25 YEARS INTERNATIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC ASSOCIATION 1959-1984 The first twenty-five years of the International Cartographic Association compiled by Ferdinand J. Ormeling Sr. International Cartographic Association/Association Cartographique Internationale Printed at ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands TABLE OF CONTENTS List of photographs and maps Preface (H. Fullard) Acknowledgements FOUNDATION AND CONSOLIDATION The early years Participants, Esselte Conference, 1956 Opening Address, First General Assembly, 1961 (E. Imhof) Participants, First General Assembly, 1961 First Provisional and Executive Committees 1956 1984 CONFERENCES Twelve conferences in retrospect Conferences, themes and venues EXHIBITIONS Twenty-five years of map exhibitions Exhibitions, themes and venues COMMISSIONS Commission activities Commissions, working groups and terms of reference PUBLICATIONS Review of publications Publishers and editors IYC 1961-1985 Publications Committee 1974-1984 ICA and related publications NEW RESPONSIBILITIES Third World Policy The ICA Seminar in Wuhan 1981 (Wuhan Technical University) India and the ICA (G.C. Agarwal) EXTERNAL RELATIONS Affiliation with IGU Relations with other sister organisations CARTOGRAPHIC PERIODICALS Cartographic periodicals in the world in the mid 1980’s (K.A. Salichtchev) DISTINGUISHED CONTRIBUTORS TO ICA CM. Mannerfelt (O.W. Hedbom) E. Imhof S. de Brommer (Comité Français de Cartographie) E. Gigas (R. Bôhme) D.E.O. Thackwell (H. Fullard) K.A. Salichtchev (B.V. Gutsell) A.H. Robinson (US National Committee for ICA) E. Meynen O.W. Hedbom H. Fullard R. Böhme MESSAGES FROM SISTER ORGANISATIONS International Cartographic Association – 25 years (F.J. Doyle) Greetings from ISPRS (G. Konecny) Cartography and Geography (Walther Manshard) Greetings from IGU (P. Scott) About the interaction between geodesy and cartography (V. Peevsky) Greetings from FIG (Ch.H. Weir) DEVELOPMENTS IN PRIVATE AND INSTITUTIONAL CARTOGRAPHY Commercial cartography in Western Europe (H. Fullard) Some effects of the computer on education and quality in cartography (A.H. Robinson) ICA – The future (J.L. Morrison) ICA Newsletter and initiator The ICA in Maps List of abbreviations List of selected references LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS AND MAPS Photos 1. Esselte Conference 1956 (Courtesy Dr. Mannerfelt) 2. Chicago Conference 1958 (Courtesy Mrs. Imhof) 3. Preparatory meeting at Mainz 1958 (Courtesy Mrs. Imhof) 4. First Executive Committee (Courtesy Mrs. Imhof) 5. Third General Assembly, New Delhi 1968 6. Fourth General Assembly, Montreal 1972 7. Executives presented to Royalty (Courtesy Professor Nunez de las Cuevas) 8. Seventh Conference, Madrid 1974 (Courtesy Professor Nunez de las Cuevas) 9. Executive Committee 1978 10. Reception Ninth Conference 1978 11. Presentation of ICA flag 1978 12. Organisers of Tenth Conference Tokyo 1980 13. First Ladies. 14. Conference Director and assistant, Perth 1984. 15. Seventh General Assembly, Perth 1984 16. Opening Ceremony International Exhibition, Tokyo 1980 17. First ICA Map Exhibition, Paris 1961 (Courtesy Comité Français de Cartographie) 18. International Map Exhibition, Moscow 1976 (Courtesy Kirschbaum Verlag) 19. International Map Exhibition, Warsaw 1982 20. ICA-UNESCO Seminar, Paris 1967 21. Seminar Commission Automation in Cartography, Budapest 1973 22. Carto-historians planning ICA’s future (Courtesy Dr. Wallis) 23. ICA and related publications 24. ICA Seminar Nairobi 1978 25. ICA Seminar Jakarta 1980 26. ICA Seminar in Rabat, Morocco. 27. Getting acquainted with Chinese Colleagues. 28. ICA Seminar in Wuhan 1981 (Courtesy Professor van Zuylen) 29. Third World Seminar, New Delhi 1983 (Courtesy Professor van Zuylen) 30 Benefits of Third World Policy (Courtesy Bo Gramfors, Esselte Map Service). 31. Carl M:son Mannerfelt 32. Eduard Imhof (Courtesy Mrs. Imhof) 33. Stéphane de Brammer (Courtesy Comité Français de Cartographie) 34. Erwin Gigas (Courtesy Dipl. Ing. Böhme) 35. Dennis E.O. Thackwell 36 Professor and Mrs Salichtchev 37. Presentation Mannerfelt Medal to Professor Salichtchev 1981 38. Arthur H. Robinson 39. Emil Meynen (Courtesy Mrs. Meynen) 40. Olof W. Hedbom 41. Harold Fullard and Roger W. Anson 42. Rolf Böhme 43. Presidents, past and present, and advisers 44. Bernard V. Gutsell Maps 1. ICA member countries 1984 2. ICA Conference locations 1959-1984 PREFACE It is a common problem in all organisations to find the time and resources to record the past for posterity whilst heavily pressed in fulfilling present-day commitments and in planning for the future. Yet it is valuable to keep records, especially in new organisations which are growing quickly and have limited resources because much of what is happening is held only in a few members’ heads, and, if not set