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CHAPTER - 5 THE MARATHAS

Shivaji THE PESHAWAS 1. belonged to Clan. 1.Balaji Viswanath 1713-20 2.Guru Ramdas was his political Guru. 2. 1720-40 3.His coronation was held at Raigarh in 1674. 3. 1740-61 His kingdom was called Swaraj. 4.Mahadev Rao 1761-72 4.He adoped the titles of , Haindava 5.Narayan Rao 1772-73 Dharmodharak & Kshatriya Kulavatamsa. 6.Swami Madhav Rao 1773-95 5.He had confrontation with Afzal Khan of Bijapur 7.Baji Rao Ji 1795-1818 in 1659. Families and Their Headquarters 6.He also had confrontation with Shayista Khan 1.Pashwa Poona in 1660. 2. Gwalior 7.He sacked Surat in 1664 again in 1670. (Initially Ujjain) 8.Died in 1680. 3.Gaekwad Baroda The Ashtapradhan 4.Bhonsle Nagpur / Mukhiya Pradhan Prime Minister, 5.Holker Indore General administration 6.Pawar Dhar both civil and Other Facts on Marathas military. Swarajya Shivaji’s Kingdom Sar-i-Naubat Chief of armed Raj Vyavahar Kosh Sanskrit diction- forces ary compiled at the Majumdar/ Amatya Finance, instance of Shivaji Revenue, Chautai/Chauth The levy on the Accounts neighbouring Sachiv/Surunavis/Chitnis Royal Corres- territories which pondence was ¼ of the land Dabir/Sumant Foreign Affiars/ revenue. Royal ceremo- Haindava DharmoddharakTitle assumed by nies Shivaji which Mantri/Waqla-Nawis/WakinsIncharge of meant ‘Protector of records, intelli- the Hindu Faith’ gence and Bakhar Shivaji’s Bio- looked after graphy by king’s private Sabhasad written affairs. in 1677 Nayayadhish Justice Mirasis Resident owner Pandit Rao Religious cultivator affairs and Watandars Local landed Charities elements Get Printed Study Notes for UPSC Exams - www.iasexamportal.com/notes

Ashtapradhan Council of eight 5.Propounded concept of Hindu Pad Padshahi, ministers Real architect of . Chitnis Secretary Balaji Baji Rao (Nana Sahib) 1.Maratha families came into prominence. Mauza Lowest unit of the country 2.By the will of the king Shahu the Peshwa became the official head. Tarfs Second lowest unit of the country 3.Capital was shifted to Poona from Satara. Prants Provinces 4.Invaded Bengal repeatedly – gained Orissa. 5.Helped Imad-ul-mulk to become Wazir. Deshmukh Equivalent to chaudhuris (village 6.Invasion of Ahmed Shah Abdali – Battle of headman) of North Panipat 1761 – the nominal head of the India and desais of Maratha army was Viswas Rao and the actual Gujarat. commander was Sadasiva Rao Bhao (killed in the battle). Artillery was under the command Kamavisdar Subedar of small of Ibrahim Gardi. provinces under the Madhav Rao Mamlatdar Subedar of bigger 1.Defeated Haider Ali. provinces under 2.Brought back the Mughal Emperor Shah who the Peshwas became their Pensioner. Watan Hereditary land Narayan Rao holdings 1.Conflict for power with Raghunath Rao. Mirasdars Petty zamindars 2.Raghunath Rao tried to capture power with the Moksha Mahal Land grants Brithish help. 3.First Anglo-Maratha war. Saranjam Land grants Baji Rao II Sardeshmukhi 1/10 of produce taken by Shivaji 1.Son of Raghunath Rao. being Sardesh- 2.Mahadji Schindia rose to prominence. He mukh, head of established control over Shah Alam and Deshmukhs. secured the appointment of Peshwas as the Maratha Confederacy emperor’s deputy. Balaji Viswanath Travellers During Medieval India 1.The first Peshwa, in 1713. Travellers Rulers 2.Induced Zulfiquar Khan to pay Chauth and Nicolo (1420-21 AD) Devaraya I Sardeshmukhi of Deccan. Abdur Razzaq (1443-44 AD) Devaraya II 3.Helped the Sayyid brothers to overthrow Farruksiyar Nikitin (1470-74) Firoz Shah 4.Introduced Saranjami System Bahamani Baji Rao I Bardosa (1500-16 AD) Krishnadevaraya 1.The greatest exponent of Guerrilla tactics after Paes (1520-22 AD) Krishnadevaraya Shivaji Nuniz (1535-37 AD) Achyutdevaraya 2.Worsted Nizam-ul-Mulk twice. 3.Compaigned against the Portuguese-captured Caeser Fredrick Visited Vijay- (1567-68 AD) nagara after the Salsette & Bassein battle of Talikota. 4.Compaigned against the Sidis of Janjira