CONTRACT WP 9711 DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY - FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION
CAPRICORN DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY BLOUBERG LOCAL MUNICIPALITY
FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR THE BLOUBERG REGIONAL WATER SCHEME
Incorporating the settlements of: Blouberg, Dantzig 1, Ditatsu, Ga-Mamohwibidu, Ga-Mamolele, Ga-Mmatemana, Ga-Motshemi, Ga-Rammutla 1, Ga-Rammutla 2, Ga- Tefu, Ga-Tshabalala, Matshira, Mophamamana, Pickum 1, Pickum 2, Schroelen, Schroelen 2, Sweale South and Tswatsane
DRAFT VERSION 1.3
MAY 2011
Prepared by Prepared for: SRK Consulting Department of Water Affairs PO Box 55291 Directorate: National Water Resources Planning NORTHLANDS Private Bag X313 2116 PRETORIA, Tel: +27 (0) 11 441 1111 0001 E-mail: [email protected]
RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR BLOUBERG RWS REPORT NO. {1}
DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY - FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY, FOR THE BLOUBERG REGIONAL WATER SCHEME IN BLOUBERG LOCAL MUNICIPALITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The strategy objectives and methodology are presented in a separate report titled “Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study Northern Region ” that should be read in conjunction with this document.
Location and Background Information This document focuses of on the settlements of the Blouberg Regional Water Scheme (RWS) which is located in the eastern portion of the Blouberg Local Municipality (BLM). This scheme falls within the Limpopo Water Management Area (WMA), in the quaternary catchment A72A.
Domestic water is sourced from individual boreholes around each of the settlements. Water is not treated prior to distribution. Capricorn District Municipality is the Water Service Authority (WSA) throughout the study area. Agriculture is the main economic activity within the municipality. There is potential for mining of a number of minerals.
Demographics, water requirements and availability The population of Blouberg RWS was estimated for 2007 at 22 500 people. This is projected to increase to between 33 758 for a low growth scenario and 37 129 given high growth, by 2030. The level of service within this scheme area is low. There is an even split between the population which is serviced above RDP and below the RDP level for water supply, both at 36%. The remaining 28% are serviced at the RDP level. This therefore becomes a necessary focus for improvement, and will require more water.
Water provided to this area is currently sourced from the local aquifer at an estimated 1.000 Million m 3/a, although this is meets the needs of the scheme at present, this is insufficient to meet the future needs. It is estimated that a minimum supply of 1.182 Million m 3/a would be sufficient to meet the domestic requirements at a reasonable standard for the next five years (2015). With the expected growth in population and a continued planned improvement in services, this requirement increases to between 1.695 and 1.865 Million m 3/a by the year 2030.
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The groundwater quality in the area is generally of a high quality, Class 0 to Class 1. Currently there is no WTW servicing this area.
• The domestic water supply needs to be augmented urgently. Water is potentially available from local groundwater, although the availability and sustainable use of this aquifer will need to be confirmed by an in-depth hydrogeological study. It is also suggested that surplus water from the Ga-Hlako settlement could be used in the Blouberg RWS.
Strategy/Recommendations • Undertake a detailed investigation to determine actual water usages, sustainability of source and availability of future supply. Should there be sufficient groundwater resources, additional boreholes will need to be installed to augment the domestic supply to the scheme. • Additional water resources are said to be available from the Ga-Hlako settlement. This will need to be confirmed and used to augment the Blouberg RWS. • Develop and implement a Water Conservation and Demand Management plan with clear performance targets. This must include limiting the wasteful use of water in order to control water consumption and utilise the available resources to their full potential and also limit wasteful water use. • As a critical step when introducing measures to encourage water conservation, it is important to have an accurate set of baseline data against which any progress can be measured. The first priority must therefore be to ensure that there is an adequate network of water meters and accurate readings are recorded on a regular basis • Implement comprehensive monitoring of the groundwater table and of groundwater use by all users (domestic and agricultural) in the area to ensure sustainable use. • Register existing water use and ensure that planned increases in water use are registered with the DWA
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Augmentation Options
Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area The information used in this report is of a medium confidence level as existing documentation, project reports and municipality communications were consulted in gather of information. Some conflicting usage volumes were encountered in various reports. The population data is of a low confidence level
Priority Rating for the Development of a Detailed Reconciliation Strategy:
The Blouberg RWS is considered to have a Priority 3 (medium/high) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy as the cluster will deficit within the next 5 years.
