierichs Druck + Media GmbH & Co. KG, rather than worry potential buyers Frankfurter Str. 168, 34121 Kassel, Germany with a subject which can reasonably SUN & WIND ENERGY The Solar Edition is an be expected to remain irrelevant for independent journal published six times a year. Subscription costs for printed edition € 84 per year the vast majority of customers? (incl. postage), e-paper edition € 31.90.

SOLAR THERMAL SOLAR Period of cancellation: six weeks before the end of the respective subscription period. Otherwise the subscription will automatically be extended by another year. Material in this publication may not be reproduced, reprinted or stored in any form without the publisher’s written permission. Solar thermal Websites: world market www.sunwindenergy.com The hottest spots in the global solar thermal industry are the production lines for vacuum collectors. Sadly – anything else in the solar thermal business is far from becoming over-heated. SOLAR THERMAL SOLAR

50 Sun & Wind Energy 5/2016 Be found in the SUN & WIND ENERGY company directory – print & online

Rates – print and online: Entry in company directory EUR 114,- 8 lines à 36 characters, 1 category Additional category EUR 114,- Additional line EUR 30,- Coloured background EUR 95,- Logo online EUR 65,-

The order applies to 6 issues of SUN & WIND ENERGY and is valid until further notice.

You will find an order form for your entry in the middle of the company directory of this issue. Or send your entry to Kerstin Haase: [email protected] / Perfect Welding / Solar Energy / Perfect Charging

THE FUTURE LIES NOT IN OUR STARS, BUT IN OUR SUN. WE ARE DEVELOPING THE SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES OF THE FUTURE.

/ We believe in a future where humankind covers 100% of our energy requirements from renewa- 24HRS ble sources: a world of 24 hours of sun. Solar energy plays a key role in this world - both day and SUN night, summer and winter. This future is already fast approaching as more and more people are converting to solar. To drive this major change forward we are developing technologies that help www.24hoursofsun.com make solar the cornerstone of our future energy systems. Visit www.fronius.com

SE_AD_Stars_Solar_Technologies_EN_72220_1.indd 1 09.05.2016 14:58:10