down, would soon be lost. The ICA is fortunate to have had Professor Dr. F.J. Ormeling Sr. carry out the task of recording the founding, growth, people and activities of its first twenty-five years. He is indeed in a unique position to have done so, for he has had direct experience of all aspects of the Association, first as an active supporter in its foundation and initial years, then as Secretary-Treasurer (1964-1976) and as President (1976-1984). Over and above this, he has had the energy, and has somehow made the time, to research and analyse the ICA archive and describe the activities, personalities and happenings with a light touch. He has made known facts new to most of us, eliminated some myths and pointed out some valuable lessons for the future. He is a worthy teller. Professor Ormeling starts with the meetings and reasoning which led to the foundation of the Association, describes the twelve conferences in retrospect, the twenty-five years of map exhibitions, the Commissions and their activities, and reviews the Association’s publications. He proceeds to set out the ICA’s policy towards the Third World, records seminars held in China and India, and describes relations with sister organisations in surveying, mapping and geography. Professor Ormeling wishes to make it clear that the inevitably subjective views given in this book are his own and not those of the Association. Including also is Professor K.A. Salichtchev’s comprehensive review of cartographic periodicals of the world as they exist in the mid-1980’s. Additional aspects of the Association’s interests are represented by two papers, one on "Commercial cartography in Western Europe" and the other on "The effects of the computer on education and quality in cartography". Short biographies are included of 11 cartographers who have been recognized for their service to ICA, and messages of good wishes for the Association from sister organisations are noted. The final paper by our present President, J.L. Morrison, is on "The Future of the ICA". This volume will undoubtedly prove its usefulness in the future as cartographic scholars work to research the early history of the ICA. H. Fullard Past-Chairman ICA Publications Committee ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The international separatist crusade of cartography initiated in the 1950’s, resulted in the establishment of the non-governmental International Cartographic Association in 1959. In reviewing its first twenty-five years it can be stated that the Association with more than 60 member countries, has not done badly. Though it has operated with extremely modest means, it has succeeded in bringing together cartographers with different nationalities, backgrounds and experience, scientific and practical cartographers or map producers, map authors, educators and publishers. Borne by the drive, enthusiasm and hard work of volunteers, its corporate life has enjoyed a high frequency of well attended biennial conferences, alternating with seminars and symposia. Through the efforts of its commissions and working groups it has promoted discussion and disseminated knowledge on vital cartographic subjects such as education, terminology, automation etc. It has gained the appraisal of the sister organisations in geography and surveying and mapping and earned recognition from international governmental organisations such as UN and UNESCO. In 1984 the Executive Committee proposed to mark the jubilee by issuing a publication on the first 25 years. In view of his longstanding involvement with the Association, the present author volunteered his services to this end. For various reasons, however, the compilation of the work took longer than anticipated. The major one was that retired cartographers, deprived of regular clerical assistance, live on charity, which considerably slowed down progress and at times almost brought it to a standstill. For a long time the realisation of the plan seemed far away. That the volume could eventually be completed and the task fulfilled was due to the generous support of the management of ITC, Enschede, Netherlands, who in a decisive phase, granted the required technical facilities, thus inspiring great gratitude. The information collected in the present volume is derived from various sources. It is mainly drawn from unpublished material in the ICA archives – minutes of Executive Committee meetings and General Assemblies, correspondence, commission reports etc. Only the latter have been published in part in the IGU Bulletin, in the International Yearbook of Cartography and recently in the ICA Newsletter. Equally important sources were the conference papers and documents such as circulars, programmes, abstracts of papers, proceedings, exhibition catalogues and country reports. Finally there were the reports on conferences by various