DOCSLIB.ORG

Attraction of Male Prionoxystus Piger (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) to Isomers of 3,5-Tetradecadien-1-Ol Acetate

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Attraction of Male Prionoxystus Piger (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) to Isomers of 3,5-Tetradecadien-1-Ol Acetate Attraction of Male Prionoxystus piger (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) to Isomers of 3,5-Tetradecadien- 1-ol Acetate Author(s): P. J. Landolt, J. D. Solomon and R. E. Doolittle Source: The Florida Entomologist, Vol. 68, No. 1 (Mar., 1985), pp. 228-230 Published by: Florida Entomological Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3494352 . Accessed: 12/06/2014 20:42 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Florida Entomological Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Florida Entomologist. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 185.44.78.129 on Thu, 12 Jun 2014 20:42:00 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 228 Florida Entomologist 68(1) March, 1985 Dr. Stary has confirmed the identification of specimens reared from Aphis gossypii on cotton, from Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch from sorghum, and Aphis crassivora Kock from Gliricidia sepium. The hyperparasite Pachy- neuron aphidis Bouche (det. B. P. Subba Rao, Commonwealth Institute of Entomology), also emerged from the same collections of mummified aphids on Ixora, cotton and Glyricidia. Mummified aphids parasitised by A. mali are small and often located away from colonies of live aphids and could have been overlooked by previous investigators. However, mummies of L. testacipes are readily noted and not easily overlooked. Therefore, prior to 1977, this parasite was absent or ex- tremely scarce in Trinidad. As fresh vegetables have been imported in increased quantities from the USA and elsewhere in the Caribbean over the past two decades, it is probable that L. testacipes and its hyperparasite gained entry into Trinidad by this route. Its abundance since 1969 fits the view that it was absent during earlier investigations. REFERENCES CITED KIRKPATRICK, T. W. 1954. Notes on Pseudendaphis maculans Barnes, a cecidomyiid endoparasite of aphids in Trinidad, BWI. Bull. Ent. Res. 45: 777-781. KIRKPATRICK, T. W. 1955. Notes on minor pests of cocao in Trinidad Part 3. Aphididae. Rep. Cacao Res. Trinidad 1954, pp. 56-57. St. Augustine, Trinidad. TAYLOR, D. J. 1952. A survey of the predaceous Syrphidae of the St. Augustine district. D.T.A. Thesis (unpublished). Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad. ATTRACTION OF MALE PRIONOXYSTUS PIGER (LEPIDOPTERA: COSSIDAE) TO ISOMERS OF 3,5-TETRADECADIEN-1-OL ACETATE P. J. LANDOLT Insect Attractants, Behavior, and Basic Biology Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture Gainesville, Florida 32604 J. D. SOLOMON USDA Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, P. 0. Box 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 AND R. E. DOOLITTLE Insect Attractants, Behavior, and Basic Biology Research Laboratory, Gainesville, Florida 32604 Prionoxystus piger (Grote) (=P. baccharidis Clarke) is a little-known cossid moth with a limited distribution in Florida and Cuba (Clarke 1952, Grote 1865). The larvae are borers in the main stem of Baccharis sp. Al- though a close relative of the carpenterworm (Prionoxystus robiniae [Peck]), an economic hardwood pest, P. piger is of little economic importance. Doo- This content downloaded from 185.44.78.129 on Thu, 12 Jun 2014 20:42:00 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Scientific Notes 229 little et al. (1976) demonstrated attraction of male carpenterworm (P. robiniae) moths to (Z,E)-3,5-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate (TDDA) and sug- gested that it may be a component of the sex pheromone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate any attraction of P. piger to isomers of TDDA. Trapping tests were begun shortly after pupae were found 17 February 1983, in eastern baccharis shrubs (Baccharis halimifolia L.). Isomers of TDDA, synthesized by Doolittle et al. (1976), were formulated in hexane in 7 mg/10-ml batches with 70 mg Sustane -6? (antioxidant) added. Isomeric purity was determined by gas chromatographic analysis, using a 19-m capillary column coated with 0.2% cholesteryl-p-chlorocinnamate and op- erated at 170?C at a linear flow rate of 18 cm/sec of helium. No detectable amount of other isomers was found in samples of Z,E- or E,Z-TDDA. Samples of E,E-TDDA contained ca. 2% each of the Z,E and E,Z isomers. (Z,Z)-3,5-Tetradecadien-1-ol acetate samples contained less than 1% of the Z,E and E,Z isomers. Cotton dental wicks used as dispensers were loaded with 250,I (437.5 jig) TDDA per wick. Treated wicks were positioned in the center of the sticky-coated bottom liners of Pherocon? 