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This strategy for the Blouberg RWS has been accepted and signed by Capricorn District Municipality, Blouberg Local Municipality, DWA Limpopo Regional Office and the DWA Head Office (D: NWRP) as follows:
Town WMA DM WSA WSDP Status
Blouberg RWS Limpopo Capricorn Capricorn Under District District Capricorn Municipality Municipality District Municipality
Names:………………………………………. Names:……………………………………….
Signature:…………………………………… Signature:…………………………………… Date:………………………………………… Date:………………………………………… Position:…………………...... Position:…………………………… Blouberg Local Municipality Capricorn District Municipality Names:………………………………………. Names:……………………………………….
Signature:…………………………………… Signature:…………………………………… Date:………………………………………… Date:………………………………………… Position:………………………………… Position:……………………………… DWA Regional Office DWA D: National Water Resource Planning
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...... i
1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1
1.1 Study area ...... 1
1.2 Regional Setting ...... 1
1.3 Economic Drivers ...... 2
1.4 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area ...... 3
2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS ...... 5
3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS ...... 5
3.1 Present water requirements and historical water use ...... 5
3.2 Level of Services ...... 5
4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS UNTILL 2030 ...... 6
4.1 Future water requirements ...... 6
5 WATER RESOURCES ...... 6
5.1 Surface water ...... 6
5.1.1 Water Allocations ...... 7
5.1.2 Other water users from the same source ...... 7
5.1.3 Quality ...... 7
5.2 Groundwater ...... 7
5.2.1 Water allocation/s ...... 7
5.2.2 Other water users from the same source ...... 8
5.2.3 Quality ...... 8
5.2.4 Re-use ...... 8
6 WATER BALANCE WITHOUT RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 8
6.1 Priority to develop a water supply reconciliation strategy ...... 9
7 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 11
7.1 Water treatment plants ...... 11
7.2 Distribution network and reservoirs ...... 11
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8 SANITATION ...... 12
8.1 Level of services ...... 12
8.2 Waste water treatment works (WWTW) and sanitation infrastructure ...... 13
8.2.1 Return flows ...... 13
8.2.2 State of WWTW ...... 13
9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 14
9.1 Water Conservation and Water Demand Management (WC/WDM) ...... 14
9.2 Rain water harvesting ...... 14
9.3 Groundwater ...... 14
9.4 Re-use ...... 15
9.5 Local surface water ...... 15
9.6 Buy-out of water allocations/rights ...... 15
9.7 Water Transfer ...... 15
10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 16
10.1 Water balance ...... 16
11 CONCLUSIONS ...... 18
12 STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 18
13 REFERENCES ...... 19
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1: Locality Plan ...... 4
Figure 6-1: Current and Future Water Requirements for the Blouberg RWS Cluster ... 10
Figure 10-1: Augmentation Options ...... 17
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3-1: Current service levels ...... 5
Table 4-1: Water requirement projections ...... 6
Table 5-1: Other Water Users Dependent on the Water Resource ...... 8
Table 6-1: Current and Future Water Requirements for Blouberg RWS Cluster ...... 9
Table 7-1: Water supply infrastructure ...... 12
Table 8-1: Current sanitation service levels ...... 13
Table 10-1: Future status with reconciliation measures ...... 16
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ABBREVIATIONS
AADD Average Annual Daily Demand ALC Active Leakage Control CBD Central Business Districts CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research D: NWRP Directorate: National Water Resource Planning DM District Municipality DMA District Meter Area DWA Department of Water Affairs DPLG Department of Provincial and Local government FC Fibre Cement IDP Integrated Development Plan IRP Integrated Resource Planning LOS Level of Service LM Local Municipality MDG Millennium Development Goals Million m 3/a Million cubic metre/ annum NRW Non Revenue Water NSDP National Spatial Development Perspective NGDB National Groundwater Database PRV Pressure Reducing Valve RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme SA South Africa SDI Spatial Development Initiative SDF Spatial Development Framework UFW Unaccounted for Water WARMS Water Authorisation and Registration Management System WC/WDM Water Conservation and Water Demand Management WMA Water Management Area WRC Water Research Commission WRSM2005 Water Resources Simulation Model 2005
