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Super Cold Hardy Hybrids Bruce Bordelon Jill Blume

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Super Cold Hardy Hybrids Bruce Bordelon Jill Blume Super Cold Hardy Hybrids Bruce Bordelon Jill Blume Purdue Wine Grape Team Super Cold Hardy Varieties University of Minnesota Frontenac Gris Frontenac Frontenac Blanc Marquette LaCrescent Itasca Super Cold Hardy Varieties Elmer Swenson and Next Gens varieties Brianna Crimson Pearl* Edelweiss* Petite Pearl* LaCrosse Sabrevois Espirit St. Croix Osceola Muscat Swenson Red* Prairie Star Verona Petit Ami* Elemer Swenson St. Pepin (1913-2004) *Next Gen Breeders: Dave McGregor Tom Plocher Ed Swanson Performance in West Central Indiana (Zone 5b) • Yield • Vigor • Crop load • Phenology (bud break, bloom, veraison, harvest) • Cold hardiness • Disease susceptibility • Herbicide sensitivity Relative Date of Budbreak Early LaCrescent, Edelweiss, Brianna, Prairie Early April Star, Frontenac gris, Frontenac blanc, Marquette Mid LaCrosse, Petit Ami, Frontenac Mid April (compare to Chardonel, Cayuga, Seyval, Traminette, Noiret, Corot noir) Late Petite Pearl Late April (compare to Chambourcin, Norton, Vidal, Vignoles, Villard blanc) Can be a 3-4 week difference High Frost Risk early budding varieties Marquette March 27, 2012 Marquette April 12, 2012 Relative Date of Ripening (Harvest) Early Edelweiss, Brianna, Prairie Star, Harvest Marquette, St. Croix Late Aug in (compare to Foch) central IN Mid Frontenac Gris, LaCrescent, LaCrosse, Harvest Petit Ami, Frontenac Aug- Sept in (compare to Chardonel, Cayuga, Seyval, Vignoles, Traminette, central IN Noiret, Corot noir) Late Petite Pearl Harvest (compare to Chambourcin, Norton, Ventura, Vidal, Cabernet Sept-Oct in Franc) central IN 4 to 6 week range 10-14 years of performance at Purdue Meigs Hort Research Farm Strengths • Excellent wine quality • Very cold hardy • Productive labrusca type • Low TA Weaknesses • Very high vigor • Early ripening • Low Brix Vineyard comments • 2009 Little rot/split despite previous rainy week • 2010 Frost damage • 2014 Fall dieback of canes • Labrusca type - pick early • Very vigorous - 12 ft spacing? Strengths • Good wine quality • Very cold hardy • Productive labrusca type • Low TA Weaknesses • Early ripening • Develops foxy flavors • Low Brix • Sensitive to 2,4-D Vineyard comments • 2011 75% bird damage • 2012 hail damage • 2013 2,4-D damage • 2014 Fall dieback • Labrusca type should be picked early Strengths • Excellent wine quality • Apricot-like descriptors • Salmon colored juice • Easy to manage • Very cold hardy • Mid-season ripening Weaknesses • High TA • Bird damage Vineyard comments • Very similar to Frontenac in growth habit, fruit chemistry, etc. Strengths • Excellent wine quality, lemony • Acidic, ice wine styles • Very cold hardy • Mid-season ripening Weaknesses • Early bud break • High vigor, weedy growth habit • High TA • Off flavors in late harvest • Fruit shelling at harvest • Very susceptible to leaf phylloxera Vineyard comments • Very vigorous. • Shelling can be a problem LaCrescent May 3, 2012 3 weeks after frost Produced ~3 lb/vine in 2012 Poor fruit set in LaCrescent Excess vigor in LaCrescent Strengths • Good wine quality • Very cold hardy • Easy to manage • Consistently productive Weaknesses • Potential for fruit split / rot • Potential for sunburn • Small, tight clusters • Disease susceptible Vineyard comments • 2012 Rain cracking and rot • 2013 2,4-D damage • 2014 Fall dieback Strengths • Good wine quality • Cold hardy • Low TA Weaknesses • Low vigor, vine size • Early ripening • Poor fruit set • Fall dieback • Low Brix Vineyard comments • Shot berries • Low pruning wt • High crop load ratio • Later maturity Strengths • Good wine quality • Mild labrusca • Cold hardy • Very high vigor, vine size Weaknesses • Early bud break • Early ripening • Vigorous, fall dieback Vineyard comments • 2010 frost damage • 2014 fall dieback • Tight clusters, some shot berries • Vigorous and productive • Mild labrusca • Higher TA Strengths • Good wine quality (rosé or port styles) • Very cold hardy • Mid-season ripening, budding • Moderately disease resistant • High sugar Frontenac Weaknesses • Very high acid • Bird damage • Very susceptible to leaf phylloxera • Poor fruit set Vineyard comments • Easy to grow • Very high TA • Birds like, should be netted Vine decline Strengths • Excellent wine quality • Very cold hardy • Early season ripening • Loose clusters, few rots Marquette • Lower TA than other MN varieties Weaknesses • Susceptible to Phomopsis • Susceptible to ripe rot • Bird magnet - must be netted • Moderate to low yields • Berry shrivel • Trunk hardiness issues Vineyard comments • Only mod productive • Early budding • Frost prone Marquette (May 3, 2012. 3 weeks after frost) Produced 0 lb/vine in 2012 Purdue University is an Equal Opportunity/Equal Access institution. Crown Gall Crown Gall Bird Netting Bird Damage with Netting Berry Shrivel, Ripe Rot Strengths • Excellent wine quality • Very cold hardy • Tight clusters • Lower TA than other varieties Petite Pearl Weaknesses • Very low vigor • Low yields Vineyard comments • Planted in 2008 • Healthy vines but very low vigor • Small diameter shoots • Difficult to establish • Small, compact clusters • Very open canopy • Closer vine spacing? Summary • Potential for central and northern Indiana • Consumer acceptance of wines has been good.
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