1C traps placed in the field. Tests comparing moth attraction to the 4 isomers of TDDA were set up in a randomized complete block design on 22 February 1983. Four blocks were set up in a north-south line along a roadway in Dade Co. Florida, east of Cutler Ridge in an extensive area of B. halimifolia. Each block consisted of an unbaited control trap and traps baited with each of the 4 TDDA isomers. On 3 March (3 days after trap catches had dropped to zero), the test was repeated with new traps (rerandomized) and newly baited wicks. This provided a total of 8 treatment replicates. Within-block traps were positioned 15 to 20 m apart and were placed at heights of 1.5 to 2 m in B. hatlimifolia shrubs. Traps were serviced every other day. Male P. piger were caught in traps baited with each of the 4 isomers of TDDA (Table 1). Catches of P. piger in Z,E-TDDA-baited traps were sig- nificantly greater than in all others (p <0.01) (Table 1). The possible attraction of male P. piger to all 4 isomers is unlike male P. robiniae, which is not attracted to the E,E, Z,Z, or E,Z isomer of TDDA (Doolittle et al. 1976). However, both species are attracted strongly to the Z,E isomer. This is the first report of a sex attractant for male P. piger. After Clark (1952) this is only the second account of the species in the United States. TABLE 1. AVERAGE CATCHES OF MALE Prionoxystus piger IN PHEROCON 1C TRAPS BAITED WITH ISOMERS OF 3,5-TETRADECADIEN-1- OL ACETATE. DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA, FEBRUARY-MARCH 1983. Treatment Mean 4 Sxa Z,E-TDDA 10.4 + 3.5 a Z,Z-TDDA 1.8 4 2.3 b E,E-TDDA 1.8 + 2.2 b E,Z-TDDA 1.2 + 1.7 b Control (untreated) 0.0 ? 0.0 b aMeans followed by same letter do not differ significantly at p <0.01, Duncan's new mul- tiple range test. This content downloaded from 185.44.78.129 on Thu, 12 Jun 2014 20:42:00 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 230 Florida Entomologist 68(1) March, 1985 We are grateful to D. M. Weisman and R. W. Hodges, Systematic En- tomology Laboratory, USDA, Washington, DC, for identifying the larvae collected in tunnels in Baccharis shrubs and for confirming the identification of trapped moths. (Mention of a commercial or proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement by the USDA.) REFERENCES CITED CLARKE,J. F. G. 1952. A new carpenterworm from Florida (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). J. Washington Acad. Sci. 42: 156-8. DOOLITTLE, R. E., W. L. ROELOFS, J. D. SOLOMON, R. T. CARDE, AND M. BEROZA. 1976. (Z,E)-3,5-Tetradecadien-1-ol acetate, sex attract- ant for the carpenterworm moth, Prionoxystus robiniae (Peck) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). J. Chem. Ecol. 2: 399-410. GROTE, A. R. 1865. Notes on the Bombycidae of Cuba. Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia. 5: 227-255. This content downloaded from 185.44.78.129 on Thu, 12 Jun 2014 20:42:00 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Kemi-Riskline
    1998:4 The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals 122. Dichlorobenzenes Eivor Elovaara Nordic Council of Ministers arbete och hälsa vetenskaplig skriftserie ISBN 91–7045–460–4 ISSN 0346–7821 http://www.niwl.se/ah/ah.htm National Institute for Working Life National Institute for Working Life The National Institute for Working Life is Sweden's center for research and development on labour market, working life and work environment. Diffusion of infor- mation, training and teaching, local development and international collaboration are other important issues for the Institute. The R&D competence will be found in the following areas: Labour market and labour legislation, work organization and production technology, psychosocial working conditions, occupational medicine, allergy, effects on the nervous system, ergonomics, work environment technology and musculoskeletal disorders, chemical hazards and toxicology. A total of about 470 people work at the Institute, around 370 with research and development. The