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WSA Water Services Authority WSDP Water Services Development Plan WSNIS Water Services National Information System WSP Water Services Provider WTW Water Treatment Works WWTW Wastewater Treatment Works
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Aquifer An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be abstracted
Allocation A water allocation is an authority to take water in areas covered by a resource operations plan
Catchment The land area drained by a river and its tributaries
Demand/ A measure of the need for a portion of the supply of water requirement
Demand Measures available to a Water Service Provider to reduce water demand reduction and improve water use efficiency: for example, water restrictions
Entitlement A water entitlement is the general term used to describe water authorities granted under the Water Act, 1998 . This can be either a water allocation, interim water allocation or a water licence
Non Revenue This is the difference between the volume of water into a system and the Water billed authorised consumption for the area being supplied by the system
Reliable yield The quantity of water that can be collected for a given use from a supply source or supply option with a specified degree of certainty and predictability, which is determined through analysis.
Reliability of The probability of providing a specified water entitlement under given supply operating conditions for a specified period of time
Supply The quantity of water available for meeting a demand
Supply option A potential future water resource, defined as any location-specific change to water availability, infrastructure or reliable take that will result in the total available supply being increased.
Water balance The differential of demand and supply baseline.
Yield The average annual volume that can be drawn from a supply source or supply option to meet a specified demand at a specified service level. Yield is always associated with some measure of probability of occurrence, whether that is reliability or probability of achieving a level of service. That is, yield is the volume of water drawn to meet demands in a sustainable sense
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1 INTRODUCTION
The Department of Water Affairs has initiated a study for the development of reconciliation strategies for towns throughout the country in order to ensure effective and efficient management of water resources now and into the future.
The Northern Region study area comprises the water management areas of Limpopo, Luvuvhu and Letaba, Crocodile (West) and Marico, and Olifants and encompasses the Limpopo and portions of Gauteng, North West and Mpumalanga provinces.
This report should be read in conjunction with a separate report titled “ Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Towns Study – Northern Region ”.
1.1 Study area
This document focuses of on the settlements of Blouberg, Dantzig 1, Ditatsu, Ga- Mamohwibidu, Ga-Mamolele, Ga-Mmatemana, Ga-Motshemi, Ga-Rammutla 1, Ga-Rammutla 2, Ga-Tefu, Ga-Tshabalala, Matshira, Mophamamana, Pickum 1, Pickum 2, Schroelen, Schroelen 2, Sweale South and Tswatsane. These settlements form the Blouberg Regional Water Scheme (RWS) and are located in the eastern portion of the Blouberg Local Municipality (BLM).
Water is sourced from the groundwater, where the individual settlements are equipped with boreholes. This scheme falls within the Limpopo Water Management Area (WMA), in the quaternary catchment A72A of the Mogalakwena sub catchment.
Capricorn District Municipality is both the Water Service Authority and Water Service Provider for BLM [6].
The locality map is presented in Figure 1-1.
1.2 Regional Setting
Blouberg Local Municipality, (BLM) is one of five local municipalities that together form the Capricorn District Municipality, within the Limpopo Province of the Republic of South Africa. BLM is situated in the north eastern region of the Capricorn District Municipality, which forms part of the Limpopo Province of South Africa. It is boarded by the following Local Municipalities: Munisa to the north, Makhado to the east, Mogalakwena, Aganang and Molemole to the south and Lephalale to the west.