Institute’s staff includes 32 professors and in total 122 persons with a postdoctoral degree. The National Institute for Working Life has a large international collaboration in R&D, including a number of projects within the EC Framework Programme for Research and Technology Development. ARBETE OCH HÄLSA Redaktör: Anders Kjellberg Redaktionskommitté: Anders Colmsjö och Ewa Wigaeus Hjelm © Arbetslivsinstitutet & författarna 1998 Arbetslivsinstitutet, 171 84 Solna, Sverige ISBN 91–7045–460–4 ISSN 0346-7821 Tryckt hos CM Gruppen Preface The Nordic Council is an intergovernmental collaborative body for the five countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. One of the committees, the Nordic Senior Executive Committee for Occupational Environmental Matters, initiated a project in order to produce criteria documents to be used by the regulatory authorities in the Nordic countries as a scientific basis for the setting of national occupational exposure limits.
    [Show full text]
  • Moths of the Douglas Lake Region (Emmet and Cheboygan Counties), Michigan: VI
    The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 35 Number 1 - Spring/Summer 2002 Number 1 - Article 10 Spring/Summer 2002 April 2002 Moths of the Douglas Lake Region (Emmet and Cheboygan Counties), Michigan: VI. Miscellaneous Small Families (Lepidoptera) Edward G. Voss University of Michigan Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Voss, Edward G. 2002. "Moths of the Douglas Lake Region (Emmet and Cheboygan Counties), Michigan: VI. Miscellaneous Small Families (Lepidoptera)," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 35 (1) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol35/iss1/10 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Voss: Moths of the Douglas Lake Region (Emmet and Cheboygan Counties), 2002 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 53 MOTHS OF THE DOUGLAS LAKE REGION (EMMET AND CHEBOYGAN COUNTIES), MICHIGAN: VI. MISCELLANEOUS SMALL FAMILIES (LEPIDOPTERA) Edward G. Voss1 ABSTRACT Forty-seven species in nine families of Lepidoptera (Hepialidae, Psychidae, Alucitidae, Sesiidae, Cossidae, Limacodidae, Thyrididae, Pterophoridae, Epiplemi- dae) are listed with earliest and latest recorded flight dates in Emmet and Cheboy- gan counties, which share the northern tip of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. The records are from the principal institutional and private collections of Michigan moths and continue the documented listing of Lepidoptera in the region. ____________________ Emmet and Cheboygan counties share the northern tip of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, the former bordered on the west by Lake Michigan and the latter, on the east by Lake Huron.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sex Pheromone of the Sand Sagebrush
    The Sex Pheromone of the Sand Sagebrush Carpenterworm, Holcocerus artemisiae (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) Jintong Zhanga,*, Xiaoyuan Jinga, Youqing Luob, Zhanwen Lic, Shixiang Zongb, and Meihong Yanga a Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, 030801, China. Fax: (03 54-)6 28 69 90. E-mail: [email protected] b Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 00083, China c Lingwu Station of Forest Diseases and Pests Control, Ningxia, 750001, China * Author for correspondence and reprint requests Z. Naturforsch. 64 c, 590 – 596 (2009); received November 10, 2008/January 12, 2009 (Z)-5-dodecen-1-ol (Z5 – 12:OH), (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate (Z5 – 12:Ac), and (Z)-5-tetrade- cenyl acetate (Z5 – 14:Ac) were found in the extracts of the female sex pheromone gland of the carpenterworm moth Holcocerus artemisiae Chou et Hua, a pest of Artemisia fi lifolia. The average amounts of Z5 – 12:OH, Z5 – 12:Ac, and Z5 – 14:Ac in a single sex pheromone gland of a calling moth were (7.14 ± 0.73) ng, (54.20 ± 0.34) ng, and (38.70 ± 0.46) ng, re- spectively. Electroantennography (EAG) of these compounds and their analogues demon- strated that Z5 – 12:Ac excitated the largest male EAG response, followed by Z5 – 14:Ac. Traps baited with rubber septa impregnated with Z5 – 12:Ac (500 μg/septum) and Z5 – 14:Ac (300 μg/septum) were more effective than traps with other baits or virgin females. Addition of Z5 – 12:OH to rubber septa did not enhance the trap catches, but (E,Z)-3,5-dodecadienyl acetate (E3,Z5 – 12:Ac) enhanced the trap catch.
    [Show full text]
  • Carpenterworm Page 1 of 3
    Carpenterworm Page 1 of 3 Carpenterworm Fact Sheet No. 25 Revised November 2002 Dr. Jay B Karren, Extension Entomologist Alan H. Roe, Insect Diagnostician Description The larval stage of the carpenterworm, Prionoxystus robiniae is a wood-boring insect that affects various ornamental trees. Unlike most other wood-boring pests of ornamentals, which are mostly beetle larvae, the carpenterworm is a caterpillar belonging to the moth family Cossidae. Adult carpenterworms are large, heavy-bodied, mottled gray moths. This species is generally distributed in the United States and southern Canada. The females have a wingspread of about 3 inches with light gray hindwings. Males are about 2/3 the size of the females and have yellowish-orange hindwings. Full grown larvae are 2-3 inches long, fleshy, and greenish-white or pinkish with dark brown heads. Carpenterworm larvae are about the largest wood-boring caterpillars. They can be distinguished from wood-boring beetle larvae by the fact that they have leg-like appendages (prolegs), each provided with bands of hooks (crochets) on their ends. Hosts and Life Cycle Recorded hosts of the carpenterworm include black locust, cherry, cottonwood, elm, fig, green ash, lilac, maple, oak, pear, poplar, and willow. Based on submitted samples, the primary hosts in Utah are cottonwood and willows. Adults begin emerging from host trees in late May or early June, are most numerous in mid to late June, and complete emergence by mid-July. Individual adults live for about one week. Females deposit 200 or more olive green, oblong eggs, singly or in masses, in bark crevices, under lichens or moss, or near wounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Rapid Radiations of Insects: Challenges for Phylogenetic Analysis
    ANRV330-EN53-23 ARI 2 November 2007 18:40 Ancient Rapid Radiations of Insects: Challenges for Phylogenetic Analysis James B. Whitfield1 and Karl M. Kjer2 1Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61821; email: jwhitfi[email protected] 2Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2008. 53:449–72 Key Words First published online as a Review in Advance on diversification, molecular evolution, Palaeoptera, Orthopteroidea, September 17, 2007 fossils The Annual Review of Entomology is online at ento.annualreviews.org Abstract by UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS on 12/18/07. For personal use only. This article’s doi: Phylogenies of major groups of insects based on both morphological 10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093304 and molecular data have sometimes been contentious, often lacking Copyright c 2008 by Annual Reviews. the data to distinguish between alternative views of relationships. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2008.53:449-472. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org All rights reserved This paucity of data is often due to real biological and historical 0066-4170/08/0107-0449$20.00 causes, such as shortness of time spans between divergences for evo- lution to occur and long time spans after divergences for subsequent evolutionary changes to obscure the earlier ones. Another reason for difficulty in resolving some of the relationships using molecu- lar data is the limited spectrum of genes so far developed for phy- logeny estimation. For this latter issue, there is cause for current optimism owing to rapid increases in our knowledge of comparative genomics.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Texas Lepidoptera Knudson & Bordelon, Jan 2018 Texas Lepidoptera Survey