The municipality covers an area of approximately 5054 km 2 with 18 wards and around 139 settlements.
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The municipality was established in 2000 from the amalgamation or the Northern District Council and the Bochum/My Darling Traditional Local Council. The residents are mostly Bahananwa people, with small portions of Vha-Venda, Afrikaans and English speaking people. Historically, the traditional communities disapproved of the Bantustan and trust systems imposed by the government. The Bantustan government then denied the communities of basic infrastructure and related development, resulting in the current status of being the least developed region in the province and having the countries lowest income levels.
1.3 Economic Drivers
BLM has a low level of development and consequently has the countries lowest income level. A large percentage of the population is below 21 years of age, creating an economic challenge of unemployment, high dependency ratio and poverty. It is found that an increasing number of households are headed by children, as the parents seek work away from home.
Various processes have been identified by the municipality as having the potential to improve the economy and elevate poverty, these include agro-processing of fruits and the running of an abattoir with offshoot industries such as a hide tannery, beef packaging and deboning factory [3].
The focus of the economy in the region is agriculture. The Marula tree is found in abundance and is used to make traditional beer called Morula, which is sold to create income for the communities. The Capricorn District Municipality has launched small scale farming programs to assist with farming equipment and advice for emerging farmers. Other projects in the municipality include: poverty alleviation projects, land care projects (fencing of grazing camps), funding of livestock equipment as well as goat and cattle breeding projects.
The BLM is situated over mineral deposits such as coal, diamonds, marble, gold, lead, barite and platinum. Although some of these minerals have already been mined, potential for small scale mining still exists in various areas around the municipality, although the economic viability of abstracting these resources needs to be considered [3].
There are two nature reserves in the municipality, the Maleboho and Blouberg Nature Reserves. The Makgabeng Mountains are known as a historic site for rock art paintings. The Blouberg Mountain is situated in the centre of the municipality (to the south of the Taaiboschgroet GWS) and has become a tourist attraction through the development of the African Ivory Route camp at the foot of the mountains.
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1.4 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area
The information used in this report is of a medium confidence level as existing documentation, project reports and municipality communications were consulted in gather of information. Some conflicting usage volumes were encountered in various reports. The population data is of a low confidence level.
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Figure 1-1: Locality Plan
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2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS
Population data for the cluster is included below in Table 4-1. Various demographics and geographical spatial information data sources were utilised to obtain population data. The methodology is explained in the separate document, “ Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study Northern Region ”. Two scenarios have been analysed, one being a high growth, while the other a low growth projection.
The low, and high growth scenario for the Blouberg RWS were assessed. The cluster was found to have positive growth potential and this scenario is therefore used in estimating future water requirements. The population is anticipated to increase from the 2007 figure of 22 500 to 37 129 in 2030.
3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Present water requirements and historical water use
The scheme sources its water from the local aquifer. The water is not treated, but distributed directly to the settlements via interconnecting reticulation systems.
3.2 Level of Services
Level of Hardship (LOH) is used to evaluate the standard of water services provided to the communities based on the RDP criteria as specified in the methodology.
WS NIS data was consulted to assess the level of service. Within the supply scheme 36% of the population receives a level of service above RDP requirements for water provision, 28% are at the RDP level, while the remaining 36% are below the RDP level. The current service levels are detailed in Table 3-1.
Table 3-1: Current service levels
Above RDP RDP Below RDP None/ own Service level House Yard Supply Supply resources/ connection connection (<200m) (>200m) supply (>500m) WSNIS, 2007 21% 15% 28% 10% 26%
It can be calculated, from the tabulated data that the Level of Hardship (LOH) for water is 36%.
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4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS UNTILL 2030
4.1 Future water requirements
The future water requirements until 2030 are presented in Table 4-1. The assumptions used for the generation of these calculations are summarised as follows: • Population Projections: The projections are calculated using high growth and low growth population estimates, as indicated in Table 4-1. • Current Level of Service (LOS) Estimates: the current level of water consumption was used to calculate the future water requirements, 189 l/cap/day for dwellings with house connections, 101 l/cap/day for dwellings with yard connections and 40 l/cap/day for the dwellings supply at or below RDP level. • Future Requirements : For planning purposes, the future requirements are projected using “Scenario 3” i.e. LOS assumed to be at a minimum of a Yard Connection by 2015, with a 5% growth in house connections by 2015 and a further 15% growth in house connections by 2020 (total growth in house connections of 20%).