    1 Checklist of Texas Lepidoptera Knudson & Bordelon, Jan 2018 Texas Lepidoptera Survey ERIOCRANIOIDEA TISCHERIOIDEA ERIOCRANIIDAE TISCHERIIDAE Dyseriocrania griseocapitella (Wlsm.) Eriocraniella mediabulla Davis Coptotriche citripennella (Clem.) Eriocraniella platyptera Davis Coptotriche concolor (Zell.) Coptotriche purinosella (Cham.) Coptotriche clemensella (Cham). Coptotriche sulphurea (F&B) NEPTICULOIDEA Coptotriche zelleriella (Clem.) Tischeria quercitella Clem. NEPTICULIDAE Coptotriche malifoliella (Clem.) Coptotriche crataegifoliae (Braun) Ectoedemia platanella (Clem.) Coptotriche roseticola (F&B) Ectoedemia rubifoliella (Clem.) Coptotriche aenea (F&B) Ectoedemia ulmella (Braun) Asterotriche solidaginifoliella (Clem.) Ectoedemia obrutella (Zell.) Asterotriche heliopsisella (Cham.) Ectoedemia grandisella (Cham.) Asterotriche ambrosiaeella (Cham.) Nepticula macrocarpae Free. Asterotriche helianthi (F&B) Stigmella scintillans (Braun) Asterotriche heteroterae (F&B) Stigmella rhoifoliella (Braun) Asterotriche longeciliata (F&B) Stigmella rhamnicola (Braun) Asterotriche omissa (Braun) Stigmella villosella (Clem.) Asterotriche pulvella (Cham.) Stigmella apicialbella (Cham.) Stigmella populetorum (F&B) Stigmella saginella (Clem.) INCURVARIOIDEA Stigmella nigriverticella (Cham.) Stigmella flavipedella (Braun) PRODOXIDAE Stigmella ostryaefoliella (Clem.) Stigmella myricafoliella (Busck) Tegeticula yuccasella (Riley) Stigmella juglandifoliella (Clem.) Tegeticula baccatella Pellmyr Stigmella unifasciella (Cham.) Tegeticula carnerosanella Pellmyr
    [Show full text]
  • Negative Per Capita Effects of Two Invasive Plants, Lythrum Salicaria and Phalaris Arundinacea, Volume 99 on the Moth Diversity of Wetland Communities 229 Issue 3 L.L
    Online submission at: www.editorialmanager.com/ber Bulletin of Entomological Volume 99 Issue 3 Research June 2009 Bulletin of Research Papers Bulletin of K. Kishimoto-Yamada, T. Itioka, S. Sakai, K. Momose, T. Nagamitsu, H. Kaliang, P. Meleng, L. Chong, A.A. Hamid Karim, S. Yamane, M. Kato, C.A.M. Reid, T. Nakashizuka and T. Inoue Population fluctuations of light-attracted chrysomelid beetles in relation to supra-annual Entomological Research environmental changes in a Bornean rainforest 217 Entomological S.S. Schooler, P.B. McEvoy, P. Hammond and E.M. Coombs Negative per capita effects of two invasive plants, Lythrum salicaria and Phalaris arundinacea, Volume 99 on the moth diversity of wetland communities 229 Issue 3 L.L. Stelinski and L.J. Gut June 2009 Delayed mating in tortricid leafroller species: simultaneously aging both sexes prior to mating Research is more detrimental to female reproductive potential than aging either sex alone 245 Z. Lei, T.-X. Liu and S.M. Greenberg Feeding, oviposition and survival of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Bt and non-Bt cottons 253 99 Issue 3 June 2009 Volume S.J. Castle, N. Prabhaker, T.J. Henneberry and N.C. Toscano Host plant influence on susceptibility of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to insecticides 263 M. Jonsson, S.D. Wratten, K.A. Robinson and S.A. Sam The impact of floral resources and omnivory on a four trophic level food web 275 R. Kahuthia-Gathu, B. Löhr, H.M. Poehling and P.K. Mbugua Diversity, distribution and role of wild crucifers in major cabbage and kale growing areas of Kenya 287 J.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity and Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests Proceedings of the Workshop on Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests: Effects on Biodiversity