Table 4-1: Water requirement projections
Population Water Water Population Year Low Requirements Requirements High Growth Growth High Growth Low Growth
2007 (1) 22,500 22,500 0.885 0.885 2010 24,723 24,408 0.984 0.971 2015 28,105 27,163 1.182 1.143 2020 31,358 29,682 1.490 1.410 2025 34,054 31,584 1.710 1.586 2030 37,129 33,758 1.865 1.695
Base population is provided for 2007.
5 WATER RESOURCES 5.1 Surface water The Blouberg RWS is located over quaternary catchment; A72A of the Limpopo WMA.
There are three non-perennial rivers which traverse the scheme area; the Brak, Ga- Mamasonya and Bosehla. The Brak River flows through the centre of the cluster in a south to north direction. The Ga-Mamasonya River flows from the centre of the cluster in a south-
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These rivers are not utilised for domestic use.
5.1.1 Water Allocations
Surface water is not utilised for domestic use, therefore there are no domestic supply allocations.
5.1.2 Other water users from the same source
No other surface water allocations are noted within the supply area.
5.1.3 Quality
No information available.
5.2 Groundwater Groundwater is utilised for domestic use, by industry and for agricultural supply.
The 1:500 000 General Hydrogeological Map for South Africa published by DWAF (2000), 1:250 000 Geological map series and GRAII data have been used to describe the geology and hydrogeology for the area. The regional geology comprises Hout River Gneiss (outcropping to the east) overlain by sedimentary rocks of the Waterberg group (sandstone, conglomerates and mudstone) which are covered by Quarternary sediments for most of the eastern and central portion of the cluster. Wylliespoort conglomerates (Soutpansberg Group) outcrop on the north-western edge of the cluster and are faulted and intruded by diabase dykes.
Aquifers in the cluster area comprise a Minor aquifer (hydrogeolgical zone b3 i.e. fractured rocks with yields of 2l/s to 5l/s) associated with the Quarternary sediments and underlying sedimentary lithologies. A higher groundwater potential is noted to the south-east associated with the Hout River Gneiss lithologies (hydrogeological zone d5 i.e. intergranular fractured rocks with yields of >5 l/s).
The scheme area is occupied by the quaternary catchment A72A. The groundwater potential 3 for the cluster is estimated as 1.5 million m /a based the UGEP dry over the cluster area, or 4.8 3 Million m /a (AGEP dry ) if groundwater abstractions are managed.
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5.2.1 Water allocation/s
Groundwater is currently the only source of domestic water in the area, although there are no registered domestic water supply abstractions are indicated on WARMS database. Water services indicated 190 boreholes within the cluster, 56 of which are equipped and of these 25 have know abstraction values. The 25 equipped boreholes with yield data have an associated total yield of 2.659 Million m 3/a (85.5 l/s), and an average yield of 0.040 Million m3/a (1.3 l/s) per borehole, however the users are not specified. The Master Plan [6] indicated 25 boreholes for domestic supply and taking an average yield of 0.040 Million m 3/a this would indicate current use of 1.000 Million m 3/a (0.040 x 25 = 1.000 Million m 3/a) (see Table 7-1).
5.2.2 Other water users from the same source
Other water users registered for use under the WARMS database include a 0.07 Million m 3/a allocation for Irrigation.
Table 5-1: Other Water Users Dependent on the Water Resource
Licensed abstraction (Million m 3/a)
Name Domestic Mining Irrigation Industry Commercial Local Boreholes 1.000* - 0.070 -
*Not registered, estimated based on GRIP and Master Plan [6] records
5.2.3 Quality
Water quality is generally of high quality (Class 0 – Class 1), however high nitrate levels are observed scattered throughout the cluster.
5.2.4 Re-use
No known water re-use is occurring within the study area.
6 WATER BALANCE WITHOUT RECONCILIATION OPTIONS
The current and future water surplus/shortfalls are summarised in Table 6-1 and graphically illustrated in Figure 6-1 for the Blouberg RWS. The projected water demand is balanced against the water availability, provided the current water availability is accessible until 2030.
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Table 6-1: Current and Future Water Requirements for Blouberg RWS Cluster
Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 (Million m 3/a)
Available Supply Groundwater 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Total Available Supply 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Low Growth 0.885 0.971 1.143 1.410 1.586 1.695 Water Requirements High Growth 0.885 0.984 1.182 1.490 1.710 1.865 Low Growth 0.115 0.029 -0.143 -0.410 -0.586 -0.695 Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth 0.115 0.016 -0.182 -0.490 -0.710 -0.865
6.1 Priority to develop a water supply reconciliation strategy The Blouberg RWS is considered to have a Priority 3 (medium/high) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy as the cluster will be deficit within the next 5 years.
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2.000
1.800
1.600
1.400
/a 1.200 3
1.000
Million m Million 0.800
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 Years Groundwater Supply Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario)
Figure 6-1: Current and Future Water Requirements for the Blouberg RWS Cluster
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7 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE
The level of service in the supply area indicates that 36% of the population is supplied with water below RDP standard, indicating a lack of supply infrastructure and reticulation. In 2008/2009 the Capricorn District Municipality budgeted R16 669 000 Million towards enhancing basic service delivery though the provisions of water to communities within the Blouberg RWS cluster.
7.1 Water treatment plants Water is utilised directly from abstraction, no treatment is currently taking place. 7.2 Distribution network and reservoirs The internal reticulation and infrastructure was assessed in the Master Plan [6], the following summarises the findings from this report:
• Although the infrastructure is in place, inadequate operation, maintenance and management has lead to disrepair of the water service infrastructure. The refurbishment and upgrading of the water infrastructure is estimated at R16 669 000 Million. • There are 13 reservoirs and 16 tanks situated within the supply area, a total storage capacity of 3 341 m3. • There are 25 boreholes utilised by the individual settlements, both electric and diesel operated. 8 pumps are noted to be not operational. Each settlement has individual supply boreholes and distribution pipeline. A breakdown of the infrastructure at each settlement is given in Table 7-1.
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Table 7-1: Water supply infrastructure
Storage (m 3) Boreholes Settlement Reservoir Tank Type Operational Blouberg 1 x 800 Electric Y 1 x 200 3 x Electric 3 x Y 1 x 86 Ga-Mamohwibidu 2 x 150 1 x Diesel 1 x N Ga-Mamolele 2 x 10 Diesel Y Ga-Mmatemana 1 x 70 1 x 10 Diesel N Ga-Mothemi 1 x 70 1 x 10 Diesel N Ga-Rammutla 1 1 x 200 Electric Y Ga-Rammutla 2 1 x 200 Diesel Y Ga-Tefu 2 x 200 Diesel Y Ga-Tshabalala 1 x 600 Diesel Y 3 x N 1 x 70 Diesel Matshira 1 x Y Mophamamana 2 x 10 Diesel Y 1 x N 1 x 200 Diesel Pickum 1 2 x Y 3 x 10 1 x N Diesel Pickum 2 1 x 5 2 x Y Schroelen 2 x 10 Diesel Y Schroelen 2 3 x 10 Diesel Y
Source: Master Plan [5]
8 SANITATION
WS NIS database gives in indication of a substantial lack of sanitation infrastructure, with the majority of the population being supplied with sanitation that is below RDP level. These systems pose a risk to the groundwater quality and the potential for water borne diseases increases. Only small percentage of the population is connected to a sewerage system.
8.1 Level of services The WS NIS database indicates that 17% of the population is above RDP level of service, 21% are at the RDP level, and the remaining 62% are below the RDP level. This is detailed further in Table 8-1.