    Biodiversity and Coarse woody Debris in Southern Forests Proceedings of the Workshop on Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests: Effects on Biodiversity Athens, GA - October 18-20,1993 Biodiversity and Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests Proceedings of the Workhop on Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests: Effects on Biodiversity Athens, GA October 18-20,1993 Editors: James W. McMinn, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Athens, GA, and D.A. Crossley, Jr., University of Georgia, Athens, GA Sponsored by: U.S. Department of Energy, Savannah River Site, and the USDA Forest Service, Savannah River Forest Station, Biodiversity Program, Aiken, SC Conducted by: USDA Forest Service, Southem Research Station, Asheville, NC, and University of Georgia, Institute of Ecology, Athens, GA Preface James W. McMinn and D. A. Crossley, Jr. Conservation of biodiversity is emerging as a major goal in The effects of CWD on biodiversity depend upon the management of forest ecosystems. The implied harvesting variables, distribution, and dynamics. This objective is the conservation of a full complement of native proceedings addresses the current state of knowledge about species and communities within the forest ecosystem. the influences of CWD on the biodiversity of various Effective implementation of conservation measures will groups of biota. Research priorities are identified for future require a broader knowledge of the dimensions of studies that should provide a basis for the conservation of biodiversity, the contributions of various ecosystem biodiversity when interacting with appropriate management components to those dimensions, and the impact of techniques. management practices. We thank John Blake, USDA Forest Service, Savannah In a workshop held in Athens, GA, October 18-20, 1993, River Forest Station, for encouragement and support we focused on an ecosystem component, coarse woody throughout the workshop process.
    [Show full text]
  • FIELD GUIDE to DISEASES and INSECTS of QUAKING ASPEN in the WEST Part I: WOOD and BARK BORING INSECTS Brytten E
    United States Department of Agriculture FIELD GUIDE TO DISEASES AND INSECTS OF QUAKING ASPEN IN THE WEST Part I: WOOD AND BARK BORING INSECTS Brytten E. Steed and David A. Burton Forest Forest Health Protection Publication April Service Northern Region R1-15-07 2015 WOOD & BARK BORING INSECTS WOOD & BARK BORING INSECTS CITATION Steed, Brytten E.; Burton, David A. 2015. Field guide to diseases and insects FIELD GUIDE TO of quaking aspen in the West - Part I: wood and bark boring insects. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Missoula DISEASES AND INSECTS OF MT. 115 pp. QUAKING ASPEN IN THE WEST AUTHORS Brytten E. Steed, PhD Part I: WOOD AND BARK Forest Entomologist BORING INSECTS USFS Forest Health Protection Missoula, MT Brytten E. Steed and David A. Burton David A. Burton Project Director Aspen Delineation Project Penryn, CA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Technical review, including species clarifications, were provided in part by Ian Foley, Mike Ivie, Jim LaBonte and Richard Worth. Additional reviews and comments were received from Bill Ciesla, Gregg DeNitto, Tom Eckberg, Ken Gibson, Carl Jorgensen, Jim Steed and Dan Miller. Many other colleagues gave us feedback along the way - Thank you! Special thanks to Betsy Graham whose friendship and phenomenal talents in graphics design made this production possible. Cover images (from top left clockwise): poplar borer (T. Zegler), poplar flat­ head (T. Zegler), aspen bark beetle (B. Steed), and galls from an unidentified photo by B. Steed agent (B. Steed). We thank the many contributors of photographs accessed through Bugwood, BugGuide and Moth Photographers (specific recognition in United States Department of Agriculture Figure Credits).
    [Show full text]
  • Common Butterflies and Moths (Order Lepidoptera) in the Wichita Mountains and Surrounding Areas
    Common Butterflies and Moths (Order Lepidoptera) in the Wichita Mountains and Surrounding Areas Angel Chiri Less than 2% of known species in the U.S. have Entomologist approved common names. Relying on only common names for individual species may lead Introduction to confusion, since more than one common name may exist for the same species, or the With over 11,000 species described in the U.S. same name may be used for more than one and Canada, butterflies and moths are among the species. Using the scientific name, which is the most common and familiar insects. With few same in any language or region, eliminates this exceptions, the adults have two pairs of wings problem. Furthermore, only scientific names are covered with minute and easily dislodgeable used in the scientific literature. Common names scales. The mouthparts consist of a long, are not capitalized. flexible, and coiled proboscis that is used to absorb nectar. Butterflies and skippers are All photos in this guide were taken by the author diurnal, while most moths are nocturnal. using a Canon PowerShot SX110 IS camera. The Lepidoptera undergo a full metamorphosis. Family Pieridae (sulfurs and whites) The larva has a well developed head, with opposable mandibles designed for chewing and Pierids are common, mostly medium-sized, six simple eyes arranged in a semicircle, on each yellowish or white butterflies. The cloudless side of the head. The first three segments (the sulphur, Phoebis sennae has greenish-yellow or thorax) each bears a pair of segmented legs that lemon yellow wings with a spot resembling a end in a single claw.
    [Show full text]
  • Predator to Prey to Poop: Bats As Microbial Hosts and Insectivorous Hunters
    Predator to Prey to Poop: Bats as Microbial Hosts and Insectivorous Hunters A Thesis SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Miranda Galey IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE Dr. Ron Moen, Dr. Jessica R. Sieber September 2020 Copyright © Miranda Galey 2020 Abstract Bat fecal samples are a rich source of ecological data for bat biologists, entomologists, and microbiologists. Feces collected from individual bats can be used to profile the gut microbiome using microbial DNA and to understand bat foraging strategies using arthropod DNA. We used eDNA collected from bat fecal samples to better understand bats as predators in the context of their unique gut physiology. We used high through- put sequencing of the COI gene and 16S rRNA gene to determine the diet composition and gut microbiome composition of three bat species in Minnesota: Eptesicus fuscus, Myotis lucifugus and M. septentrionalis. In our analysis of insect prey, we found that E. fuscus consistently foraged for a higher diversity of beetle species compared to other insects. We found that the proportional frequency of tympanate samples from M. septentrionalis and M. lucifugus was similar, while M. septentrionalis consistently preyed more often upon non-flying species. We used the same set of COI sequences to determine presence of pest species, rare species, and insects not previously observed in Minnesota. We were able to combine precise arthropod identification and the for- aging areas of individually sampled bats to observe possible range expansion of some insects. The taxonomic composition of the bat gut microbiome in all three species was found to be consistent with the composition of a mammalian small intestine.
    [Show full text]
  • Carpenterworm Moth
    Pest Profile Photo credit: James Solomon, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Common Name: Carpenterworm Moth Scientific Name: Prionoxystus robiniae Order and Family: Lepidoptera: Cossidae Size and Appearance: Length (mm) Appearance Egg 2.3 mm Dark olive brown to grayish green, oval in shape. Larva/Nymph 50.0-76.0 mm Early instar larvae are dark reddish, medium sized larvae are pinkish white, large male larvae are pinkish to creamy brown, large female larvae are greenish white. Both male and female caterpillars have a dark head and dark brown tubercles on body. Adult 38.0-71.0 mm Large, heavy bodied, with grayish forewings, mottled with black. Males have orange hindwings, smaller than females. Pupa (if applicable) 37.0-50.0 mm Dark, shiny brown, broad at head end and tapering at hind end, and a pair of toothed bands on dorsal surface of abdominal segments. Type of feeder (Chewing, sucking, etc.): Chewing Host plant/s: Oak, birch, elm, ash, poplar, maple, willow, cottonwood Description of Damage (larvae and adults): Larvae chew cavelike burrows about 50.00 mm in diameter and galleries into the sapwood or hardwood of trunks and large branches, with oval to irregular shaped bark scars present. Heavy infestations damage integrity of trees and cause breakage in high winds; chronically infested trees appear gnarled and misshapen. References: Barlett, T. (2004). Species Prionoxystus robiniae - Carpenterworm Moth - Hodges#2693. Retrieved from http://bugguide.net/node/view/3604 Cranshaw, W. (2004). Garden insects of North America: The ultimate guide to backyard bugs. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Hannon, E.R.; Beers, E.H.
    [Show full text]