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Table 8-1: Current sanitation service levels
Above RDP RDP Below RDP Septic tanks, Flush toilet digester, de- Pit latrine Service level None, chemical, (connected to sludger, effluent with bucket or pit latrine sewerage discharge to an ventilation without ventilation system) oxidation pond, (VIP) etc
WS NIS, 2008 14% 3% 21% 62%
8.2 Waste water treatment works (WWTW) and sanitation infrastructure No information available regarding waste water treatment. The majority of the supply scheme is equipped with substandard sanitation services.
A sanitation assessment was also carried out for the Master Plan where the adequacy of the sanitation infrastructure was reported on and R16 275 000 Million was budgeted towards enhancing basic sanitation services within the Blouberg RWS cluster.
8.2.1 Return flows
Not applicable
8.2.2 State of WWTW
Not applicable.
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9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS
The Blouberg RWS is supplied with groundwater for its domestic needs. Groundwater, if properly managed and if confirmed by a detailed hydrogeological investigation has the potential to further augment the current supply. This supply from the existing boreholes is not sufficient to cater for the future needs of the community.
The reconciliation options for the Blouberg RWS are presented on Figure 10-1.
9.1 Water Conservation and Water Demand Management (WC/WDM)
The Capricorn District Municipality, as the Water Services Authority, does not have a WC/WDM strategy in place for the Blouberg RWS. Consequently, there is no estimation of “unaccounted for water” (UFW) nor specified reduction targets. It is important to have an accurate set of baseline data against which any progress can be measured; therefore it is imperative that there is an adequate network of water meters from which accurate readings must be recorded on a regular basis.
A priority must be given to encourage water conservation and to utilise water resources to their full potential.
For the reconciliation purposes in this study, it has been assumed that if a WC/WDM strategy is implemented the water demand requirements will reduce by 1% per annum from 2010 to 2013 and 2% per annum from 2013 to 2018.
9.2 Rain water harvesting
BLM is considered to be a hot area with seasonal summer rains. The average rainfall varies between 360 and 550 mm and high evapo-transpiration rates. The area is prone to drought which affects the communities’ water supply, especially with regards to the agricultural farming economy. The potential for rainwater harvesting is therefore low.
9.3 Groundwater
Augmentation is required from groundwater to cater for the future domestic demand of the cluster. The Master Plan [6] indicates allocation of 0.360 Million m 3/a (1000kl/d) from the Ga-Hlako area which has been set aside for settlements in the north of Blouberg RWS Cluster. Further augmentation of the supply is required. The groundwater potential for the 3 cluster is estimated as 1.5 million m /a based the UGEP dry over the cluster area, or 4.8 Million 3 m3/a (AGEP dry ) if groundwater abstractions are managed. 0.520 Million m /a may be sourced from re-allocation of 13 local boreholes as indicated by Water Services, with an average yield
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of 0.040 Million m 3/a (13 x 0.04 = 0.520 Million m 3/a). If this is not feasible, new boreholes will be drilled to supply the area.
9.4 Re-use
Not applicable.
9.5 Local surface water
Not Required.
9.6 Buy-out of water allocations/rights
Not Required.
9.7 Water Transfer
Not Required.
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10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS
10.1 Water balance
Table 10-1: Future status with reconciliation measures
Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 (Million m 3/a)
Available Supply Groundwater 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Groundwater from Ga-Hlako 0.000 0.000 0.360 0.360 0.360 0.360 Augmentation Local Boreholes 0.000 0.000 0.520 0.520 0.520 0.520 Total Available Supply 1.000 1.000 1.880 1.880 1.880 1.880 Low Growth 0.885 0.971 1.143 1.410 1.586 1.695 Water Requirement High Growth 0.885 0.984 1.182 1.490 1.710 1.865 WC/WDM measures Low Growth 0.010 0.103 0.183 0.206 0.220 (Savings) High Growth 0.010 0.106 0.194 0.222 0.242 Low Growth 0.115 0.038 0.840 0.653 0.500 0.405 Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth 0.115 0.026 0.804 0.584 0.392 0.258
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2.000
1.800
1.600
1.400
1.200 /a 3
1.000
Millionm 0.800
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Years
Groundwater Supply Augmentation Measures (Ga-Hlako) Augmentation Measures (Local Boreholes) Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (Low growth scenario) Figure 10-1: Augmentation Options
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11 CONCLUSIONS • The Blouberg RWS has a current water demand estimated at 0.885 Million m 3/a, which is projected to increase to 1.865 Million m 3/a by the year 2030. • Water is sourced from local boreholes and a current domestic supply of 1 Million m 3/a. Thus the Blouberg RWS does not possess sufficient water supply to meet future demands and will be deficit within the next 5 years. • Augmentation form Ga-Hlako (0.360 Million m 3/a) supply and local boreholes (0.520 Million m 3/a ) will be necessary to meet future demand. • The water quality in some areas is poor, due to high nitrate level but is not treated prior to distribution. The potential exists for mixing of good and poor water qualities to improve the overall distribution quality. • There are 25 boreholes servicing this supply scheme, of which only 8 are not operational. The continual maintenance of this infrastructure is highlighted as an issue, due to the insufficient water supply.
12 STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS • Undertake a detailed investigation to determine actual water usages, sustainability of source and availability of future supply. Should there be sufficient groundwater resources, additional boreholes will need to be installed to augment the domestic supply to the scheme. • Additional water resources are said to be available from the Ga-Hlako settlement. This will need to be confirmed and used to augment the Blouberg RWS. • Develop and implement a Water Conservation and Demand Management plan with clear performance targets. This must include limiting the wasteful use of water in order to control water consumption and utilise the available resources to their full potential and also limit wasteful water use. • As a critical step when introducing measures to encourage water conservation, it is important to have an accurate set of baseline data against which any progress can be measured. The first priority must therefore be to ensure that there is an adequate network of water meters and accurate readings are recorded on a regular basis • Implement comprehensive monitoring of the groundwater table and of groundwater use by all users (domestic and agricultural) in the area to ensure sustainable use. • Register existing water use and ensure that planned increases in water use are registered with the DWA.
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13 REFERENCES [1] Feasibility Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. 2008. Feasibility Study: Study (2008) Glen Alpine RWS LPR008. Preparation for Project Implementation in future years (2008/2009 and after). Regional Bulk Infrastructure Grant. Prepared by EVN Africa (Pty) Ltd, assisted by Murango Consultants. [2] GRA2 Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (2005), Groundwater Resource Assessment Phase 2 . Pretoria [3] IDP (2002) Capricorn District Municipality. 2002. Integrated Development Plan [4] IDP (2008) Blouberg Municipality. 2008/2009. Integrated Development Plan and Budget [5] ISP (2004) Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa. 2004. Internal Strategic Perspective: Limpopo Water Management Area : Prepared by Goba Moahloli Keeve Steyn (Pty) Ltd, in association with Tlou & Matji (Pty) Ltd and Golder Associates (Pty) Ltd. on behalf of the Directorate National Water Resources Planning. Report No. PWMA 01/000/00/0304. [6] Master Plan Capricorn District Municipality. 2008. Water and Sanitation Master (2008) Plan for the Blouberg Municipality. Prepared by BKS Pty (Ltd), assisted by EVN Africa (Pty) Ltd [7] Reference Capricorn District Municipality. 2006. Water Services Planning Framework Reference Framework. Draft 1: discussion document. Prepared by (2006) Inviromap and GPM Consultants on behalf of the Directorate Water Services Planning & Information, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. [8] Water Department of Water Affairs. 2008. Water Services Reference Services Framework Decision Support System. Reference Framework (2008) Knowledge Base Structure , Project Process & Time Flow. Prepared by Inviromap in association with Mr S Marais, DWAF National Planning and Iinformation on behalf of the Directorate: Water Services Planning & Information [9] Website Blouberg Local Municipality Website: http://www.blouberg.gov.za Accesses July 2010
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